水轮机推力轴承润滑性能分析
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摘要
推力轴承作为水轮发电机关键部件之一,直接关系到发电机的寿命和运行的可靠性,尤其是它的润滑性能备受关注。传统的分析大多是在假设轴瓦为刚性的前提下进行轴承的研究和设计,忽略了弹性变形对润滑性能的影响。而且,对分析计算软件并没有过多的进行研究。本文针对上述问题,在润滑分析中考虑了弹性变形的影响,从理论出发对推力轴承热弹性流体润滑进行了研究,建立了更为准确的润滑性能分析式,可以更精确的计算其润滑性能。设计开发了一套推力轴承润滑性能分析软件,方便了使用者的计算。
论文主要进行了以下方面的工作:
1、以解决推力轴承润滑性能问题为目标,从摩擦学的概念出发,研究了推力轴承润滑的基本理论,并就此建立了基本的润滑数学模型。联立求解了雷诺方程、能量方程、粘温方程和油膜厚度方程,描述了润滑的基本特征。
2、考虑了弹性变形对润滑性能的影响。通过仿真计算对轴承的弹性变形进行了分析,在润滑分析中加入弹性变形的影响,使润滑性能分析更加准确。
3、利用Visual Basic语言编写润滑计算程序。讨论了有限元分析软件的参数化问题,将ANSYS计算弹性变形的过程也包含在计算程序中。利用该程序可解出推力轴承的润滑性能,即压力场与温度场的分布。借助软件输入参数可变的优点分析了主要参数对润滑性能的影响情况。
The thrust bearing of the hydrogenerator is one of the most design contents, and they are directly related to the life of generator and the reliability of operation, especially in lubrication performance. In the past, the research and design of bearing were taken on the premise of assuming the bearing is rigid, neglected the elastic deformation of bearing . It also did not care the program for calculation. This dissertation based on the theory of lubrication, studies the thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication properties of the thrust bearings, including the elastic deformation of thrust bearing, making the analysis of lubrication performance improve. A analysis software of thrust bearing lubrication performance is designed for users.
The content of this paper is:
1. Aim at solved the thrust bearing lubrication performance problems, researches the basic of the thrust bearing lubrication, foundation on the principle of thetribology. Establishes of mathematical model of lubrication performance. Reynolds equation, energy equation, viscosity-temperature equation and oil film thickness equation of the lubricant are solved simultaneously in the program, and lubrication characteristics can be obtained.
2. Consider the elastic deformation of thrust bearing for the lubricating performance. Thermo-elastic-deformation of thrust bearing is analyzed by means of ANSYS. It makes results more accurate.
3. Lubrication calculation is programmed with Visual Basic. Discussed the parametric of the FEA software. The program is included the calculation of thermo-elastic-deformation by ANSYS. The lubrication performance of thrust bearing is solved by the program, just as pressure and temperature distribution venues. Research the main parameters of the bearings how to impact the lubrication performance by the program.
论文主要进行了以下方面的工作:
1、以解决推力轴承润滑性能问题为目标,从摩擦学的概念出发,研究了推力轴承润滑的基本理论,并就此建立了基本的润滑数学模型。联立求解了雷诺方程、能量方程、粘温方程和油膜厚度方程,描述了润滑的基本特征。
2、考虑了弹性变形对润滑性能的影响。通过仿真计算对轴承的弹性变形进行了分析,在润滑分析中加入弹性变形的影响,使润滑性能分析更加准确。
3、利用Visual Basic语言编写润滑计算程序。讨论了有限元分析软件的参数化问题,将ANSYS计算弹性变形的过程也包含在计算程序中。利用该程序可解出推力轴承的润滑性能,即压力场与温度场的分布。借助软件输入参数可变的优点分析了主要参数对润滑性能的影响情况。
The thrust bearing of the hydrogenerator is one of the most design contents, and they are directly related to the life of generator and the reliability of operation, especially in lubrication performance. In the past, the research and design of bearing were taken on the premise of assuming the bearing is rigid, neglected the elastic deformation of bearing . It also did not care the program for calculation. This dissertation based on the theory of lubrication, studies the thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication properties of the thrust bearings, including the elastic deformation of thrust bearing, making the analysis of lubrication performance improve. A analysis software of thrust bearing lubrication performance is designed for users.
