红掌愈伤组织和再生团块的发育及四倍体诱导
|
摘要
本文以红掌(Anthurium andraeanum)叶片和气生根根段为外植体,分别诱导产生愈伤组织和再生团块,并对其分化过程进行了细胞学和组织化学比较研究,旨在了解愈伤组织和再生团块分化过程中细胞学变化异同及糖类和蛋白质在愈伤组织衰老与再生团块发生发育过程中的变化。活性氧与愈伤组织和再生团块的分化关系尚不明确,本文探讨了愈伤组织和团块发育过程中细胞中超氧化物含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、总谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)活性和丙二醛含量变化,明确了其在愈伤组织和再生团块分化过程中与细胞衰老的关系。气生根来源的再生团块对秋水仙素敏感,本文以其材料,进行了秋水仙素诱导红掌四倍体的研究,这将为红掌四倍体和三倍体育种奠定基础。
1.红掌气生根根段再生快繁体系的建立
以红掌气生根根段为材料,诱导再生团块的产生,建立快繁系统。培养基1/2MS+6-BA 1.0mg·L-1+2，4-D 0.6 mg·L-1适于气生根的保持和繁殖,1/2 MS+6-BA 1.0mg·L-1+2.4-D0.2 mg·L-1适于诱导气生根再生团块产生,MS+6-BA 1.0 mg·L-1+2.4-D0.2 mg·L-1可使再生团块分化成苗。不论是愈伤组织,还是再生团块,出现绿色组织是分化所必需的。2,4-D、6-BA浓度及其适当比例、无机盐浓度在再生团块的诱导与分化成苗中起着重要作用。
2.叶片来源愈伤组织和气生根来源再生团块细胞学研究
叶片诱导所产生黄绿色、黄色和褐色3种愈伤组织的细胞核质比依次减小,细胞排列越来越疏松,细胞质变稀薄,细胞形态逐渐失去完整性,其中黄色和褐色愈伤组织细胞不断衰老最终死亡。气生根形态发生以间接器官发生为主,再生团块由气生根根段切口皮层细胞分裂和脱分化而来。再生团块内部有密集且分裂旺盛的小细胞团,其细胞为分化的原始组织,是分化产生不定芽的基础。小细胞团芽的分化发生方式属内起源,随着小细胞团的不断生长,外层细胞逐渐凋亡,最终使分化的芽突出再生团块再生成苗。再生团块的形态发生过程中,也偶见有少量胚状体产生。
3.愈伤组织和再生团块发育过程中糖和蛋白质的组织化学比较研究
糖的含量及其梯度变化是愈伤组织和再生团块分化的重要内在条件,蛋白质含量以及核形态是否完整是愈伤组织和再生团块分化的关键。以来源于叶片的4类愈伤组织(黄绿愈伤、深绿愈伤、金黄色愈伤和褐色愈伤)和来源于气生根的再生团块为材料,研究糖和蛋白质在愈伤组织衰老与再生团块发生发育过程中的变化。经石蜡切片PAS和汞溴酚兰组织化学染色观察发现，糖主要以颗粒状存在于愈伤组织细胞中,并有明显的围核现象,蛋白质主要集中于细胞核及其周围。在黄绿愈伤组织中,糖和蛋白质的含量从外向内显著减少；而深绿愈伤组织中梯度变化不明显。在金黄色愈伤组织中糖含量低且内外细胞间梯度小；在褐色愈伤组织中糖散乱分布。在金黄色愈伤组织中,蛋白质含量由外向内有不明显的梯度变化；在褐色愈伤组织中蛋白质则没有梯度变化。新生再生团块细胞中,糖和蛋白质含量高且由外向内梯度变化显著,再生团块膨大过程中,糖和蛋白质含量下降且内外层细胞间差异不显著。再生团块分化过程中,糖主要集中在分裂旺盛的分生细胞团和维管组织周围细胞中,蛋白质则集中于分生细胞团中。在各类愈伤组织和再生团块中均出现含有类似酚类物质的特化细胞。
4.愈伤组织和团块再生体系衰老指标比较研究
以愈伤组织再生体系的4种愈伤组织和气生根再生体系的再生团块为材料,比较了它们之间的超氧化物含量、保护酶活性及丙二醛水平的差异。结果表明：超氧化物含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均为黄绿愈伤组织最高,金黄愈伤组织和深绿愈伤组织居中、再生团块和褐色愈伤组织较低；总谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)活性以褐色愈伤组织最高,深绿、金黄和黄绿愈伤组织次之,再生团块最低；丙二醛(MDA)含量以金黄愈伤组织最高,褐色、黄绿和深绿愈伤组织次之,再生团块最低。再生团块分化能力最强,而其细胞中超氧化物含量、MDA含量均比4种愈伤组织低,这说明细胞中自由基含量和细胞膜脂过氧化与细胞分化有一定相关性。
5.秋水仙素离体诱导红掌‘亚利桑那’四倍体
红掌“亚利桑那”再生团块经不同浓度的秋水仙素(0.1，0.2,0.3%)分别处理3，5和7h,然后转入附加6-BA 3mg，L-1+2,4-D 0.2mg-L-1的MS培养基上。60天后,统计团块的成活率和再生苗数。0.3%和7 h处理组合显著降低了再生团块存活率,但是秋水仙素对再生团块的分化影响并不显著。所有处理的四倍体植株的诱导率在0.2%到7.6%。最佳诱导率为用0.3%,5h处理组合。四倍体叶片气孔比二倍体的大,但密度却低于二倍体。四倍体植株叶柄粗壮,叶厚且颜色深绿。同二倍体植株相比,佛焰苞更厚更大。四倍体群体中出现双佛焰苞或花梗矮化变异。同二倍体一样,四倍体也可通过气生根产生再生团块,此技术可用于四倍体快速繁殖。
Anthuriums are known as an exotic ornamental crop, they consists of about 1000 species, the Anthurium andraeanum is one of the major cultivated species and is grown for cut-flower and potted plant production. In it's Rapid Propagation of Anthurium andraeanum via callus culture has been established and used commercially, but this method has shortcoming in loss of ability to differentiation of callus after several subcultures and formation of off-types. In order to resolve the aforementioned problems, we investigated the possibility of producing regenrable mass via aerial root in it's and differentiation of masses. In addition, micro structural difference between different differentiation potential callus and masses were observed. and senescent index changes were also studied. The mass was sensitive to colchicines. therefore colchicines induced tetraploid were also tried in this paper.
1. Establishment of Rapid Propagation System of Anthurium andraeanum via aerial root in vitro
The induction of regenrable masses from aerial root were investigated, it was found that 2,4-D had very important effect to induce regenrable masses, and 2,4-D should cooperate with 6-BA. The green tissue was essential to differentiation. The mineral salt concentration of MS played an important role in regenrabole masses induction and differentiation. The 1/2MS medium supplement with 1.0 mg·L-1 6-BA and 0.6 mg·L-12,4-D was suitable to aerial root growth, the optimal induction medium was 1/2MS+6-BA1.0 mg·L-1+2,4-D0.2 mg·L-1 and the best medium for mass differentiation was MS+6-BA1.0 mg·L-1+2,4-D0.2 mg·L-1. The masses did not showed degradation phenomenon after continued reproduction.
2. Cytological Study on Callus of leaf and Regenrable Mass of Aerial Root in Anthurium andraeanum
In vitro morphogenesis of three leaf callus and regenrable masses from aerial root in Anthurium andraeanum'Arizona'were compared. It was showed that in the Kelly, yellow and brown callus, the karyoplasm ratio decrease in turn, cell arrangement became looser and looser, the shape of cell did not kept integrity. Some similar apoptotic bodies were appeared in some cells of yellow and brown callus. The morphogenesis of regenrable masses were indirect organogenesis. regenrable masses occurred from the cortex of aerial root ends. There were a lot of small and actively divided cell groups with dense nucleus in regenrable masses and meristic cells were originated from these cell groups indirect. With the proliferation of meristic cells and formation of bud primordium, the outer layer cells apoptosis gradually. Which led to bud emergence on the surface of masses. Organogenesis was the main morphogenesis pathway of masse, although a few embryoid morphogenesis was observed.
3. Histochemistry Studies on Callus of Leaf and Regenrable Mass of Aerial Root in Anthurium andraeanum
Four kinds of callus from leaf and Regenrable mass of aerial root in Anthurium andraeanum'Arizona'were studied by paraffin section and histochemical coloration. The results showed that the granular saccharide was mainly surrounding the nuclei. In the callus and regenrable mass protein was mainly in or around the nuclei. In kelly callus the levels of saccharide and protein decreased clearly from the outer layer of cells to the inner layer of cells. and in dark green callus the grads was unconspicuous. The contents of saccharidein and the even distribution was observed in the golden callus. The distribution of saccharide was dispersedly in the brown callus. The changes of protein were inconspicuous from the outer layer of cells to the inner layer of cells in the gold callus. However, grads of protein was little in the brown callus. There was also a visible grads of saccharide and protein when regenrable mass occurred, in the expending period of regenrable mass, the saccharide and protein were distribute evenly. In the differentiation stage of regenrable mass, the saccharide was concentrated in the cells which surrounded the dense small cell groups and the primary vascular tissue. The protein mainly concentrated in the nuclei of the cell groups. There were special cells in all types of callus and regenrable mass. The content and the grads of the saccharide and protein and the integration of the nuclei played important roles in the differentiation of callus and regenrable mass.
4. Comparative Studies on Senescent Index in Two Kinds of Regenerative System in Anthurium andraeaum
The superoxide and relative enzymes between different types of callus originated from leaves and regenerable mass from aerial roots were compared. It was showed that the orders of the levels of superoxide, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) from high to low were yellow green callus> golden callus>dark green callus> regenrable mass>brown callus. The highest activities of GPX (glutathione peroxidase) were appeared in brown callus, followed by dark green, yellow green callus, golden callus and regenrable mass For malondialdehyde (MDA), the highest contents were observed in golden callus, followed by brown callus, yellow green callus, dark green callus and RMB. It was demonstrated that the activities of SOD and CAT had synergistic effects in eliminating oxidative stress, and the higher activities of SOD and CAT in mass suggested their greater ability of eliminating oxidative stress. The enzyme activities of GPX in RMB were significantly lower than that in all callus, in other hand the activities of GPX were relatively lower in yellow green callus, the lower contents of super-oxides and MDA might be the results of higher antioxidant activities. In short, rapid propagation by regenrable mass had advantages over that by callus because of their higher anti-oxidant activities.
5. Induction of Anthurium andraeanum'Arizona'tetraploid by Colchicine in Vitro
Tetraploids plants of Anthurium andraeanum'Arizona'were successfully induced after treating diploid tissue masses with colchicine. Masses originating from diploid aerial roots were treated with colchicine at three different concentrations (i.e.,0.1.0.2,0.3%) for about 3,5 and 7h, and then were transferred into Murashige & Skoog medium containing 3 mg·L-1 6-BA+0.2 mg·L-1 2,4-D. After 60 days, the survival rate and numbers of regenerative shoots were scored. The high concentration and longer duration sharply reduced survival rate. In contrast. the regeneration of plantlets was not noticeably affected by colchicine. Tetraploid plants were obtained in all treatments, but the percentage of induced tetraploids ranged from 0.2% to 7.6%. The best induction was obtained with a 5-h. treatment with 0.3% colchicine. The stomatal size of tetraploid plants was larger than in diploid plants; however, the stomatal density was lower than in diploid plants. Tetraploid plants possessed stronger petioles, thicker and deeper green leaves, and thicker and longer lived spathes in comparison with diploid plants. Abnormal spathes, such as double spathes or those lacking pedicels, were observed in tetraploid plants. Tetraploid plantlets could be regenerated via aerial roots; this technique could be applied to tetraploid plant propagation.
