基于Web Service的城市地理数据共享与应用研究
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摘要
互联网技术为城市地理空间数据的共享提供了广阔的舞台,但基于Web的元数据查询、数据下载和格式转换,或企业级数据库访问等数据共享方式存在不足。城市地理空间数据种类多、数据量大、来源部门广泛,数据模型、结构和格式的差异性,使得数据共享仍是我国数字城市建设中面临的重大挑战。随着Web服务技术、面向服务的架构(SOA)以及Mashup技术的发展,本文尝试利用地理信息服务技术,构建城市地理空间数据共享框架,并讨论相关的应用开发方式,期望为数字城市建设提供新的共享服务和应用开发途径。
本文的研究思路是:基于Web技术、SOAP协议、REST协议和Wxs标准,参考GIS软件产品的最新发展,采用面向服务的架构(SOA),讨论城市地理空间数据共享框架体系;利用ESRI的ArcGIS Server发布地理信息服务,探讨基于Web服务的应用开发方式;最后,采用.net、Flex和JavaScript等技术方案,开发GIS应用,验证基于服务的地理空间数据共享的可行性和有效性。
基于Web服务的城市地理数据共享框架体系的内容,主要包括地理信息服务的制作、注册、发布、调用。地理信息服务通常包括地图服务、地理编码服务、空间处理服务、影像服务、空间数据服务等。本文以ESRI的ArcGIS9.3软件为平台,构建符合WxS的地理信息服务,并发布、注册。在讨论相关地理信息服务集成方法技术的基础上,采用JavaScript、Flex和.NET Web ADF的方法,集成已发布的服务。
以“基于Web服务的城市地理空间数据服务框架”为基础,本文设计和开发了两个应用案例,即基于Web服务的城市安全应急系统和基于Web服务市政公共设施管理系统,分别采用.NET、JavaScript和Flex的方法,集成各相关服务。验证了本文提出的基于Web服务的城市地理空间数据服务框架的有效性和可行性。
本研究表明:基于Web服务的城市地理空间数据服务框架是可行的、有效的。地理信息服务的应用开发方式灵活、简单,对数字城市建设中城市地理空间数据共享问题的解决具有借鉴价值。
The Internet technology has provided the broad stage for urban geospatial data sharing, but metadata inquiry, data downloading and format conversion based on Web, and enterprise database sharing exist insufficiencies. The urban geospatial data has several features, such as large kinds, big quantity, widespread origination, difference among the data model, the structure and the form, which cause that data sharing is still the great challenge that Digit Urban Construction must face. Along with the Web service technology, SOA as well as the Mashup technology developing, this article attempts to construct the urban geospatial data sharing frame by geography information service technology, and discusses the related application development way. The above frame and technology will provide new way for the digital urban construction data sharing.
This article's research way is as following: Firstly, discussing the urban framework of geospatial data-sharing system which bases on Web technologies and WxS standards, refers to the latest GIS software product, and adopts the service-oriented architecture (SOA).Secondly, publishing the geographic information service by the ESRI's ArcGIS Server GIS and exploring the Web services-based application development approach. Finally, developing the GIS applications by the virtue of net、Java and JavaScript technology, meanwhile verifying that whether the frame of service-based geospatial data sharing is feasible and effective.
The geospatial data sharing framework's content includes the production of geographic information services, registration, release, call. Geographic information services generally include mapping services, geocoding services, geoprocessing services, image services, geodata services. This paper builds, publishes and registers geography information services by the platform of ArcGIS9.3 software. This paper integrates several services on the use of JavaScript and. NET Web ADF methods.
Under the support of "urban-based Web services framework for geo-spatial data services", this paper designs and develops two application cases, that is, city-based Web services security systems and emergency services, city-based Web services management system for municipal public facilities, respectively. It verifies that the proposed framework of Web services-based geospatial data services is effective and feasible.
This study shows that: the city-based Web services framework for geospatial data services is feasible and effective. The development way for GIS application services is flexible and simple, beneficial for digital cities geospatial data sharing.
