新型2kW小型永磁风力发电机设计
摘要
随着人类对能源的需求日趋增大,而如石油、煤等非可再生能源日益枯竭。寻求新能源的利用和开发迫在眉睫。风能凭借其无污染,可循环利用等优点受到世界各国的重视。本文针对现有的小型风力发电机结构存在的不足,设计了一种新型结构的小型风力发电机结构。主要研究结果如下:
1.分析现有永磁发电机的结构特点,结合这些特点设计了一种新型外转子式永磁发电机。此种发电机专用于小型风力发电,其功率为2kW。
该发电机属于低速电机,可以直接与叶片相连,省去了传统的调速装置。
2.利用直接磁路计算法计算出发电机的主要尺寸和输出电压,为了寻求发电机最优尺寸,把计算中设计的参数综合组合。选取最优的一组,其输出电压为51.96V,与预定指标之间的误差为3.92%。根据这组数据所得到的电机结构,重量约为50～70kg,较市面上常见的2kW风力发电机轻(青岛风王发电机有限公司FD4.0-2kW型重量为120kg)。
使用函数E_0=f(σ,L_2,W,δ)来描述设计参数和输出电压之间的关系,在其它变量保持不变的情况下,输出电压E_0和W同向变化,E_0和L_2、σ反向变化,小范围变化δ对E_0影响不大。
分析了发电机在不同风速下工作的空载状态,找出了输出电压和风速之间的关系。通过分析外特性曲线,推导出负载输出电压和风速之间的关系。
3.利用ANSYS有限元软件对设计的发电机进行电磁场分析,结果表明,所设计的发电机气隙磁密分布为均匀分布,气隙磁密BX分量波形为矩形波,保证了输出的电压近似为正弦波形。通过两种方法分析了发电机的电磁场,分析结果和计算结果之间的误差分别为5.06%,9.18%。
4.利用ANSYS有限元软件分析了所设计的发电机支承轴和转子后壳的结构强度,结果表明在最恶劣工况下,支承轴和转子后壳的复合应力远小于材料的屈服强度,发电机结构的稳定性良好。通过改变轴的尺寸,利用ANSYS得出同类结构小型风力发电机支承轴的最小安全轴径应不小于38mm。对转子后壳所做的优化分析,有效减少转子的重量达到44.02%。
5.根据设计的数据绘制出整个发电机的零件图以及装配图,并编写好用于定子矽钢片冲片的线切割程序,图纸及线切割程序可直接用于产品制造。
As the demand for energy is bigger and bigger,but some kinds of energy have become dried up,such as petroleum and coal etc.It's greatly urgent to find some new kinds of energy.Due to some excellences,as no-pollute,circularable using etc.wind power has been regarded by many countries.There are some shortcoming about the small wind turbine which been used nowadays,so this paper has design a new structure motor.The main results achieved are as following:
1.Analysing the strongpoints and shortcomings of the small wind permanent magnet motor,Learn from others's strong points to offset one's weakness.Design a new out-rotor permanent magnet motor.Its power is 2kW.
This motor is a low velocity motor,it can be link with the brade directly and there is no actiyator in it.
2.Using the traditional calculation to calculate the primary dimensions and the parameters.Modify the parameters and get several groups of result and choice one best group Then,confirm the dimensions and the parameters.The output voltage is 51.96V,error is 3.92%.The weight of the motor is about 50-70kg and is small than other 2kW small wind tuibine which can be found in the market(using the product of the Qing Dao Feng Wang Wind Power Ltd.as a example).
Using the function E_0 = f(σ,L_2,W,δ)to describe the relationship between the parameters and the output voltage.The paper has analysed the variational rule of the function.When other parameters don't change,the E_0 will have the same variation direction as the L_2、W and the reverse variation direction as the σ.Small range variation of theδwill not influence the output voltage too big.
Analysing the unloading state of the motor when it works under differents wind velocity,then find out the relationship between the E_0 and theν.After this,having found the function about the relationship between U andνby the outer character curve.
3.Using ANSYS to analyse the electromagnetic field.The results shows that the magnetic flux of the air gap is proportional distributing.The magnetic flux wave of the air gap is approximate a rectangular wave and the output voltage wave will be a sine wave
Using two methods analysis the motor,the erros between the calculational result and the analytic results are 5.06%and 9.18%.
4.Using ANSYS to analyse the supporting axle and the rotor back shell, Insureing when the wind turbine works under the worst condition--hurricane, the motor well works.In addition,this paper has got the smallest safe diameter of the similar small wind tuibine by changing the dimension,the smallest safe diameter must bigger than 38mm.The paper has optimized the dimension of the back shell and decreased the weight by 44.02%.
5.Using Auto CAD to draw the blueprints of the motor and program for the linear cut of the stator.All the blueprints the program can use to produce.