1.红掌气生根根段再生快繁体系的建立
以红掌气生根根段为材料,诱导再生团块的产生,建立快繁系统。培养基1/2MS+6-BA 1.0mg·L-1+2，4-D 0.6 mg·L-1适于气生根的保持和繁殖,1/2 MS+6-BA 1.0mg·L-1+2.4-D0.2 mg·L-1适于诱导气生根再生团块产生,MS+6-BA 1.0 mg·L-1+2.4-D0.2 mg·L-1可使再生团块分化成苗。不论是愈伤组织,还是再生团块,出现绿色组织是分化所必需的。2,4-D、6-BA浓度及其适当比例、无机盐浓度在再生团块的诱导与分化成苗中起着重要作用。
2.叶片来源愈伤组织和气生根来源再生团块细胞学研究
叶片诱导所产生黄绿色、黄色和褐色3种愈伤组织的细胞核质比依次减小,细胞排列越来越疏松,细胞质变稀薄,细胞形态逐渐失去完整性,其中黄色和褐色愈伤组织细胞不断衰老最终死亡。气生根形态发生以间接器官发生为主,再生团块由气生根根段切口皮层细胞分裂和脱分化而来。再生团块内部有密集且分裂旺盛的小细胞团,其细胞为分化的原始组织,是分化产生不定芽的基础。小细胞团芽的分化发生方式属内起源,随着小细胞团的不断生长,外层细胞逐渐凋亡,最终使分化的芽突出再生团块再生成苗。再生团块的形态发生过程中,也偶见有少量胚状体产生。
3.愈伤组织和再生团块发育过程中糖和蛋白质的组织化学比较研究
糖的含量及其梯度变化是愈伤组织和再生团块分化的重要内在条件,蛋白质含量以及核形态是否完整是愈伤组织和再生团块分化的关键。以来源于叶片的4类愈伤组织(黄绿愈伤、深绿愈伤、金黄色愈伤和褐色愈伤)和来源于气生根的再生团块为材料,研究糖和蛋白质在愈伤组织衰老与再生团块发生发育过程中的变化。经石蜡切片PAS和汞溴酚兰组织化学染色观察发现，糖主要以颗粒状存在于愈伤组织细胞中,并有明显的围核现象,蛋白质主要集中于细胞核及其周围。在黄绿愈伤组织中,糖和蛋白质的含量从外向内显著减少；而深绿愈伤组织中梯度变化不明显。在金黄色愈伤组织中糖含量低且内外细胞间梯度小；在褐色愈伤组织中糖散乱分布。在金黄色愈伤组织中,蛋白质含量由外向内有不明显的梯度变化；在褐色愈伤组织中蛋白质则没有梯度变化。新生再生团块细胞中,糖和蛋白质含量高且由外向内梯度变化显著,再生团块膨大过程中,糖和蛋白质含量下降且内外层细胞间差异不显著。再生团块分化过程中,糖主要集中在分裂旺盛的分生细胞团和维管组织周围细胞中,蛋白质则集中于分生细胞团中。在各类愈伤组织和再生团块中均出现含有类似酚类物质的特化细胞。
4.愈伤组织和团块再生体系衰老指标比较研究
以愈伤组织再生体系的4种愈伤组织和气生根再生体系的再生团块为材料,比较了它们之间的超氧化物含量、保护酶活性及丙二醛水平的差异。结果表明：超氧化物含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均为黄绿愈伤组织最高,金黄愈伤组织和深绿愈伤组织居中、再生团块和褐色愈伤组织较低；总谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)活性以褐色愈伤组织最高,深绿、金黄和黄绿愈伤组织次之,再生团块最低；丙二醛(MDA)含量以金黄愈伤组织最高,褐色、黄绿和深绿愈伤组织次之,再生团块最低。再生团块分化能力最强,而其细胞中超氧化物含量、MDA含量均比4种愈伤组织低,这说明细胞中自由基含量和细胞膜脂过氧化与细胞分化有一定相关性。
5.秋水仙素离体诱导红掌‘亚利桑那’四倍体
红掌“亚利桑那”再生团块经不同浓度的秋水仙素(0.1，0.2,0.3%)分别处理3，5和7h,然后转入附加6-BA 3mg，L-1+2,4-D 0.2mg-L-1的MS培养基上。60天后,统计团块的成活率和再生苗数。0.3%和7 h处理组合显著降低了再生团块存活率,但是秋水仙素对再生团块的分化影响并不显著。所有处理的四倍体植株的诱导率在0.2%到7.6%。最佳诱导率为用0.3%,5h处理组合。四倍体叶片气孔比二倍体的大,但密度却低于二倍体。四倍体植株叶柄粗壮,叶厚且颜色深绿。同二倍体植株相比,佛焰苞更厚更大。四倍体群体中出现双佛焰苞或花梗矮化变异。同二倍体一样,四倍体也可通过气生根产生再生团块,此技术可用于四倍体快速繁殖。
Anthuriums are known as an exotic ornamental crop, they consists of about 1000 species, the Anthurium andraeanum is one of the major cultivated species and is grown for cut-flower and potted plant production. In it's Rapid Propagation of Anthurium andraeanum via callus culture has been established and used commercially, but this method has shortcoming in loss of ability to differentiation of callus after several subcultures and formation of off-types. In order to resolve the aforementioned problems, we investigated the possibility of producing regenrable mass via aerial root in it's and differentiation of masses. In addition, micro structural difference between different differentiation potential callus and masses were observed. and senescent index changes were also studied. The mass was sensitive to colchicines. therefore colchicines induced tetraploid were also tried in this paper.
1. Establishment of Rapid Propagation System of Anthurium andraeanum via aerial root in vitro
The induction of regenrable masses from aerial root were investigated, it was found that 2,4-D had very important effect to induce regenrable masses, and 2,4-D should cooperate with 6-BA. The green tissue was essential to differentiation. The mineral salt concentration of MS played an important role in regenrabole masses induction and differentiation. The 1/2MS medium supplement with 1.0 mg·L-1 6-BA and 0.6 mg·L-12,4-D was suitable to aerial root growth, the optimal induction medium was 1/2MS+6-BA1.0 mg·L-1+2,4-D0.2 mg·L-1 and the best medium for mass differentiation was MS+6-BA1.0 mg·L-1+2,4-D0.2 mg·L-1. The masses did not showed degradation phenomenon after continued reproduction.
2. Cytological Study on Callus of leaf and Regenrable Mass of Aerial Root in Anthurium andraeanum
In vitro morphogenesis of three leaf callus and regenrable masses from aerial root in Anthurium andraeanum'Arizona'were compared. It was showed that in the Kelly, yellow and brown callus, the karyoplasm ratio decrease in turn, cell arrangement became looser and looser, the shape of cell did not kept integrity. Some similar apoptotic bodies were appeared in some cells of yellow and brown callus. The morphogenesis of regenrable masses were indirect organogenesis. regenrable masses occurred from the cortex of aerial root ends. There were a lot of small and actively divided cell groups with dense nucleus in regenrable masses and meristic cells were originated from these cell groups indirect. With the proliferation of meristic cells and formation of bud primordium, the outer layer cells apoptosis gradually. Which led to bud emergence on the surface of masses. Organogenesis was the main morphogenesis pathway of masse, although a few embryoid morphogenesis was observed.
3. Histochemistry Studies on Callus of Leaf and Regenrable Mass of Aerial Root in Anthurium andraeanum
Four kinds of callus from leaf and Regenrable mass of aerial root in Anthurium andraeanum'Arizona'were studied by paraffin section and histochemical coloration. The results showed that the granular saccharide was mainly surrounding the nuclei. In the callus and regenrable mass protein was mainly in or around the nuclei. In kelly callus the levels of saccharide and protein decreased clearly from the outer layer of cells to the inner layer of cells. and in dark green callus the grads was unconspicuous. The contents of saccharidein and the even distribution was observed in the golden callus. The distribution of saccharide was dispersedly in the brown callus. The changes of protein were inconspicuous from the outer layer of cells to the inner layer of cells in the gold callus. However, grads of protein was little in the brown callus. There was also a visible grads of saccharide and protein when regenrable mass occurred, in the expending period of regenrable mass, the saccharide and protein were distribute evenly. In the differentiation stage of regenrable mass, the saccharide was concentrated in the cells which surrounded the dense small cell groups and the primary vascular tissue. The protein mainly concentrated in the nuclei of the cell groups. There were special cells in all types of callus and regenrable mass. The content and the grads of the saccharide and protein and the integration of the nuclei played important roles in the differentiation of callus and regenrable mass.
4. Comparative Studies on Senescent Index in Two Kinds of Regenerative System in Anthurium andraeaum
The superoxide and relative enzymes between different types of callus originated from leaves and regenerable mass from aerial roots were compared. It was showed that the orders of the levels of superoxide, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) from high to low were yellow green callus> golden callus>dark green callus> regenrable mass>brown callus. The highest activities of GPX (glutathione peroxidase) were appeared in brown callus, followed by dark green, yellow green callus, golden callus and regenrable mass For malondialdehyde (MDA), the highest contents were observed in golden callus, followed by brown callus, yellow green callus, dark green callus and RMB. It was demonstrated that the activities of SOD and CAT had synergistic effects in eliminating oxidative stress, and the higher activities of SOD and CAT in mass suggested their greater ability of eliminating oxidative stress. The enzyme activities of GPX in RMB were significantly lower than that in all callus, in other hand the activities of GPX were relatively lower in yellow green callus, the lower contents of super-oxides and MDA might be the results of higher antioxidant activities. In short, rapid propagation by regenrable mass had advantages over that by callus because of their higher anti-oxidant activities.
5. Induction of Anthurium andraeanum'Arizona'tetraploid by Colchicine in Vitro
Tetraploids plants of Anthurium andraeanum'Arizona'were successfully induced after treating diploid tissue masses with colchicine. Masses originating from diploid aerial roots were treated with colchicine at three different concentrations (i.e.,0.1.0.2,0.3%) for about 3,5 and 7h, and then were transferred into Murashige & Skoog medium containing 3 mg·L-1 6-BA+0.2 mg·L-1 2,4-D. After 60 days, the survival rate and numbers of regenerative shoots were scored. The high concentration and longer duration sharply reduced survival rate. In contrast. the regeneration of plantlets was not noticeably affected by colchicine. Tetraploid plants were obtained in all treatments, but the percentage of induced tetraploids ranged from 0.2% to 7.6%. The best induction was obtained with a 5-h. treatment with 0.3% colchicine. The stomatal size of tetraploid plants was larger than in diploid plants; however, the stomatal density was lower than in diploid plants. Tetraploid plants possessed stronger petioles, thicker and deeper green leaves, and thicker and longer lived spathes in comparison with diploid plants. Abnormal spathes, such as double spathes or those lacking pedicels, were observed in tetraploid plants. Tetraploid plantlets could be regenerated via aerial roots; this technique could be applied to tetraploid plant propagation.
引文
Akira Nakatsuka, Daiki Mizuta, Yutaka Kii. Ikuo Miyajim, Nobuo Kobayashi.2008. Isolation and expression analysis of flavonoid biosynthesis genes in evergreen azalea. Scientia Horticulturae, (118)314-320
Al Hakimi A, Monneveaux P, Nachit M M.1998. Direct and indirect selection for drought tolerance in alien tetraploid wheat 9 durum wheat crosses. Euphytica,100:287-294
Aleza P, Juarez J, Ollitrault P, Navarro L.2009. Production of tetraploid plants of non apomictic citrus genotypes. Plant Cell Rep,28:1837-1846
Allum J F, Bringloe D H, Roberts A V.2007. Chromosome doubling in a Rosa rugosa Thunb. hybrid by exposure of in vitro nodes to oryzalin:the effects of node length, oryzalin concentration and exposure time. Plant Cell Rep.26:1977-1984
Are'ne L, Bellenot-Kapusta V, Belin J, Cadic A, Clerac M, Decourtye L, Duron M.2007. Breeding program on woody ornamental plants in Angers-France:a collaboration of 32 years between INRA and SAPHO. Acta Hort,743:35-38
Aryavand A, Ehdaie B, Tran B. Waines J G.2003. Stomatal frequency and size differentiate ploidy levels in Aegilops neglecta. Genet Resour Crop Ev.50:175-182
Asada K.1999.The water-water cycle in chloroplasts:scavenging of active oxygen's and dissipation of excess photons. Annual Review of Plant Physiology.50:601-639
Asish K, Binodh and Maya Devi P.2006. Anthocyanins affecting differential spathe colour expression in diverse genotypes of Anthurium andreanum Linden. Indian J. Genet,66(1):69-70
Atta-Alla H, McAlister B. Van Staden J,1998. In vitro culture and establishment of Anthurium parvispathum. S Afr J Bot,64:296-298
Awoleye F, Van Duren M, Dolezel J, Novak F J.1994. Nuclear DNA content and in vitro induced somatic polyploidisation cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) breeding. Euphytica,76:195-202
Bajer AS, Molebajer J.1986. Drugs with colchicine-like effects that specifically disassemble plant but not animal microtubules. Ann NY Acad Sci,466:767-784
Bakry F, de la Reberdie're P N, Pichot S, Jenny C.2007. In liquid medium colchicine treatment induces non chimerical doubleddiploids in a wide range of mono- and interspecific diploid banana clones. Fruits.62:3-12
Barnabas B, Obert B, Kovas G.1999. Colchicine, an efficient genome doubling agent for maize (Zea mays L.) microspores cultured in anthero. Plant Cell Rep,18:858-862
Barow M, Jovtchev G.2007. Endopolyploidy in plants and its analysis by flow cytometry. In:Dolezel J, Greilhuber J, Suda J (eds) Flow cytometry with plant cells. Wiley. Weinheim. pp 349-372
Berkov S. Philipov S.2002. Alkaloid production in diploid and autotetraploid plants of Datura stramonium. Pharma Biol,40:617-621
Blakeslee A.1939. The present and potential service of chemistry to plant breeding. Am J Bot, 26:163-172
Blakeslee A, Avery A.1937. Methods of inducing doubling of chromosomes in plants by treatment with colchicine. J Hered,28:393-411
Bohanec B.2003. Ploidy determination using flow cytometry. In:Maluszynski M. Kasha KJ, Forster BP, Szorejko I (eds) Doubled haploid production in crop plants. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp 397-403
Bowler C VMM, Inze D.1992. Superoxide dismutase and stress tolerance. Plant Mol Biol,43:83-116
Brewbaker J L.1958. Self-incompatibility in tetraploid strains of Trifolium hybridum. Hereditas, 44:547-553
Brinkley B, Rao P.1973. Nitrous oxide:effects on the mitotic apparatus and chromosome movement in HeLa cells. J Cell Biol,58:96-106
Brummer E C. Cazcarro P M. Luth D.1999. Ploidy determination of alfalfa germplasm accessions using flow cytometry. Crop Sci,39:1202-1207
Campos J M S. Davide L C. Salgado C C, Santos F C. Costa P N. Silva P S. Alves C C S. Viccini L F. Pereira A V.2009. In vitro induction of hexaploid plants from triploid hybrids of Pennisetum purpureum and Pennisetum glaucum. Plant Breed,128:101-104
Carvalho J F R, Carvalho C R. Otoni W C.2005. In vitro induction of polyploidy in annatto (Bixa orellana). Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult,80:69-75
Chakraborti S P, Vijayan K. Roy B, Qadri S.1998. In vitro induction of tetraploidy in mulberry (Morus alba L.). Plant Cell Rep,17:799-803
Chapman M A. Abbott R J.2010. Introgression of fitness genes across a ploidy barrier. New Phytol 186:63-71
Chauvin JE. Label A. Kermarrec M P.2005. In vitro chromosomedoubling in tulip (Tulipa gesneriana L.). J Hortic Sci Biotech,80:693-698
Chen L L, Gao S L.2007. In vitro tetraploid induction and generation of tetraploids from mixoploids in Astragalus membranaceus. Sci Hortic,112:339-344
Chen W H, Tang C Y, Kao Y L.2009. Ploidy doubling by in vitro culture of excised protocorms or protocorm-like bodies in Phalaenopsis species. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult,98:229-238
Cohen D. Yao J L.1996. In vitro chromosome doubling of nine Zantedeschia cultivars. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult,47:43-49
