基于电驱动变速器的充电式混合动力客车驱动系统设计
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摘要
随着能源危机和环境污染问题日益加重,传统汽车的使用不断面临着节能、减排的诘难,人们发现汽车行业的前途关键在于发展新能源,新能源汽车将成为最有前景的新兴产业。在这个大背景下,纯电动汽车、充电式混合动力汽车以及燃料电池电动汽车等成为汽车行业研发的热点方向。
文中通过介绍我国政府对新能源汽车产业的扶持政策、与其相关的基础配套设施建设如充电站的发展建设以及充电式混合动力汽车的国内外发展现状,说明了发展充电式混合动力的机遇。并与普通混合动力进行比较,得出发展充电式混合动力的优势。
本文以与武汉理工通宇新能源动力有限公司合作的电驱动自动变速系统项目为依托,进行充电式混合动力城市客车的研究与设计。在已有车型WD6100HN的基础上,设计一个布置紧凑、结构简单、匹配合理、传动高效的PHEV驱动系统。在分析和比较了混合动力的各种驱动系统结构的优缺点后,采用了单轴并联式的结构设计及后驱的驱动方式。另外,车辆动力系统由整车控制器控制,发动机与电机的动力耦合通过自动离合器来实现。
在设计目标的要求下,对WD6100HN进行驱动系统各部件的选型和参数匹配,确定了发动机、电机、变速器及蓄电池组的各项参数。其中,采用的变速器是武汉理工大学汽车学院自主研发的电驱动自动变速器,它将电机与变速箱集成在一起,通过电机调速实现主动同步换档。本文在参考了当前各种混合动力汽车控制策略,结合了设计车辆驱动系统的特点、变速器的换档控制方案以及我国典型城市公交循环工况的特点后,提出了合适的整车控制策略。在初步设计完成后,本文还对设计车辆进行了仿真验算。在ADVISOR仿真软件中,建立该车辆的发动机模型、电机模型、变速器模型、蓄电池模型、整车模型及控制策略模型,并把中国典型城市公交循环工况导入其中,并在操作界面中输入各项参数,最后进行仿真分析。通过仿真得到了该车辆的最高车速、加速性能、爬坡性能、百公里油耗以及发动机和电机的工作点分布,这些结果表明车辆达到了预期的设计要求,说明本设计是合理的。
With the energy crisis and environment problem getting worse, the use of traditional cars is continuous questioned by energy saving and emission reduction. It is considered that the future of the automobile industry is new energy vehicle, and it will become the most promising industry. In this background, BEV, PHEV, FCEV turn into the hot direction of research and development in auto industry.
In this paper, it introduce the supportive policy of new energy vehicle by our government, the construction and development of related basal supporting facility such as charging station, and the present development situation of PHEV at home and abroad. As a result, the opportunity of developing PHEV is coming. Comparing to the ordinary hybrid cars, it gets the advantages of PHEV.
Based on the EMT project from Wuhan Tongyu Company of new energy resources, the plug-in hybrid electric city bus is researched and designed. On the basic of existing vehicle WD6100HN, it designs a PHEV driving system with compact arrangement, simple mechanism, reasonable matching and high transmission. With analyzing various kinds of HEV driving system structure, it chooses the single axle parallel hybrid system and RWD drive mode. Besides, the vehicle power system is controlled by HCU, the power coupling between engine and motor is achieved by an automatic clutch.
Requested by the design objective, it choose component model of vehicle WD6100HN driving system and match parameters of energy, motor, transmission and storage battery. It uses the self-research EMT system by Automotive School of Wuhan University of Technology. It is an integration of motor and gear box, and it complete shift gears by motor's active speed governing. Referring to current HEV control policies, and combining with the driving system's characteristic of design vehicle, the control policy of transmission's shifting gears and the peculiarity of Chinese typical city bus road condition, it put forward a suitable vehicle control policy. After finishing the initial design, it checks the designing through simulation. In the simulating software ADVISOR, it builds the engine model, motor model, transmission model, storage battery model, vehicle model and control policy model, guides the Chinese typical city bus road condition into the software, inputs each parameter in the operator interface, and finally do the simulation analysis. And then it gets the results of max speed, acceleration performance, climbing performance, the vehicle fuel consumption per hundred kilometers and the working point distribution map of engine and motor. These-results demonstrate that the design reaches design requirements and the whole design is reasonable.
