基于IEC61131-3标准的梯形图组态仿真平台研究
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摘要
在国内,仿真组态软件已经有几十年的发展历史了,目前已经进入了相对稳定的发展阶段。但是,随着用户越来越多样化的要求,很难有一个厂家的某一种产品能满足所有用户的需求,所以,这就需要厂家根据用户的要求专门定制产品,这样厂家和用户都需要额外投入很大的精力。随着国际标准IEC61131-3在PLC系统组态软件中越来越广泛的应用,国内外的一些分散控制系统(DCS)生产厂家也开始注意到该国际标准对DCS系统组态软件标准化的意义,陆续将IEC61131-3标准应用于其DCS系统的组态软件。
梯形图因其直观、易于掌握等优点用的最为普遍,而且考虑到仿真支撑平台STAR-90无法实现梯形图的组态,因此,本课题的主要任务是通过研究梯形图执行顺序理论,在C++ Builder 6.0平台上设计和开发基于IEC61131-3标准的梯形图组态仿真平台。
本文首先阐述了课题背景及意义,接着设计了软件总体结构框架,随后在系统开发过程中,以软件工程的设计思想作为指导,采用面向对象的设计方法得出软件的具体功能需求,重点对平台的三大主要模块进行了研究,包括:梯形图执行顺序、梯形图组态编辑器、梯形图仿真驱动程序。
梯形图组态编辑器为用户设计了直观、逼真的梯形图编辑环境。梯形图的执行可以看成一共有几条通路的问题。并且利用最小路径的方法,优化梯形图执行效率。最后把梯形图执行顺序转化成STAR-90原有的AND或OR模块进行执行,这样实现了仿真驱动程序。
本文通过实例证明了本系统的可行性和有效性。可以在完善本软件的基础上和STAR-90达到兼容,具有广泛的实用价值。
At present, emulation configuration software has had many years of development history in our country which is in a relatively stable stage. But as the user has more and more diverse requirements, it is difficult that a manufacturer can satisfy all the needs of users. So the manufacturers need to devote lots of energy to make the product according to the requirements of customers. Along with international standard IEC61131-3 is more and more widely used in PLC system configuration software, some distributed control system (DCS) manufacturers, domestic or foreign, started to notice the big significance of using this international standard on DCS system, and applied IEC61131-3 to their DCS system configuration software.
LD is used commonly because it is intuitive and easy to understand. And considering the simulation supporting platform STAR-90 can not achieve Ladder-diagram configuration, the task of this topic is researching the execution sequence theory of Ladder-diagram, designing and developing Ladder-diagram configuration simulation platform based on IEC61131-3.
Firstly, the topic background is stated. Secondly, design its overall structure frame. In the process of the system development, take the software engineering design ideas as a guide, use object-oriented design method to get the function demands of software. Three major modules of the platform are stressed, including research of Ladder-diagram execution sequence, Ladder-diagram configuration editor and Ladder-diagram simulation driver. The components graphical symbols and intuitive and lifelike Ladder-diagram edit environment is devised. Ladder-diagram execution equals to the number of pathways.And in order to improve Ladder-diagram efficiency, this system adopts the minimum path method. As a result, the expected object code which is STAR-90 original AND or OR module is obtained after conversion, the simulation driver is realized.
The example shows that this system is feasible and effective, has extensive practical value.
梯形图因其直观、易于掌握等优点用的最为普遍,而且考虑到仿真支撑平台STAR-90无法实现梯形图的组态,因此,本课题的主要任务是通过研究梯形图执行顺序理论,在C++ Builder 6.0平台上设计和开发基于IEC61131-3标准的梯形图组态仿真平台。
本文首先阐述了课题背景及意义,接着设计了软件总体结构框架,随后在系统开发过程中,以软件工程的设计思想作为指导,采用面向对象的设计方法得出软件的具体功能需求,重点对平台的三大主要模块进行了研究,包括:梯形图执行顺序、梯形图组态编辑器、梯形图仿真驱动程序。
梯形图组态编辑器为用户设计了直观、逼真的梯形图编辑环境。梯形图的执行可以看成一共有几条通路的问题。并且利用最小路径的方法,优化梯形图执行效率。最后把梯形图执行顺序转化成STAR-90原有的AND或OR模块进行执行,这样实现了仿真驱动程序。
本文通过实例证明了本系统的可行性和有效性。可以在完善本软件的基础上和STAR-90达到兼容,具有广泛的实用价值。
At present, emulation configuration software has had many years of development history in our country which is in a relatively stable stage. But as the user has more and more diverse requirements, it is difficult that a manufacturer can satisfy all the needs of users. So the manufacturers need to devote lots of energy to make the product according to the requirements of customers. Along with international standard IEC61131-3 is more and more widely used in PLC system configuration software, some distributed control system (DCS) manufacturers, domestic or foreign, started to notice the big significance of using this international standard on DCS system, and applied IEC61131-3 to their DCS system configuration software.
