九江斜拉主桥健康检测与评估试验研究
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摘要
荷载试验是一种重要的检测手段,可以为决策者对桥梁的承载能力做出科学地评估,提供有力、直观的依据,可以为新的结构、新的设计理论和新的施工工艺的发展与应用积累实践资料。九江大桥斜拉主桥为独塔斜拉桥,索塔采用塔梁墩固结体系,从桥面算起塔高81米,为H型带水平隔板的塔柱。本文以现代桥梁设计理论、有限元法、随机振动、振动测试与分析技术为理论基础,在总结有关桥梁的荷载试验方法的基础上,对九江斜拉主桥的荷载试验方法进行了研究和设计,具体开展了以下几方面的工作:
通过对九江斜拉主桥的理论分析,在保证荷载试验效果的前提下,确定试验的控制荷载和加载工况,将各种工况下结构控制截面的实际变形或者应力同理论计算值进行了比较,计算出结构的校验系数。根据计算得到的结构的校验系数,确定了该桥的实际承载能力。
桥梁结构的振动问题影响因素复杂,仅靠理论分析还不能满足工程应用的要求。为了测定该桥在动荷载作用下的真实情况,分别进行了跑车试验、刹车试验和跳车试验。根据控制断面在上述工况下的时程曲线图,分析确定了该桥的实际的冲击系数,并同理论设计时根据规范所取的冲击系数进行了比较。根据实测结果为公路管理、养护部门提出了有益的建议。
利用ANSYS软件建立了斜拉桥的空间有限元模型,并进行了理论上的模态分析,得到了该桥理论上的自振频率与振型。通过对实桥的脉动测试,分析确定了九江斜拉主桥实测的模态参数(包括振型、频率以及阻尼比)。实测结果与理论计算结果的对比表明:该桥具有良好的动力性能。根据九江大桥的结构特点,分析了产生这些振型的原因。
对斜拉桥的拉索在换索前及换索后的模态进行了测试,比较换索前后的模态试验结果,对桥梁的运营状况作进一步分析与判断。
Load test is an important testing method, which can provide advantageousa nd direct bases for administrators to evaluate carrying capacity of bridge. Especially for the new structure, bridge design theory and working technics it can provide valid actual datum. Jiujiang Bridge is a consolidation system of tower-girder-fursta with 81 meters high. Based on the method of modern bridge design, infinite element, random vibration, and vibration testing and analysis technology this paper studies and designs the load test plan of Jiujiang Cable-stayed Bridge by summarizing the load test plans of some concerned bridges.
Through the the oretical analys is of Jiujiang bridge, this paper makes sure the controlling load and loading case under the condition of ensuring the load test efficiency. According to the results of comparison between the actual value and the theoretical value of the controlling section this paper makes clear the actual carrying capacity of bridge.
The problem of bridge vibration is very complicated and the analysis in theory still can not meet the requirement of the engineering application. In order to test the actual condition when the bridge is forced by dynamical load, running test, braking test and jumping test are carried out respectively. According to the time-travel curve under the cases above-mentioned, the actual figure of impact coefficient comes out. At the same time this paper compares it with that in theory and brings forward beneficial advices for the road managing and maintaining department.
Theoretical mode analysis is made by establishing the dimensional infinite element model of Jiujiang Bridge with ANSYS software, thus natural vibration frequency and mode shape of Jiujiang Bridge theoretically are concluded. With pulsation measurement method this paper tests the actual mode parameters (including mode shape, natural vibration frequency andd ampingr atio). The comparison between actual results and those in theory indicatesth at this bridge is qualified with satisfactory dynamical peculiarity. Furthermore, this paper analyses the causes that these mode shape lie in according to the structure characteristic of Jiujiang Bridge.
Mode analysis is also made before and after ranging cables and the condition of Jiujiang Bridge are summarized further by comparing the testing results.