文中通过介绍我国政府对新能源汽车产业的扶持政策、与其相关的基础配套设施建设如充电站的发展建设以及充电式混合动力汽车的国内外发展现状,说明了发展充电式混合动力的机遇。并与普通混合动力进行比较,得出发展充电式混合动力的优势。
本文以与武汉理工通宇新能源动力有限公司合作的电驱动自动变速系统项目为依托,进行充电式混合动力城市客车的研究与设计。在已有车型WD6100HN的基础上,设计一个布置紧凑、结构简单、匹配合理、传动高效的PHEV驱动系统。在分析和比较了混合动力的各种驱动系统结构的优缺点后,采用了单轴并联式的结构设计及后驱的驱动方式。另外,车辆动力系统由整车控制器控制,发动机与电机的动力耦合通过自动离合器来实现。
在设计目标的要求下,对WD6100HN进行驱动系统各部件的选型和参数匹配,确定了发动机、电机、变速器及蓄电池组的各项参数。其中,采用的变速器是武汉理工大学汽车学院自主研发的电驱动自动变速器,它将电机与变速箱集成在一起,通过电机调速实现主动同步换档。本文在参考了当前各种混合动力汽车控制策略,结合了设计车辆驱动系统的特点、变速器的换档控制方案以及我国典型城市公交循环工况的特点后,提出了合适的整车控制策略。在初步设计完成后,本文还对设计车辆进行了仿真验算。在ADVISOR仿真软件中,建立该车辆的发动机模型、电机模型、变速器模型、蓄电池模型、整车模型及控制策略模型,并把中国典型城市公交循环工况导入其中,并在操作界面中输入各项参数,最后进行仿真分析。通过仿真得到了该车辆的最高车速、加速性能、爬坡性能、百公里油耗以及发动机和电机的工作点分布,这些结果表明车辆达到了预期的设计要求,说明本设计是合理的。
With the energy crisis and environment problem getting worse, the use of traditional cars is continuous questioned by energy saving and emission reduction. It is considered that the future of the automobile industry is new energy vehicle, and it will become the most promising industry. In this background, BEV, PHEV, FCEV turn into the hot direction of research and development in auto industry.
In this paper, it introduce the supportive policy of new energy vehicle by our government, the construction and development of related basal supporting facility such as charging station, and the present development situation of PHEV at home and abroad. As a result, the opportunity of developing PHEV is coming. Comparing to the ordinary hybrid cars, it gets the advantages of PHEV.
Based on the EMT project from Wuhan Tongyu Company of new energy resources, the plug-in hybrid electric city bus is researched and designed. On the basic of existing vehicle WD6100HN, it designs a PHEV driving system with compact arrangement, simple mechanism, reasonable matching and high transmission. With analyzing various kinds of HEV driving system structure, it chooses the single axle parallel hybrid system and RWD drive mode. Besides, the vehicle power system is controlled by HCU, the power coupling between engine and motor is achieved by an automatic clutch.
Requested by the design objective, it choose component model of vehicle WD6100HN driving system and match parameters of energy, motor, transmission and storage battery. It uses the self-research EMT system by Automotive School of Wuhan University of Technology. It is an integration of motor and gear box, and it complete shift gears by motor's active speed governing. Referring to current HEV control policies, and combining with the driving system's characteristic of design vehicle, the control policy of transmission's shifting gears and the peculiarity of Chinese typical city bus road condition, it put forward a suitable vehicle control policy. After finishing the initial design, it checks the designing through simulation. In the simulating software ADVISOR, it builds the engine model, motor model, transmission model, storage battery model, vehicle model and control policy model, guides the Chinese typical city bus road condition into the software, inputs each parameter in the operator interface, and finally do the simulation analysis. And then it gets the results of max speed, acceleration performance, climbing performance, the vehicle fuel consumption per hundred kilometers and the working point distribution map of engine and motor. These-results demonstrate that the design reaches design requirements and the whole design is reasonable.
