基于我国人体头部尺寸驱动的眼镜规格研究
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摘要
随着市场竞争的日益激烈,产品由“生产导向”转变为“消费导向”。生产者为了使自己的产品比市场上的众多同类产品更好更受欢迎,产品的功能不再是唯一的重点,某种程度上来说,行业竞争和发展已经转化为基于用户体验的产品设计的竞争和发展。随着各种设计理论与研究方法的不断发展和成熟,设计师被激发出越来越多的创作灵感,为设计不断提供了创意的新途径和新理念。
目前,市场上的产品已经能很好的满足基本功能和质量的要求。但除了产品本身的使用功能和质量以外,作为使用者与消费者的人的因素也不容忽视,并且被越来越广泛地考虑到设计、生产、销售等环节。人的因素包括生理与心理因素,人机工程学理论体系正是研究人机关系问题,为合理解决人的问题提出了正确的指导思想与研究方法。
本文首先阐述了古代眼镜的发展历程与当前眼镜设计的现状和不足之处,指出改造与提升传统眼镜行业,确定眼镜设计标准的必要性。考虑到人机工学在眼镜产品设计中的特殊人机关系,运用其中人体测量学的分析方法,针对人体头部尺寸这一人体的生理因素方面进行详细分析,并将其具体为数据,映射成设计元素,力求更好的为产品设计服务,探讨能够切合消费者人体需要的产品设计方法。
对人的因素的分析与定量化研究,这样的前期准备工作看似繁琐耗时,但事实上更有利于在提高产品设计质量、缩短设计周期、降低设计和制造成本等方面起着越来越大的作用。
With the increasingly fierce market competition, product style has been changed from the "production-oriented" into "consumer-oriented." In order to make the products much better and more popular than any other similar ones on the market, product function is no longer deemed to be the only focus. To some extent, industry competition and development has been converted to the one of product design which is based on the user experience. With continuous development and maturity of various design theory and methodology, designers were inspired more and more creative inspiration to provide new ways and ideas for design creativity.
At present, the products on the market have already met the basic functions and quality requirements well. Apart from the usage function and quality of products, the human factor of users and consumers also can not be ignored, and was more and more extensively accounted into design, production and sales links. Human factors include physiological and psychological factors. Ergonomics is the theoretical system which researches on human-machine relations, and provide correct guiding ideology and research methods for a reasonable solution to the human factors.
This paper first states the development of the ancient glasses, and the status and inadequacy of the current glasses design, shows clearly the renovation and upgrading of traditional glasses industry, and identify the need for spectacles design methods. Ergonomics proposed the theoretical basis and detailed analysis of its applied scope and research methods. On the basis of ergonomics, I apply the research methods of human surveying to analyze the aspect of human body size, measures physiological factors into quantified data as design elements, and strive to make them better for product design services. Finally, I draw a conclusion on the product design method which meets consumer needs and feelings.
The preparatory work of human factor analysis and quantitative research may seem tedious and time-consuming, but the fact is it would be more conducive to improving the quality of product design, shortening design cycles, reducing design and manufacturing costs, and so on, it plays a more and more important role.
目前,市场上的产品已经能很好的满足基本功能和质量的要求。但除了产品本身的使用功能和质量以外,作为使用者与消费者的人的因素也不容忽视,并且被越来越广泛地考虑到设计、生产、销售等环节。人的因素包括生理与心理因素,人机工程学理论体系正是研究人机关系问题,为合理解决人的问题提出了正确的指导思想与研究方法。
本文首先阐述了古代眼镜的发展历程与当前眼镜设计的现状和不足之处,指出改造与提升传统眼镜行业,确定眼镜设计标准的必要性。考虑到人机工学在眼镜产品设计中的特殊人机关系,运用其中人体测量学的分析方法,针对人体头部尺寸这一人体的生理因素方面进行详细分析,并将其具体为数据,映射成设计元素,力求更好的为产品设计服务,探讨能够切合消费者人体需要的产品设计方法。
对人的因素的分析与定量化研究,这样的前期准备工作看似繁琐耗时,但事实上更有利于在提高产品设计质量、缩短设计周期、降低设计和制造成本等方面起着越来越大的作用。
With the increasingly fierce market competition, product style has been changed from the "production-oriented" into "consumer-oriented." In order to make the products much better and more popular than any other similar ones on the market, product function is no longer deemed to be the only focus. To some extent, industry competition and development has been converted to the one of product design which is based on the user experience. With continuous development and maturity of various design theory and methodology, designers were inspired more and more creative inspiration to provide new ways and ideas for design creativity.