Collette V E. Jameson P E, Schwinn K E, Umaharan P, Davies K M.2004.Temporal and spatial expression of flavonoid biosynthetic genes in flowers of Anthurium andraeanum. Physiol Plant, 122:297-304
Cousin A, Heel K, Cowling W A, Nelson A N.2009. An efficient high-troughput flow cytometric method for estimating DNA ploidy level in plants. Cytom Part A,75A:1015-1019
Crane M B, Lewis D.1942. Genetical studies in pears. Ⅲ. Incompatibility and sterility. J Genet, 43:31-42
Daniel M, Hayden, David A. Christopher.2004. Characterization of senescence-associated gene expression and senescence-dependent and -independent cysteine proteases differing in microsomal processing in Anthurium. Plant Science.166:779-790
Dario J. Chavez. Paul M. Lyrene.2009. Production and Identification of Colchicine-derived tetraploid Vaccinium darrowii and its use in Breeding. J Amer Soc Hort Sci,134:356-363
De Mello e Silva M, Callegari J, Zanettini B.2000. Induction and identification of polyploids in Cattleya intermedia Lindl. (Orchidaceae) by in vitro techniques. Ciencia Rural,30:105-111
De Nettancourt D.2001. Incompatibility and incongruity in wild and cultivated plants. Springer, Berlin
Devine M D, Duke S O, Fedtke C.1993. Physiology of herbicide action. PTR. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs
Dewey DR (1980) Some application and misapplication of induced polyploidy to plant breeding. In: Lewis WH (ed) Polyploidy:biological relevance, vol 13. Plenum Press, NewYork, pp 445-470
Dewitte A, Eeckhaut T, Van Huylenbroeck J, Van Bockstaele E.2009. Occurrence of viable unreduced pollen in a Begonia collection. Euphytica,168:81-94
Dewitte W. Murray JAH.2003. The plant cell cycle. Annu Rev Plant Biol,54:235-264
Dhooghe E, Denis S. Eeckhaut T, Reheul D, Van Labeke MC.2009a. In vitro induction of tetraploids in ornamental Ranunculus. Euphytica,168:33-40
Dhooghe E. Van Labeke M C.2007. In vitro propagation of Helleborus species. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult,91:175-177
Dhooghe E, Van Laere K. Eeckhaut T. Leus L, Van Huylenbroeck, J. Mitotic chromosome doubling of
plant tissues in vitro. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult, DOI 10.1007/s 11240-010-9786-5
Dolezel J. Greilhuber J, Suda J.2007. Flow cytometry with plants:an overview. In:Dolezel J, Greilhuber J, Suda J (eds) Flow cytometry with plant cells. Wiley, Weinheim. pp 41-65
Du X M,Yin W X, Zhao Y X,Zhang H.2001.The production and scavenging of reactive oxygen species in plants. Chin J Biotec,17(2):121-125
Dufour L, Guerin V.2005. Nutrient solution effects on the development and yield of Anthurium andreanum Lind in tropical soilless conditions. Scientia Horticulturae, 105:269-282
Dufour L, Gue'rin V.2003. Growth, developmental features and flower production of Anthurium andreanum Lind. in tropical conditions. Scientia Horticulturae, 98:25-35
Dunn B L. Lindstrom J T.2007. Oryzalin-induced chromosome doubling in Buddleja to facilitate interspecific hybridization. Hortscience,42:1326-1328
Eapen S. Rao P S.1985. Regeneration of plant from Anthurium patulum. Curr Sci.54:284-286
Eeckhaut T.2003. Ploidy breeding and interspecific hybridization in Spathiphyllum and woody ornamentals. PhD thesis. Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences
Eeckhaut T, Samijn G, Van Bockstaele E (2002) In vitro polyploidy induction in Rhododendron simsii hybrids. Acta Hort.572:43-49
Eeckhaut T. Leus L, Van Huylenbroeck J.2005. Exploitation of flow cytometry for plant breeding. Acta Physiol Plant,27:743-750
Eeckhaut T. Werbrouck S, Leus L, Van Bockstaele E, Debergh P.2004. Chemically induced polyploidization in Spathiphyllum wallisii Regel through somatic embryogenesis. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult,78:241-246
Eigsti O, Dustin P.1955. Colchicine in agriculture, medicine. biology, chemistry. Iowa University Press
Escadon A S. Hagiwara J C. Alderete L M.2006. A new variety of Bacopa monnieri obtained by in vitro polyploidisation. Electron J Biotechn,9(3):181-186
Eshdat Y. Holland D, Faltin Z, Ben-Hayyim G.1997. Plant glutathione peroxidases. Physiologia Plantarum.100:234-240
Esnard J. Ferwerda F, Rivera-Amador E, Hepperly P.1993. Induction of tetraploidy in the tanier cultivar 'Inglesa' (Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott). Plant Breed,111:335-338
Ewald D, Ulrich K, Naujoks G, Schroder M B.2009. Induction of tetraploid poplar and black locust plants using colchicine:chloroplast number as an early marker for selecting polyploids in vitro. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult,99:353-357
Gairdner A E.1926. Campanula persicifolia and its tetraploid form.'Telhan Beauty'. J Genet,16:341-351
Ganga M, Chezhiyan N.2002. Influence of the antimitotic agents colchicine and oryzalin on in vitro regeneration and chromosome doubling of diploid bananas (Musa spp.). J Hortic Sci Biotech, 77:572-575
Gao S L. Zhu D N. Cai Z H, Xu D R.1996. Autotetraploid plants from colchicine treated bud culture of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult.47:73-77
Geier, T.1986. Factors affecting plant regeneration from leaf segments of Anthurium scherzerianum Schott (Araceae) cultured in vitro. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult,6:115-125
Greplova M, Polzerova H. Domkarova J.2009. Intra- and interspcific crosses of Solanum materials after mitotic polyploidization in vitro. Plant Breed,128:651-657
Gu X F, Yang A F, Meng H, Zhang J R.2005. In vitro induction of tetraploid plants from diploid Zizyphus jujuba Mill.cv. Zhanhua. Plant Cell Rep,24:671-676 d
Halfmann R, Stelly D, Young D.2007. Towards improved cell cycle synchronization and chromosome preparation methods in cotton. J Cotton Sci.11:60-67
Hamidah M, Karim AGA, Debergh P.1997. Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in Anthurium scherzerianum. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult,48:189-193.
Hamill S. Smith M, Dodd W.1992. In vitro induction of banana autotetraploids by colchicine treatment of micropropagated diploids. Aust J Bot,40:887-896
Hegarty M J, Hiscock S J.2008. Genomic clues to the evolutionary success of polyploid plants. Curr Biol,18:R435-R444
Hodgson J G, Sharafi M, Jalili A, Di'az S, Montserrat-Marti G, Palmer C, Cerabolini B, Pierce S, Hamzehee B, Asri Y, Jamzad Z, Wilson P, Raven JA. Band SR. Basconcelo S, Bogard A. Carter G, Charles M, Castro-Di'ez P. Cornelissen JHC, Funes G, Jones G, Khoshnevis M, Pe'rez-Harguindeguy N. Pe'rez-Rontome M C. Shirvany F A, Vendramini F, Yazdani S, Abbas-Azimi R, Boustani S, Dehghan M. Guerrero-Campo J, Hynd A, Kowsary E, Kazemi-Saeed F. Siavash B, Villar-Salvador P, Craigie R, Naqinezhad A, Romo-Diez A. de Torres Espuny L. Simmons E.2010. Stomatal vs. genome size in angiosperms:the somatic tail wagging the genomic dog Ann Bot,105:573-584
Hugdahl JD. Morejohn LC.1993. Rapid and reversible high-affinity binding of the dinitroaniline herbicide oryzalin to tubulin from Zea mays L. Plant Physiol.102:725-740
Isshiki A, Taura T.2003. Fertility restoration of hybrids between Solanum melongena L. and S. aethiopicum L. Gilo group by chromosome doubling and cytoplasmic effect on pollen fertility. Euphytica.134:195-201
Jelenic S, Berljak J. Papes D, Jelaska S.2001. Mixoploidy and chimeric structures in somaclones of potato(Solanum tuberosum L.) cv. Bintje. Food Technol Biotechnol,39:13-17
Joseph D. Martin K P, Madassery J, Philip V J.2003. In vitro propagation of three commercial cut flower cultivars of Anthurium andraeanum Hort. Indian J Exp Biol,41:154-9
Kadota M, Niimi Y.2002. In vitro induction of tetraploid plants from a diploid Japanese pear cultivar (Pyrus pyrifolia N. cv. Hosui). Plant Cell Rep,21:282-286
Karle R, Parks C A. O'Leary M C, Boyle T H.2002. Polyploidyinduced changes in the breeding behavior of Hatiora 9 graeseri (Cactaceae). J Am Soc Hortic Sci.127:397-403
Kehr A.1996. Woody plant polyploidy. Am Nurseryman 183:38-47
Kermani MJ. Sarasan V, Roberts AV, Yokoya K, Wentworth J, Sieber VK.2003. Oryzalin-induced chromosome doubling in Rosa and its effect on plant morphology and pollen viability. Theor Appl Genet,107:1195-1200
Khosravi P, Kermani M J, Nematzadeh G A, Bihamta M R, Yokoya K.2008. Role of mitotic inhibitors and genotype on chromosome doubling of Rosa. Euphytica,160:267-275
Kitamura S, Akutsu M, Okazaki K.2009. Mechanism of action of nitrous oxide gas applied as a polyploidizing agent during meiosis in lilies. Sex Plant Reprod,22:9-14
Kuehnle A R, Sugii N.1991. Induction of tumors in Anthurium andraeanum by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. HortScience.26:1325-1328
Kuehnle A R. Sugii N.1991. Callus induction and plantlet regeneration in tissue cultures of Hawaiian anthuriums. HortScience,26(7):919-921
Kuehnle A R, Chen F C, Sugii N.1992. Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in Anthurium andraeanum hybrids. Plant Cell Reports.11(9):438-442
Kunisaki J T.1980. In vitro propagation of Anthurium andreanum Lind. Hort Science,15:508-509
Leus L. Van Laere K. Dewitte A. Van Huylenbroeck J.2009. Flow cytometry for plant breeding. Acta Hort,836:221-226
Lewis D.1947. Competition and dominance of incompatibility alleles in diploid pollen. Heredity. 1:85-108
Li W D, Biswas D K. Xu H, Xu C Q. Wang X Z, Liu J K, Jiang G M.2009. Photosynthetic responses to chromosome doubling in relation to leaf anatomy in Lonicera japonica subjected to water stress. Funct Plant Biol.36:783-792
Lim K B. Ramanna M S, van Tuyl J M.2001. Comparison of homoeologous recombination frequency between mitotic and meiotic polyploidisation in BC 1 progeny of interspecific Lily hybrids. Acta Hort,552:65-72
Liu G, Li Z. Bao M.2007. Colchicine-induced chromosome doubling in Platanus acerifolia and its effect on plant morphology. Euphytica,157:145-154
Loureiro J, Rodriguez E. Dolezel J, Santos C.2007. Two new nuclear isolation buffers for plant DNA flow cytometry:a test with 37 species. Ann Bot,100(4):875-888
Luckett D.1989. Colchicine mutagenesis is associated with substantial heritable variation in cotton. Euphytica,42:177-182
Mable B K.2004. Polyploidy and self-incompatibility:is there an association? New Phytol.162:803-811
Martin K P, Joseph D, Madassery J, Phillip V J.2003.Direct shoot regeneration from lamina explants of two commercial cut flower cultivars of Anthurium andraeanum. Hort. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant, 39:500-504
Matsumoto T K. Kuehnle A R.1996. Micropropagation of Anthurium. In:Bajaj YPS, editor
Matsumoto, T K. Webb, D T, Kuehnle A R,1996. Histology and origin of somatic embryos derived from Anthurium andraeanum Linden ex Andre'lamina. J. Am.Soc. Hort. Sci,121 (3),404-407
Mears J A.1980. Chemistry of polyploids:a summary with comments on Parthenium (Asteraceae-Ambrosiinae). In:Lewis WH (ed) Polyploidy:biological relevance, vol 13. Plenum Press, New York, pp 77-102
Meyer E M. Touchell D H, Ranney T G.2009. In vitro shoot regeneration and polyploid induction from leaves of Hypericum species. Hortscience,44(7):1957-1961
Morejohn L C, Bureau T E. Molebajer J, Bajer A S, Fosket D E.1987. Oryzalin, a dinitroaniline herbicide. binds to plant tubulin and inhibits microtubule polymerization in vitro. Planta, 172:252-264
Morejohn L C, Bureau T E, Tocchi L P, Fosket D E.1984. Tubulins from different higher-plant species are immunologically nonidentical and bind colchicine differentially. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 81:1440-1444
Murashige T, Nakano R.1966. Tissue culture as a potential tool in obtaining polyploid plants. J Hered. 57:114-118
Murashige T, Skoog F.1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol Plant,15:473-497
Notsuka K, Tsuru T, Shiraishi M.2000. Induced polyploid grapes via in vitro chromosome doubling. J Jpn Soc Hortic Sci,69:543-551
Omran S A, Guerra-Sanz J M, Cardenas JAG.2008. Methodology of tetraploid induction and expression of microsatellite alleles in triploid watermelon. In:Proceedings IXth Eucarpia meeting on genetics and breeding of Cucurbitaceae, pp 381-384
Orlikowska T. Sabala 1. Nowak E.1995. Adventitious shoot regeneration on explants of Anthurium, Codiaeum, Dieffenbachia. Gerbera, Rosa and Spathiphyllum for breeding purposes. Acta Hortic, 420:115-7
Osborn T C, Pires J C, Birchler J A, Auger D L, Chen Z J, Lee H S, Comai L, Madlung A. Doerge RW, Colot V, Martienssen R A.2003. Understanding mechanisms of novel gene expression in polyploids. Trends Genet,19:141-147
Otto S P.2007. The evolutionary consequences of polyploidy. Cell,131:452-462
Ozcelik A, Ozkan. C F.2002. EC and pH changes of the growing media and nutrient solution during anthurium production in a closed system. Proc. IS on Salnution for Hort. Prod.Eds. U. Aksoy et al. Acta Hort,573.ISHS
Paden D W. Meyer M M. Rayburn A L.1990. Doubling chromosomes with colchicine treatment in vitro as determined by chloroplast number in epidermal guard cells. J Am Rhododendron Soc, 44:162-167
Pandey K K,1968. Colchicine-induced changes in the self-incompatibility behaviour of Nicotiana. Genetica,39:257-271
Parisod C, Holderegger R. Brochmann C.2010. Evolutionary consequences of autopolyploidy. New Phytol,186:5-17
Pei X S.1985. Polyploidy induction and breeding. Shangai Science and Technology Press, Shanghai, pp 95-98
Petersen K K, Hagberg P, Kristiansen K.2002. In vitro chromosome doubling of Miscanthus sinensis. Plant Breed,121:445-450
Petersen K K, Hagberg P, Kristiansen K.2003. Colchicine and oryzalin mediated chromosome doubling in different genotypes of Miscanthus sinensis. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult,73:137-146
Pierik R L M. Steegmans H H M.1976. Vegetative propagation of Anthurium scherzerianum Schott through callus cultures. Scientia Horticulturae. (4)3:291-292
Pierik R L M.1976. Anthurium andraeanum plantlets produced from callus tissues cultivated in vitro. Physiol Plant,37:80-82
Pierika R L M, Steegmansa H H M and Van Der Meysa J A J.1974. Plantlet formation in callus tissues of Anthurium andraeanum Lind. Scientia Horticulturae.2:193-198.
