横梁间距、刚度对大跨度叠合梁斜拉桥承载力的影响
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摘要
横梁虽然不被看作是斜拉桥的主要构件，设计中却不能忽略它的作用。横梁的正确受力分析、设计计算以及材料的使用已成为整个设计中较重要的一部分。因此本文的目的就是分析在静载作用下，横梁间距、刚度的改变对斜拉桥整个结构的影响。
以青州闽江大桥这座主跨长605m的大跨度叠合梁斜拉桥为例，利用ANSYS大型通用程序建立成桥阶段、悬臂阶段的空间模型，在计算中考虑了材料非线性和几何非线性的影响。通过计算，分析、比较不同的横梁间距、刚度，本文发现：
1、斜拉桥的破坏形式有强度破坏、失稳破坏，或二者兼而有之，横梁间距、刚度的改变将改变斜拉桥破坏的形式；
2、减小横梁间距或增加其刚度，在一定程度上有助于提高整体结构的极限承载能力，但这种作用非常微小；
3、横梁间距、刚度对横梁自身的受力有很大的影响；
4、横梁间距、刚度的改变对主梁、拉索、桥塔的影响非常微小。
Transverse beams have been considered as subordinate structure for cable-stayed bridge, but in real design they can't be neglected. The correct analysis, computation, and the use of material in transverse beams have been an important part in the entire design.
The analytical example is Min-River Cable-Stayed Bridge, which is the third longest cable-stayed bridge and the longest composite beam cable-stayed bridge in the world, with main span 605m. The paper set up a 3D model of the bridge with ANSYS finite element program, considering the geometrical and material non-linearity. After evaluation and comparison of the different space and rigidity, some conclusions have been got:
1. Cable-stayed bridge will be destroyed for strength, lost of stability, or for both. The change of space or rigidity of transverse beams will alternate the failure reason.
2. Transverse beams will to some degree affect the ultimate capacity of cable-stayed bridge, the less space or the more rigidity, the more capacity. However, there is a limitation to improve capacity by the way. When exceeding the limitation, the capacity will be otherwise cut down.
3. The space and rigidity have great influence on the behavior of transverse beams.
4. The space and rigidity have little influence on the behavior of behavior of girders, tower and cables.
以青州闽江大桥这座主跨长605m的大跨度叠合梁斜拉桥为例，利用ANSYS大型通用程序建立成桥阶段、悬臂阶段的空间模型，在计算中考虑了材料非线性和几何非线性的影响。通过计算，分析、比较不同的横梁间距、刚度，本文发现：
1、斜拉桥的破坏形式有强度破坏、失稳破坏，或二者兼而有之，横梁间距、刚度的改变将改变斜拉桥破坏的形式；
2、减小横梁间距或增加其刚度，在一定程度上有助于提高整体结构的极限承载能力，但这种作用非常微小；
3、横梁间距、刚度对横梁自身的受力有很大的影响；
4、横梁间距、刚度的改变对主梁、拉索、桥塔的影响非常微小。
Transverse beams have been considered as subordinate structure for cable-stayed bridge, but in real design they can't be neglected. The correct analysis, computation, and the use of material in transverse beams have been an important part in the entire design.
The analytical example is Min-River Cable-Stayed Bridge, which is the third longest cable-stayed bridge and the longest composite beam cable-stayed bridge in the world, with main span 605m. The paper set up a 3D model of the bridge with ANSYS finite element program, considering the geometrical and material non-linearity. After evaluation and comparison of the different space and rigidity, some conclusions have been got:
1. Cable-stayed bridge will be destroyed for strength, lost of stability, or for both. The change of space or rigidity of transverse beams will alternate the failure reason.
2. Transverse beams will to some degree affect the ultimate capacity of cable-stayed bridge, the less space or the more rigidity, the more capacity. However, there is a limitation to improve capacity by the way. When exceeding the limitation, the capacity will be otherwise cut down.
3. The space and rigidity have great influence on the behavior of transverse beams.
4. The space and rigidity have little influence on the behavior of behavior of girders, tower and cables.
引文
1. F. Leonhart, Brücken Bridge, Architectural Press, London(1982).
2. Fu-Kuei Chang and E. Cohen, Long-span bridges: state of the art. J. Struct. Dive., ASCE(1981).
3．林元培，斜拉桥，人民交通出版社，1994年4月。
4. Michel Virlogeux, Recent evolution of cable-stayed bridges, Engineering Structures 21(1999) 737-755.
5. H. Tada, Recent Trend of Cable-Stayed Bridge Construction Technology, Public Works Research Institute, Bridge Division, Tsukuba, Japan (March 1986).