本文的研究思路是:基于Web技术、SOAP协议、REST协议和Wxs标准,参考GIS软件产品的最新发展,采用面向服务的架构(SOA),讨论城市地理空间数据共享框架体系;利用ESRI的ArcGIS Server发布地理信息服务,探讨基于Web服务的应用开发方式;最后,采用.net、Flex和JavaScript等技术方案,开发GIS应用,验证基于服务的地理空间数据共享的可行性和有效性。
基于Web服务的城市地理数据共享框架体系的内容,主要包括地理信息服务的制作、注册、发布、调用。地理信息服务通常包括地图服务、地理编码服务、空间处理服务、影像服务、空间数据服务等。本文以ESRI的ArcGIS9.3软件为平台,构建符合WxS的地理信息服务,并发布、注册。在讨论相关地理信息服务集成方法技术的基础上,采用JavaScript、Flex和.NET Web ADF的方法,集成已发布的服务。
以“基于Web服务的城市地理空间数据服务框架”为基础,本文设计和开发了两个应用案例,即基于Web服务的城市安全应急系统和基于Web服务市政公共设施管理系统,分别采用.NET、JavaScript和Flex的方法,集成各相关服务。验证了本文提出的基于Web服务的城市地理空间数据服务框架的有效性和可行性。
本研究表明:基于Web服务的城市地理空间数据服务框架是可行的、有效的。地理信息服务的应用开发方式灵活、简单,对数字城市建设中城市地理空间数据共享问题的解决具有借鉴价值。
The Internet technology has provided the broad stage for urban geospatial data sharing, but metadata inquiry, data downloading and format conversion based on Web, and enterprise database sharing exist insufficiencies. The urban geospatial data has several features, such as large kinds, big quantity, widespread origination, difference among the data model, the structure and the form, which cause that data sharing is still the great challenge that Digit Urban Construction must face. Along with the Web service technology, SOA as well as the Mashup technology developing, this article attempts to construct the urban geospatial data sharing frame by geography information service technology, and discusses the related application development way. The above frame and technology will provide new way for the digital urban construction data sharing.
This article's research way is as following: Firstly, discussing the urban framework of geospatial data-sharing system which bases on Web technologies and WxS standards, refers to the latest GIS software product, and adopts the service-oriented architecture (SOA).Secondly, publishing the geographic information service by the ESRI's ArcGIS Server GIS and exploring the Web services-based application development approach. Finally, developing the GIS applications by the virtue of net、Java and JavaScript technology, meanwhile verifying that whether the frame of service-based geospatial data sharing is feasible and effective.
The geospatial data sharing framework's content includes the production of geographic information services, registration, release, call. Geographic information services generally include mapping services, geocoding services, geoprocessing services, image services, geodata services. This paper builds, publishes and registers geography information services by the platform of ArcGIS9.3 software. This paper integrates several services on the use of JavaScript and. NET Web ADF methods.
Under the support of "urban-based Web services framework for geo-spatial data services", this paper designs and develops two application cases, that is, city-based Web services security systems and emergency services, city-based Web services management system for municipal public facilities, respectively. It verifies that the proposed framework of Web services-based geospatial data services is effective and feasible.
This study shows that: the city-based Web services framework for geospatial data services is feasible and effective. The development way for GIS application services is flexible and simple, beneficial for digital cities geospatial data sharing.
引文
[1]建设部科技司“十五”重大科技项目可行性研究报告,城市规划、建设、管理与服务的数字化工程科技专项[R].2000.
[2]李琦,刘纯波,承继成,数字城市若干理论问题探讨[J].地理与地理信息科学,2003,Vol.19,No.1.
[3]承继成,王宏伟,等.城市如何数字化[M].北京:中国城市出版社,2001.
[4]承继成,等.数字城市的理论、方法与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[5]YANG Chao-wei,LI Qi.Web publishing of spatial information[C].Beijing:ISDE' 99,1999.
[6]OpenGIS Consortium.The Open GIS Service Architeture[R].1998
[7]黄晓斌.基于GeoAgent的空间信息服务与应用集成研究[D].2002.
[8]杨正华.城市GIS空间数据共享初探[J].测绘通报,2003,:55-57.
[9]郭雷,方立冬,陈天滋.基于Web服务的数字城市信息资源共享平台[J],2005,26(3):628-633.
[10]牛树海,李少斌.信息社会下城市地理学的发展.三门峡职业技术学院学报.2004,2(4):60.
[11]何建邦,闾国年,吴平生.地理信息共享的原理与方法.北京:科学出版社.2003,4-6.
[12]OpenGIS-Catalog interface implementation specification(version 1.0),Open GIS Project Document,99-051.
[13]Open GIS Consortium inc,Geography Markup Language(GML) 2.0,http://www.opengis.NET/gml/01-029/gm12.htm
[14]Open GIS Consortium,Inc,OWS 1.2 UDDI Experiment,2003.
[15]Open GIS Consortium Inc,OWS I.2 SOAP Experiment Report,2003.
[16]Open GIS Consortium Inc,OWS Common Implementation Specification,2003.
[17]Open GIS Consortium Inc,Integrated Client for Multiple OGC-compliant Services Architecture.Design,and Experience,2003.
[18]耿红琴,孙利.面向服务架构(SOA)的研究与探索.福建电脑,2005(9):65.
[19]Taylor K L,O' Keefe C M,Colton Jet al.A service-oriented architecture for a health research data network.Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Scientific and Statistical Database Management,Santorini Island,Greece,2004:443-444.
