施肥和刈割对黔南区轮作多花黑麦草产草量及体外消化的研究
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摘要
贵州每年冬闲田种植多花黑麦草的面积据统计有10多万hm~2,创造了巨大的生态效益、社会效益和经济效益,而贵州的冬闲田有50多万hm~2,因此,有必要对稻田冬季轮作黑麦草进行栽培管理方面的研究,为生产实践提供指导。本试验主要以贵州黔南地区的钻石T多花黑麦草为对象进行了施肥和刈割两方面深入的试验。定量分析了黔南地区N、P、K肥的不同比例混合和不同的刈割处理对多花黑麦草产量、常规营养成分、体外消化的影响。以期能为黔南地区以及整个贵州农户的种草养畜提供实际可操作性的指导性意见。研究结果表明:
1.稻田轮作下氮磷钾混合肥对多花黑麦草产量的影响
通过16个不同的氮磷钾混合肥对黑麦草产量的影响,最后得出氮磷钾肥以1300kg/hm~2:650kg/hm~2:650kg/hm~2的比例混合时,多花黑麦草的再生能力最强,黑麦草的年鲜草和年干草产量都比其他15个氮磷钾肥混合小区都要高,分别是105750kg/hm~2和28900kg/hm~2。由线性回归方程(1)Y=5440.59+52.35X_1 +4.19X_2-5.657X_3, R~2=0.706,可得到N肥为130g/m~2、P肥为120g/m~2、K肥为0g/m~2的混合肥对多花黑麦草施肥,能得到理论上最大的鲜草产量为12748.89g/m~2(127500kg/hm~2)。
2.刈割对多花黑麦草产量的影响
通过16个不同的刈割处理方式对黑麦草的影响,测得刈割利用方式为当黑麦草株高达到30-40cm,留茬高为6-8cm,以及黑麦草株高达到40-50cm,留茬高为4-6cm进行的刈割,能得到比其他刈割利用方式的小区鲜草年产量和干草年产量都要高,分别是81225kg/hm~2和74525kg/hm~2;18325kg/hm~2和17075kg/hm~2。低株高,高留茬能有效增加黑麦草产量。
3.刈割对多花黑麦草营养成分的影响
通过16个不同的刈割组合方式,最后得出刈割方式为黑麦草株高达到30-40cm留茬高为6-8cm的刈割处理,能得到比其他刈割处理小区的粗蛋白含量较高,而粗纤维含量较低结果,粗蛋白含量幅度为10.35%-17.92%和粗纤维含量为19.72%-38.86%,其粗蛋白含量平均值为15.83%,粗纤维含量平均值为27.88%。
4.刈割对黑麦草的体外消化率的影响
刈割还影响多花黑麦草的消化率,试验表明16个小区中,1号小区的体外消化率最大,即刈割方式为当黑麦草株高达到30-40cm,留茬0-2cm高进行刈割的小区体外消化率平均值达到73.68%,其次是2号小区(刈割方式为当黑麦草株高达到30-40cm,留茬2-4cm高进行刈割的小区)体外消化率平均值为73.26%。通过线性回归方程得到低株高,低留茬刈割的黑麦草体外消化率较高。
5.刈割对黑麦草的体外消化量的影响
刈割方式为当黑麦草株高达到30-40cm,留茬高为6-8cm,和黑麦草株高达到40-50cm,留茬高为4-6cm的刈割,能得到比其他处理的小区较高的体外消化量,分别是10829.94kg/hm~2、11276.02kg/hm~2,由体外消化量与产量和消化率的线性方程y=467.66+0.097x_1+6.77x_2,R~2=0.775,可得到,消化量与产量和消化率成正相关,主要受到产量的影响,还可得到在试验范围内,产量和消化率都为最大值时,能得到最高的体外消化量。
6.最佳的栽培管理模式
通过施肥与刈割两方面对黔南地区稻草轮作多花黑麦草的影响试验,得出N肥为130g/m~2、P肥为120g/m~2、K肥为0g/m~2的混合肥对多花黑麦草施肥,能得到较高的鲜草产量;刈割方式为株高30-40cm,留茬高为6-8cm能得到较高的体外消化量,比其他刈割处理小区的粗蛋白含量较高,而粗纤维含量较低。
By use of winter fallow field, there are more than 10 million hm~2 planting area of annual ryegrass in Guizhou Province, which produced great ecological, social and economic benefits, however, there are more than 50 million hm~2 idle winter fallow field in Guizhou Province. So its necessary to carry out studying on rice-annual ryegrass crop rotation system. In this study, annual Ryegrass named diamond T was selected and a series of research including fertilization and cutting were carried out. Effects of N, P, K fertilizer ratio and different cutting treatments on yield, nutritional components and in vitro digestion of annual ryegrass were quantitative analyzed, aiming to provide practical operational guidance for production. The main results showed as follows:
1. Effects of N, P, K fertilizer ratio on yield of annual ryegrass under paddy crop rotation system