LD is used commonly because it is intuitive and easy to understand. And considering the simulation supporting platform STAR-90 can not achieve Ladder-diagram configuration, the task of this topic is researching the execution sequence theory of Ladder-diagram, designing and developing Ladder-diagram configuration simulation platform based on IEC61131-3.
Firstly, the topic background is stated. Secondly, design its overall structure frame. In the process of the system development, take the software engineering design ideas as a guide, use object-oriented design method to get the function demands of software. Three major modules of the platform are stressed, including research of Ladder-diagram execution sequence, Ladder-diagram configuration editor and Ladder-diagram simulation driver. The components graphical symbols and intuitive and lifelike Ladder-diagram edit environment is devised. Ladder-diagram execution equals to the number of pathways.And in order to improve Ladder-diagram efficiency, this system adopts the minimum path method. As a result, the expected object code which is STAR-90 original AND or OR module is obtained after conversion, the simulation driver is realized.
The example shows that this system is feasible and effective, has extensive practical value.
引文
[1]王俊梅等.面向对象组态软件流程图CAD的开发与实现.工业控制计算机, 2000, 13(3): 25-27
[2]郭书杰,马跃,王品.基于IEC61131-3的IL编译器的设计与实现[J].计算机工程与设计, 2010, 31(10): 2300-2302
[3]马圣.一种新的IEC61131-3语言编译器中间结构的设计方案[J].电子元器件应用, 2010, 12(5): 58-60
[4]秦华,夏清国,付钰.基于IEC61131-3标准的PLC编程环境[J].计算机工程, 2009, 35(23): 246-248
[5]吕崇德.仿真技术在中国电力工业中的发展及应用.系统仿真学报, 1999, 11(6): 226-227
[6]唐胜利,苟小龙,何祖威,杨晨.电站仿真机操作台界面组态软件设计与实现[J].计算机仿真. 2002, 19(1): 90-92
[7]鹿玲杰等.组态软件的设计与实现方法[J].大庆石油学院学报, 2001, 25(1): 55-57
[8]Richart Davis. PLC vs DCS in process control-the distinction is fading[A]. IEEE[C]. 1992: 6/1-6/5
[9]郭书杰等.软件PLC梯形图开发系统的研究与实现[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术, 2010, 5: 47-51
[10]Okabe M. Development of processor directly executing IEC61131-3 language[A]. SICE Annual Conference[C]. 2008: 2215-2217
[11]彭瑜,何衍庆. IEC61131-3编程语言及应用基础[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2009: 41-80
[12]刘霖,琚长江.基于IEC61131-3标准的IL编译器[J].低压电器, 2007, 23: 56-59
[13]Michael J. Young. Mastering Microsoft Visual C++4. 1997
[14]Riccard C. Leinecker. VC++ Power Toolkit. 1997
[15]Jerry Anderson. ActiveX Programming with VC++5.0. 1998
[16]M. Sousa, A. Carvalho, An IEC 61131-3 compiler for the MatPLC, Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, Proceedings, ETFA’03, vol. 1, 2003: 485–490
[17]Yang Qiliang, Xing Jianchun, Wang Ping. Water Level Control of Boiler Drum Using One IEC61131-3-Based DCS[A]. Proceedings of the 26th Chinese Control Conference[C], 2007: 252-255
[18]Liuwen Huang, Wei Liu, Zhanqing Liu. Algorithm of transformation from PLC ladder diagram to structured text[A]. ICEMI '09. 9th International Conference on Electronic Measurement & Instruments[C], 2009: 4/778-4/780
[19]裴元方等. PLC梯形图的一种数据结构描述方法[J].计算机工程与科学,2009, 31(12): 87-89