Planchais S, Glab N. Inze'D. Bergounioux C.2000. Chemical inhibitors:a tool for plant cell cycle studies. FEBS Lett.476:78-83
Ramsey J. Schemske D W.1998. Pathways, mechanisms, and rates of polyploidy formation in flowering plants. Annu Rev Ecol Syst,29:467-501
Ranamukhaarachchi D G, Henny R J, Guy C L and Li Q B.2001. DNA Fingerprinting to Identify Nine Anthurium Pot Plant Cultivars and Examine Their Genetic Relationship. HortScience, 36(4):758-760
Ranney T G.2006. Polyploidy:from evolution to new plant development. Proc Int Plant Propagators Soc,56:137-142
Riddle N C. Kato A, Birchler J A.2006. Genetic variation for the response to ploidy change in Zea mays L. Theor Appl Genet,114:101-111
Roberts A. Lloyd D. Short K.1990. In vitro procedures for the induction of tetraploidy in a diploid rose. Euphytica,49:33-38
Roberts A V.2007. The use of bead beating to prepare suspensions of nuclei for flow cytometry from fresh leaves, herbarium leaves, petals and pollen. Cytom Part A.71:1039-1044
Rose J B, Kubba J. Tobutt K R.2000a. Induction of tetraploidy in Buddleia globosa. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult,63:121-125
Rubuluza T, Nikolova R V, Smith M T, Hannweg K.2007. In vitro induction of tetraploids in Colophospermum mopane by colchicine. S Afr J Bot,73:259-261
Shao J, Chen C, Deng X.2003. In vitro induction of tetraploid in pomegranate(Punica granatum). Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult,75:241-246
Sheffer R D, Croat T B.1983. Chromosome Numbers in the Genus Anthurium(Araceae) Ⅱ. Amer J Bot, 70:858-871
Sheffer R D, Kamemoto H.1976. Chromosome Numbers in the Genus Anthurium. Amer J Bot,63: 74-81
Shiga Ⅰ. Uno Y, Kanechi M. Inagaki N.2009. Identification of polyploidy of in vitro anther-derived shoots of Asparagus officinalis L. by flow cytometric analysis and measurement of stomatal length. J Jpn Soc Hortic Sci,78(1):103-108
Sikdar A K, Jolly M S.1994. Induced polyploidy in mulberry (Morns spp.):induction of tetraploids. Sericologia,34:105-116
Smith K F, McFarlane N M, Croft V M, Trigg P J, Kearney G A.2003. The effects of ploidy and seed mass on the emergence and early vigour of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cultivars. Aust J Exp Agr,43:481-486
Soltis P S, Soltis D E.2000. The role of genetic and genomic attributes in the success of polyploids. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.97:7051-7057
Stanys V, Weckman A, Staniene G, Duchovskis P.2006. In vitro induction of polyploidy in japanese quince (Chaenomeles japonica). Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult,84:263-268
Stebbins G L.1950. Variation and evolution in plants. Columbia University Press, New York
Stebbins G L.1971. Chromosome evolution in higher plants. Edward Arnold. London
Stout A B. Chandler C.1942. Hereditary transmission of induced tetraploidy and compatibility in fertilisation. Science,96:257-258
Subrahmanyam N. Kasha K.1975. Chromosome doubling of barley haploids by nitrous oxide and colchicine treatments. Can J Genet Cytol,17:573-583
Sugiyana S.2005. Polyploidy and cellular mechanisms changing leaf size:comparision of diploid and autotetraploid populations in two species of Lolium. Ann Bot,96:931-938
Sun Q R, Sun H S. Li L G. Bell R L.2009. In vitro colchicine-induced polyploid plantlet production and regeneration from leaf explants of the diploid pear (Pyrus communis L.) cultivar'Fertility". J Hortic Sci Biotech,84(5):548-552
Takamura T, Lim K B. van Tuyl J M.2002. Effect of a new compound on the mitotic polyploidisation of Lilium longiflorum and Oriental hybrid lilies. Acta Hort,572:37-40
Takamura T, Miyajima I.1996. Colchicine induced tetraploids in yellow-flowered cyclamens and their characteristics. Sci Hortic.65:305-312
Tal M.1980. Physiology of polyploids. In:Lewis WH (ed) Polyploidy:biological relevance, vol 13. Plenum Press. New York, pp 61-76
Taylor N, Anderson M, Wuesenberry K, Watson L.1976. Doubling the chromosome number of Trifolium species using nitrous oxide. Crop Sci.16:516-518
Teng W L.1997. Regeneration of Anthurium adventitious shoots using liquid or raft culture. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture.49:153-156
Thao N. Ureshino K, Miyajima 1. Ozaki Y, Okubo H.2003. Induction of tetraploids in ornamental Alocasia through colchicine and oryzalin treatments. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult,72:19-25
Thomas H.1993. Chromosome manipulation and polyploidy. In:Hayward MD, Bosemark NO, Romagosa I (eds) Plant breeding:principles and prospects. Chapmann and Hall. London, pp 79-92
Va"ino"la" A.2000. Polyploidization and early screening of Rhododendron hybrids. Euphytica, 112:239-244
Vai"no"la" A, Repo T.2001. Polyploidisation of Rhododendron cultivars in vitro and how it affects cold hardiness. Acta Hort,560:319-322
Van Laere K.2008. Interspecific hybridisation in woody ornamentals. PhD thesis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University
Van Laere K, Van Huylenbroeck J. Van Bockstaele E.2006. Breeding strategies to increase genetic variability in Hibiscus syriacus. Acta Hort,714:75-81
Van Tuyl J M, Van Holsteijn HCM.1996. Lily breeding research in the Netherlands. Acta Hort. 414:35-45
Vanstechelman I. Eeckhaut T. Van Huylenbroeck J. Van Labeke M.2010. Histogenic analysis of chemically induced mixoploids in Spathiphyllum wallisii. Euphytica,174:61-72
Vanzie-Canton S D, Leonhardt K W.2009. In vivo polyploidization of Zamioculcas Zamiifolia. Acta Hort (ISHS) 813:531-538 http://www.actahort.org/books/813/813_72.htm
Vaughn K.2000. Anticytoskeletal herbicides. In:Nick P (ed) Plant microtubules. potential for biotechnology. Springer, Berlin. pp 193-205
Wu JH, Mooney P.2002. Autotetraploid tangor plant regeneration form in vitro citrus somatic embryogenic callus treated with colchicine. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult,70:99-104
Xiong Y C, Li F M, Zhang T.2006. Performance of wheat crops with different chromosome ploidy: root-sourced signals, drought tolerance, and yield performance. Planta,224:710-718
Yamaguchi M.1989. Basic studies on the flower color breeding of carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus L.). Bull Fac Hort Miamikyusyu Univ,19:1-79
Yan Y, Chemler J, Huang L, Martens S, Koffas M A G.2005. Metabolic engineering of anthocyanin biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. Appl Environ Microbiol,71:3617-23
Yang X, Cao Z, An L, Wang Y, Fang X.2006. In vitro tetraploid induction via colchicine treatment from diploid somatic embryos in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). Euphytica,152:217-224
Yao J, Cohen D.1996. Production of triploid Zantedeschia hybrids using embryo rescue. New Zeal. J. Crop Hort.24:297-30110.1080/01140671.1996.9513965
Young D, Lewandowski V.2000. Covalent binding of the benzamide RH-4032 to tubulin in suspension-cultured tobacco cells and its application in a cell-based competitive-binding assay. Plant Physiol,124:115-124
Young D, Tice C, Michelotti E. Roemelle R, Slawecki R, Rubio F, Rolling J.2001. Structure-activity relationships of phenylcyclohexene and biphenyl antitubulin compounds against plant and mammalian cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett.11:1393-1396
Yu Y X, Liu L, Liu J X and Wang J.2009. Plant Regeneration by Callus-Mediated Protocorm-Like Body Induction of Anthurium andraeanum Hort. Agricultural Sciences in China,8(5):572-577
Zhang J, Zhang M, Deng X.2007. Obtaining autotetraploids in vitro at a high frequency in Citrus sinensis. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult,89:211-216
Zhang Q Y, Luo F X. Liu L, Guo F C.2010a. In vitro induction of tetraploids in crape myrtle (Lagerstroemia indica L.). Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult,101:41-47
Zhang X Y, Hu C G, Yao J L.2010b. Tetraploidization of diploid Dioscorea results in activation of the antioxidant defense system and increased heat tolerance. J Plant Physiol,167:88-94
Zhang Z, Dai H. Xiao M, Liu X.2008. In vitro induction of tetraploids in Phlox subulata L. Euphytica, 159:59-65
Zlesak D, Thill C, Anderson N.2005. Trifluralin-mediated polyploidization of Rosa chinensis minima (Sims) Voss. Euphytica,141:281-290
曹冬梅,王云山,康黎芳,张超，刘琛彬.2007.高温对红掌幼苗叶片茉莉酸浓度及抗氧化系统的影响.中国生态农业学报,15(5)：102-104
蔡能,易自力,黄丽芳.2005.安祖花离体培养快速繁殖技术的优化.中南林学院学报，25(3)：85-88
蔡维藩.2002.红掌组织培养与快速繁殖.亚热带植物科学,31(3)：66-68
岑益群，蒋如敏，邓志龙.1993.安祖花离体增殖的形态发生与理化因子效应.园艺学报,20(2)：187-192
陈超，王桂兰,邸智勇.2008.红掌愈伤组织和再生团块发育过程中糖和蛋白质的组织化学研究.园艺学报.35(10)：1484-1490
陈春满,蒋雄辉,叶燕.2008.红掌叶片成熟度对愈伤诱导效果的影响.广东农业科学,(7)：54-55
陈春满,郑贵朝,张善信,蒋雄辉,陈文妮.2008.不同栽培基质对红掌组培苗移栽成活及生长发育的影响.广东农业科学.(2)：28-30
陈春满,郑健临，叶燕,蒋雄辉.2008.物理条件对红掌组培苗生根和生长的影响.热带作物学报.29(4)：435-438
陈海,黄小江,林思诚，梁云芳,蓝水平.2009.红掌组织培养和快速繁殖技术.广西热带农业,(3)：6-8
陈义挺,赖钟雄.李焕苓.何园.林玉玲,邵巍,蔡英卿.2009.NaCl、光和温度胁迫对龙眼胚性愈伤组织GPX酶活性的影响.中国农学通报,25(07)：149-153.
陈育青.2006.红掌的叶片培养及快速繁殖技术研究.江西农业学报.18(4)：104-105
从心黎.黄绵佳,杨意伯.2007.干旱胁迫对红掌离体叶片生理指标的影响.广西农业科学,38(6)：669-672
从心黎,黄绵佳,冯妍,杨意伯.2008.外源壳聚糖对干旱胁迫下红掌苗的生理效应.植物生理学通讯，44(1)：102-105
丛汉卿.徐立.信彩云,李志英.2009.红掌突变体花青素含量的测定与比较.安徽农业科学，37(17)：7832-7834
单芹丽,赵辉,奎丽梅.邓君浪,王玉宝.2003.红掌的栽培与管理技术.北方园艺,(2)：38-39
德才.徐培文.2003.植物组织培养与工厂化育苗.北京：化学工业出版社,52-62
杜宝贵,黄丽娟,张志胜,黎扬辉,梁彩红,易悉升.2009年增刊.红掌花药培养.生物技术通报,189-195
段鹏慧.殷嘉俭,李兴泽.张先平.2008.红掌叶片水藻生长条件及其对红掌生长的影响.安徽农业科学,36(6)：2311-2312
樊明寿，张福锁.2002.植物通气组织的形成过程和生理生态学意义.植物生理学通讯,38(6)：615-618.
费金喜.强继业.2006.60Colγ射线辐射对红掌生化成分的影响.安徽农业科学.34(4)：616,618.