通过对九江斜拉主桥的理论分析,在保证荷载试验效果的前提下,确定试验的控制荷载和加载工况,将各种工况下结构控制截面的实际变形或者应力同理论计算值进行了比较,计算出结构的校验系数。根据计算得到的结构的校验系数,确定了该桥的实际承载能力。
桥梁结构的振动问题影响因素复杂,仅靠理论分析还不能满足工程应用的要求。为了测定该桥在动荷载作用下的真实情况,分别进行了跑车试验、刹车试验和跳车试验。根据控制断面在上述工况下的时程曲线图,分析确定了该桥的实际的冲击系数,并同理论设计时根据规范所取的冲击系数进行了比较。根据实测结果为公路管理、养护部门提出了有益的建议。
利用ANSYS软件建立了斜拉桥的空间有限元模型,并进行了理论上的模态分析,得到了该桥理论上的自振频率与振型。通过对实桥的脉动测试,分析确定了九江斜拉主桥实测的模态参数(包括振型、频率以及阻尼比)。实测结果与理论计算结果的对比表明:该桥具有良好的动力性能。根据九江大桥的结构特点,分析了产生这些振型的原因。
对斜拉桥的拉索在换索前及换索后的模态进行了测试,比较换索前后的模态试验结果,对桥梁的运营状况作进一步分析与判断。
Load test is an important testing method, which can provide advantageousa nd direct bases for administrators to evaluate carrying capacity of bridge. Especially for the new structure, bridge design theory and working technics it can provide valid actual datum. Jiujiang Bridge is a consolidation system of tower-girder-fursta with 81 meters high. Based on the method of modern bridge design, infinite element, random vibration, and vibration testing and analysis technology this paper studies and designs the load test plan of Jiujiang Cable-stayed Bridge by summarizing the load test plans of some concerned bridges.
Through the the oretical analys is of Jiujiang bridge, this paper makes sure the controlling load and loading case under the condition of ensuring the load test efficiency. According to the results of comparison between the actual value and the theoretical value of the controlling section this paper makes clear the actual carrying capacity of bridge.
The problem of bridge vibration is very complicated and the analysis in theory still can not meet the requirement of the engineering application. In order to test the actual condition when the bridge is forced by dynamical load, running test, braking test and jumping test are carried out respectively. According to the time-travel curve under the cases above-mentioned, the actual figure of impact coefficient comes out. At the same time this paper compares it with that in theory and brings forward beneficial advices for the road managing and maintaining department.
Theoretical mode analysis is made by establishing the dimensional infinite element model of Jiujiang Bridge with ANSYS software, thus natural vibration frequency and mode shape of Jiujiang Bridge theoretically are concluded. With pulsation measurement method this paper tests the actual mode parameters (including mode shape, natural vibration frequency andd ampingr atio). The comparison between actual results and those in theory indicatesth at this bridge is qualified with satisfactory dynamical peculiarity. Furthermore, this paper analyses the causes that these mode shape lie in according to the structure characteristic of Jiujiang Bridge.
Mode analysis is also made before and after ranging cables and the condition of Jiujiang Bridge are summarized further by comparing the testing results.
引文
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[7]Johnson E A,Lam HK,KatafygiotisL,et al.Alienchmark problem for structural health monitoring and damaged etection.Proceedings of the14th ASC Eengineering mechanics conference.Texas,2000
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[9]黄方林,王学敏,陈政清等,大型桥梁健康监测研究进展[J].中国铁道科学,2005,26(3).
[10]韩大建,谢峻.大跨度桥梁健康监测技术的近期研究进展[J].桥梁建设,2002,6:69)73.
[11]张启伟,袁万城,范立础.大型桥梁结构安全监测的研究现状与发展[J].同济大学学报,1997,25(增刊):76-81.
[12]袁万城,崔飞,张启伟.桥梁健康监测与状态评估的研究现状与发展[J].同济大学学报,1999,27(2):184-188.
[13]崔飞,杨党旗,高岩.梁体结构损伤识别的样条函数方法[J].中国铁道科学,2003,24(5):52)55.
[14]陈伟,瞿伟廉,姜正国.人工神经网络技术在结构损伤诊断中的应用[J].世界地震工程,2002,18(1):146-149.
[15]吴大宏,赵人达.基于遗传算法与神经网络的桥梁结构健康监测系统研究初探[J].四川建筑科学研究,2002,28(3):4-6.
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[19]Chueng M S,Tadros G S,Brown T G,e ta l.Field monitoring and research on the Confe d ration Bridge.Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering,1997,24(6):951-962
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[21]夏晓梅.现代混凝土桥梁结构检测方法研究.合肥工业大学硕士学位论文,2001.
[22]谢开仲,曾悼信,王晓燕.桥梁工程检测技术研究.广西大学学报增刊(自然科学版),2003(6).