[20]Devanathan R. Computer aided design of relay ladder diagram from functional specifications[A]. Industrial Electronics Society, 1990. IECON '90, 16th Annualconference of IEEE[C]. 1990: 527-529
[21]程芳真,蒋滋康.面向对象的图形化自动建模系统的研究.系统仿真学报. 2000. 12(1)
[22]马文艳.面向PLC的组态软件系统的研究与实现[D].西安:西北工业大学, 2007
[23]陈成勇.软PLC技术研究与开发[D].成都:西华大学, 2008
[24]黄江海. PLC软件集成开发平台的设计与实现[D].北京:北方工业大学, 2004
[25]S. Johansson, M. ?hmann, Prototype implementation of the PLC standard IEC 61131-3, Master Thesis, Department of Automatic Control, Lund Institute of Technology, 1995
[26]Jiang-Hai Huang, Yu-Cheng Li, Zhi Luo, et al. The design of a new-type PLC based on IEC61131-3[A]. Machine Learning and Cybernetics, 2003, V2: 809-813
[27]李会娟. PLC梯形图编程规则浅析[J].电气制造, 2009, 2: 42-43
[28]Feihu Hu, Liang Fu, Le Liu, et al. An algorithm about Transforming PLC Ladder Diagram to Instruction List Based on Series-Parallel Merging Method[A]. Computational Intelligence and Industrial Application[C]. 2008: 812-815
[29]潘庭龙,沈学芹等.基于AOV图及因果图的梯形图与语句表互换算法[J].测控技术, 2008, 27(11): 64-66
[30]Picard Robert , P. Savage, Gordon J. Instructing Industrial Controls Using Ladder Diagrams on an IBM PC[A]. IEEE Transactions on Education[C]. 1986: 27-30
[31]朱兆斌,赵东标.软PLC中梯形图向指令表转化的实现[J].机械与电子, 2008, 12: 61-64
[32]章德平.软件PLC开发平台的设计与实现[D].武汉:武汉理工大学, 2007
[33]周雷.基于PC的软PLC开发系统的设计与实现[D].重庆:重庆大学, 2009
[34]姬东.图论最短路径问题在消防选址中的应用[J].武警学院学报. 2009, 25(12): 10
[35]Ge Fen, Wu Ning. A Transformation Algorithm of Ladder Diagram into Instruction List Based on AOV Digraph and Binary Tree[A]. TENCON 2006. 2006 IEEE Region 10 Conference[C]. 2006: 1-4
[36]冯光,夏清国,裴元方. PLC梯形图向AOV图的一种转换方法[J].航空计算技术, 2009, 39(2): 109
[37]Xiaofeng Ye, Bin Sun, Weiwei Lin, et al. A remote control system on traffic lights based on IEC61131-3 standard language[A]. Proceedings of the 8th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation [C]. 2010: 4250-4255
[38]黄晶晶等.基于二叉树的PLC梯形图转化为指令表的算法[J].现代电子技术, 2010, 4: 125-127
[39]Soon-Bum Kwon, Hee-Yeon Cho, Dong-Ryeol Shin, et al. Software development environment design in robot device operation based on IEC61131-3[A]. 2010 The 12th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT)[C]. 2010: 1216-1218
[40]石锐等.软PLC梯形图到语句表转换新策略的研究[J].计算机工程与应用, 2010, 46(18): 244-248
[41]Sato, T.Yoshida, E.Kakebayashi Y. et al. Application of IEC61131-3 for semiconductor processing equipment[A]. 2001 8th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation[C], 2001: 47-50
[42]Chmiel M., Hrynkiewicz E., Muszynski M., et al. The way of ladder diagram analysis for small compact programmable controller[A]. The 6th Russian-Korean International Symposium on Science and Technology[C]. 2002: 169-171
[43]Itoh, Y., Miyazawa, I., Sekiguchi, T.. Study on execution time of ladder diagram in programmable controller[A]. Industrial Electronics Society, 1998. IECON '98[C]. 1998: 149-151
[44]Wareham R. Ladder diagram and sequential function chart languages in programmable contrlollers[A]. Programmable Control and Automation Technology Conference and Exhibition[C]. 1988: 12A