The content of this paper is:
1. Aim at solved the thrust bearing lubrication performance problems, researches the basic of the thrust bearing lubrication, foundation on the principle of thetribology. Establishes of mathematical model of lubrication performance. Reynolds equation, energy equation, viscosity-temperature equation and oil film thickness equation of the lubricant are solved simultaneously in the program, and lubrication characteristics can be obtained.
2. Consider the elastic deformation of thrust bearing for the lubricating performance. Thermo-elastic-deformation of thrust bearing is analyzed by means of ANSYS. It makes results more accurate.
3. Lubrication calculation is programmed with Visual Basic. Discussed the parametric of the FEA software. The program is included the calculation of thermo-elastic-deformation by ANSYS. The lubrication performance of thrust bearing is solved by the program, just as pressure and temperature distribution venues. Research the main parameters of the bearings how to impact the lubrication performance by the program.
引文
[1]孙大成,润滑力学讲义,北京:中国友谊出版社,1991
[2]陈渭,朱均,大型推力轴承热弹流动力润滑的性能计算,机械科学与技术,1994,52(4):51~55
[3]孙圣和,郑为民,崔峰,推力轴承油膜厚度测试技术的发展,大电机技术,2003,3:4~7
[4]武中德,张宏,水轮发电机组推力轴承技术的发展,电器工业,2007,1(专刊):32~36
[5]李永海,杨罡,于晓东等,水轮发电机推力轴承在线检测方法研究,电机与控制学报,2003,7(2):117~121
[6]陈伯贤,裘祖干,张慧生,流体润滑理论及其应用,北京:机械工业出版社,1991,1
[7]蒋立军,推力轴承三维瞬态热效应与非线性动力及热稳定性的研究,[博士学位论文],西安,西安交通大学,2000
[8] C.M.Ettles, A.Cameron,Consideration of Flow Across a Bearing Groove, ASME Journal of Lubrication Technology,1968,90
[9] C.M.Ettles., Size Effects in Tilting Pad Thrust Bearing, Wear,1980,59:231~245
[10]陈志澜,巨型推力轴承的三维热弹流动力润滑性能研究,[博士学位论文],西安,西安交通大学,1998
[11]P.B.Neal,Some Factors Influencing the Operating Temperature of Pad Thrust Bearing,Thermal Effects in Tribology,1979
[12]C.M.Ettles , The Development of a Generalized Computer Analysis for Sectorshaped Tilting Pad Thrust Bearing, Trans.ASLE,1975,19
[13]C.M.Ettles,H.G.Anderson,Three-dimensional Thermoelastic Solution of Thrust Bearing Using Code Marmacl,Journal of Tribology,1991,113
[14]C.M.Ettles,Some Factors Affecting the Design of spring Supported Thrust Bearing in Hydroelectric Generators,Trans.ASME,1991,113