高安辉,韦茜，陈家龙,李兴忠,杨再英.2005.盆栽红掌快速分株繁殖试验.西南园艺,33(5)：12-13
高惠兰,柳振誉.叶静水，陈瑞贺.2005.冷锻炼对低温胁迫下红掌叶片膜脂过氧化及保护酶活性 的影响.福建农业学报,20(2)：108-112
高雷.赵卫国，莫东发,张正伟,崔文山.2008.不同栽培基质对红掌组培出瓶苗生长的影响.北方园艺,(7)：164-166
高丽霞,严秋梅.2008.不同产地泥炭对进口盆栽红掌幼苗生长的影响.安徽农业科学,36(18)：7627-7628,7631
高遐虹,李梅.1995.安祖花叶片的离体培养.北京农学院学报,10(2)：35-38
郭军战,费昭雪,成密红.2006.红掌不同外植体愈伤组织诱导与不定芽分化的研究.西北林学院学报,21(3)：72-74
郭维明,赵云鹏,文方德.2004.花烛愈伤组织不同继代培养的再分化差异.园艺学报,31(1)：69-72
韩忻彦,王云山,张超,康黎芳,曹冬梅.2009.外源茉莉酸对高温胁迫下的红掌幼苗的影响.中国农学通报,25(20)：144-148
浩仁塔本,余伟莅.1991.安祖花的组织培养与快速繁殖.植物生理学通讯，(6)：432
洪生标,林汉锐,钟融融.2004.红掌盆花栽培技术.广东农业科学,(6)：80-81
华春,王仁雷.2003.杂交稻及其三系叶片衰老过程中SOD、CAT活性和MDA含量的变化.西北植物学报,23(3)：406-409
黄萍萍,张志勇,粱金平,陈炳全,苏珍山.2006.红掌快速繁殖及栽培管理技术.广西农业科学,37(2)：113-116
黄群声.2004.TDZ和CPPU对红掌快速繁殖的影响.亚热带植物科学,33(3)：39-41
贾永芳,李名扬.2002.安祖花研究进展.江苏林业科技.29(4)：43-49
江如蓝,张施君，郑迎冬,杨承勇.周厚高.2002.红掌的组织培养和快速繁殖.仲恺农业技术学院学报.15(4)：49-53
姜蕾.兰天维，黎扬辉,易懋升,梁彩红,张志胜.2006.影响红掌愈伤组织诱导、增殖和芽分化的因素.种子,25(11)：26-30
姜蕾,易懋生,兰天维,黎扬辉,夏晴,张志胜.2006.红掌种子萌发特性的研究.种子,25(1)：19-22
蒋桂芝,赵丽芳.2003.西双版纳红掌栽培常见病害初报.热带农业科技.26(1)：14-15
康博文.李文华,刘建军,撒文清.2009.ALA对红掌叶片光合作用及叶绿素荧光参数的影响.西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),37(4)：97-101.
兰芹英,仇玉萍,张远辉，殷寿华.2003.不同红掌品种的叶片、叶柄和茎段愈伤组织的诱导及植株再生.西北植物学报.23(6)：1006-1009
兰芹英,李启任,何惠英,张艳军,解星云.2003.红掌愈伤组织诱导和芽的分化.园艺学报,30(1)：107-109
黎扬辉,刘镇南,钟国君,周晓云,陈剑华,伍树桐，王勇胜,陈一新,黄明翅，宿庆连.2006.广州 地区红掌盆花生产技术规程.广东农业科学.(6)：76-79
李永华,苏志国,杨秋生,叶庆生.2008.长期C02加富对红掌某些光合参数和生物量的影响.河南科学，26(4)：430-433
李永华,王献.孔德政、叶庆生.2007.长期C02加富对苗期红掌(Anthurium andraeanum L)植株生长和光合作用的影响.生态学报，27(5)：1852-1857
李永华,武荣花,杨秋生，叶庆生.2006.短期C02加富对苗期红掌生长及光合作用的影响.河南农业大学学报，40(6)607-610
李永华,刘丽娜,叶庆生.2005.高CO2浓度对红掌的生长和光合作用的影响.热带亚热带植物学报，13(4)：343-346
李枝林,郑丽.1997.红掌研究综述.云南农业大学学报.12(2)：143-146
李志芳，叶秦.赵贵林,曾绮玲,黄定华.刘仕康.1997.花烛的组织培养与快速繁殖.植物生理学通讯,33(3)：197-201
李志芳,叶秦,赵贵林等.1997.花烛的组织培养与快速繁殖.植物生理学通讯.33(3)：197
林智文.2000.红掌产业概况与展望.中花园艺,79：60-61
刘清丽.赵培互.2009.红掌缺素症状研究.黑龙江农业科学,(1)：70-71
刘琼光,梁建梅,李志伟,曾伟达.2007.红掌细菌性叶枯病的病原鉴定.华中农业大学学报.26(2)：174-177
刘素青，赵丽芳.1999.红掌茎基腐病病原鉴定.云南农业大学学报，14(2)：128-131
刘先宝,蔡吉苗黄,贵修.2007.海南省红掌穿孔线虫的鉴定.热带农业科学,27(3)：20-23
刘永金,李文华，张玲.曾振平,徐滔.2005.红掌切花产量与气候因子的相关性研究.云南农业大学学报，20(6)：819-824
吕复兵,王碧青,廖飞雄，朱根发,李卫华.2002.红掌叶片离体培养与植株再生研究.广东农业科学,(6)：24-25
吕佩珂.段半锁,苏慧兰.2001.中国花卉病虫原色图鉴.北京：蓝天出版社。
马旭俊,朱大海.2003.植物超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的研究进展.遗传，25(2)：225-231
苗雨晨，白玲，苗琛,陈珈.宋纯鹏.2005.植物谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶研究进展.植物学通报.22(3)：350-356
莫名雪，何丽贞,田智.2005.红掌盆栽品种的引种表现及配套栽培技术.广东农业科学,(4)：52-53
欧文军,李洪立,尹俊梅.2002.红掌切花栽培中常见病虫害及防治.云南农业科技,(4)：34-37
潘学峰,潘梅，洪世军.2000.红掌叶片愈伤组织的诱导与植株再生.海南大学学报自然科学版,18(2)：144-149
乔永旭，张永平,陈超,王桂兰.2009.简易设施盆栽红掌周年高效栽培技术.北方园艺.(5)：150-151
却志群，卢其能,沈春修.2008.红掌组织培养技术研究.北方园艺.(11)：153-154
盛爱武,何泉,赵银芳,张晚风.2005.栽培介质、营养液及化学药剂对红掌生长开花的影响.亚热带植物科学,34(3)：34-36
盛爱武，叶向斌,侯碧清.敖卓尚，陈利勇.2000.红掌抗热性研究初探.仲恺农业技术学院学报，13(1)：23-26
束晓春,彭峰,李乃伟,何树兰，夏冰.2009.红掌组织培养研究.江苏农业科学,(2)：67-69
孙敬三,钱迎倩.1987.植物细胞学研究方法.北京科学出版社：134-137,149-151.
陶仕珍.林开文,王济红.2007.不同基质与施肥方案对红掌幼苗生长的影响.西南林学院学报,27(2)：37-40
王桂兰,陈超，李朝霞.李伟.林小静.2005.红掌气生根根段再生快繁体系的建立.植物生理学通讯.41(3)：297-301
王桂兰,陈超,李伟,李艳梅.2006.红掌叶片愈伤组织和气生根再生团块的细胞学研究.园艺学报,33(3)：587-591
王桂兰,李艳梅,林小静,陈超.2006.红掌组培苗移栽与养护技术的研究.北方园艺,(2)：32-34
王进茂,郑均宝,高秀丽,徐振华,张法勇.2000.花烛组织培养的研究.河北林果研究，15(1)：69-74
王丽平,周晓云.2007.24%雷通悬浮液防治红掌斜纹夜蛾药效试验.广东农业科学,(4)：65-66
吴海红,印东生,赵兴华,闫立萍.2008.红掌盆栽品种组织培养及种苗快繁技术.北方园艺,(9)：159-161
夏春华.2000.安祖花研究进展.热带农业科学,(3)：49-53.
夏时云,麦瑜玲，林书瀚,吴国智.2007.红掌叶片离体培养过程中酶活性及可溶性蛋白质含量的变化.华北农学报,22(6)：195-198
夏时云，麦瑜玲.许继勇,刘焕新,郑添群，林书瀚，郑少平.2006.红掌叶片离体培养过程中内源激素含量的变化.华北农学报.21(3)：16-18
夏时云,麦瑜玲,许继勇,郑添群,林书瀚,黄伟雄.2005.提高红掌叶片愈伤组织诱导和植株分化及壮苗率的技术研究.中国农学通报,21(2)：45-48
邢红梅,丁平,周晓云,王克荣.2008.红掌胶胞炭疽菌的分子检测.植物病理学报,38(2)：113-119
邢红梅.丁平,王克荣,周晓云.2009.红掌炭疽病病原的分离鉴定及其核糖体DNA-ITS序列分析.园艺学报,36(5)：743-748
许萍,张丕方.1996.关于植物细胞脱分化的研究概况.植物学通报,13(1)：20-24
许秀惠,林俊义.1998.台湾红掌细菌性叶枯病及其病原菌对药剂之感受性.植物保护学会会刊,40(4)：409-417
杨涛,陈德海,吴荔萍.1998.安祖花组织培养及其细胞和叶绿体发育过程的电镜观察.亚热带植物通讯,27(1)：1-7
杨显志，张玲琪，王磊.2002.红掌组培苗污染微生物的分离鉴定和防治.西南农业学报, 15(3)：119-]21
易懋升，黎扬辉，张志胜,刘琳，兰天维，夏晴，谭玉凤.2005.红掌种质资源数据库的建立.广东农业科学,(1)：8-11
原红娟.尉淑珍,李鸿俊,陈莉.2009.水培与土培红掌根系结构比较.安徽农业科学,37(1)：117-118
张超,徐春玲,武玉环,谢辉.2009.4种杀线虫剂对红掌相似穿孔线虫病的防治效果.华中农业大学学报，28(5)：551-555
张荣意，谭志琼，林兴祖.2001.红掌细菌性叶枯病的症状和病原鉴定.热带作物学报.22(2)：47-51
张荣意.谭志琼.刘爱荣，文衍堂.2003.黄单胞菌引致红掌疫病的症状和病原菌鉴定.热带作物学报,24(2)：81-85
张弢.2009.红掌基因组DNA提取方法的优化.安徽农业科学.37(19)：8879-8880
张燕,黎斌,李思锋,陈正华.2009.用激光微束穿刺法将双抗虫基因导入红掌的研究.激光生物学报.18(1)：1-5
张寅玲,刘艳军,黄俊轩,李建科,杨霞,杨静慧，汪海霞.2006.含内生茵外植体红掌组培方法的研究.西南园艺.34(6)：9-11
张震霞.2006.红掌组织培养进展.韩山师范学院学报,27(3)：105-108
张志胜.黎扬辉,姜蕾.李运,王朱莹,夏晴,易懋升.2007.红掌四倍体的离体诱导及其鉴定.园艺学报,34(3)：729-734
赵云鹏,郭维明,王广东,文方德.2004.花烛离体体培养中的壮苗.植物生理通讯,40(1)：48-50
赵云鹏,郭维明,王广东.2005.花烛不同愈伤组织解剖结构的观察.园艺学报,32(1)：60-64.
郑晓慧.戚佩坤，姜子德.2001.广州地区天南星科观赏植物上的几种新真菌病害——1.华南农业大学学报，22(1)：51-53
郑晓慧,向梅梅,姜子德.2004.拟茎点霉属—新种—花烛拟茎点霉.仲恺农业技术学院学报,17(4)：7-9
中国农业百科全书编辑部.1996.中国农业百科全书(观赏园艺).北京：农业出版社.200-201
仲磊,梁珍海,朱军.2002.红掌袋式与瓶式组织培养生产性指标比较试验.江苏林业科技,29(3)：25-27
周红龙.2005.我国红掌发展现状和存在问题浅议.热带农业科技,28(1)：33-36.
