厌氧—缺氧—好氧活性污泥系统中典型有机物迁移转化研究
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摘要
有机物是城市生活污水中的主要污染物质，它对活性污泥系统的污水处理效果及后续的污泥处理和大气污染控制有较大影响，因此从液、固、气三相平衡的角度，研究活性污泥污水处理系统中有机物迁移转化过程有着非常重要的意义。
本研究总体思路为：首先，对生活污水中有机物的化学组成和性质进行分析，选择若干种具有代表意义的典型有机物作为研究对象，并确定污水、污泥和大气中典型有机物含量测定方法；接着，确定常用活性污泥处理工艺——厌氧／缺氧／好氧(AAO)工艺去除典型有机物的最优工况条件；然后，研究典型有机物的厌氧、缺氧和好氧去除机理，求出这些典型有机物在城市污水浓度范围内厌氧、缺氧和好氧状态下的生物降解动力学方程，并在上述机理研究的基础上，得出典型有机物在AAO工艺最佳工况条件下的迁移转化规律；最后，本研究还分析了典型有机物和活性污泥数学模型(ASMs)水质特性参数之间的关系。
本研究对同济新村生活污水中有机物种类及其含量进行了检测，共检出20种常量有机物(mg／L级)和90种痕量有机物(μg／L级)，其中11种为内分泌干扰物；蛋白质类、糖类、油脂类等分别占总有机碳的34.56％、20.52％、6.04％，是污水中有机物的主要成分。通过比较分析，选择了蛋白质、糖类、油脂、直链烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)、甲苯、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)和萘等七种典型有机物作为研究对象，并选择Folin-酚法测定蛋白质，蒽酮比色法测定糖类，气相色谱法测定油脂、甲苯和萘，液相色谱法测定LAS和DEHP。
本研究通过分析厌氧／缺氧／好氧(AAO)工艺中厌氧、缺氧、好氧各段的有机物的去除效果，来确定该工艺去除典型有机物的最佳工况条件。试验结果表明：(1)在温度25℃、污泥回流比100％和混合液回流比100％的情况下，AAO系统去除典型有机物的最佳工况条件是：厌氧池停留时间1.6hr，缺氧池停留时间1.6hr，好氧池停留时间4.8hr，泥龄15d。(2)在上述工况下，CODcr去除率为87.78％，TN的去除率为68.60％，TP的去除率为87.27％，蛋白质、糖类、脂类、LAS、甲苯、DEHP和萘的去除率为96.91％、90.31％、98.15％、99.62％、89.31％、96.47％和84.63％。这表明AAO工艺不但能取得较好的脱氮除磷效果，
Organic matters (OMs) are the main pollutants in domestic wastewaters. It is very important to investigate the fate of OMs in the activated sludge Wastewater treatment processes, as OMs not only affect the efficiency of the treatment process, but also have significant impacts on sludge disposal and air pollution control.
In this study, the organic compositions and characteristics of domestic Wastewater were analyzed, several typical organic chemicals were selected as the typical target OMs and their detection methods were explored. The lab scale tests for the anaerobic/anoxic/oxic(AAO) process were carried out to investigate the organic pollutant removal effect and optimum systematic operation parameters. Transfer and transformation of organic substances in the AAO system were especially concerned, and biodegradation models of typical OMs under anaerobic、 anoxic、 oxic conditions were studied. Furthermore, the relationships between typical OMs and the water quality characteristic parameters in activated sludge models (ASMs) were studied.
The components and concentrations of OMs in the domestic Wastewater of TONGJI XINCUN, a residential zone in Shanghai, were determined. Twenty kinds of OMs with concentration around mg/L and ninety kinds of trace OMs around μg/L were detected. Proteins, sugars and lipids account for 34.56%, 20.52% and 6.04% of TOC in the Wastewater respectively. 10 endocrine disrupting chemicals were determined in the Wastewater. Proteins、 sugars 、 lipids 、 linear alkylbenzene sulfonate(LAS)、 toluene、 bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and naphthalene were chosen as the typical target OMs. By comparation of several determination methods for each target OM, The following analysing methods were chosen as the proper methods: Proteins were determined by Folin-phenol method, sugars were determined by anthrone method, gas chromatography(GC) method was used to qualify iipids、 toluene and naphthalene, LAS and DEHP were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method.