[15]K.W.Kim,M.Tanaka,A Three-Dimensional Analysis of Thermohydrodynamic Performance of Sector-Shaped Tilting-Pad Thrust Bearings,Trans,ASME,July,1983,105
[16]李忠,李自新,推力轴承二维流动油膜中的温度因子分析,机械科学与技术,2004,23(8):999~1000,1004
[17]Cz.M.Rodkiewicz,K.M.Kim,J.S.Kennedy,On the Significance of the Inlet Pressure Build-up in the Design of Tilting-Pad Bearings,Journal of Tribology,Jan.,1990,112
[18]H.C.Ha,H.J.Kim,K.W.Kim,Inlet Pressure Effects on the Thermohydrodynamic Pad Bearings Subjected to Inlet Pressure Build-up,Trans.ASME,July,1991,113
[19]H.Hashimoto,S.Wada,Turbulent Lubrication of Tilting-Pad Thrust Bearing with Thermal and Elastic Deformations,Trans.ASME,1985,107
[20]S.M.Rohde,K.P.Oh,A Thermoelastohydrodynamic Analysis of a Finite Slider Bearing,Trans.ASME,1975
[21]C.M.Ettles,Solutions for Flow in a Bearing Groove,Proc.Inst.Mech.Engrs,1968
[22]黄瑛,浅谈推力轴承的几种支承形式,水电站机电技术,2000,3:18~21
[23]王初铭,大型推力轴承的支承结构,国外大电机,1996,1:1~13
[24]余恪三,水轮发电机推力轴承支撑结构和原理探讨,水电站机电技术,1996,1:1~7
[25]吴朝,王文,陈晓阳等,推力轴承支承方式及间隙影响研究,润滑与密封,2006,5:130~131,145
[26]罗正平,弹簧束支承德塑料瓦推力轴承,东方电机,2003,31(2):103~107
[27]武中德,大型水轮发电机推力轴承热弹流润滑性能研究:[硕士学位论文],哈尔滨;哈尔滨工业大学,2001
[28]池长青,流体力学润滑,北京:国防工业出版社,1998
[29]杨沛然,流体润滑数值分析,北京:国防工业出版社,1998
[30]温诗铸,摩擦学原理,北京:清华大学出版社,1990
[31]温诗铸,润滑理论研究的进展与思考,摩擦学学报,2007,27(6):497~501
[32]董浚修,润滑原理及润滑油,北京:中国石化出版社,1998,27
[33]温诗铸,杨沛然,弹性流体动力润滑,北京:清华大学出版社,1992
[34]有限差分法求解二维电位函数的matlab程序设计及分析
[35]刘素梅,刘惠梅,一种简化雷诺方程的数值求解方法,中北大学学报,2006,27(32):165~167
[36]吴德龄马进,弹性变形对滑动轴承工作性能的影响,北京工业大学学报,1989,18(4):66~72
[37]段芳莉,韦云隆,弹性变形对径向轴承弹流润滑性能的影响,润滑与密封,2000,6:28~29
[38] Conway H.D,Lee,H.C,The Analysis of the Lubrication of a Flexible Journal Bearing, ASME Journal Of Lubrication Technology,1976,98:599~604
[39]Koclnir,D,Shllnikov,E.P., An Investigation in the Field of Elastohydrodynamics, ASME Journal of Lubrication Technology,1976,98, 491~499
[40]楼志文,陈瀚,马晓士,弹性流体动力润滑理论有限元解,西安交通大学学报,1979,2:75~85
[41]杨建军,安琦,杨剑等,滑动轴承弹性变形的耦合算法研究,机械科学与技术,2004,23(9):1044~1046
[42]陈伟,何飞,温卫东,基于结构参数化的有限元分析方法,机械科学与技术,2003
[43]孙玉国,刘巡,基于APDL的柔性结构动态特性智能设计研究,噪声与振动控制,2003
[44]黎学芬,黄菊花,饶进军,基于PFEA法的板料成形工艺参数优化,金属成形工艺,2003
[45]博弈创作室,ANSYS9.0经典产品高级分析技术与实例详解,北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005,1
[46]王欣欣,李金保,关于由邻接矩阵求可达性矩阵的方法,吉林化工学院学报,2005,22(4):89-94.