[20]Dang G,Cheng Z,Jin S et al.A service-oriented architecture for tele-immersion.Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Conference on e-Technology,e-Commerce and e-Service.Hong Kong,China,2005:646-649.
[21]Wang H,Ghoting A,Buehrer G et al.A services-oriented framework for next generation data analysis centers.Proceedings of the 9th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium,Denver,Colorado,2005:219-219.
[22]Herr M,Bath U,Koschel A.Implementation of a service-oriented architecture at deutsche post mail,European Conference on Web Services,Erfurt,Germany,2004:227-238.
[23]Rabbi F A,Dabous F T,Yu Het al.A case study in developing meb services for capital markets. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on e-Technology,e-Commerce and e-Service,Taipei,Taiwan,China.2004:38-41.
[24]Colan h,面向服务的体系结构的特征.http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/webservices/ws-soaintro.html,2007.
[25]王建涛.基于Web的地理信息服务的研究与实践[D].中国人民解放军信息工程大学测绘学院博士论文,2005.
[26]邓淑明,胡思仁.地理信息网络服务与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[27]OpenGIS Consortium.Overview of OpenGIS Implementation Specifications.2002
[28]ESRI.ESRI技术白皮书:标准与互操作[R].ESRI中国(北京)有限公司,2008.
[29]ESRI.ArcGIS 9:ArcGIS Server Administrator and Developer Guide[M].ESRI,2005.
[30]Shanahan F(吴宏泉译).Mashups Web 2.0开发技术:基于Amazon.com[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2008:29-44.
[31]Cheung K H,Yip K Y,Townsend J P,et al.Health Care and Life Sciences Data Mashup Using Web2.0/3.0[J].Journal of Biomedical Informatics,2008.04.
[32]Housing Maps[OL/EB].http://www.housingmaps.com,2008.
[33]牛树海,李少斌.信息社会下城市地理学的发展.三门峡职业技术学院学报.2004,2(4):60
[34]龚健雅.当代地理信息系统进展综述.测绘与空间地理信息.2004,27(1):7-8.
[35]王疆霞.鄂尔多斯盆地白垩系地下水水化学空间数据库的构建及应用[D].长安大学硕士学位论文.
[36]李静燕等,基于Web Services的分布式GIS集成框架[[J],计算机工程,第30卷,第12期,2004
[37]杨崇俊,网格及其对地理信息服务的影响[J],地理信息世界,第1卷,第1期
[38]邬伦,唐大仕,刘瑜.基于WebService的分布式互操作的GIS[J].地理与地理信息科学,2003,19(4):28-31.
[39]柴晓路,梁宇奇.Web Services技术、架构和应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003.
[40]承继成,林晖,周成虎,曾衫,数字地球导论[M],科学出版社,2000.
[41]钱贞国.面向互操作的分布式网络地理信息系统研究[D].中国科学院研究生院博士论文,2004.
[42]Open GIS Consortium Inc,Integrated Client for Multiple OGCocompliant Services Architecture Design,and Experience,2003.
[43]Open GIS Consortium Inc,Web Map Service Implementation Specification.Part 2:XML for Requests using HTTP POST,2002.
[44]Liebennan J S,Syncline Inc.OpenGIS Discussion Papers:OpenGIS Web Services Architecture.Open GIS Consortium.2003.
[45]王天亮,陈刚,徐宏炳.基于共享数据库的数据共享技术[J].计算机工程与设计,2007,28(8):1923-1926.
[46]空间信息平台解决方案[R].ESRI中国(北京)有限公司,2008.
[47]李贵荣,郭建平.地理信息系统的研究现状及发展趋势.南方冶金学院学报,2003,24(2):10-14.
[2]李琦,刘纯波,承继成,数字城市若干理论问题探讨[J].地理与地理信息科学,2003,Vol.19,No.1.
[3]承继成,王宏伟,等.城市如何数字化[M].北京:中国城市出版社,2001.
[4]承继成,等.数字城市的理论、方法与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[5]YANG Chao-wei,LI Qi.Web publishing of spatial information[C].Beijing:ISDE' 99,1999.
[6]OpenGIS Consortium.The Open GIS Service Architeture[R].1998
[7]黄晓斌.基于GeoAgent的空间信息服务与应用集成研究[D].2002.
[8]杨正华.城市GIS空间数据共享初探[J].测绘通报,2003,:55-57.
[9]郭雷,方立冬,陈天滋.基于Web服务的数字城市信息资源共享平台[J],2005,26(3):628-633.
[10]牛树海,李少斌.信息社会下城市地理学的发展.三门峡职业技术学院学报.2004,2(4):60.