At present, the products on the market have already met the basic functions and quality requirements well. Apart from the usage function and quality of products, the human factor of users and consumers also can not be ignored, and was more and more extensively accounted into design, production and sales links. Human factors include physiological and psychological factors. Ergonomics is the theoretical system which researches on human-machine relations, and provide correct guiding ideology and research methods for a reasonable solution to the human factors.
This paper first states the development of the ancient glasses, and the status and inadequacy of the current glasses design, shows clearly the renovation and upgrading of traditional glasses industry, and identify the need for spectacles design methods. Ergonomics proposed the theoretical basis and detailed analysis of its applied scope and research methods. On the basis of ergonomics, I apply the research methods of human surveying to analyze the aspect of human body size, measures physiological factors into quantified data as design elements, and strive to make them better for product design services. Finally, I draw a conclusion on the product design method which meets consumer needs and feelings.
The preparatory work of human factor analysis and quantitative research may seem tedious and time-consuming, but the fact is it would be more conducive to improving the quality of product design, shortening design cycles, reducing design and manufacturing costs, and so on, it plays a more and more important role.
引文
[1]简召全.工业设计方法学.北京:北京理工大学,1993
[2](奥托)Kevin.tot,stink.woo(美)著,齐春萍,宫晓东,张帆等译.产品设计.北京:电子工业出版社,2005.1
[3]阮宝湘,邵样华.工业设计人机工程.北京:机械工业出版社,2005.2
[4][德]Bernhard E Burdek,工业设计—产品造型的历史、理论及实务(胡佑宗译),台湾:亚太图书出版社,1996
[5]赵孟江.中国眼镜历史与收藏.四川:四川美术出版社,2004
[6]江湘云.设计材料及加工工艺[M].北京理工大学出版社.北京,2003.8
[7]丁玉兰.人因工程学.上海:上海交通大学出版社,2004
[8]杨霖.产品设计开发计划.北京:清华大学出版社,2005.4
[9]杨正.工业产品造型设计.武汉:武汉大学出版社,2003.9
[10](美)蒂利(Tidy.AR.),美国亨利·德赖弗斯事务所编:朱涛译.人体工程学图解.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1998
[11]刘伟,袁修干.人机交互中情境认知的理论与应用.北京:中国科学技术出版社,2005
[12]刘国余.设计管理.上海:上海交通大学出版社,2003
[13]李乐山.工业设计心理学.北京:高等教育出版社,2004.1
[14]李彬彬,设计心理学,北京:中国轻工业出版社,2001
[15]任立生.设计心理学.北京:化工工业出版社,2005.7
[16]汪芳润.近视眼.上海:上海医科大学出版社,1998
[17]瞿佳.眼镜学.北京:人民卫生出版社,2004.6
[18]唐锡麟主编.儿童少年生长发育.北京:人民卫生出版社,1991
[19]Irvni M Borish Elaine Grisdale编著.陈雄译.视光学手册.上海:上海医科大学出版社,1999.10
[20]呼正林.实用渐进眼镜学.北京:军事医学科学出版社,2004.1
[21]瞿佳.视光学理论和方法.人民卫生出版社,2004.7
[22]徐广弟.眼科屈光学.北京:军事医学科学出版社,2001.1
[23]洪荣照,张铭志,傅智伏,叶梅,杨晖,陈亮,王景琪.与眼镜架相关的儿童少年头眼部参数测量.眼视光学杂志,2000年第3期第2卷
[24]赵毅,王永江,韦秀菊,洪荣照,艾育德.四省区5—7岁儿童少年鼻部发育调查.[J]实用预防医学,2001年4月第2期第8卷
[25]郭秉宽.中国医学百科全书眼科学.上海:上海科学技术出版社,1985
[26]郭秉宽.中国医学百科全书眼科学[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1985.176-177.
[27]唐锡麟.儿章少年卫生学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1993.
[28]白呼群.中国卫生监督统计报表学校卫生情况年报表技术规范[M].北京:北京医科大学协和医科大学联合出版社,1996.
[29]吴汝康,吴新智,张振标.人体测量方法.北京:科学出版社,1984.