The result of fertilizer application study on ryegrass showed that the optimum fertilizer composition out of 16 different combinations was 1300kg/hm~2 of N, 650kg/hm~2 of P and 650kg/hm~2 of K. With the optimum fertilizer composition, the annual ryegrass displayed the stronggest regeneration ability, higest fresh yield of 105750kg/hm~2 and hay yield of 28900kg/hm~2. According to the equation of linear regression Y=5440.59 +52.35X_1 +4.19X_2-5.657X_3, R~2=0.706, when the fertilizer compositon as 130g/m~2 of N, 120g/m~2of P, and 0g/m~2 of K, the annual ryegrass could reach the highest fresh yield of 12.75kg/m~2
2. Effects of mowing on the yield of annual ryegrass
The result of mowing test shows: All of the 16 mowing treatments, the cutting height was better to be about 30-40cm. and the stubble height should be 6-8cm, or the cutting height was 40-50cm and stubble height was 4-6cm. Their corresponding fresh yield and hay yield were 81225kg/hm~2 and 74525kg/hm~2,18325kg/hm~2and 17075kg/hm~2 respectively. So lower height and higher stubble is helpful to yield increase of annual ryegrass.
3. Effects of mowing on the nutritional components of annual ryegrass
According to the experimental results, when the mowing height was 30-40 cm, and the stubble height was 6-8cm, the annual ryegrass possessed higer crude protein content and lower crude fiber content than the other 15 treatments. The crude protein ranged from 10.35% to 17.92% with an average of 15.83%, and the crude fiber content was 19.72%-38.86%,with an average of 27.88%.
4. Effects of mowing on in vitro digestibility of annual ryegrass
In all of the 16 experimental plots, the No.1 plots showed the highest in vitro digestibility of 73.68%, this means that as for in vitro digestibility of annual ryegrass, the best mowing way was 30-40 cm mowing height and 0-2cm stubble height. The No. 2 plot also had relatively high in vitro digestibility of 73.26%, and its mowing height was 30-40 cm, stubble height was 2-4cm. Based on the equation of linear regression, lower stubble height of annual ryegrass corresponding to higher in vitro digestibility.
5. Effects of mowing on in vitro digestion amount of annual ryegrass
As for the in vitro digestion amount, the better mowing way were 30-40cm mowing height and 6-8cm stubble height with a in vitro digestion amount of 10829.94kg/hm~2, and mowing height was 40-50 cm, stubble height was 4-6cm with a in vitro digestion amount of 11276.02kg/hm~2. From the in vitro digestion amount and yield linear equations y=467.66+0.097x_1+6.77x_2, R~2=0.775, we could draw a conclusion that in vitro digestion was concupositive correlation with yield.