6．程进，肖汝诚，项海帆，超大跨径缆索承重桥梁极限承载力分析的研究现状，中国公路学报，第12卷，第4期，1999年10月
7. Lazar, B.E, "Stiffness Analysis of Cable-Stayed Bridges", Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, Vol. 98, No. ST7, July, 1792, pp. 1605-1612.
8. Lazar, B.E, et al., "Load Balance Analysis of Cable-Stayed Bridges", Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, Vol. 98, No. ST8, Aug., 1972, pp. 1725-1740.
9. Smith, B.S., "The Single plane Cable-Stayed Girder Bridge: A Method of Analysis Suitable for Computer Use", Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineering, Vol. 37, May, 1967, pp. 183-194
10. Smith, B.S., "A Linear Method of Analysis for Double-Plane Cable-Stayed Girder Bridges", Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineering, Vol. 39, Jan, 1967, pp. 85-94
11. Tang, M.C., "Analysis of Cable-Stayed Girder Bridges", Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, Vol. 97, No. ST5, May, 1971, pp. 1481-1496
12. Zellner, W., et al., "Discussion of Cable-Stayed Bridges:Degrees of Anchoring", by R. E. Gilsanz, et al., Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, Vol. 110, No. 4, ST5, Apr., 1984, pp. 910-914
13．任伟新、曾庆元，钢压杆稳定极限承载力分析，中国铁道出版社，1994年北京
14．颜全胜，大跨度钢斜拉桥极限承载力分析，长沙铁道学院博士论文，1994。
15. Serf, S.P. Dilger, W., H., Nonlinear Analysis And Collapse Load of PC Cable-Stayed Bridge, ASCE, J. Structure, Engng, Vol. 116, No. 3, 1990
16. Jae-Seok Lee, Young-Jin Kang, Ultimate Analysis of Segmentally Erected Prestressed Concreted Cable-stayed Bridges, the Fourth East Asia-Pacific Conference on Structural Engineering & Construction Seoul, Korea, September, 20-22,1993.
17. Ehinton, D R J Q wen. Finite Element Software for Plates and Shells, 1984
18．张翔、黄赤、贺栓海，大跨径混凝土斜拉桥梁结构的极限承载力，华东公路，1990，6
19．伏魁先、刘学信、黄华彪，斜拉桥面内整体失稳分析，铁道学报，1993，15(4)
20．潘家英、张国政、程庆国，大跨度桥梁极限承载力的几何与材料非线性耦合分析，土木工程学报，Vol．33 No．1，Feb．2000。
21．方明山、项海帆、肖汝诚，超大跨径桥梁结构中的特殊力学问题，重庆交通学院学报，1998年12月，Vol．17，No．4
22. A. Grant, Pasco-Kennewick Bridge——the Longest Cable-Stayed Bridge in North America, Civil Engineering, ASCE, Aug. 1977.
23．樊勇坚，斜拉桥稳定问题的研究，中南公路工程，1984．4，pp．49-63。
24．钱莲萍，项海帆，斜拉桥稳定分析的实用计算方法，中国土木工程学会桥梁及结构工程学第八届年会论文集，1988．5，广州
25．曾庆元、朱汉华，斜拉桥稳定问题简介及塔柱与主梁自由长度计算，长沙铁道学院学报，Vol．9 No．3，Sept．1991
26. J. CH. ERMOPOULOS, A.S. VLAHINOS and YANG-CHENG WANG, STABILITY ANALYSIS OF CABLE-STAYED BRIDGES, Computers & Structures, Vol. 44, No. 5, pp1083-1089, 1995