朱饱卿，柴向华,李军.曾宝挡,王细燕.2004.红掌的花序培养及快速繁殖技术研究.中国农学通报.20(4)：223-224
Al Hakimi A, Monneveaux P, Nachit M M.1998. Direct and indirect selection for drought tolerance in alien tetraploid wheat 9 durum wheat crosses. Euphytica,100:287-294
Aleza P, Juarez J, Ollitrault P, Navarro L.2009. Production of tetraploid plants of non apomictic citrus genotypes. Plant Cell Rep,28:1837-1846
Allum J F, Bringloe D H, Roberts A V.2007. Chromosome doubling in a Rosa rugosa Thunb. hybrid by exposure of in vitro nodes to oryzalin:the effects of node length, oryzalin concentration and exposure time. Plant Cell Rep.26:1977-1984
Are'ne L, Bellenot-Kapusta V, Belin J, Cadic A, Clerac M, Decourtye L, Duron M.2007. Breeding program on woody ornamental plants in Angers-France:a collaboration of 32 years between INRA and SAPHO. Acta Hort,743:35-38
Aryavand A, Ehdaie B, Tran B. Waines J G.2003. Stomatal frequency and size differentiate ploidy levels in Aegilops neglecta. Genet Resour Crop Ev.50:175-182
Asada K.1999.The water-water cycle in chloroplasts:scavenging of active oxygen's and dissipation of excess photons. Annual Review of Plant Physiology.50:601-639
Asish K, Binodh and Maya Devi P.2006. Anthocyanins affecting differential spathe colour expression in diverse genotypes of Anthurium andreanum Linden. Indian J. Genet,66(1):69-70
Atta-Alla H, McAlister B. Van Staden J,1998. In vitro culture and establishment of Anthurium parvispathum. S Afr J Bot,64:296-298
Awoleye F, Van Duren M, Dolezel J, Novak F J.1994. Nuclear DNA content and in vitro induced somatic polyploidisation cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) breeding. Euphytica,76:195-202
Bajer AS, Molebajer J.1986. Drugs with colchicine-like effects that specifically disassemble plant but not animal microtubules. Ann NY Acad Sci,466:767-784
Bakry F, de la Reberdie're P N, Pichot S, Jenny C.2007. In liquid medium colchicine treatment induces non chimerical doubleddiploids in a wide range of mono- and interspecific diploid banana clones. Fruits.62:3-12
Barnabas B, Obert B, Kovas G.1999. Colchicine, an efficient genome doubling agent for maize (Zea mays L.) microspores cultured in anthero. Plant Cell Rep,18:858-862
Barow M, Jovtchev G.2007. Endopolyploidy in plants and its analysis by flow cytometry. In:Dolezel J, Greilhuber J, Suda J (eds) Flow cytometry with plant cells. Wiley. Weinheim. pp 349-372
Berkov S. Philipov S.2002. Alkaloid production in diploid and autotetraploid plants of Datura stramonium. Pharma Biol,40:617-621
Blakeslee A.1939. The present and potential service of chemistry to plant breeding. Am J Bot, 26:163-172
Blakeslee A, Avery A.1937. Methods of inducing doubling of chromosomes in plants by treatment with colchicine. J Hered,28:393-411
Bohanec B.2003. Ploidy determination using flow cytometry. In:Maluszynski M. Kasha KJ, Forster BP, Szorejko I (eds) Doubled haploid production in crop plants. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp 397-403
Bowler C VMM, Inze D.1992. Superoxide dismutase and stress tolerance. Plant Mol Biol,43:83-116
Brewbaker J L.1958. Self-incompatibility in tetraploid strains of Trifolium hybridum. Hereditas, 44:547-553
Brinkley B, Rao P.1973. Nitrous oxide:effects on the mitotic apparatus and chromosome movement in HeLa cells. J Cell Biol,58:96-106
Brummer E C. Cazcarro P M. Luth D.1999. Ploidy determination of alfalfa germplasm accessions using flow cytometry. Crop Sci,39:1202-1207
Campos J M S. Davide L C. Salgado C C, Santos F C. Costa P N. Silva P S. Alves C C S. Viccini L F. Pereira A V.2009. In vitro induction of hexaploid plants from triploid hybrids of Pennisetum purpureum and Pennisetum glaucum. Plant Breed,128:101-104
Carvalho J F R, Carvalho C R. Otoni W C.2005. In vitro induction of polyploidy in annatto (Bixa orellana). Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult,80:69-75
Chakraborti S P, Vijayan K. Roy B, Qadri S.1998. In vitro induction of tetraploidy in mulberry (Morus alba L.). Plant Cell Rep,17:799-803
Chapman M A. Abbott R J.2010. Introgression of fitness genes across a ploidy barrier. New Phytol 186:63-71
Chauvin JE. Label A. Kermarrec M P.2005. In vitro chromosomedoubling in tulip (Tulipa gesneriana L.). J Hortic Sci Biotech,80:693-698
Chen L L, Gao S L.2007. In vitro tetraploid induction and generation of tetraploids from mixoploids in Astragalus membranaceus. Sci Hortic,112:339-344
Chen W H, Tang C Y, Kao Y L.2009. Ploidy doubling by in vitro culture of excised protocorms or protocorm-like bodies in Phalaenopsis species. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult,98:229-238
Cohen D. Yao J L.1996. In vitro chromosome doubling of nine Zantedeschia cultivars. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult,47:43-49
Collette V E. Jameson P E, Schwinn K E, Umaharan P, Davies K M.2004.Temporal and spatial expression of flavonoid biosynthetic genes in flowers of Anthurium andraeanum. Physiol Plant, 122:297-304
Cousin A, Heel K, Cowling W A, Nelson A N.2009. An efficient high-troughput flow cytometric method for estimating DNA ploidy level in plants. Cytom Part A,75A:1015-1019
Crane M B, Lewis D.1942. Genetical studies in pears. Ⅲ. Incompatibility and sterility. J Genet, 43:31-42
Daniel M, Hayden, David A. Christopher.2004. Characterization of senescence-associated gene expression and senescence-dependent and -independent cysteine proteases differing in microsomal processing in Anthurium. Plant Science.166:779-790
Dario J. Chavez. Paul M. Lyrene.2009. Production and Identification of Colchicine-derived tetraploid Vaccinium darrowii and its use in Breeding. J Amer Soc Hort Sci,134:356-363
De Mello e Silva M, Callegari J, Zanettini B.2000. Induction and identification of polyploids in Cattleya intermedia Lindl. (Orchidaceae) by in vitro techniques. Ciencia Rural,30:105-111
De Nettancourt D.2001. Incompatibility and incongruity in wild and cultivated plants. Springer, Berlin
Devine M D, Duke S O, Fedtke C.1993. Physiology of herbicide action. PTR. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs
Dewey DR (1980) Some application and misapplication of induced polyploidy to plant breeding. In: Lewis WH (ed) Polyploidy:biological relevance, vol 13. Plenum Press, NewYork, pp 445-470
Dewitte A, Eeckhaut T, Van Huylenbroeck J, Van Bockstaele E.2009. Occurrence of viable unreduced pollen in a Begonia collection. Euphytica,168:81-94
Dewitte W. Murray JAH.2003. The plant cell cycle. Annu Rev Plant Biol,54:235-264
Dhooghe E, Denis S. Eeckhaut T, Reheul D, Van Labeke MC.2009a. In vitro induction of tetraploids in ornamental Ranunculus. Euphytica,168:33-40
Dhooghe E. Van Labeke M C.2007. In vitro propagation of Helleborus species. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult,91:175-177
Dhooghe E, Van Laere K. Eeckhaut T. Leus L, Van Huylenbroeck, J. Mitotic chromosome doubling of
plant tissues in vitro. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult, DOI 10.1007/s 11240-010-9786-5
Dolezel J. Greilhuber J, Suda J.2007. Flow cytometry with plants:an overview. In:Dolezel J, Greilhuber J, Suda J (eds) Flow cytometry with plant cells. Wiley, Weinheim. pp 41-65
Du X M,Yin W X, Zhao Y X,Zhang H.2001.The production and scavenging of reactive oxygen species in plants. Chin J Biotec,17(2):121-125
Dufour L, Guerin V.2005. Nutrient solution effects on the development and yield of Anthurium andreanum Lind in tropical soilless conditions. Scientia Horticulturae, 105:269-282
Dufour L, Gue'rin V.2003. Growth, developmental features and flower production of Anthurium andreanum Lind. in tropical conditions. Scientia Horticulturae, 98:25-35
Dunn B L. Lindstrom J T.2007. Oryzalin-induced chromosome doubling in Buddleja to facilitate interspecific hybridization. Hortscience,42:1326-1328
Eapen S. Rao P S.1985. Regeneration of plant from Anthurium patulum. Curr Sci.54:284-286
Eeckhaut T.2003. Ploidy breeding and interspecific hybridization in Spathiphyllum and woody ornamentals. PhD thesis. Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences
Eeckhaut T, Samijn G, Van Bockstaele E (2002) In vitro polyploidy induction in Rhododendron simsii hybrids. Acta Hort.572:43-49
Eeckhaut T. Leus L, Van Huylenbroeck J.2005. Exploitation of flow cytometry for plant breeding. Acta Physiol Plant,27:743-750
Eeckhaut T. Werbrouck S, Leus L, Van Bockstaele E, Debergh P.2004. Chemically induced polyploidization in Spathiphyllum wallisii Regel through somatic embryogenesis. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult,78:241-246
Eigsti O, Dustin P.1955. Colchicine in agriculture, medicine. biology, chemistry. Iowa University Press
Escadon A S. Hagiwara J C. Alderete L M.2006. A new variety of Bacopa monnieri obtained by in vitro polyploidisation. Electron J Biotechn,9(3):181-186
Eshdat Y. Holland D, Faltin Z, Ben-Hayyim G.1997. Plant glutathione peroxidases. Physiologia Plantarum.100:234-240
Esnard J. Ferwerda F, Rivera-Amador E, Hepperly P.1993. Induction of tetraploidy in the tanier cultivar 'Inglesa' (Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott). Plant Breed,111:335-338
Ewald D, Ulrich K, Naujoks G, Schroder M B.2009. Induction of tetraploid poplar and black locust plants using colchicine:chloroplast number as an early marker for selecting polyploids in vitro. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult,99:353-357
Gairdner A E.1926. Campanula persicifolia and its tetraploid form.'Telhan Beauty'. J Genet,16:341-351
Ganga M, Chezhiyan N.2002. Influence of the antimitotic agents colchicine and oryzalin on in vitro regeneration and chromosome doubling of diploid bananas (Musa spp.). J Hortic Sci Biotech, 77:572-575
Gao S L. Zhu D N. Cai Z H, Xu D R.1996. Autotetraploid plants from colchicine treated bud culture of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult.47:73-77
Geier, T.1986. Factors affecting plant regeneration from leaf segments of Anthurium scherzerianum Schott (Araceae) cultured in vitro. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult,6:115-125
Greplova M, Polzerova H. Domkarova J.2009. Intra- and interspcific crosses of Solanum materials after mitotic polyploidization in vitro. Plant Breed,128:651-657
Gu X F, Yang A F, Meng H, Zhang J R.2005. In vitro induction of tetraploid plants from diploid Zizyphus jujuba Mill.cv. Zhanhua. Plant Cell Rep,24:671-676 d
Halfmann R, Stelly D, Young D.2007. Towards improved cell cycle synchronization and chromosome preparation methods in cotton. J Cotton Sci.11:60-67
Hamidah M, Karim AGA, Debergh P.1997. Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in Anthurium scherzerianum. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult,48:189-193.
Hamill S. Smith M, Dodd W.1992. In vitro induction of banana autotetraploids by colchicine treatment of micropropagated diploids. Aust J Bot,40:887-896
Hegarty M J, Hiscock S J.2008. Genomic clues to the evolutionary success of polyploid plants. Curr Biol,18:R435-R444
Hodgson J G, Sharafi M, Jalili A, Di'az S, Montserrat-Marti G, Palmer C, Cerabolini B, Pierce S, Hamzehee B, Asri Y, Jamzad Z, Wilson P, Raven JA. Band SR. Basconcelo S, Bogard A. Carter G, Charles M, Castro-Di'ez P. Cornelissen JHC, Funes G, Jones G, Khoshnevis M, Pe'rez-Harguindeguy N. Pe'rez-Rontome M C. Shirvany F A, Vendramini F, Yazdani S, Abbas-Azimi R, Boustani S, Dehghan M. Guerrero-Campo J, Hynd A, Kowsary E, Kazemi-Saeed F. Siavash B, Villar-Salvador P, Craigie R, Naqinezhad A, Romo-Diez A. de Torres Espuny L. Simmons E.2010. Stomatal vs. genome size in angiosperms:the somatic tail wagging the genomic dog Ann Bot,105:573-584
Hugdahl JD. Morejohn LC.1993. Rapid and reversible high-affinity binding of the dinitroaniline herbicide oryzalin to tubulin from Zea mays L. Plant Physiol.102:725-740
Isshiki A, Taura T.2003. Fertility restoration of hybrids between Solanum melongena L. and S. aethiopicum L. Gilo group by chromosome doubling and cytoplasmic effect on pollen fertility. Euphytica.134:195-201
Jelenic S, Berljak J. Papes D, Jelaska S.2001. Mixoploidy and chimeric structures in somaclones of potato(Solanum tuberosum L.) cv. Bintje. Food Technol Biotechnol,39:13-17
Joseph D. Martin K P, Madassery J, Philip V J.2003. In vitro propagation of three commercial cut flower cultivars of Anthurium andraeanum Hort. Indian J Exp Biol,41:154-9
Kadota M, Niimi Y.2002. In vitro induction of tetraploid plants from a diploid Japanese pear cultivar (Pyrus pyrifolia N. cv. Hosui). Plant Cell Rep,21:282-286
Karle R, Parks C A. O'Leary M C, Boyle T H.2002. Polyploidyinduced changes in the breeding behavior of Hatiora 9 graeseri (Cactaceae). J Am Soc Hortic Sci.127:397-403
Kehr A.1996. Woody plant polyploidy. Am Nurseryman 183:38-47
Kermani MJ. Sarasan V, Roberts AV, Yokoya K, Wentworth J, Sieber VK.2003. Oryzalin-induced chromosome doubling in Rosa and its effect on plant morphology and pollen viability. Theor Appl Genet,107:1195-1200
Khosravi P, Kermani M J, Nematzadeh G A, Bihamta M R, Yokoya K.2008. Role of mitotic inhibitors and genotype on chromosome doubling of Rosa. Euphytica,160:267-275
Kitamura S, Akutsu M, Okazaki K.2009. Mechanism of action of nitrous oxide gas applied as a polyploidizing agent during meiosis in lilies. Sex Plant Reprod,22:9-14
Kuehnle A R, Sugii N.1991. Induction of tumors in Anthurium andraeanum by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. HortScience.26:1325-1328
Kuehnle A R. Sugii N.1991. Callus induction and plantlet regeneration in tissue cultures of Hawaiian anthuriums. HortScience,26(7):919-921
Kuehnle A R, Chen F C, Sugii N.1992. Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in Anthurium andraeanum hybrids. Plant Cell Reports.11(9):438-442
Kunisaki J T.1980. In vitro propagation of Anthurium andreanum Lind. Hort Science,15:508-509
Leus L. Van Laere K. Dewitte A. Van Huylenbroeck J.2009. Flow cytometry for plant breeding. Acta Hort,836:221-226
Lewis D.1947. Competition and dominance of incompatibility alleles in diploid pollen. Heredity. 1:85-108
Li W D, Biswas D K. Xu H, Xu C Q. Wang X Z, Liu J K, Jiang G M.2009. Photosynthetic responses to chromosome doubling in relation to leaf anatomy in Lonicera japonica subjected to water stress. Funct Plant Biol.36:783-792
Lim K B. Ramanna M S, van Tuyl J M.2001. Comparison of homoeologous recombination frequency between mitotic and meiotic polyploidisation in BC 1 progeny of interspecific Lily hybrids. Acta Hort,552:65-72
Liu G, Li Z. Bao M.2007. Colchicine-induced chromosome doubling in Platanus acerifolia and its effect on plant morphology. Euphytica,157:145-154
Loureiro J, Rodriguez E. Dolezel J, Santos C.2007. Two new nuclear isolation buffers for plant DNA flow cytometry:a test with 37 species. Ann Bot,100(4):875-888
Luckett D.1989. Colchicine mutagenesis is associated with substantial heritable variation in cotton. Euphytica,42:177-182
Mable B K.2004. Polyploidy and self-incompatibility:is there an association? New Phytol.162:803-811
Martin K P, Joseph D, Madassery J, Phillip V J.2003.Direct shoot regeneration from lamina explants of two commercial cut flower cultivars of Anthurium andraeanum. Hort. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant, 39:500-504
Matsumoto T K. Kuehnle A R.1996. Micropropagation of Anthurium. In:Bajaj YPS, editor
Matsumoto, T K. Webb, D T, Kuehnle A R,1996. Histology and origin of somatic embryos derived from Anthurium andraeanum Linden ex Andre'lamina. J. Am.Soc. Hort. Sci,121 (3),404-407
Mears J A.1980. Chemistry of polyploids:a summary with comments on Parthenium (Asteraceae-Ambrosiinae). In:Lewis WH (ed) Polyploidy:biological relevance, vol 13. Plenum Press, New York, pp 77-102
Meyer E M. Touchell D H, Ranney T G.2009. In vitro shoot regeneration and polyploid induction from leaves of Hypericum species. Hortscience,44(7):1957-1961
Morejohn L C, Bureau T E. Molebajer J, Bajer A S, Fosket D E.1987. Oryzalin, a dinitroaniline herbicide. binds to plant tubulin and inhibits microtubule polymerization in vitro. Planta, 172:252-264
Morejohn L C, Bureau T E, Tocchi L P, Fosket D E.1984. Tubulins from different higher-plant species are immunologically nonidentical and bind colchicine differentially. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 81:1440-1444
Murashige T, Nakano R.1966. Tissue culture as a potential tool in obtaining polyploid plants. J Hered. 57:114-118
Murashige T, Skoog F.1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol Plant,15:473-497
Notsuka K, Tsuru T, Shiraishi M.2000. Induced polyploid grapes via in vitro chromosome doubling. J Jpn Soc Hortic Sci,69:543-551
Omran S A, Guerra-Sanz J M, Cardenas JAG.2008. Methodology of tetraploid induction and expression of microsatellite alleles in triploid watermelon. In:Proceedings IXth Eucarpia meeting on genetics and breeding of Cucurbitaceae, pp 381-384
Orlikowska T. Sabala 1. Nowak E.1995. Adventitious shoot regeneration on explants of Anthurium, Codiaeum, Dieffenbachia. Gerbera, Rosa and Spathiphyllum for breeding purposes. Acta Hortic, 420:115-7
Osborn T C, Pires J C, Birchler J A, Auger D L, Chen Z J, Lee H S, Comai L, Madlung A. Doerge RW, Colot V, Martienssen R A.2003. Understanding mechanisms of novel gene expression in polyploids. Trends Genet,19:141-147
Otto S P.2007. The evolutionary consequences of polyploidy. Cell,131:452-462
Ozcelik A, Ozkan. C F.2002. EC and pH changes of the growing media and nutrient solution during anthurium production in a closed system. Proc. IS on Salnution for Hort. Prod.Eds. U. Aksoy et al. Acta Hort,573.ISHS
Paden D W. Meyer M M. Rayburn A L.1990. Doubling chromosomes with colchicine treatment in vitro as determined by chloroplast number in epidermal guard cells. J Am Rhododendron Soc, 44:162-167
Pandey K K,1968. Colchicine-induced changes in the self-incompatibility behaviour of Nicotiana. Genetica,39:257-271
Parisod C, Holderegger R. Brochmann C.2010. Evolutionary consequences of autopolyploidy. New Phytol,186:5-17
Pei X S.1985. Polyploidy induction and breeding. Shangai Science and Technology Press, Shanghai, pp 95-98
Petersen K K, Hagberg P, Kristiansen K.2002. In vitro chromosome doubling of Miscanthus sinensis. Plant Breed,121:445-450
Petersen K K, Hagberg P, Kristiansen K.2003. Colchicine and oryzalin mediated chromosome doubling in different genotypes of Miscanthus sinensis. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult,73:137-146
Pierik R L M. Steegmans H H M.1976. Vegetative propagation of Anthurium scherzerianum Schott through callus cultures. Scientia Horticulturae. (4)3:291-292
Pierik R L M.1976. Anthurium andraeanum plantlets produced from callus tissues cultivated in vitro. Physiol Plant,37:80-82
Pierika R L M, Steegmansa H H M and Van Der Meysa J A J.1974. Plantlet formation in callus tissues of Anthurium andraeanum Lind. Scientia Horticulturae.2:193-198.