引文
[1]何光宇,孙英云.智能电网基础[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2010.
[2]蔡海霄,王宇.美、欧、中对节能与新能源的推广应用[J].交通世界,2009.
[3]江克宜,王波,张勇.我国电动汽车充电市场发展初期各方责任探讨[J].电力需求侧管理,2010,(6)：73-74.
[4]陈全世,朱家琏,田光宇.先进电动汽车技术[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2007.
[5]王刚,周荣,乔维高.电动汽车充电技术研究[J].农业装备与车辆工程,2008,(6)：7-9.
[6]周勇.智能电网的发展现状、优势及前景[J].黑龙江电力,2009,(6)：404-406.
[7]王仁祥,王小曼.终端用户分布式新能源接入智能配电网技术研究[J].电气技术,2010,(8)：58-62.
[8]徐萍萍.并联式混合动力电动汽车能量管理策略与应用技术研究[D].北京：北京工业大学,2010.
[9]Markowitz J, Duvall M. Plug-in hybrid electric van fleet test and demonstration[DB/CD], EVS-23 California, US,2007.
[10]Nelson P, Amine K, Rousseau A, et al. Advanced lithium-Ion batteries for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles[DB/CD], EVS-23 California, US,2007.
[11]熊志伟.混合动力城市客车动力系统研究[D].武汉：武汉理工大学汽车学院,2006.
[12]陈清泉,孙逢春.混合电动车辆基础[M].北京：北京理工大学出版社,2001
[13]杨金星,周荣,乔维高.Plug-in混合动力电动汽车的研究分析[J].汽车工程师,2009,(10)：23-25.
[14]李锦,徐兆坤,许建昌.浅谈PHEV的发展现状及趋势[J].上海汽车,2009,(2)：10-12.
[15]陈树勇,陈全世,田光宇等.可外接充电式HEV的研究与发展[J].交通信息与安全,2009.27(2)：134-139.
[16]常思勤.汽车动力装置[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2006.
[17]曾鑫,丁群燕,高海宁.现代车用自动变速箱技术[J].黄冈职业技术学院学报,2004,(9)：61-64
[18]Ohashi A, Sato Y, et al. Development of High-Efficiency CVT for Luxury Compact Vehicle. SAE 2005-01-1019.
[19]Kazerounian K, Zoltan FS. Parallel Disk Continuously Variable Transmission (PDCVT). Mechanism and Machine Theory,2006, (41):537-566.
[20]Scherer H. ZF 6-speed Automatic Transmission for Passenger Cars. SAE 2003-01-0596.
[21]牛铭奎,高炳钊,葛安林等.双离合器式自动变速系统[J].汽车技术,2004(6)：1-3.
[22]吴光强,杨伟斌,秦大同.双离合器式自动变速器控制系统的关键技术[J].机械工程学报,2007,43(2)：13-21.
[23]刘振军,秦大同,胡建军等.车辆双离合器自动变速传动技术研究进展分析[J].农业机械学报,2005,36(11)：161-164.
[24]陈丽平.电动汽车电驱动自动变速器系统的设计及研究[J].装备制造技术,2011(4)：57-59.
[25]王辉.有源同步自动变速器的研发[D].武汉：武汉理工大学汽车学院,2007.
[26]吴森,周炳锋,樊荣.基于电机主动同步原理的AMT设计[J].武汉理工大学学报,2010.32(4)：569-572
[27]辛明华,赵春明,范京.插电式混合动力汽车动力系统总体设计[J].汽车工程师,2010,(10)：29-32.
[28]日本电气学会,电动汽车驱动系统调查专门委员会.电动汽车最新技术[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2008.
[29]刘晓康,汪斌,余向东,吴杰余.并联式混合动力电动汽车电池参数优选[J].汽车工程,2007.29(7)：571-573
[30]武小兰,王军平,曹秉刚等.充电式混合动力电动汽车动力系统的参数匹配[J].汽车工程,2008,(12)：1095-1098.