Operation parameters of the AAO process for OM removal are determined by evaluating the unit efficiency, the results showed as follows: (l)the optimum HRT for
本研究总体思路为：首先，对生活污水中有机物的化学组成和性质进行分析，选择若干种具有代表意义的典型有机物作为研究对象，并确定污水、污泥和大气中典型有机物含量测定方法；接着，确定常用活性污泥处理工艺——厌氧／缺氧／好氧(AAO)工艺去除典型有机物的最优工况条件；然后，研究典型有机物的厌氧、缺氧和好氧去除机理，求出这些典型有机物在城市污水浓度范围内厌氧、缺氧和好氧状态下的生物降解动力学方程，并在上述机理研究的基础上，得出典型有机物在AAO工艺最佳工况条件下的迁移转化规律；最后，本研究还分析了典型有机物和活性污泥数学模型(ASMs)水质特性参数之间的关系。
本研究对同济新村生活污水中有机物种类及其含量进行了检测，共检出20种常量有机物(mg／L级)和90种痕量有机物(μg／L级)，其中11种为内分泌干扰物；蛋白质类、糖类、油脂类等分别占总有机碳的34.56％、20.52％、6.04％，是污水中有机物的主要成分。通过比较分析，选择了蛋白质、糖类、油脂、直链烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)、甲苯、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)和萘等七种典型有机物作为研究对象，并选择Folin-酚法测定蛋白质，蒽酮比色法测定糖类，气相色谱法测定油脂、甲苯和萘，液相色谱法测定LAS和DEHP。
本研究通过分析厌氧／缺氧／好氧(AAO)工艺中厌氧、缺氧、好氧各段的有机物的去除效果，来确定该工艺去除典型有机物的最佳工况条件。试验结果表明：(1)在温度25℃、污泥回流比100％和混合液回流比100％的情况下，AAO系统去除典型有机物的最佳工况条件是：厌氧池停留时间1.6hr，缺氧池停留时间1.6hr，好氧池停留时间4.8hr，泥龄15d。(2)在上述工况下，CODcr去除率为87.78％，TN的去除率为68.60％，TP的去除率为87.27％，蛋白质、糖类、脂类、LAS、甲苯、DEHP和萘的去除率为96.91％、90.31％、98.15％、99.62％、89.31％、96.47％和84.63％。这表明AAO工艺不但能取得较好的脱氮除磷效果，
Organic matters (OMs) are the main pollutants in domestic wastewaters. It is very important to investigate the fate of OMs in the activated sludge Wastewater treatment processes, as OMs not only affect the efficiency of the treatment process, but also have significant impacts on sludge disposal and air pollution control.
In this study, the organic compositions and characteristics of domestic Wastewater were analyzed, several typical organic chemicals were selected as the typical target OMs and their detection methods were explored. The lab scale tests for the anaerobic/anoxic/oxic(AAO) process were carried out to investigate the organic pollutant removal effect and optimum systematic operation parameters. Transfer and transformation of organic substances in the AAO system were especially concerned, and biodegradation models of typical OMs under anaerobic、 anoxic、 oxic conditions were studied. Furthermore, the relationships between typical OMs and the water quality characteristic parameters in activated sludge models (ASMs) were studied.
The components and concentrations of OMs in the domestic Wastewater of TONGJI XINCUN, a residential zone in Shanghai, were determined. Twenty kinds of OMs with concentration around mg/L and ninety kinds of trace OMs around μg/L were detected. Proteins, sugars and lipids account for 34.56%, 20.52% and 6.04% of TOC in the Wastewater respectively. 10 endocrine disrupting chemicals were determined in the Wastewater. Proteins、 sugars 、 lipids 、 linear alkylbenzene sulfonate(LAS)、 toluene、 bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and naphthalene were chosen as the typical target OMs. By comparation of several determination methods for each target OM, The following analysing methods were chosen as the proper methods: Proteins were determined by Folin-phenol method, sugars were determined by anthrone method, gas chromatography(GC) method was used to qualify iipids、 toluene and naphthalene, LAS and DEHP were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method.
Operation parameters of the AAO process for OM removal are determined by evaluating the unit efficiency, the results showed as follows: (l)the optimum HRT for
引文
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