[30]赵丽艳,顾基发.东西方评价方法论对比.研究管理科学学报,2000
[31]中国成年人头面部尺寸[S].GB2428—1998.北京.1999
[32]中国成年人人体尺寸[S].GB/T 10000-1998
[33]眼镜镜片[S].G810810-1996
[34]眼镜架[S].GB—T14214-93
[35]装配眼镜[S].GBl3511-1999
[36]徐伟峰,付永民.利用感性工学原理设计产品造型,焦作工学院学报,2003
[41]毛子夏.感性工学于产品设计应用理论基础之研究,南京航空航天大学第八届研究生学术会议论文集,2006
[42]陈国祥,何明泉,邓怡莘.复合式感性工学应用于产品开发之整合性研究,工业设计,2004
[43]杜平,张燕昆,刘重庆.基于广义对称变换的人脸检测和面部特征提取,计算机仿真,2003,20(2).
[44]徐人平.工业设计工程基础.北京:机械工业出版社,2003.7宗译),台湾:亚太图书出版社,1996
[45]刘春荣.人机工程学应用.上海:上海人民美术出版社,2004.7
[46]刘伟,袁修干.人机交互中情境认知的理论与应用.北京:中国科学技术出版社,2005
[47]阮宝湘.人机工程学课程设计/课程论文选编.北京:机械工业出版社,2005.5
[48]小原二郎著:罗药摘,樊美药译.什么是人体工程学.北京:三联书店,1990
[49]杨向东主编.当代工业设计教育纵横.北京:机械工业出版社,2005.n
[50]赵光忠主编.产品研发与卖点设计.北京:中国时代经济出版社,2005.1
[51]张道一主编.工业设计全书.南京:江苏科学技术出版社,1994.12
[52]尹定邦.设计学概论.长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,2001
[53]王继成.产品设计中人机工程学.北京:化学工业出版社,2004.6
[54]张宪荣,陈麦,季华妹.工业设计理论与方法.北京:北京理工大学出版社,1996
[55]顾基发,唐锡晋.从古代系统思想到现代东方系统方法论.系统工程理论与实践,2000
[56]赵丽艳,顾基发.东西方评价方法论对比.研究管理科学学报,2000
[57]李乐山.工业设计思想基础。北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001
[58]Hajime Nagai,Application of Kansei Engineering for New Production Development for Beverages,Foods Food Ingredients,2002
[59]Julie R.Quant.Normal values of eye position head size in Chinese children from Hong Kong[J].Optom Vis sci,1993,70:665.
[60]Harada A.,The framework of Kansei engineering,Report of Modeling the Evaluation Structure of Kansei,1997
[61]Harada A.,Modeling the Evaluation Structure of Kansei using Network Robot,Report of Modeling the Evaluation Structure of Kansei Ⅱ,1998
[62]Nagamachi M,Kansei engineering as a powerful consumer oriented technology for product development,Applied Ergonomics,2002
[2](奥托)Kevin.tot,stink.woo(美)著,齐春萍,宫晓东,张帆等译.产品设计.北京:电子工业出版社,2005.1
[3]阮宝湘,邵样华.工业设计人机工程.北京:机械工业出版社,2005.2
[4][德]Bernhard E Burdek,工业设计—产品造型的历史、理论及实务(胡佑宗译),台湾:亚太图书出版社,1996
[5]赵孟江.中国眼镜历史与收藏.四川:四川美术出版社,2004
[6]江湘云.设计材料及加工工艺[M].北京理工大学出版社.北京,2003.8
[7]丁玉兰.人因工程学.上海:上海交通大学出版社,2004
[8]杨霖.产品设计开发计划.北京:清华大学出版社,2005.4
[9]杨正.工业产品造型设计.武汉:武汉大学出版社,2003.9
[10](美)蒂利(Tidy.AR.),美国亨利·德赖弗斯事务所编:朱涛译.人体工程学图解.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1998
[11]刘伟,袁修干.人机交互中情境认知的理论与应用.北京:中国科学技术出版社,2005
[12]刘国余.设计管理.上海:上海交通大学出版社,2003
[13]李乐山.工业设计心理学.北京:高等教育出版社,2004.1
[14]李彬彬,设计心理学,北京:中国轻工业出版社,2001
[15]任立生.设计心理学.北京:化工工业出版社,2005.7
[16]汪芳润.近视眼.上海:上海医科大学出版社,1998
[17]瞿佳.眼镜学.北京:人民卫生出版社,2004.6
[18]唐锡麟主编.儿童少年生长发育.北京:人民卫生出版社,1991
[19]Irvni M Borish Elaine Grisdale编著.陈雄译.视光学手册.上海:上海医科大学出版社,1999.10
[20]呼正林.实用渐进眼镜学.北京:军事医学科学出版社,2004.1
[21]瞿佳.视光学理论和方法.人民卫生出版社,2004.7
[22]徐广弟.眼科屈光学.北京:军事医学科学出版社,2001.1
[23]洪荣照,张铭志,傅智伏,叶梅,杨晖,陈亮,王景琪.与眼镜架相关的儿童少年头眼部参数测量.眼视光学杂志,2000年第3期第2卷
[24]赵毅,王永江,韦秀菊,洪荣照,艾育德.四省区5—7岁儿童少年鼻部发育调查.[J]实用预防医学,2001年4月第2期第8卷
[25]郭秉宽.中国医学百科全书眼科学.上海:上海科学技术出版社,1985
[26]郭秉宽.中国医学百科全书眼科学[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1985.176-177.