1.分析现有永磁发电机的结构特点,结合这些特点设计了一种新型外转子式永磁发电机。此种发电机专用于小型风力发电,其功率为2kW。
该发电机属于低速电机,可以直接与叶片相连,省去了传统的调速装置。
2.利用直接磁路计算法计算出发电机的主要尺寸和输出电压,为了寻求发电机最优尺寸,把计算中设计的参数综合组合。选取最优的一组,其输出电压为51.96V,与预定指标之间的误差为3.92%。根据这组数据所得到的电机结构,重量约为50～70kg,较市面上常见的2kW风力发电机轻(青岛风王发电机有限公司FD4.0-2kW型重量为120kg)。
使用函数E_0=f(σ,L_2,W,δ)来描述设计参数和输出电压之间的关系,在其它变量保持不变的情况下,输出电压E_0和W同向变化,E_0和L_2、σ反向变化,小范围变化δ对E_0影响不大。
分析了发电机在不同风速下工作的空载状态,找出了输出电压和风速之间的关系。通过分析外特性曲线,推导出负载输出电压和风速之间的关系。
3.利用ANSYS有限元软件对设计的发电机进行电磁场分析,结果表明,所设计的发电机气隙磁密分布为均匀分布,气隙磁密BX分量波形为矩形波,保证了输出的电压近似为正弦波形。通过两种方法分析了发电机的电磁场,分析结果和计算结果之间的误差分别为5.06%,9.18%。
4.利用ANSYS有限元软件分析了所设计的发电机支承轴和转子后壳的结构强度,结果表明在最恶劣工况下,支承轴和转子后壳的复合应力远小于材料的屈服强度,发电机结构的稳定性良好。通过改变轴的尺寸,利用ANSYS得出同类结构小型风力发电机支承轴的最小安全轴径应不小于38mm。对转子后壳所做的优化分析,有效减少转子的重量达到44.02%。
5.根据设计的数据绘制出整个发电机的零件图以及装配图,并编写好用于定子矽钢片冲片的线切割程序,图纸及线切割程序可直接用于产品制造。
As the demand for energy is bigger and bigger,but some kinds of energy have become dried up,such as petroleum and coal etc.It's greatly urgent to find some new kinds of energy.Due to some excellences,as no-pollute,circularable using etc.wind power has been regarded by many countries.There are some shortcoming about the small wind turbine which been used nowadays,so this paper has design a new structure motor.The main results achieved are as following:
1.Analysing the strongpoints and shortcomings of the small wind permanent magnet motor,Learn from others's strong points to offset one's weakness.Design a new out-rotor permanent magnet motor.Its power is 2kW.
This motor is a low velocity motor,it can be link with the brade directly and there is no actiyator in it.
2.Using the traditional calculation to calculate the primary dimensions and the parameters.Modify the parameters and get several groups of result and choice one best group Then,confirm the dimensions and the parameters.The output voltage is 51.96V,error is 3.92%.The weight of the motor is about 50-70kg and is small than other 2kW small wind tuibine which can be found in the market(using the product of the Qing Dao Feng Wang Wind Power Ltd.as a example).
Using the function E_0 = f(σ,L_2,W,δ)to describe the relationship between the parameters and the output voltage.The paper has analysed the variational rule of the function.When other parameters don't change,the E_0 will have the same variation direction as the L_2、W and the reverse variation direction as the σ.Small range variation of theδwill not influence the output voltage too big.
Analysing the unloading state of the motor when it works under differents wind velocity,then find out the relationship between the E_0 and theν.After this,having found the function about the relationship between U andνby the outer character curve.
3.Using ANSYS to analyse the electromagnetic field.The results shows that the magnetic flux of the air gap is proportional distributing.The magnetic flux wave of the air gap is approximate a rectangular wave and the output voltage wave will be a sine wave
Using two methods analysis the motor,the erros between the calculational result and the analytic results are 5.06%and 9.18%.
4.Using ANSYS to analyse the supporting axle and the rotor back shell, Insureing when the wind turbine works under the worst condition--hurricane, the motor well works.In addition,this paper has got the smallest safe diameter of the similar small wind tuibine by changing the dimension,the smallest safe diameter must bigger than 38mm.The paper has optimized the dimension of the back shell and decreased the weight by 44.02%.
5.Using Auto CAD to draw the blueprints of the motor and program for the linear cut of the stator.All the blueprints the program can use to produce.
引文
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[3]Greenpeace.THE GLOBAL MARKET STATUS OF WIND POWER.Wind Force 12 re port,June 2005:6-9
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[5]风力发电的产业化之困.嘹望新闻周刊,20049.13,(37):8-10
[6]李德孚.小型风力发电机组行业现状及展望.节能与环保,20024.30:29-32
[7]陈海镇.稀土永磁电机的发展.江苏机械制造与自动化,1996,(1):1-3
[8]梁华,李训铭,严登俊.稀土永磁同步电机优化设计分析.南京理工大学学保,2002.12,22:138-143
[9]李晓竹,冯宁,石敏惠.钕铁硼永磁同步电动机的设计及优化.辽宁工程大学学报,2003.6,22(3):360-361
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