[45]Li Dandan, Cai Qixian, Pei Feng. The new interconversion algorithm between ladder diagram and instruction list[A]. 2010 IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Intelligent Systems (ICIS)[C]. 2010, V3: 820-823
[46]Budha M., Thapa D., Park S.C., et al. Generation of PLC Ladder Diagram Using Modular Structure[A]. 2008 International Conference on Computational Intelligence for Modelling Control & Automation[C]. 2008: 1194-1196
[47]傅亮等.基于串并联归并的PLC梯形图向指令表转换算法[J].计算机工程与应用, 2009, 45(27): 72-74
[48]Nakamura S., Fujii Y., Sekiguchi T. Study on a transformation method of ladder diagram into sequential function chart on the basis of linear programming technique[A]. Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation Proceedings, 1997. ETFA '97.[C]. 1997: 473-475
[2]郭书杰,马跃,王品.基于IEC61131-3的IL编译器的设计与实现[J].计算机工程与设计, 2010, 31(10): 2300-2302
[3]马圣.一种新的IEC61131-3语言编译器中间结构的设计方案[J].电子元器件应用, 2010, 12(5): 58-60
[4]秦华,夏清国,付钰.基于IEC61131-3标准的PLC编程环境[J].计算机工程, 2009, 35(23): 246-248
[5]吕崇德.仿真技术在中国电力工业中的发展及应用.系统仿真学报, 1999, 11(6): 226-227
[6]唐胜利,苟小龙,何祖威,杨晨.电站仿真机操作台界面组态软件设计与实现[J].计算机仿真. 2002, 19(1): 90-92
[7]鹿玲杰等.组态软件的设计与实现方法[J].大庆石油学院学报, 2001, 25(1): 55-57
[8]Richart Davis. PLC vs DCS in process control-the distinction is fading[A]. IEEE[C]. 1992: 6/1-6/5
[9]郭书杰等.软件PLC梯形图开发系统的研究与实现[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术, 2010, 5: 47-51
[10]Okabe M. Development of processor directly executing IEC61131-3 language[A]. SICE Annual Conference[C]. 2008: 2215-2217
[11]彭瑜,何衍庆. IEC61131-3编程语言及应用基础[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2009: 41-80
[12]刘霖,琚长江.基于IEC61131-3标准的IL编译器[J].低压电器, 2007, 23: 56-59
[13]Michael J. Young. Mastering Microsoft Visual C++4. 1997
[14]Riccard C. Leinecker. VC++ Power Toolkit. 1997
[15]Jerry Anderson. ActiveX Programming with VC++5.0. 1998
[16]M. Sousa, A. Carvalho, An IEC 61131-3 compiler for the MatPLC, Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, Proceedings, ETFA’03, vol. 1, 2003: 485–490
[17]Yang Qiliang, Xing Jianchun, Wang Ping. Water Level Control of Boiler Drum Using One IEC61131-3-Based DCS[A]. Proceedings of the 26th Chinese Control Conference[C], 2007: 252-255
[18]Liuwen Huang, Wei Liu, Zhanqing Liu. Algorithm of transformation from PLC ladder diagram to structured text[A]. ICEMI '09. 9th International Conference on Electronic Measurement & Instruments[C], 2009: 4/778-4/780
[19]裴元方等. PLC梯形图的一种数据结构描述方法[J].计算机工程与科学,2009, 31(12): 87-89
[20]Devanathan R. Computer aided design of relay ladder diagram from functional specifications[A]. Industrial Electronics Society, 1990. IECON '90, 16th Annualconference of IEEE[C]. 1990: 527-529
[21]程芳真,蒋滋康.面向对象的图形化自动建模系统的研究.系统仿真学报. 2000. 12(1)
[22]马文艳.面向PLC的组态软件系统的研究与实现[D].西安:西北工业大学, 2007
[23]陈成勇.软PLC技术研究与开发[D].成都:西华大学, 2008
[24]黄江海. PLC软件集成开发平台的设计与实现[D].北京:北方工业大学, 2004
[25]S. Johansson, M. ?hmann, Prototype implementation of the PLC standard IEC 61131-3, Master Thesis, Department of Automatic Control, Lund Institute of Technology, 1995
[26]Jiang-Hai Huang, Yu-Cheng Li, Zhi Luo, et al. The design of a new-type PLC based on IEC61131-3[A]. Machine Learning and Cybernetics, 2003, V2: 809-813
[27]李会娟. PLC梯形图编程规则浅析[J].电气制造, 2009, 2: 42-43