[27]唐锡麟.儿章少年卫生学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1993.
[28]白呼群.中国卫生监督统计报表学校卫生情况年报表技术规范[M].北京:北京医科大学协和医科大学联合出版社,1996.
[29]吴汝康,吴新智,张振标.人体测量方法.北京:科学出版社,1984.
[30]赵丽艳,顾基发.东西方评价方法论对比.研究管理科学学报,2000
[31]中国成年人头面部尺寸[S].GB2428—1998.北京.1999
[32]中国成年人人体尺寸[S].GB/T 10000-1998
[33]眼镜镜片[S].G810810-1996
[34]眼镜架[S].GB—T14214-93
[35]装配眼镜[S].GBl3511-1999
[36]徐伟峰,付永民.利用感性工学原理设计产品造型,焦作工学院学报,2003
[41]毛子夏.感性工学于产品设计应用理论基础之研究,南京航空航天大学第八届研究生学术会议论文集,2006
[42]陈国祥,何明泉,邓怡莘.复合式感性工学应用于产品开发之整合性研究,工业设计,2004
[43]杜平,张燕昆,刘重庆.基于广义对称变换的人脸检测和面部特征提取,计算机仿真,2003,20(2).
[44]徐人平.工业设计工程基础.北京:机械工业出版社,2003.7宗译),台湾:亚太图书出版社,1996
[45]刘春荣.人机工程学应用.上海:上海人民美术出版社,2004.7
[46]刘伟,袁修干.人机交互中情境认知的理论与应用.北京:中国科学技术出版社,2005
[47]阮宝湘.人机工程学课程设计/课程论文选编.北京:机械工业出版社,2005.5
[48]小原二郎著:罗药摘,樊美药译.什么是人体工程学.北京:三联书店,1990
[49]杨向东主编.当代工业设计教育纵横.北京:机械工业出版社,2005.n
[50]赵光忠主编.产品研发与卖点设计.北京:中国时代经济出版社,2005.1
[51]张道一主编.工业设计全书.南京:江苏科学技术出版社,1994.12
[52]尹定邦.设计学概论.长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,2001
[53]王继成.产品设计中人机工程学.北京:化学工业出版社,2004.6
[54]张宪荣,陈麦,季华妹.工业设计理论与方法.北京:北京理工大学出版社,1996
[55]顾基发,唐锡晋.从古代系统思想到现代东方系统方法论.系统工程理论与实践,2000
[56]赵丽艳,顾基发.东西方评价方法论对比.研究管理科学学报,2000
[57]李乐山.工业设计思想基础。北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001
[58]Hajime Nagai,Application of Kansei Engineering for New Production Development for Beverages,Foods Food Ingredients,2002
[59]Julie R.Quant.Normal values of eye position head size in Chinese children from Hong Kong[J].Optom Vis sci,1993,70:665.
[60]Harada A.,The framework of Kansei engineering,Report of Modeling the Evaluation Structure of Kansei,1997
[61]Harada A.,Modeling the Evaluation Structure of Kansei using Network Robot,Report of Modeling the Evaluation Structure of Kansei Ⅱ,1998
[62]Nagamachi M,Kansei engineering as a powerful consumer oriented technology for product development,Applied Ergonomics,2002