[23]O.S.Salawu.Detection of structural damage through changes in frequency:a review.Engineering Structures,Vol.19 No.9,pp71807 23,1 997
[24]Gardner-Morse,M.G.and Huston D.R.Modali dentification of cable stayed pedestrian bridge. Journal of Structural Engineering,ASCE,Vol.119 No.1,pp 3384-3404,1993
[25]徐日旭,王博仪,赵家奎,桥梁检验,北京:人民交通出版社,1984
[26]刘自明,王邦媚,桥梁工程检测手册(第一版),北京:人民交通出版社,2002
[27]谌润水,胡钊芳.公路桥梁荷载试验.北京:人民交通出版社,2003.
[28]交通部科学研究所.大跨径混凝土桥梁试验方法.北京:人民交通出版社,1982.
[29]徐日昶.结构振动测试.哈尔滨:东北林业大学出版社,1993:235-248
[30]吉林,冯兆祥.江阴大桥动静载试验与分析.华东公路,2001(1):36-38
[31]交通部规划研究院.公路旧桥承载能力鉴定方法.北京:人民交通出版社,1988.
[32]谌润水,胡钊芳.公路桥梁荷载试验.北京:人民交通出版社,2003.
[33]戴公连,李德建.桥梁结构空间分析设计方法与应用.北京:人民交通出版社,2001.
[34]章关永,桥梁结构试验(第一版),北京:人民交通出版社,2002
[35]杨景义,王信义,试验模态分析(第一版),北京:北京理工大学出版社,1990
[36]方远翎,陈安宁,董卫平,振动模态分析技术(第一版),北京:国防工业出版社,1993
[37]王春芬.宝中线颉河六号大桥振动测试分析[].兰铁道学院学报,2002,18(3):22-24.
[38]郭向荣,曾庆元.高速铁路结合桥梁与列车系统振分析模型.华中理工学报,2003,28(3):62-66.
[39]杨学志.传感器研究及桥梁自振特性测试.动!测试与诊断,1999,6(2):51-56.
[40]李德葆,振动模态分析及其应用(第一版),北京:宇航出版社,1989
[41]李国强,李杰,工程结构动力检测理论与应用(第一版),北京:科学出版社,2002
[42]Allman D.1.A compatible trianglar element including vertex rotations for elasticitly aria ly sis.Com putersa ndS tructures.vol-19,1984:1-8
[43]Kato M.And Shimada S.Vibration of PC bridge during failure process,Journal of Structural Engineering,ASCE,Vol.112 No.7,p1692-1703,1986
[44]韩之江,桥梁结构脉动测试分析及应用,山西交通科技,2002,148(2),48-50
[45]李桂花,许士斌,吴晓媛,时战,白水源,大型桥梁动力特性检测方法,应用力学学报,1996,13(1),48-53
[46]Cook R.D.On the allman triangle and a related quadrilateral element.Computers and Structu res.vol-22.1986:1065-1067
[47]徐良,江见鲸,过靖郡。广州虎门大桥悬索桥的模态分析。土木工程学报,35(1),2002(2):25-27
[48]郑凯峰,夏招广,佘川。宜昌长江公路大桥悬索桥动力试验和计算研究.中国铁道科学,23(5),2002:101-107
[49]John C.Wilson And Tao Liu.Ambient Vibration Measurements On A Cable-Stayed Bridge [J].Earthquake Engineering And Structural Dynamics,1991,20:723-747
[50]J.Y.Meng,E.M.L ui,Y.Liu.Dynamicre sponse Of Skew Highway Bridges.Journal of Earthquake Engineering.2001,5(2):205-223
[2]姜军.预应力混凝土斜拉桥检测评估与加固技术研究,西南大学硕士论文,2003.
[3]Housner,G.W.Be rgman,L.A.Ca ughey,T.K.et al.Structural control:past,present,and future.Journal of Engineering Mechanics,ASCE,1997,123(9)
[4]震万成,崔飞,张启伟.桥梁健康监测与状态评估的研究现状与发展.同济人学学报,1999,27(2).
[5]欧进萍.重大工程的智能监测与健康诊断[J].工程力学,2002,(增刊).
[6]张启伟.大型桥梁健康监测概念与监测系统设计[J].同济大学学报,2001,29(1).
[7]Johnson E A,Lam HK,KatafygiotisL,et al.Alienchmark problem for structural health monitoring and damaged etection.Proceedings of the14th ASC Eengineering mechanics conference.Texas,2000
[8]陈长征,等.结构损伤检测与智能诊断[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.
[9]黄方林,王学敏,陈政清等,大型桥梁健康监测研究进展[J].中国铁道科学,2005,26(3).
[10]韩大建,谢峻.大跨度桥梁健康监测技术的近期研究进展[J].桥梁建设,2002,6:69)73.