27. R. Saul, On Frontiers of Cable-Stayed Bridges, "Bridges into the 21st Century", Hongkong, 1995
28. M. Nagai, etc. Development of Box Cross-Section of Girders in Extremely Long-Span Cable-Stayed Bridges, 1994.
29．胡隽，吴海林，PC斜拉桥的稳定性分析，第九届全国结构工程学术会议论文集，第11卷，P567，清华大学出版社，2000．9
30．杨勇，PC单索面斜拉桥极限承载力分析，同济大学博士学位论文，1996年
31．戴公连，混凝土斜拉桥局部与整体相关屈曲极限承载力分析，长沙铁道学院博士论文，1997年
32．谢旭，黄剑源，关于大跨度钢斜拉桥极限承载力特性的研究，第十三届全国桥梁学术会议论文集，1998．11．16～19，上海
33. Aly S. Nazmy and Ahmed M. Abdel Ghaffar, the three-dimensional nonlinear static analysis of cable-stayed bridges, Computer & Structures Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 257-271, 1990
34．陈政清、曾庆元、颜全胜，空间杆系结构大挠度问题内力分析的UL列式法，土木工程学报，1992年第25卷第5期
35. Myong Woo Lee, Young Suk Park, nonlinear analysis of 3-D PC cable-stayed bridges, the South East Asia-Pacific Conference on Structural Engineering & Construction, South Korea, September 1993
36．彭杰元，斜拉桥的受力分析及其模型试验研究，桥梁建设，1998年第3期
37．程翔云，开口截面斜拉桥中的横梁预压应力分析，公路，No．1，Jan．1999
38. Michel Virlogeux, Recent evolution of cable-stayed bridges, engineering structures 21 (1999) 737-755
39．诺曼底大桥的设计，国外桥梁，1989年第2期，武汉
40．吉姆辛著，姚玲森、林长川译，缆索承重桥梁：构思与设计，人民交通出版社，1992．3
41. Cook, R.D., "Finite Element Modelling for Stress Analysis", John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1995
42. Owen, D.R.J., and Hinton, E., "A Simple Guide to Finite Elements", Pineridge Press Limited, 1980
43. Zienikiewicz, O.C., "Finite Element Method", 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Company (UK) Limited, 1977
44. Grandlin, H., "Fundamentals of the Finite Element Method", Macmillan Publishing Company, 1986
45. Cook, R D., "Concepts and Applcations of Finite Element Analysis", john Wiley & Sons Inc., 1974
46. Owen, D.R.J., and Hinton, E., "Finite Elements in Platicity-Theory and Practice", Pineridge Press Limited, 1974
47. ANSYS 5.6(1999),User' s manual, Swanson Analysis System, USA
48．周先雁、程翔云、周义武，斜拉桥主体结构纵向稳定性的试验研究，全国桥梁结构学术大会论文集，1992．11．2-5，PP．1209-1213
2. Fu-Kuei Chang and E. Cohen, Long-span bridges: state of the art. J. Struct. Dive., ASCE(1981).
3．林元培，斜拉桥，人民交通出版社，1994年4月。
4. Michel Virlogeux, Recent evolution of cable-stayed bridges, Engineering Structures 21(1999) 737-755.
5. H. Tada, Recent Trend of Cable-Stayed Bridge Construction Technology, Public Works Research Institute, Bridge Division, Tsukuba, Japan (March 1986).
6．程进，肖汝诚，项海帆，超大跨径缆索承重桥梁极限承载力分析的研究现状，中国公路学报，第12卷，第4期，1999年10月
7. Lazar, B.E, "Stiffness Analysis of Cable-Stayed Bridges", Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, Vol. 98, No. ST7, July, 1792, pp. 1605-1612.
8. Lazar, B.E, et al., "Load Balance Analysis of Cable-Stayed Bridges", Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, Vol. 98, No. ST8, Aug., 1972, pp. 1725-1740.
9. Smith, B.S., "The Single plane Cable-Stayed Girder Bridge: A Method of Analysis Suitable for Computer Use", Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineering, Vol. 37, May, 1967, pp. 183-194
10. Smith, B.S., "A Linear Method of Analysis for Double-Plane Cable-Stayed Girder Bridges", Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineering, Vol. 39, Jan, 1967, pp. 85-94
11. Tang, M.C., "Analysis of Cable-Stayed Girder Bridges", Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, Vol. 97, No. ST5, May, 1971, pp. 1481-1496
12. Zellner, W., et al., "Discussion of Cable-Stayed Bridges:Degrees of Anchoring", by R. E. Gilsanz, et al., Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, Vol. 110, No. 4, ST5, Apr., 1984, pp. 910-914
13．任伟新、曾庆元，钢压杆稳定极限承载力分析，中国铁道出版社，1994年北京
14．颜全胜，大跨度钢斜拉桥极限承载力分析，长沙铁道学院博士论文，1994。
15. Serf, S.P. Dilger, W., H., Nonlinear Analysis And Collapse Load of PC Cable-Stayed Bridge, ASCE, J. Structure, Engng, Vol. 116, No. 3, 1990
16. Jae-Seok Lee, Young-Jin Kang, Ultimate Analysis of Segmentally Erected Prestressed Concreted Cable-stayed Bridges, the Fourth East Asia-Pacific Conference on Structural Engineering & Construction Seoul, Korea, September, 20-22,1993.