[47]任重,ANSYS实用分析教程,北京:北京大学出版社,2003,1~42
[48]李黎明,ANSYS有限元分析实用教程,北京:清华大学出版社,2005,1~29
[49]刘坤,ANSYS有限元分析方法精解,北京:国防工业出版社,2005,1~31
[50]博弈创作室,ANSYS 9.0经典产品基础教程与实例详解,北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006,2~20
[51]龚曙光,谢桂兰,ANSYS操作命令与参数化编程,北京:机械工业出版社,2004,1~9
[52]刘恩涛,赵耀峰,Visual Basic 6.0编程技巧与实例分析,北京:中国水利水电出版社,1999,121~377
[53]郭琦,Visual Basics数据库系统开发技术,北京:人民邮电出版社,2003
[54]博弈创作室,ANSYS 9.0经典产品基础教程与实例详解,北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006,10~20
[55]顿月芹,孔宇,基于VB调用ANSYS与MATLAB的电机电磁场计算,设计分析,2006,2:11~13
[56]蔡忠云,集装箱船参数化有限元分析模块的研究与应用,武汉:武汉理工大学,2004
[57]Russell S Peak, Robert E Fulton, Ichirou Nishigaki, etc,Integrating Engineering Design and Analysis Using a Multi-Representation Approach,Engineering with Computers,1998
[58] R Sudarsan, SJ Fenves, RD Sriram,etc, A product information modeling framework for product lifecycle management,Computer-Aided Design,2005
[59]石振勤,循环水泵推力轴承磨损润滑的分析与对策,中国电力教育,2005,研究综述与技术论坛特刊:246~249
[2]陈渭,朱均,大型推力轴承热弹流动力润滑的性能计算,机械科学与技术,1994,52(4):51~55
[3]孙圣和,郑为民,崔峰,推力轴承油膜厚度测试技术的发展,大电机技术,2003,3:4~7
[4]武中德,张宏,水轮发电机组推力轴承技术的发展,电器工业,2007,1(专刊):32~36
[5]李永海,杨罡,于晓东等,水轮发电机推力轴承在线检测方法研究,电机与控制学报,2003,7(2):117~121
[6]陈伯贤,裘祖干,张慧生,流体润滑理论及其应用,北京:机械工业出版社,1991,1
[7]蒋立军,推力轴承三维瞬态热效应与非线性动力及热稳定性的研究,[博士学位论文],西安,西安交通大学,2000
[8] C.M.Ettles, A.Cameron,Consideration of Flow Across a Bearing Groove, ASME Journal of Lubrication Technology,1968,90
[9] C.M.Ettles., Size Effects in Tilting Pad Thrust Bearing, Wear,1980,59:231~245
[10]陈志澜,巨型推力轴承的三维热弹流动力润滑性能研究,[博士学位论文],西安,西安交通大学,1998
[11]P.B.Neal,Some Factors Influencing the Operating Temperature of Pad Thrust Bearing,Thermal Effects in Tribology,1979
[12]C.M.Ettles , The Development of a Generalized Computer Analysis for Sectorshaped Tilting Pad Thrust Bearing, Trans.ASLE,1975,19
[13]C.M.Ettles,H.G.Anderson,Three-dimensional Thermoelastic Solution of Thrust Bearing Using Code Marmacl,Journal of Tribology,1991,113
[14]C.M.Ettles,Some Factors Affecting the Design of spring Supported Thrust Bearing in Hydroelectric Generators,Trans.ASME,1991,113
[15]K.W.Kim,M.Tanaka,A Three-Dimensional Analysis of Thermohydrodynamic Performance of Sector-Shaped Tilting-Pad Thrust Bearings,Trans,ASME,July,1983,105
[16]李忠,李自新,推力轴承二维流动油膜中的温度因子分析,机械科学与技术,2004,23(8):999~1000,1004
[17]Cz.M.Rodkiewicz,K.M.Kim,J.S.Kennedy,On the Significance of the Inlet Pressure Build-up in the Design of Tilting-Pad Bearings,Journal of Tribology,Jan.,1990,112