[11]张启伟,袁万城,范立础.大型桥梁结构安全监测的研究现状与发展[J].同济大学学报,1997,25(增刊):76-81.
[12]袁万城,崔飞,张启伟.桥梁健康监测与状态评估的研究现状与发展[J].同济大学学报,1999,27(2):184-188.
[13]崔飞,杨党旗,高岩.梁体结构损伤识别的样条函数方法[J].中国铁道科学,2003,24(5):52)55.
[14]陈伟,瞿伟廉,姜正国.人工神经网络技术在结构损伤诊断中的应用[J].世界地震工程,2002,18(1):146-149.
[15]吴大宏,赵人达.基于遗传算法与神经网络的桥梁结构健康监测系统研究初探[J].四川建筑科学研究,2002,28(3):4-6.
[16]Holland JH.Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems[M].Ann Arbor:The University of Michigan Press,1975.
[17]沙丽新,阮欣.桥梁结构健康检测与评估方法发展现状综述[J].青岛建筑工程学院学报,2003,24(4):19-22.
[18]兰海.大跨斜拉桥结构综合监测与评估系统.同济大学桥梁工程系博士学位论文,2000.
[19]Chueng M S,Tadros G S,Brown T G,e ta l.Field monitoring and research on the Confe d ration Bridge.Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering,1997,24(6):951-962
[20]连启滨.西陵长江大桥安全检测方法.东南大学硕士学位论文,2001.
[21]夏晓梅.现代混凝土桥梁结构检测方法研究.合肥工业大学硕士学位论文,2001.
[22]谢开仲,曾悼信,王晓燕.桥梁工程检测技术研究.广西大学学报增刊(自然科学版),2003(6).
[23]O.S.Salawu.Detection of structural damage through changes in frequency:a review.Engineering Structures,Vol.19 No.9,pp71807 23,1 997
[24]Gardner-Morse,M.G.and Huston D.R.Modali dentification of cable stayed pedestrian bridge. Journal of Structural Engineering,ASCE,Vol.119 No.1,pp 3384-3404,1993
[25]徐日旭,王博仪,赵家奎,桥梁检验,北京:人民交通出版社,1984
[26]刘自明,王邦媚,桥梁工程检测手册(第一版),北京:人民交通出版社,2002
[27]谌润水,胡钊芳.公路桥梁荷载试验.北京:人民交通出版社,2003.
[28]交通部科学研究所.大跨径混凝土桥梁试验方法.北京:人民交通出版社,1982.
[29]徐日昶.结构振动测试.哈尔滨:东北林业大学出版社,1993:235-248
[30]吉林,冯兆祥.江阴大桥动静载试验与分析.华东公路,2001(1):36-38
[31]交通部规划研究院.公路旧桥承载能力鉴定方法.北京:人民交通出版社,1988.
[32]谌润水,胡钊芳.公路桥梁荷载试验.北京:人民交通出版社,2003.
[33]戴公连,李德建.桥梁结构空间分析设计方法与应用.北京:人民交通出版社,2001.
[34]章关永,桥梁结构试验(第一版),北京:人民交通出版社,2002
[35]杨景义,王信义,试验模态分析(第一版),北京:北京理工大学出版社,1990
[36]方远翎,陈安宁,董卫平,振动模态分析技术(第一版),北京:国防工业出版社,1993
[37]王春芬.宝中线颉河六号大桥振动测试分析[].兰铁道学院学报,2002,18(3):22-24.
[38]郭向荣,曾庆元.高速铁路结合桥梁与列车系统振分析模型.华中理工学报,2003,28(3):62-66.
[39]杨学志.传感器研究及桥梁自振特性测试.动!测试与诊断,1999,6(2):51-56.
[40]李德葆,振动模态分析及其应用(第一版),北京:宇航出版社,1989
[41]李国强,李杰,工程结构动力检测理论与应用(第一版),北京:科学出版社,2002
[42]Allman D.1.A compatible trianglar element including vertex rotations for elasticitly aria ly sis.Com putersa ndS tructures.vol-19,1984:1-8
[43]Kato M.And Shimada S.Vibration of PC bridge during failure process,Journal of Structural Engineering,ASCE,Vol.112 No.7,p1692-1703,1986
[44]韩之江,桥梁结构脉动测试分析及应用,山西交通科技,2002,148(2),48-50
[45]李桂花,许士斌,吴晓媛,时战,白水源,大型桥梁动力特性检测方法,应用力学学报,1996,13(1),48-53
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