基于广义距离的大型桥梁状态评估研究
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摘要
随着社会进步和土木工程技术的发展,越来越多的大型桥梁得到修建,为确保使用安全性和耐久性达到预期目标,对其进行状态评估愈显重要。
本文主要研究基于广义距离的状态评估方法的应用以及利用主成分分析进行数据优化处理。具体内容如下:
(1)回顾了大型桥梁状态评估的发展现状,系统介绍了状态评估的基本思路、内容、理论基础以及在桥梁状态评估中的常用方法,总结了桥梁状态评估中的若干问题及发展方向。
(2)对列车活载过桥全过程进行了瞬态动力响应分析。将南京桥监测系统实测的列车轴重荷载作为一列匀速移动的集中活载作用在纵梁节点上,列车轴重作为质量单元加在南京桥纵梁相应节点上,在分析过程中将桥梁结构作为时变系统考虑。
(3)提出了基于广义距离的桥梁状态评估方法,对南京桥南京联运营状态进行状态评估。由层次分析方法对南京联各测点的权重进行了分析,基于MATLAB平台编制程序,对列车过桥过程中南京联的工作状态信息进行隶属度分析,评估其运营状态。
(4)鉴于大型桥梁监测数据冗杂,计算、评估需要很大工作量的情况,以南京联为例,利用主成分分析筛选变量的方法,对其监测数据进行处理,以最少的数据量来反映桥梁整体的状态,大大简化了评估工作,且数据处理前后的评估结果较为一致,验证了主成分分析的有效性。
(5)利用ANSYS软件对南京联做了仿真分析,模拟其杆件损伤后的运营状态,并利用本文提出的方法对其进行评估,结果表明基于广义距离的评估方法能有效的反映桥梁的运营状态,是一种可行的评估方法。
With the advancement of society and the development of civil engineering techniques, more and more large bridges have been constructed. In order to ensure the security and endurance match expectable objective, health monitoring and condition assessment for large bridges is more significant than ever.
The work in this thesis is focused on a condition assessment based on generalized distance and processing the data by principal component analysis (PCA) method. The main contents are detailed as following:
(1) Review state of arts of the condition assessment of large bridges. The essential ideas, contents, theory elements of the condition assessment and common method used in bridge condition assessment are systematically introduced. The problems and development trends of the condition assessment of the bridges are summarized.
(2) Complete transient dynamic analysis in the whole course of train's passing through, after programming the measured train axle loads from Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge (NYRB) monitoring system to the nodes of longitudinal girder as a set of moving concentration loads with constant velocity, and the train axle weight as mass element on the corresponding nodes. The calculation model of NYRB is considered as a time-varying system in the course of analysis.
(3) Based on the generalized distance propose a condition assessment method for the overall evaluation of NYRB. The weights of measured points of Nanjing bank are evaluated by utilizing analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Based on the platform of MATLAB, the working condition information of the Nanjing unite is to be analyzed by the degree of membership so as to evaluate the working condition.
(4) Calculation and evaluation need a large amount of work because of so much monitoring data for a large bridge. Taking Nanjing unite as an example, PCA can be used to process the monitoring data and obtain the condition of the whole bridge with the least data information so as to simplify evaluation work. Comparing with the results before and after data processing, the obtained evaluation results are consistent. So, this method is effective.
(5) Utilize ANSYS software to make simulation analysis of Nanjing unite on the assumption of some members damaged. Then the condition of Nanjing unite is evaluated by using the method proposed in this thesis. The results show that the condition assessment method based on the generalized distance can effectively reflect the working condition of bridge, and is a feasible method of condition assessment.