[11]何建邦,闾国年,吴平生.地理信息共享的原理与方法.北京:科学出版社.2003,4-6.
[12]OpenGIS-Catalog interface implementation specification(version 1.0),Open GIS Project Document,99-051.
[13]Open GIS Consortium inc,Geography Markup Language(GML) 2.0,http://www.opengis.NET/gml/01-029/gm12.htm
[14]Open GIS Consortium,Inc,OWS 1.2 UDDI Experiment,2003.
[15]Open GIS Consortium Inc,OWS I.2 SOAP Experiment Report,2003.
[16]Open GIS Consortium Inc,OWS Common Implementation Specification,2003.
[17]Open GIS Consortium Inc,Integrated Client for Multiple OGC-compliant Services Architecture.Design,and Experience,2003.
[18]耿红琴,孙利.面向服务架构(SOA)的研究与探索.福建电脑,2005(9):65.
[19]Taylor K L,O' Keefe C M,Colton Jet al.A service-oriented architecture for a health research data network.Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Scientific and Statistical Database Management,Santorini Island,Greece,2004:443-444.
[20]Dang G,Cheng Z,Jin S et al.A service-oriented architecture for tele-immersion.Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Conference on e-Technology,e-Commerce and e-Service.Hong Kong,China,2005:646-649.
[21]Wang H,Ghoting A,Buehrer G et al.A services-oriented framework for next generation data analysis centers.Proceedings of the 9th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium,Denver,Colorado,2005:219-219.
[22]Herr M,Bath U,Koschel A.Implementation of a service-oriented architecture at deutsche post mail,European Conference on Web Services,Erfurt,Germany,2004:227-238.
[23]Rabbi F A,Dabous F T,Yu Het al.A case study in developing meb services for capital markets. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on e-Technology,e-Commerce and e-Service,Taipei,Taiwan,China.2004:38-41.
[24]Colan h,面向服务的体系结构的特征.http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/webservices/ws-soaintro.html,2007.
[25]王建涛.基于Web的地理信息服务的研究与实践[D].中国人民解放军信息工程大学测绘学院博士论文,2005.
[26]邓淑明,胡思仁.地理信息网络服务与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[27]OpenGIS Consortium.Overview of OpenGIS Implementation Specifications.2002
[28]ESRI.ESRI技术白皮书:标准与互操作[R].ESRI中国(北京)有限公司,2008.
[29]ESRI.ArcGIS 9:ArcGIS Server Administrator and Developer Guide[M].ESRI,2005.
[30]Shanahan F(吴宏泉译).Mashups Web 2.0开发技术:基于Amazon.com[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2008:29-44.
[31]Cheung K H,Yip K Y,Townsend J P,et al.Health Care and Life Sciences Data Mashup Using Web2.0/3.0[J].Journal of Biomedical Informatics,2008.04.
[32]Housing Maps[OL/EB].http://www.housingmaps.com,2008.
[33]牛树海,李少斌.信息社会下城市地理学的发展.三门峡职业技术学院学报.2004,2(4):60
[34]龚健雅.当代地理信息系统进展综述.测绘与空间地理信息.2004,27(1):7-8.
[35]王疆霞.鄂尔多斯盆地白垩系地下水水化学空间数据库的构建及应用[D].长安大学硕士学位论文.
[36]李静燕等,基于Web Services的分布式GIS集成框架[[J],计算机工程,第30卷,第12期,2004
[37]杨崇俊,网格及其对地理信息服务的影响[J],地理信息世界,第1卷,第1期
[38]邬伦,唐大仕,刘瑜.基于WebService的分布式互操作的GIS[J].地理与地理信息科学,2003,19(4):28-31.
[39]柴晓路,梁宇奇.Web Services技术、架构和应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003.
[40]承继成,林晖,周成虎,曾衫,数字地球导论[M],科学出版社,2000.
[41]钱贞国.面向互操作的分布式网络地理信息系统研究[D].中国科学院研究生院博士论文,2004.
[42]Open GIS Consortium Inc,Integrated Client for Multiple OGCocompliant Services Architecture Design,and Experience,2003.
[43]Open GIS Consortium Inc,Web Map Service Implementation Specification.Part 2:XML for Requests using HTTP POST,2002.
[44]Liebennan J S,Syncline Inc.OpenGIS Discussion Papers:OpenGIS Web Services Architecture.Open GIS Consortium.2003.
[45]王天亮,陈刚,徐宏炳.基于共享数据库的数据共享技术[J].计算机工程与设计,2007,28(8):1923-1926.
[46]空间信息平台解决方案[R].ESRI中国(北京)有限公司,2008.
[47]李贵荣,郭建平.地理信息系统的研究现状及发展趋势.南方冶金学院学报,2003,24(2):10-14.