17. Ehinton, D R J Q wen. Finite Element Software for Plates and Shells, 1984
18．张翔、黄赤、贺栓海，大跨径混凝土斜拉桥梁结构的极限承载力，华东公路，1990，6
19．伏魁先、刘学信、黄华彪，斜拉桥面内整体失稳分析，铁道学报，1993，15(4)
20．潘家英、张国政、程庆国，大跨度桥梁极限承载力的几何与材料非线性耦合分析，土木工程学报，Vol．33 No．1，Feb．2000。
21．方明山、项海帆、肖汝诚，超大跨径桥梁结构中的特殊力学问题，重庆交通学院学报，1998年12月，Vol．17，No．4
22. A. Grant, Pasco-Kennewick Bridge——the Longest Cable-Stayed Bridge in North America, Civil Engineering, ASCE, Aug. 1977.
23．樊勇坚，斜拉桥稳定问题的研究，中南公路工程，1984．4，pp．49-63。
24．钱莲萍，项海帆，斜拉桥稳定分析的实用计算方法，中国土木工程学会桥梁及结构工程学第八届年会论文集，1988．5，广州
25．曾庆元、朱汉华，斜拉桥稳定问题简介及塔柱与主梁自由长度计算，长沙铁道学院学报，Vol．9 No．3，Sept．1991
26. J. CH. ERMOPOULOS, A.S. VLAHINOS and YANG-CHENG WANG, STABILITY ANALYSIS OF CABLE-STAYED BRIDGES, Computers & Structures, Vol. 44, No. 5, pp1083-1089, 1995
27. R. Saul, On Frontiers of Cable-Stayed Bridges, "Bridges into the 21st Century", Hongkong, 1995
28. M. Nagai, etc. Development of Box Cross-Section of Girders in Extremely Long-Span Cable-Stayed Bridges, 1994.
29．胡隽，吴海林，PC斜拉桥的稳定性分析，第九届全国结构工程学术会议论文集，第11卷，P567，清华大学出版社，2000．9
30．杨勇，PC单索面斜拉桥极限承载力分析，同济大学博士学位论文，1996年
31．戴公连，混凝土斜拉桥局部与整体相关屈曲极限承载力分析，长沙铁道学院博士论文，1997年
32．谢旭，黄剑源，关于大跨度钢斜拉桥极限承载力特性的研究，第十三届全国桥梁学术会议论文集，1998．11．16～19，上海
33. Aly S. Nazmy and Ahmed M. Abdel Ghaffar, the three-dimensional nonlinear static analysis of cable-stayed bridges, Computer & Structures Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 257-271, 1990
34．陈政清、曾庆元、颜全胜，空间杆系结构大挠度问题内力分析的UL列式法，土木工程学报，1992年第25卷第5期
35. Myong Woo Lee, Young Suk Park, nonlinear analysis of 3-D PC cable-stayed bridges, the South East Asia-Pacific Conference on Structural Engineering & Construction, South Korea, September 1993
36．彭杰元，斜拉桥的受力分析及其模型试验研究，桥梁建设，1998年第3期
37．程翔云，开口截面斜拉桥中的横梁预压应力分析，公路，No．1，Jan．1999
38. Michel Virlogeux, Recent evolution of cable-stayed bridges, engineering structures 21 (1999) 737-755
39．诺曼底大桥的设计，国外桥梁，1989年第2期，武汉
40．吉姆辛著，姚玲森、林长川译，缆索承重桥梁：构思与设计，人民交通出版社，1992．3
41. Cook, R.D., "Finite Element Modelling for Stress Analysis", John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1995
42. Owen, D.R.J., and Hinton, E., "A Simple Guide to Finite Elements", Pineridge Press Limited, 1980
43. Zienikiewicz, O.C., "Finite Element Method", 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Company (UK) Limited, 1977
44. Grandlin, H., "Fundamentals of the Finite Element Method", Macmillan Publishing Company, 1986
45. Cook, R D., "Concepts and Applcations of Finite Element Analysis", john Wiley & Sons Inc., 1974
46. Owen, D.R.J., and Hinton, E., "Finite Elements in Platicity-Theory and Practice", Pineridge Press Limited, 1974
47. ANSYS 5.6(1999),User' s manual, Swanson Analysis System, USA
48．周先雁、程翔云、周义武，斜拉桥主体结构纵向稳定性的试验研究，全国桥梁结构学术大会论文集，1992．11．2-5，PP．1209-1213