[28]Feihu Hu, Liang Fu, Le Liu, et al. An algorithm about Transforming PLC Ladder Diagram to Instruction List Based on Series-Parallel Merging Method[A]. Computational Intelligence and Industrial Application[C]. 2008: 812-815
[29]潘庭龙,沈学芹等.基于AOV图及因果图的梯形图与语句表互换算法[J].测控技术, 2008, 27(11): 64-66
[30]Picard Robert , P. Savage, Gordon J. Instructing Industrial Controls Using Ladder Diagrams on an IBM PC[A]. IEEE Transactions on Education[C]. 1986: 27-30
[31]朱兆斌,赵东标.软PLC中梯形图向指令表转化的实现[J].机械与电子, 2008, 12: 61-64
[32]章德平.软件PLC开发平台的设计与实现[D].武汉:武汉理工大学, 2007
[33]周雷.基于PC的软PLC开发系统的设计与实现[D].重庆:重庆大学, 2009
[34]姬东.图论最短路径问题在消防选址中的应用[J].武警学院学报. 2009, 25(12): 10
[35]Ge Fen, Wu Ning. A Transformation Algorithm of Ladder Diagram into Instruction List Based on AOV Digraph and Binary Tree[A]. TENCON 2006. 2006 IEEE Region 10 Conference[C]. 2006: 1-4
[36]冯光,夏清国,裴元方. PLC梯形图向AOV图的一种转换方法[J].航空计算技术, 2009, 39(2): 109
[37]Xiaofeng Ye, Bin Sun, Weiwei Lin, et al. A remote control system on traffic lights based on IEC61131-3 standard language[A]. Proceedings of the 8th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation [C]. 2010: 4250-4255
[38]黄晶晶等.基于二叉树的PLC梯形图转化为指令表的算法[J].现代电子技术, 2010, 4: 125-127
[39]Soon-Bum Kwon, Hee-Yeon Cho, Dong-Ryeol Shin, et al. Software development environment design in robot device operation based on IEC61131-3[A]. 2010 The 12th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT)[C]. 2010: 1216-1218
[40]石锐等.软PLC梯形图到语句表转换新策略的研究[J].计算机工程与应用, 2010, 46(18): 244-248
[41]Sato, T.Yoshida, E.Kakebayashi Y. et al. Application of IEC61131-3 for semiconductor processing equipment[A]. 2001 8th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation[C], 2001: 47-50
[42]Chmiel M., Hrynkiewicz E., Muszynski M., et al. The way of ladder diagram analysis for small compact programmable controller[A]. The 6th Russian-Korean International Symposium on Science and Technology[C]. 2002: 169-171
[43]Itoh, Y., Miyazawa, I., Sekiguchi, T.. Study on execution time of ladder diagram in programmable controller[A]. Industrial Electronics Society, 1998. IECON '98[C]. 1998: 149-151
[44]Wareham R. Ladder diagram and sequential function chart languages in programmable contrlollers[A]. Programmable Control and Automation Technology Conference and Exhibition[C]. 1988: 12A
[45]Li Dandan, Cai Qixian, Pei Feng. The new interconversion algorithm between ladder diagram and instruction list[A]. 2010 IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Intelligent Systems (ICIS)[C]. 2010, V3: 820-823
[46]Budha M., Thapa D., Park S.C., et al. Generation of PLC Ladder Diagram Using Modular Structure[A]. 2008 International Conference on Computational Intelligence for Modelling Control & Automation[C]. 2008: 1194-1196
[47]傅亮等.基于串并联归并的PLC梯形图向指令表转换算法[J].计算机工程与应用, 2009, 45(27): 72-74
[48]Nakamura S., Fujii Y., Sekiguchi T. Study on a transformation method of ladder diagram into sequential function chart on the basis of linear programming technique[A]. Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation Proceedings, 1997. ETFA '97.[C]. 1997: 473-475