[31]余志生.汽车理论[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2009.
[32]赵世科.串联式混合动力电动汽车经济性研究[D].武汉：武汉理工大学汽车学院,2005.
[33]Koichi fukuo etc. Development of the ultra-low-fuel-consumption hybrid car-INSIGHT[J]. JSAE Review,2001 (22):195-103.
[34]Zhu Zhengli, Zhang Jianwu, Yin Chengliang. Optimization Approach for Hybrid Electric Vehicle Powertrain Design. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2005:30-36.
[35]王世新,徐勇.混合动力电动汽车动力传动系统的研究[J].机械研究与应用,2005,18(6)：28-29
[36]刘松灵.插电式全混混合动力轿车控制策略研究与整车性能仿真分析[D].上海：上海交通大学,2009.
[37]Jong-Seob Won, Reza Langari. Intelligent Energy Management Agent for a Parallel Hybrid Vehicle. IEEE 2003:7803-7896.
[38]Valerie H. Johnson, Keith B. Wipke and David J. Rausen, HEV control Strategy for real-time of fuel economy and emission, SAE 2000-01-143.
[39]曾小华,王庆年等,基于ADVISOR2002混合动力汽车控制策略模块开发[J].汽车工程,2004,(4)：395-399.
[40]In T.Markel, A.Brooker, J.Gonder, Plug-In Hybrid Vehicle Analysis, the Advanced Automotive Battery Conference in Baltimore, Maryland[C].National Renewable Energy Laboratory, November2006:159-168.
[41]Antonis I. Antoniou, Jonathan Komyathy, Justin Bench, Ali Emadi. Modeling and Simulation of Various Hybrid-Electric Configurations of the High-Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle. MARCH.2007.
[42]Xie Hui and Ding Yunbo. The Study of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Power Management Strategy Simulation. Tian jin university,2008.
[43]Hisashi Ishitani. Introduction to Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles Overview[C]. Yokohama, Japan:EVS-22 Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Workshop,2006:24-34.
[44]H. Hannoun, D. Diallo, C. Marchand. Energy Management Strategy for a parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle using Fuzzy Logic. SPEEDAM.2006.
[45]D.Assanis, G.Delagrammatikas, R.Fellini. An Optimization Approach to Hybrid Electric Propulsion System Design. The University of Michigan Ann Arbor,2006.
[2]蔡海霄,王宇.美、欧、中对节能与新能源的推广应用[J].交通世界,2009.
[3]江克宜,王波,张勇.我国电动汽车充电市场发展初期各方责任探讨[J].电力需求侧管理,2010,(6)：73-74.
[4]陈全世,朱家琏,田光宇.先进电动汽车技术[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2007.
[5]王刚,周荣,乔维高.电动汽车充电技术研究[J].农业装备与车辆工程,2008,(6)：7-9.
[6]周勇.智能电网的发展现状、优势及前景[J].黑龙江电力,2009,(6)：404-406.
[7]王仁祥,王小曼.终端用户分布式新能源接入智能配电网技术研究[J].电气技术,2010,(8)：58-62.
[8]徐萍萍.并联式混合动力电动汽车能量管理策略与应用技术研究[D].北京：北京工业大学,2010.
[9]Markowitz J, Duvall M. Plug-in hybrid electric van fleet test and demonstration[DB/CD], EVS-23 California, US,2007.
[10]Nelson P, Amine K, Rousseau A, et al. Advanced lithium-Ion batteries for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles[DB/CD], EVS-23 California, US,2007.
[11]熊志伟.混合动力城市客车动力系统研究[D].武汉：武汉理工大学汽车学院,2006.
[12]陈清泉,孙逢春.混合电动车辆基础[M].北京：北京理工大学出版社,2001
[13]杨金星,周荣,乔维高.Plug-in混合动力电动汽车的研究分析[J].汽车工程师,2009,(10)：23-25.
[14]李锦,徐兆坤,许建昌.浅谈PHEV的发展现状及趋势[J].上海汽车,2009,(2)：10-12.
[15]陈树勇,陈全世,田光宇等.可外接充电式HEV的研究与发展[J].交通信息与安全,2009.27(2)：134-139.