本文主要研究基于广义距离的状态评估方法的应用以及利用主成分分析进行数据优化处理。具体内容如下:
(1)回顾了大型桥梁状态评估的发展现状,系统介绍了状态评估的基本思路、内容、理论基础以及在桥梁状态评估中的常用方法,总结了桥梁状态评估中的若干问题及发展方向。
(2)对列车活载过桥全过程进行了瞬态动力响应分析。将南京桥监测系统实测的列车轴重荷载作为一列匀速移动的集中活载作用在纵梁节点上,列车轴重作为质量单元加在南京桥纵梁相应节点上,在分析过程中将桥梁结构作为时变系统考虑。
(3)提出了基于广义距离的桥梁状态评估方法,对南京桥南京联运营状态进行状态评估。由层次分析方法对南京联各测点的权重进行了分析,基于MATLAB平台编制程序,对列车过桥过程中南京联的工作状态信息进行隶属度分析,评估其运营状态。
(4)鉴于大型桥梁监测数据冗杂,计算、评估需要很大工作量的情况,以南京联为例,利用主成分分析筛选变量的方法,对其监测数据进行处理,以最少的数据量来反映桥梁整体的状态,大大简化了评估工作,且数据处理前后的评估结果较为一致,验证了主成分分析的有效性。
(5)利用ANSYS软件对南京联做了仿真分析,模拟其杆件损伤后的运营状态,并利用本文提出的方法对其进行评估,结果表明基于广义距离的评估方法能有效的反映桥梁的运营状态,是一种可行的评估方法。
With the advancement of society and the development of civil engineering techniques, more and more large bridges have been constructed. In order to ensure the security and endurance match expectable objective, health monitoring and condition assessment for large bridges is more significant than ever.
The work in this thesis is focused on a condition assessment based on generalized distance and processing the data by principal component analysis (PCA) method. The main contents are detailed as following:
(1) Review state of arts of the condition assessment of large bridges. The essential ideas, contents, theory elements of the condition assessment and common method used in bridge condition assessment are systematically introduced. The problems and development trends of the condition assessment of the bridges are summarized.
(2) Complete transient dynamic analysis in the whole course of train's passing through, after programming the measured train axle loads from Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge (NYRB) monitoring system to the nodes of longitudinal girder as a set of moving concentration loads with constant velocity, and the train axle weight as mass element on the corresponding nodes. The calculation model of NYRB is considered as a time-varying system in the course of analysis.
(3) Based on the generalized distance propose a condition assessment method for the overall evaluation of NYRB. The weights of measured points of Nanjing bank are evaluated by utilizing analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Based on the platform of MATLAB, the working condition information of the Nanjing unite is to be analyzed by the degree of membership so as to evaluate the working condition.
(4) Calculation and evaluation need a large amount of work because of so much monitoring data for a large bridge. Taking Nanjing unite as an example, PCA can be used to process the monitoring data and obtain the condition of the whole bridge with the least data information so as to simplify evaluation work. Comparing with the results before and after data processing, the obtained evaluation results are consistent. So, this method is effective.
(5) Utilize ANSYS software to make simulation analysis of Nanjing unite on the assumption of some members damaged. Then the condition of Nanjing unite is evaluated by using the method proposed in this thesis. The results show that the condition assessment method based on the generalized distance can effectively reflect the working condition of bridge, and is a feasible method of condition assessment.
引文
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[26]黄方林,王学敏,陈政清等.大型桥梁健康监测研究进展.中国铁道科学,2005,26(2):1-7
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[28]史家钧,项海帆,许俊.确保大型桥梁安全性与耐久性的综合监测系统.同济大学学报,1997,25(增刊):71-75