[18]H.C.Ha,H.J.Kim,K.W.Kim,Inlet Pressure Effects on the Thermohydrodynamic Pad Bearings Subjected to Inlet Pressure Build-up,Trans.ASME,July,1991,113
[19]H.Hashimoto,S.Wada,Turbulent Lubrication of Tilting-Pad Thrust Bearing with Thermal and Elastic Deformations,Trans.ASME,1985,107
[20]S.M.Rohde,K.P.Oh,A Thermoelastohydrodynamic Analysis of a Finite Slider Bearing,Trans.ASME,1975
[21]C.M.Ettles,Solutions for Flow in a Bearing Groove,Proc.Inst.Mech.Engrs,1968
[22]黄瑛,浅谈推力轴承的几种支承形式,水电站机电技术,2000,3:18~21
[23]王初铭,大型推力轴承的支承结构,国外大电机,1996,1:1~13
[24]余恪三,水轮发电机推力轴承支撑结构和原理探讨,水电站机电技术,1996,1:1~7
[25]吴朝,王文,陈晓阳等,推力轴承支承方式及间隙影响研究,润滑与密封,2006,5:130~131,145
[26]罗正平,弹簧束支承德塑料瓦推力轴承,东方电机,2003,31(2):103~107
[27]武中德,大型水轮发电机推力轴承热弹流润滑性能研究:[硕士学位论文],哈尔滨;哈尔滨工业大学,2001
[28]池长青,流体力学润滑,北京:国防工业出版社,1998
[29]杨沛然,流体润滑数值分析,北京:国防工业出版社,1998
[30]温诗铸,摩擦学原理,北京:清华大学出版社,1990
[31]温诗铸,润滑理论研究的进展与思考,摩擦学学报,2007,27(6):497~501
[32]董浚修,润滑原理及润滑油,北京:中国石化出版社,1998,27
[33]温诗铸,杨沛然,弹性流体动力润滑,北京:清华大学出版社,1992
[34]有限差分法求解二维电位函数的matlab程序设计及分析
[35]刘素梅,刘惠梅,一种简化雷诺方程的数值求解方法,中北大学学报,2006,27(32):165~167
[36]吴德龄马进,弹性变形对滑动轴承工作性能的影响,北京工业大学学报,1989,18(4):66~72
[37]段芳莉,韦云隆,弹性变形对径向轴承弹流润滑性能的影响,润滑与密封,2000,6:28~29
[38] Conway H.D,Lee,H.C,The Analysis of the Lubrication of a Flexible Journal Bearing, ASME Journal Of Lubrication Technology,1976,98:599~604
[39]Koclnir,D,Shllnikov,E.P., An Investigation in the Field of Elastohydrodynamics, ASME Journal of Lubrication Technology,1976,98, 491~499
[40]楼志文,陈瀚,马晓士,弹性流体动力润滑理论有限元解,西安交通大学学报,1979,2:75~85
[41]杨建军,安琦,杨剑等,滑动轴承弹性变形的耦合算法研究,机械科学与技术,2004,23(9):1044~1046
[42]陈伟,何飞,温卫东,基于结构参数化的有限元分析方法,机械科学与技术,2003
[43]孙玉国,刘巡,基于APDL的柔性结构动态特性智能设计研究,噪声与振动控制,2003
[44]黎学芬,黄菊花,饶进军,基于PFEA法的板料成形工艺参数优化,金属成形工艺,2003
[45]博弈创作室,ANSYS9.0经典产品高级分析技术与实例详解,北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005,1
[46]王欣欣,李金保,关于由邻接矩阵求可达性矩阵的方法,吉林化工学院学报,2005,22(4):89-94.
[47]任重,ANSYS实用分析教程,北京:北京大学出版社,2003,1~42
[48]李黎明,ANSYS有限元分析实用教程,北京:清华大学出版社,2005,1~29
[49]刘坤,ANSYS有限元分析方法精解,北京:国防工业出版社,2005,1~31
[50]博弈创作室,ANSYS 9.0经典产品基础教程与实例详解,北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006,2~20
[51]龚曙光,谢桂兰,ANSYS操作命令与参数化编程,北京:机械工业出版社,2004,1~9
[52]刘恩涛,赵耀峰,Visual Basic 6.0编程技巧与实例分析,北京:中国水利水电出版社,1999,121~377
[53]郭琦,Visual Basics数据库系统开发技术,北京:人民邮电出版社,2003
[54]博弈创作室,ANSYS 9.0经典产品基础教程与实例详解,北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006,10~20
[55]顿月芹,孔宇,基于VB调用ANSYS与MATLAB的电机电磁场计算,设计分析,2006,2:11~13
[56]蔡忠云,集装箱船参数化有限元分析模块的研究与应用,武汉:武汉理工大学,2004
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