6. The best cultivation and management model for rice-annual ryegrass rotation system
Compared by tests of fertilization and mowing, we summarized a set of best cultivation and management model for rice-annual ryegrass rotation system in Southern Guizhou. The optimum fertilizer composition for high yield of annual ryegrass was 130g/m~2 of N, 120g/m~2 of P, and 0g/m~2 of K; The best mowing way as following: the cutting height was better to be about 30-40 cm, and the stubble height should be 6-8cm. According to the above mowing treatment, the annual ryegrass showed the higher in vitro digestion amount and crude protein content, but lower crude fiber content than the other treatment.
1.稻田轮作下氮磷钾混合肥对多花黑麦草产量的影响
通过16个不同的氮磷钾混合肥对黑麦草产量的影响,最后得出氮磷钾肥以1300kg/hm~2:650kg/hm~2:650kg/hm~2的比例混合时,多花黑麦草的再生能力最强,黑麦草的年鲜草和年干草产量都比其他15个氮磷钾肥混合小区都要高,分别是105750kg/hm~2和28900kg/hm~2。由线性回归方程(1)Y=5440.59+52.35X_1 +4.19X_2-5.657X_3, R~2=0.706,可得到N肥为130g/m~2、P肥为120g/m~2、K肥为0g/m~2的混合肥对多花黑麦草施肥,能得到理论上最大的鲜草产量为12748.89g/m~2(127500kg/hm~2)。
2.刈割对多花黑麦草产量的影响
通过16个不同的刈割处理方式对黑麦草的影响,测得刈割利用方式为当黑麦草株高达到30-40cm,留茬高为6-8cm,以及黑麦草株高达到40-50cm,留茬高为4-6cm进行的刈割,能得到比其他刈割利用方式的小区鲜草年产量和干草年产量都要高,分别是81225kg/hm~2和74525kg/hm~2;18325kg/hm~2和17075kg/hm~2。低株高,高留茬能有效增加黑麦草产量。
3.刈割对多花黑麦草营养成分的影响
通过16个不同的刈割组合方式,最后得出刈割方式为黑麦草株高达到30-40cm留茬高为6-8cm的刈割处理,能得到比其他刈割处理小区的粗蛋白含量较高,而粗纤维含量较低结果,粗蛋白含量幅度为10.35%-17.92%和粗纤维含量为19.72%-38.86%,其粗蛋白含量平均值为15.83%,粗纤维含量平均值为27.88%。
4.刈割对黑麦草的体外消化率的影响
刈割还影响多花黑麦草的消化率,试验表明16个小区中,1号小区的体外消化率最大,即刈割方式为当黑麦草株高达到30-40cm,留茬0-2cm高进行刈割的小区体外消化率平均值达到73.68%,其次是2号小区(刈割方式为当黑麦草株高达到30-40cm,留茬2-4cm高进行刈割的小区)体外消化率平均值为73.26%。通过线性回归方程得到低株高,低留茬刈割的黑麦草体外消化率较高。
5.刈割对黑麦草的体外消化量的影响
刈割方式为当黑麦草株高达到30-40cm,留茬高为6-8cm,和黑麦草株高达到40-50cm,留茬高为4-6cm的刈割,能得到比其他处理的小区较高的体外消化量,分别是10829.94kg/hm~2、11276.02kg/hm~2,由体外消化量与产量和消化率的线性方程y=467.66+0.097x_1+6.77x_2,R~2=0.775,可得到,消化量与产量和消化率成正相关,主要受到产量的影响,还可得到在试验范围内,产量和消化率都为最大值时,能得到最高的体外消化量。
6.最佳的栽培管理模式
通过施肥与刈割两方面对黔南地区稻草轮作多花黑麦草的影响试验,得出N肥为130g/m~2、P肥为120g/m~2、K肥为0g/m~2的混合肥对多花黑麦草施肥,能得到较高的鲜草产量;刈割方式为株高30-40cm,留茬高为6-8cm能得到较高的体外消化量,比其他刈割处理小区的粗蛋白含量较高,而粗纤维含量较低。
By use of winter fallow field, there are more than 10 million hm~2 planting area of annual ryegrass in Guizhou Province, which produced great ecological, social and economic benefits, however, there are more than 50 million hm~2 idle winter fallow field in Guizhou Province. So its necessary to carry out studying on rice-annual ryegrass crop rotation system. In this study, annual Ryegrass named diamond T was selected and a series of research including fertilization and cutting were carried out. Effects of N, P, K fertilizer ratio and different cutting treatments on yield, nutritional components and in vitro digestion of annual ryegrass were quantitative analyzed, aiming to provide practical operational guidance for production. The main results showed as follows:
1. Effects of N, P, K fertilizer ratio on yield of annual ryegrass under paddy crop rotation system