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[35]张谢东,郭慧光,耿波.大跨径桥梁的安全监测方法及发展趋势.交通科技,2003,(2):1-3
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[2]韩大建,谢峻.大跨度桥梁健康监测技术的近期研究进展.桥梁建设,2002(6):69-73
[3]李亚东.既有桥梁评估初探.桥梁建设,1997(3):18-21
[4]Moses F.Bridge capacity assessment and control of posting,permit and legal vehicle loads.In:Hating E J,eds.London:Bridge Management,Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd.,1990.405-415
[5]Wallbank E J.Performance of Concrete in Bridge-a study of 200 trunk road bridges.London:HMSO,1990
[6]Mallett,G.P.,Repair of Concrete Bridges,TRL,Thomas Telford,London,1994
[7]扬文渊,徐合编.桥梁维修与加固.人民交通出版社,1989
[8]刘世柱.铁路钢筋混凝土梁综合治理探讨.桥梁建设,1996(1):49-58
[9]李宏男,李东升.土木工程结构安全性评估、健康监测及诊断述评.地震工程与工程振动,2002,22(3):82-90
[10]Housner G W.etal.Structural Control:Past,Present,and Future.ASCE,Journal of Engineering Mechanics,1997,123(9):897-971
[11]Stephanie A.etal.Computational Study on Plate Damage Identification.NDE for Health Monitoring and Diagnostics,San Diego:2002,4702-4717
[12]寇晓峰,柏鹏,王庆波.浅谈旧桥承载能力可靠性评估.黑龙江交通科技,2001(6):39-40
[13]赵国藩,金伟良,贡金鑫.结构可靠度理论.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2000
[14]孙光亮.多层次综合评判模型及其应用.系统工程,1996,14(2):64-67
[15]王有志,徐鸿儒,任锋.钢筋混凝土梁式桥的安全性评估系统研究与开发.公路交通科技,2002,19(1):51-54
[16]赵振宇,徐用懋.模糊理论和神经网络的基础与应用.北京:清华大学出版社,1996,19-31
[17]王永平,张宝银,张树仁.桥梁使用性能模糊评估专家系统.中国公路学报,1996,9(2):62-67
[18]袁曾任.人工神经元网络及其应用.北京:清华大学出版社,1999.53-58
[19]张建仁,刘扬,许福友.结构可靠度理论及其在桥梁工程中的应用.北京:人民交通出版社,2003.61-77
[20]贡金鑫,赵国藩.结构体系可靠度分析中的最小方差抽样.上海学,1996,17(3):245-252
[21]Mrria Vila D,Gomez R,King C.Dynamic structural properties of cable stayed Tampico Bridge.Journal of Structural Engineering,ASCE,1991,117(11):3396-3416
[22]Yroll F,Dibiagio E.Instrumentation for monitoring the Skamsunder Cable-stayed Bridge.In:Jon Krokeborg,eds.Proceedings of the Third Symposium on Strait Crossing.Rotterdam:Balke ma,1994.207-215
[23]张启伟,袁万城,范立础.大型桥梁结构安全监测的研究现状与发展.同济大学学报,1997,25(增刊):76-81
[24]李爱群,缪长青,李兆霞等.润扬长江大桥结构健康监测系统研究.东南大学学报,2003,33(5):544-548
[25]李兆霞,李爱群,陈鸿天等.大跨桥梁结构以健康监测和状态评估为目标的有限元模拟.东南大学学报,2003,33(5):562-572
[26]黄方林,王学敏,陈政清等.大型桥梁健康监测研究进展.中国铁道科学,2005,26(2):1-7
[27]郭彤,李爱群,李兆霞等.大跨桥梁结构状态评估方法研究进展.东南大学学报,2004,34(5):699-704
[28]史家钧,项海帆,许俊.确保大型桥梁安全性与耐久性的综合监测系统.同济大学学报,1997,25(增刊):71-75
[29]Cornwell P J,Kam M K,Carlson B,etal.Comparative Study of Vibration-based Damage id Algorithms.Proceedings of 16~(th)International Modal Analysis Conference.Santa Barbara:1998.1710-1716.
[30]刘勇,康立山,陈毓屏.遗传算法.北京:科学出版社,1997
[31]Farrar C R,Duffey T A,Doebling S W,etal.A Statistical Pattern Recognition Paradigm for Vibration-Based Structural Health Monitoring[A].In:Structural Health Monitoring.Proceedings of the 2~(nd)International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring[C].Technomic Publishing,1999.764-773
[32]Sohn H,Fugate M L,Farrar C R.Continues structural monitoring using statistical process control.Proceedings of 18~(th)International Modal Analysis Conference.San Antonio,USA:2000.660-667
[33]Taly.Narendra design of modem highway bridge.New York:The McGRAW-HILL Companies,1998
[34]崔飞,袁万城,史家钧.基于静态应变及位移测量的结构损伤识别法.同济大学学报,2000,28(1):5-8
[35]张谢东,郭慧光,耿波.大跨径桥梁的安全监测方法及发展趋势.交通科技,2003,(2):1-3
[36]郑绍珪,刘敬云.公路钢筋混凝土及预应力混凝土桥涵设计规范.JTJ023-85.北京:人民交通出版社,1989
[37]沈惠申,高峰.斜拉桥索塔的可靠性分析.中国公路学报,1994,7(4):40-43
[38]王惠文.用主成分分析法建立系统评估指数的限制条件浅析.系统工程理论与实践,1996,16(9):24-29
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