Planchais S, Glab N. Inze'D. Bergounioux C.2000. Chemical inhibitors:a tool for plant cell cycle studies. FEBS Lett.476:78-83
Ramsey J. Schemske D W.1998. Pathways, mechanisms, and rates of polyploidy formation in flowering plants. Annu Rev Ecol Syst,29:467-501
Ranamukhaarachchi D G, Henny R J, Guy C L and Li Q B.2001. DNA Fingerprinting to Identify Nine Anthurium Pot Plant Cultivars and Examine Their Genetic Relationship. HortScience, 36(4):758-760
Ranney T G.2006. Polyploidy:from evolution to new plant development. Proc Int Plant Propagators Soc,56:137-142
Riddle N C. Kato A, Birchler J A.2006. Genetic variation for the response to ploidy change in Zea mays L. Theor Appl Genet,114:101-111
Roberts A. Lloyd D. Short K.1990. In vitro procedures for the induction of tetraploidy in a diploid rose. Euphytica,49:33-38
Roberts A V.2007. The use of bead beating to prepare suspensions of nuclei for flow cytometry from fresh leaves, herbarium leaves, petals and pollen. Cytom Part A.71:1039-1044
Rose J B, Kubba J. Tobutt K R.2000a. Induction of tetraploidy in Buddleia globosa. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult,63:121-125
Rubuluza T, Nikolova R V, Smith M T, Hannweg K.2007. In vitro induction of tetraploids in Colophospermum mopane by colchicine. S Afr J Bot,73:259-261
Shao J, Chen C, Deng X.2003. In vitro induction of tetraploid in pomegranate(Punica granatum). Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult,75:241-246
Sheffer R D, Croat T B.1983. Chromosome Numbers in the Genus Anthurium(Araceae) Ⅱ. Amer J Bot, 70:858-871
Sheffer R D, Kamemoto H.1976. Chromosome Numbers in the Genus Anthurium. Amer J Bot,63: 74-81
Shiga Ⅰ. Uno Y, Kanechi M. Inagaki N.2009. Identification of polyploidy of in vitro anther-derived shoots of Asparagus officinalis L. by flow cytometric analysis and measurement of stomatal length. J Jpn Soc Hortic Sci,78(1):103-108
Sikdar A K, Jolly M S.1994. Induced polyploidy in mulberry (Morns spp.):induction of tetraploids. Sericologia,34:105-116
Smith K F, McFarlane N M, Croft V M, Trigg P J, Kearney G A.2003. The effects of ploidy and seed mass on the emergence and early vigour of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cultivars. Aust J Exp Agr,43:481-486
Soltis P S, Soltis D E.2000. The role of genetic and genomic attributes in the success of polyploids. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.97:7051-7057
Stanys V, Weckman A, Staniene G, Duchovskis P.2006. In vitro induction of polyploidy in japanese quince (Chaenomeles japonica). Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult,84:263-268
Stebbins G L.1950. Variation and evolution in plants. Columbia University Press, New York
Stebbins G L.1971. Chromosome evolution in higher plants. Edward Arnold. London
Stout A B. Chandler C.1942. Hereditary transmission of induced tetraploidy and compatibility in fertilisation. Science,96:257-258
Subrahmanyam N. Kasha K.1975. Chromosome doubling of barley haploids by nitrous oxide and colchicine treatments. Can J Genet Cytol,17:573-583
Sugiyana S.2005. Polyploidy and cellular mechanisms changing leaf size:comparision of diploid and autotetraploid populations in two species of Lolium. Ann Bot,96:931-938
Sun Q R, Sun H S. Li L G. Bell R L.2009. In vitro colchicine-induced polyploid plantlet production and regeneration from leaf explants of the diploid pear (Pyrus communis L.) cultivar'Fertility". J Hortic Sci Biotech,84(5):548-552
Takamura T, Lim K B. van Tuyl J M.2002. Effect of a new compound on the mitotic polyploidisation of Lilium longiflorum and Oriental hybrid lilies. Acta Hort,572:37-40
Takamura T, Miyajima I.1996. Colchicine induced tetraploids in yellow-flowered cyclamens and their characteristics. Sci Hortic.65:305-312
Tal M.1980. Physiology of polyploids. In:Lewis WH (ed) Polyploidy:biological relevance, vol 13. Plenum Press. New York, pp 61-76
Taylor N, Anderson M, Wuesenberry K, Watson L.1976. Doubling the chromosome number of Trifolium species using nitrous oxide. Crop Sci.16:516-518
Teng W L.1997. Regeneration of Anthurium adventitious shoots using liquid or raft culture. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture.49:153-156
Thao N. Ureshino K, Miyajima 1. Ozaki Y, Okubo H.2003. Induction of tetraploids in ornamental Alocasia through colchicine and oryzalin treatments. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult,72:19-25
Thomas H.1993. Chromosome manipulation and polyploidy. In:Hayward MD, Bosemark NO, Romagosa I (eds) Plant breeding:principles and prospects. Chapmann and Hall. London, pp 79-92
Va"ino"la" A.2000. Polyploidization and early screening of Rhododendron hybrids. Euphytica, 112:239-244
Vai"no"la" A, Repo T.2001. Polyploidisation of Rhododendron cultivars in vitro and how it affects cold hardiness. Acta Hort,560:319-322
Van Laere K.2008. Interspecific hybridisation in woody ornamentals. PhD thesis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University
Van Laere K, Van Huylenbroeck J. Van Bockstaele E.2006. Breeding strategies to increase genetic variability in Hibiscus syriacus. Acta Hort,714:75-81
Van Tuyl J M, Van Holsteijn HCM.1996. Lily breeding research in the Netherlands. Acta Hort. 414:35-45
Vanstechelman I. Eeckhaut T. Van Huylenbroeck J. Van Labeke M.2010. Histogenic analysis of chemically induced mixoploids in Spathiphyllum wallisii. Euphytica,174:61-72
Vanzie-Canton S D, Leonhardt K W.2009. In vivo polyploidization of Zamioculcas Zamiifolia. Acta Hort (ISHS) 813:531-538 http://www.actahort.org/books/813/813_72.htm
Vaughn K.2000. Anticytoskeletal herbicides. In:Nick P (ed) Plant microtubules. potential for biotechnology. Springer, Berlin. pp 193-205
Wu JH, Mooney P.2002. Autotetraploid tangor plant regeneration form in vitro citrus somatic embryogenic callus treated with colchicine. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult,70:99-104
Xiong Y C, Li F M, Zhang T.2006. Performance of wheat crops with different chromosome ploidy: root-sourced signals, drought tolerance, and yield performance. Planta,224:710-718
Yamaguchi M.1989. Basic studies on the flower color breeding of carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus L.). Bull Fac Hort Miamikyusyu Univ,19:1-79
Yan Y, Chemler J, Huang L, Martens S, Koffas M A G.2005. Metabolic engineering of anthocyanin biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. Appl Environ Microbiol,71:3617-23
Yang X, Cao Z, An L, Wang Y, Fang X.2006. In vitro tetraploid induction via colchicine treatment from diploid somatic embryos in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). Euphytica,152:217-224
Yao J, Cohen D.1996. Production of triploid Zantedeschia hybrids using embryo rescue. New Zeal. J. Crop Hort.24:297-30110.1080/01140671.1996.9513965
Young D, Lewandowski V.2000. Covalent binding of the benzamide RH-4032 to tubulin in suspension-cultured tobacco cells and its application in a cell-based competitive-binding assay. Plant Physiol,124:115-124
Young D, Tice C, Michelotti E. Roemelle R, Slawecki R, Rubio F, Rolling J.2001. Structure-activity relationships of phenylcyclohexene and biphenyl antitubulin compounds against plant and mammalian cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett.11:1393-1396
Yu Y X, Liu L, Liu J X and Wang J.2009. Plant Regeneration by Callus-Mediated Protocorm-Like Body Induction of Anthurium andraeanum Hort. Agricultural Sciences in China,8(5):572-577
Zhang J, Zhang M, Deng X.2007. Obtaining autotetraploids in vitro at a high frequency in Citrus sinensis. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult,89:211-216
Zhang Q Y, Luo F X. Liu L, Guo F C.2010a. In vitro induction of tetraploids in crape myrtle (Lagerstroemia indica L.). Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult,101:41-47
Zhang X Y, Hu C G, Yao J L.2010b. Tetraploidization of diploid Dioscorea results in activation of the antioxidant defense system and increased heat tolerance. J Plant Physiol,167:88-94
Zhang Z, Dai H. Xiao M, Liu X.2008. In vitro induction of tetraploids in Phlox subulata L. Euphytica, 159:59-65
Zlesak D, Thill C, Anderson N.2005. Trifluralin-mediated polyploidization of Rosa chinensis minima (Sims) Voss. Euphytica,141:281-290
曹冬梅,王云山,康黎芳,张超，刘琛彬.2007.高温对红掌幼苗叶片茉莉酸浓度及抗氧化系统的影响.中国生态农业学报,15(5)：102-104
蔡能,易自力,黄丽芳.2005.安祖花离体培养快速繁殖技术的优化.中南林学院学报，25(3)：85-88
蔡维藩.2002.红掌组织培养与快速繁殖.亚热带植物科学,31(3)：66-68
岑益群，蒋如敏，邓志龙.1993.安祖花离体增殖的形态发生与理化因子效应.园艺学报,20(2)：187-192
陈超，王桂兰,邸智勇.2008.红掌愈伤组织和再生团块发育过程中糖和蛋白质的组织化学研究.园艺学报.35(10)：1484-1490
陈春满,蒋雄辉,叶燕.2008.红掌叶片成熟度对愈伤诱导效果的影响.广东农业科学,(7)：54-55
陈春满,郑贵朝,张善信,蒋雄辉,陈文妮.2008.不同栽培基质对红掌组培苗移栽成活及生长发育的影响.广东农业科学.(2)：28-30
陈春满,郑健临，叶燕,蒋雄辉.2008.物理条件对红掌组培苗生根和生长的影响.热带作物学报.29(4)：435-438
陈海,黄小江,林思诚，梁云芳,蓝水平.2009.红掌组织培养和快速繁殖技术.广西热带农业,(3)：6-8
陈义挺,赖钟雄.李焕苓.何园.林玉玲,邵巍,蔡英卿.2009.NaCl、光和温度胁迫对龙眼胚性愈伤组织GPX酶活性的影响.中国农学通报,25(07)：149-153.