The result of fertilizer application study on ryegrass showed that the optimum fertilizer composition out of 16 different combinations was 1300kg/hm~2 of N, 650kg/hm~2 of P and 650kg/hm~2 of K. With the optimum fertilizer composition, the annual ryegrass displayed the stronggest regeneration ability, higest fresh yield of 105750kg/hm~2 and hay yield of 28900kg/hm~2. According to the equation of linear regression Y=5440.59 +52.35X_1 +4.19X_2-5.657X_3, R~2=0.706, when the fertilizer compositon as 130g/m~2 of N, 120g/m~2of P, and 0g/m~2 of K, the annual ryegrass could reach the highest fresh yield of 12.75kg/m~2
2. Effects of mowing on the yield of annual ryegrass
The result of mowing test shows: All of the 16 mowing treatments, the cutting height was better to be about 30-40cm. and the stubble height should be 6-8cm, or the cutting height was 40-50cm and stubble height was 4-6cm. Their corresponding fresh yield and hay yield were 81225kg/hm~2 and 74525kg/hm~2,18325kg/hm~2and 17075kg/hm~2 respectively. So lower height and higher stubble is helpful to yield increase of annual ryegrass.
3. Effects of mowing on the nutritional components of annual ryegrass
According to the experimental results, when the mowing height was 30-40 cm, and the stubble height was 6-8cm, the annual ryegrass possessed higer crude protein content and lower crude fiber content than the other 15 treatments. The crude protein ranged from 10.35% to 17.92% with an average of 15.83%, and the crude fiber content was 19.72%-38.86%,with an average of 27.88%.
4. Effects of mowing on in vitro digestibility of annual ryegrass
In all of the 16 experimental plots, the No.1 plots showed the highest in vitro digestibility of 73.68%, this means that as for in vitro digestibility of annual ryegrass, the best mowing way was 30-40 cm mowing height and 0-2cm stubble height. The No. 2 plot also had relatively high in vitro digestibility of 73.26%, and its mowing height was 30-40 cm, stubble height was 2-4cm. Based on the equation of linear regression, lower stubble height of annual ryegrass corresponding to higher in vitro digestibility.
5. Effects of mowing on in vitro digestion amount of annual ryegrass
As for the in vitro digestion amount, the better mowing way were 30-40cm mowing height and 6-8cm stubble height with a in vitro digestion amount of 10829.94kg/hm~2, and mowing height was 40-50 cm, stubble height was 4-6cm with a in vitro digestion amount of 11276.02kg/hm~2. From the in vitro digestion amount and yield linear equations y=467.66+0.097x_1+6.77x_2, R~2=0.775, we could draw a conclusion that in vitro digestion was concupositive correlation with yield.
6. The best cultivation and management model for rice-annual ryegrass rotation system
Compared by tests of fertilization and mowing, we summarized a set of best cultivation and management model for rice-annual ryegrass rotation system in Southern Guizhou. The optimum fertilizer composition for high yield of annual ryegrass was 130g/m~2 of N, 120g/m~2 of P, and 0g/m~2 of K; The best mowing way as following: the cutting height was better to be about 30-40 cm, and the stubble height should be 6-8cm. According to the above mowing treatment, the annual ryegrass showed the higher in vitro digestion amount and crude protein content, but lower crude fiber content than the other treatment.
引文
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