[16]常思勤.汽车动力装置[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2006.
[17]曾鑫,丁群燕,高海宁.现代车用自动变速箱技术[J].黄冈职业技术学院学报,2004,(9)：61-64
[18]Ohashi A, Sato Y, et al. Development of High-Efficiency CVT for Luxury Compact Vehicle. SAE 2005-01-1019.
[19]Kazerounian K, Zoltan FS. Parallel Disk Continuously Variable Transmission (PDCVT). Mechanism and Machine Theory,2006, (41):537-566.
[20]Scherer H. ZF 6-speed Automatic Transmission for Passenger Cars. SAE 2003-01-0596.
[21]牛铭奎,高炳钊,葛安林等.双离合器式自动变速系统[J].汽车技术,2004(6)：1-3.
[22]吴光强,杨伟斌,秦大同.双离合器式自动变速器控制系统的关键技术[J].机械工程学报,2007,43(2)：13-21.
[23]刘振军,秦大同,胡建军等.车辆双离合器自动变速传动技术研究进展分析[J].农业机械学报,2005,36(11)：161-164.
[24]陈丽平.电动汽车电驱动自动变速器系统的设计及研究[J].装备制造技术,2011(4)：57-59.
[25]王辉.有源同步自动变速器的研发[D].武汉：武汉理工大学汽车学院,2007.
[26]吴森,周炳锋,樊荣.基于电机主动同步原理的AMT设计[J].武汉理工大学学报,2010.32(4)：569-572
[27]辛明华,赵春明,范京.插电式混合动力汽车动力系统总体设计[J].汽车工程师,2010,(10)：29-32.
[28]日本电气学会,电动汽车驱动系统调查专门委员会.电动汽车最新技术[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2008.
[29]刘晓康,汪斌,余向东,吴杰余.并联式混合动力电动汽车电池参数优选[J].汽车工程,2007.29(7)：571-573
[30]武小兰,王军平,曹秉刚等.充电式混合动力电动汽车动力系统的参数匹配[J].汽车工程,2008,(12)：1095-1098.
[31]余志生.汽车理论[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2009.
[32]赵世科.串联式混合动力电动汽车经济性研究[D].武汉：武汉理工大学汽车学院,2005.
[33]Koichi fukuo etc. Development of the ultra-low-fuel-consumption hybrid car-INSIGHT[J]. JSAE Review,2001 (22):195-103.
[34]Zhu Zhengli, Zhang Jianwu, Yin Chengliang. Optimization Approach for Hybrid Electric Vehicle Powertrain Design. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2005:30-36.
[35]王世新,徐勇.混合动力电动汽车动力传动系统的研究[J].机械研究与应用,2005,18(6)：28-29
[36]刘松灵.插电式全混混合动力轿车控制策略研究与整车性能仿真分析[D].上海：上海交通大学,2009.
[37]Jong-Seob Won, Reza Langari. Intelligent Energy Management Agent for a Parallel Hybrid Vehicle. IEEE 2003:7803-7896.
[38]Valerie H. Johnson, Keith B. Wipke and David J. Rausen, HEV control Strategy for real-time of fuel economy and emission, SAE 2000-01-143.
[39]曾小华,王庆年等,基于ADVISOR2002混合动力汽车控制策略模块开发[J].汽车工程,2004,(4)：395-399.
[40]In T.Markel, A.Brooker, J.Gonder, Plug-In Hybrid Vehicle Analysis, the Advanced Automotive Battery Conference in Baltimore, Maryland[C].National Renewable Energy Laboratory, November2006:159-168.
[41]Antonis I. Antoniou, Jonathan Komyathy, Justin Bench, Ali Emadi. Modeling and Simulation of Various Hybrid-Electric Configurations of the High-Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle. MARCH.2007.
[42]Xie Hui and Ding Yunbo. The Study of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Power Management Strategy Simulation. Tian jin university,2008.
[43]Hisashi Ishitani. Introduction to Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles Overview[C]. Yokohama, Japan:EVS-22 Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Workshop,2006:24-34.
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