陈育青.2006.红掌的叶片培养及快速繁殖技术研究.江西农业学报.18(4)：104-105
从心黎.黄绵佳,杨意伯.2007.干旱胁迫对红掌离体叶片生理指标的影响.广西农业科学,38(6)：669-672
从心黎,黄绵佳,冯妍,杨意伯.2008.外源壳聚糖对干旱胁迫下红掌苗的生理效应.植物生理学通讯，44(1)：102-105
丛汉卿.徐立.信彩云,李志英.2009.红掌突变体花青素含量的测定与比较.安徽农业科学，37(17)：7832-7834
单芹丽,赵辉,奎丽梅.邓君浪,王玉宝.2003.红掌的栽培与管理技术.北方园艺,(2)：38-39
德才.徐培文.2003.植物组织培养与工厂化育苗.北京：化学工业出版社,52-62
杜宝贵,黄丽娟,张志胜,黎扬辉,梁彩红,易悉升.2009年增刊.红掌花药培养.生物技术通报,189-195
段鹏慧.殷嘉俭,李兴泽.张先平.2008.红掌叶片水藻生长条件及其对红掌生长的影响.安徽农业科学,36(6)：2311-2312
樊明寿，张福锁.2002.植物通气组织的形成过程和生理生态学意义.植物生理学通讯,38(6)：615-618.
费金喜.强继业.2006.60Colγ射线辐射对红掌生化成分的影响.安徽农业科学.34(4)：616,618.
高安辉,韦茜，陈家龙,李兴忠,杨再英.2005.盆栽红掌快速分株繁殖试验.西南园艺,33(5)：12-13
高惠兰,柳振誉.叶静水，陈瑞贺.2005.冷锻炼对低温胁迫下红掌叶片膜脂过氧化及保护酶活性 的影响.福建农业学报,20(2)：108-112
高雷.赵卫国，莫东发,张正伟,崔文山.2008.不同栽培基质对红掌组培出瓶苗生长的影响.北方园艺,(7)：164-166
高丽霞,严秋梅.2008.不同产地泥炭对进口盆栽红掌幼苗生长的影响.安徽农业科学,36(18)：7627-7628,7631
高遐虹,李梅.1995.安祖花叶片的离体培养.北京农学院学报,10(2)：35-38
郭军战,费昭雪,成密红.2006.红掌不同外植体愈伤组织诱导与不定芽分化的研究.西北林学院学报,21(3)：72-74
郭维明,赵云鹏,文方德.2004.花烛愈伤组织不同继代培养的再分化差异.园艺学报,31(1)：69-72
韩忻彦,王云山,张超,康黎芳,曹冬梅.2009.外源茉莉酸对高温胁迫下的红掌幼苗的影响.中国农学通报,25(20)：144-148
浩仁塔本,余伟莅.1991.安祖花的组织培养与快速繁殖.植物生理学通讯，(6)：432
洪生标,林汉锐,钟融融.2004.红掌盆花栽培技术.广东农业科学,(6)：80-81
华春,王仁雷.2003.杂交稻及其三系叶片衰老过程中SOD、CAT活性和MDA含量的变化.西北植物学报,23(3)：406-409
黄萍萍,张志勇,粱金平,陈炳全,苏珍山.2006.红掌快速繁殖及栽培管理技术.广西农业科学,37(2)：113-116
黄群声.2004.TDZ和CPPU对红掌快速繁殖的影响.亚热带植物科学,33(3)：39-41
贾永芳,李名扬.2002.安祖花研究进展.江苏林业科技.29(4)：43-49
江如蓝,张施君，郑迎冬,杨承勇.周厚高.2002.红掌的组织培养和快速繁殖.仲恺农业技术学院学报.15(4)：49-53
姜蕾.兰天维，黎扬辉,易懋升,梁彩红,张志胜.2006.影响红掌愈伤组织诱导、增殖和芽分化的因素.种子,25(11)：26-30
姜蕾,易懋生,兰天维,黎扬辉,夏晴,张志胜.2006.红掌种子萌发特性的研究.种子,25(1)：19-22
蒋桂芝,赵丽芳.2003.西双版纳红掌栽培常见病害初报.热带农业科技.26(1)：14-15
康博文.李文华,刘建军,撒文清.2009.ALA对红掌叶片光合作用及叶绿素荧光参数的影响.西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),37(4)：97-101.
兰芹英,仇玉萍,张远辉，殷寿华.2003.不同红掌品种的叶片、叶柄和茎段愈伤组织的诱导及植株再生.西北植物学报.23(6)：1006-1009
兰芹英,李启任,何惠英,张艳军,解星云.2003.红掌愈伤组织诱导和芽的分化.园艺学报,30(1)：107-109
黎扬辉,刘镇南,钟国君,周晓云,陈剑华,伍树桐，王勇胜,陈一新,黄明翅，宿庆连.2006.广州 地区红掌盆花生产技术规程.广东农业科学.(6)：76-79
李永华,苏志国,杨秋生,叶庆生.2008.长期C02加富对红掌某些光合参数和生物量的影响.河南科学，26(4)：430-433
李永华,王献.孔德政、叶庆生.2007.长期C02加富对苗期红掌(Anthurium andraeanum L)植株生长和光合作用的影响.生态学报，27(5)：1852-1857
李永华,武荣花,杨秋生，叶庆生.2006.短期C02加富对苗期红掌生长及光合作用的影响.河南农业大学学报，40(6)607-610
李永华,刘丽娜,叶庆生.2005.高CO2浓度对红掌的生长和光合作用的影响.热带亚热带植物学报，13(4)：343-346
李枝林,郑丽.1997.红掌研究综述.云南农业大学学报.12(2)：143-146
李志芳，叶秦.赵贵林,曾绮玲,黄定华.刘仕康.1997.花烛的组织培养与快速繁殖.植物生理学通讯,33(3)：197-201
李志芳,叶秦,赵贵林等.1997.花烛的组织培养与快速繁殖.植物生理学通讯.33(3)：197
林智文.2000.红掌产业概况与展望.中花园艺,79：60-61
刘清丽.赵培互.2009.红掌缺素症状研究.黑龙江农业科学,(1)：70-71
刘琼光,梁建梅,李志伟,曾伟达.2007.红掌细菌性叶枯病的病原鉴定.华中农业大学学报.26(2)：174-177
刘素青，赵丽芳.1999.红掌茎基腐病病原鉴定.云南农业大学学报，14(2)：128-131
刘先宝,蔡吉苗黄,贵修.2007.海南省红掌穿孔线虫的鉴定.热带农业科学,27(3)：20-23
刘永金,李文华，张玲.曾振平,徐滔.2005.红掌切花产量与气候因子的相关性研究.云南农业大学学报，20(6)：819-824
吕复兵,王碧青,廖飞雄，朱根发,李卫华.2002.红掌叶片离体培养与植株再生研究.广东农业科学,(6)：24-25
吕佩珂.段半锁,苏慧兰.2001.中国花卉病虫原色图鉴.北京：蓝天出版社。
马旭俊,朱大海.2003.植物超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的研究进展.遗传，25(2)：225-231
苗雨晨，白玲，苗琛,陈珈.宋纯鹏.2005.植物谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶研究进展.植物学通报.22(3)：350-356
莫名雪，何丽贞,田智.2005.红掌盆栽品种的引种表现及配套栽培技术.广东农业科学,(4)：52-53
欧文军,李洪立,尹俊梅.2002.红掌切花栽培中常见病虫害及防治.云南农业科技,(4)：34-37
潘学峰,潘梅，洪世军.2000.红掌叶片愈伤组织的诱导与植株再生.海南大学学报自然科学版,18(2)：144-149
乔永旭，张永平,陈超,王桂兰.2009.简易设施盆栽红掌周年高效栽培技术.北方园艺.(5)：150-151
却志群，卢其能,沈春修.2008.红掌组织培养技术研究.北方园艺.(11)：153-154
盛爱武,何泉,赵银芳,张晚风.2005.栽培介质、营养液及化学药剂对红掌生长开花的影响.亚热带植物科学,34(3)：34-36
盛爱武，叶向斌,侯碧清.敖卓尚，陈利勇.2000.红掌抗热性研究初探.仲恺农业技术学院学报，13(1)：23-26
束晓春,彭峰,李乃伟,何树兰，夏冰.2009.红掌组织培养研究.江苏农业科学,(2)：67-69
孙敬三,钱迎倩.1987.植物细胞学研究方法.北京科学出版社：134-137,149-151.
陶仕珍.林开文,王济红.2007.不同基质与施肥方案对红掌幼苗生长的影响.西南林学院学报,27(2)：37-40
王桂兰,陈超，李朝霞.李伟.林小静.2005.红掌气生根根段再生快繁体系的建立.植物生理学通讯.41(3)：297-301
王桂兰,陈超,李伟,李艳梅.2006.红掌叶片愈伤组织和气生根再生团块的细胞学研究.园艺学报,33(3)：587-591
王桂兰,李艳梅,林小静,陈超.2006.红掌组培苗移栽与养护技术的研究.北方园艺,(2)：32-34
王进茂,郑均宝,高秀丽,徐振华,张法勇.2000.花烛组织培养的研究.河北林果研究，15(1)：69-74
王丽平,周晓云.2007.24%雷通悬浮液防治红掌斜纹夜蛾药效试验.广东农业科学,(4)：65-66
吴海红,印东生,赵兴华,闫立萍.2008.红掌盆栽品种组织培养及种苗快繁技术.北方园艺,(9)：159-161
夏春华.2000.安祖花研究进展.热带农业科学,(3)：49-53.
夏时云,麦瑜玲，林书瀚,吴国智.2007.红掌叶片离体培养过程中酶活性及可溶性蛋白质含量的变化.华北农学报,22(6)：195-198
夏时云，麦瑜玲.许继勇,刘焕新,郑添群，林书瀚，郑少平.2006.红掌叶片离体培养过程中内源激素含量的变化.华北农学报.21(3)：16-18
夏时云,麦瑜玲,许继勇,郑添群,林书瀚,黄伟雄.2005.提高红掌叶片愈伤组织诱导和植株分化及壮苗率的技术研究.中国农学通报,21(2)：45-48
邢红梅,丁平,周晓云,王克荣.2008.红掌胶胞炭疽菌的分子检测.植物病理学报,38(2)：113-119
邢红梅.丁平,王克荣,周晓云.2009.红掌炭疽病病原的分离鉴定及其核糖体DNA-ITS序列分析.园艺学报,36(5)：743-748
许萍,张丕方.1996.关于植物细胞脱分化的研究概况.植物学通报,13(1)：20-24
许秀惠,林俊义.1998.台湾红掌细菌性叶枯病及其病原菌对药剂之感受性.植物保护学会会刊,40(4)：409-417
杨涛,陈德海,吴荔萍.1998.安祖花组织培养及其细胞和叶绿体发育过程的电镜观察.亚热带植物通讯,27(1)：1-7
杨显志，张玲琪，王磊.2002.红掌组培苗污染微生物的分离鉴定和防治.西南农业学报, 15(3)：119-]21
易懋升，黎扬辉，张志胜,刘琳，兰天维，夏晴，谭玉凤.2005.红掌种质资源数据库的建立.广东农业科学,(1)：8-11
原红娟.尉淑珍,李鸿俊,陈莉.2009.水培与土培红掌根系结构比较.安徽农业科学,37(1)：117-118
张超,徐春玲,武玉环,谢辉.2009.4种杀线虫剂对红掌相似穿孔线虫病的防治效果.华中农业大学学报，28(5)：551-555
张荣意，谭志琼，林兴祖.2001.红掌细菌性叶枯病的症状和病原鉴定.热带作物学报.22(2)：47-51
张荣意.谭志琼.刘爱荣，文衍堂.2003.黄单胞菌引致红掌疫病的症状和病原菌鉴定.热带作物学报,24(2)：81-85
张弢.2009.红掌基因组DNA提取方法的优化.安徽农业科学.37(19)：8879-8880
张燕,黎斌,李思锋,陈正华.2009.用激光微束穿刺法将双抗虫基因导入红掌的研究.激光生物学报.18(1)：1-5
张寅玲,刘艳军,黄俊轩,李建科,杨霞,杨静慧，汪海霞.2006.含内生茵外植体红掌组培方法的研究.西南园艺.34(6)：9-11
张震霞.2006.红掌组织培养进展.韩山师范学院学报,27(3)：105-108
张志胜.黎扬辉,姜蕾.李运,王朱莹,夏晴,易懋升.2007.红掌四倍体的离体诱导及其鉴定.园艺学报,34(3)：729-734
赵云鹏,郭维明,王广东,文方德.2004.花烛离体体培养中的壮苗.植物生理通讯,40(1)：48-50
赵云鹏,郭维明,王广东.2005.花烛不同愈伤组织解剖结构的观察.园艺学报,32(1)：60-64.
郑晓慧.戚佩坤，姜子德.2001.广州地区天南星科观赏植物上的几种新真菌病害——1.华南农业大学学报，22(1)：51-53
郑晓慧,向梅梅,姜子德.2004.拟茎点霉属—新种—花烛拟茎点霉.仲恺农业技术学院学报,17(4)：7-9
中国农业百科全书编辑部.1996.中国农业百科全书(观赏园艺).北京：农业出版社.200-201
仲磊,梁珍海,朱军.2002.红掌袋式与瓶式组织培养生产性指标比较试验.江苏林业科技,29(3)：25-27
周红龙.2005.我国红掌发展现状和存在问题浅议.热带农业科技,28(1)：33-36.
朱饱卿，柴向华,李军.曾宝挡,王细燕.2004.红掌的花序培养及快速繁殖技术研究.中国农学通报.20(4)：223-224