粒子加速器中复杂静力水准系统的精度理论与验证研究
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摘要
静力水准系统(Hydrostatic leveling system,下面简称HLS)根据相连的钵体中液体总是相同势能的水平原理,测量和监测观测点之间的相对高程变化量。HLS系统以很高的测量精度在精密工程测量领域得到广泛应用,尤其在精密工程测量如粒子加速器准直测量中应用最为普遍,国际上大部分粒子加速器实验室的准直测量工作中均用到了静力水准系统。粒子加速器在铅垂方向的位移变化是影响加速器正常运行的主要形变,因此利用HLS对粒子加速器中各重要元部件的沉降变化进行监测是必要的。
论文首先结合目前粒子加速器准直的研究发展趋势,对HLS系统在国内外粒子加速器准直工作中的应用进行了系统介绍,阐述了各大加速器实验室在利用HLS进行准直测量时面临的相关问题及挑战。随着加速器新理论和技术的发展,新一代光源加速器不断出现,工程对准直精度的要求越来越高,因此仅仅单方面靠提高HLS传感器本身精度是不足够的。
论文一方面着重探讨了影响HLS测量精度的因素,并对这些影响因素进行了深入的理论分析；另一方面通过合理设计,建立多套实验验证系统,对理论研究进行验证,进而提出了剔除这一系列影响因素的方法。具体研究内容和成果主要如下：
1.温度不均匀对HLS系统测量读数的影响研究。静力水准系统的工作媒介是液体,温度不均匀变化必然引起液体密度的变化,也就使液体体积发生变化,必然影响系统的测量精度。通过理论研究和实验验证,得出了一套可靠的温度修正方法。
2.阐述了钵体液面所受压力不同对HLS系统读数的影响,并提出了消除该影响的措施。采用了密封传感器钵体,将传感器钵体之间用等压气管连接的方法来保证钵体内液面所受压强大小相等,减小HLS系统误差来源。同时还简要阐述了地面振动、重力异常对HLS读数的影响。
3.深入研究了倾斜固体潮、海洋负荷潮对HLS读数的影响。地球在引潮力作用下,固体地球会发生周期性的形变,倾斜固体潮周期性地在HLS读数中呈现。在高精度大地测量尤其是高精度粒子加速器准直测量中,固体潮的影响不可忽视。因此,首先需要对HLS数据进行预处理,对HLS数据进行温度补偿,再对数据进行调和分析,得到当地的潮波模型以及倾斜潮的准确影响,进而可以对HLS读数中包含的倾斜固体潮部分进行潮汐改正以得到更高的监测精度。
4.在合肥光源实验室搭建一套长约20米的HLS实验平台。该平台主要验证了采用的HLS系统精度足够分辨固体潮,并且该系统的读数变化主要源于固体潮的影响。
5.在噪声干扰很小的泾县地震台监测洞体内搭建了一套HLS监测系统,更进一步验证利用该套HLS系统进行固体潮修正的可靠性。
6.为了更广泛地研究固体潮修正模型,完成了基于瑞士CERN和日本Spring-8加速器实验室的HLS数据的固体潮改正研究。
本论文首先提出了粒子加速器中复杂静力水准系统的精度理论与验证研究,属于首创。通过运用多学科的知识,综合研究HLS系统的各个影响因素,可以更严格、更科学地反映HLS的真实测量精度。采用理论和实验相结合的方法是本项目的特色,对静力水准系统进行全面的理论研究和实验验证,为正在使用的和将要使用的静力水准系统提供科学的评价标准。
本论文研究工作的完成,为已经建成以及即将开始建设的新一代粒子加速器中使用静力水准系统获得更高精度的测量数据奠定了基础,具有重要意义。
Hydrostatic leveling system (HLS) follows the principle that the liquid (deionized water or purified water) in it is always looking for equipotential surface, which uses connected reservoirs of water to determine the relative elevation difference of the monitoring points. It's widely used in engineering survey because of its high accuracy, especially in precision engineering survey such as particle accelerators alignment. Deformation in the vertical direction of the particle accelerator is the main affecting factor in the operation of an accelerator, so it is always necessary to use HLS to monitor the deformation of key component parts in a particle accelerator.
Firstly, considering the current development tendency of particle accelerator alignment, application of HLS used in particle accelerators home and abroad is introduced systematically and the relative issues and challenges are described. With the development of the new theory and technology of alignment used in large particle accelerator, an increasing number of new generation light sources were built successively, and the requirements of the alignment accuracy have become increasingly harsh, even micron-level precision is required in the large scale measurement. Therefore, increasing the HLS accuracy unilaterally cannot meet the demand in the alignment work in the future.
This paper on the one hand mainly discusses the factors affecting the measurement accuracy of HLS through theoretical analysis and case studies. On the other hand, the theoretical study is verified by building multiple sets of HLS experimental verification system. And then the corresponding method and theory to eliminate the influencing factors are proposed. The main research contents and achievements are as follows:
1. Studies on effects of uneven temperature change on HLS system are finished. Working medium of HLS system is liquid, so uneven temperature changes inevitably lead to changes of the density of the liquid, and then lead to the changes of the liquid volume, which will inevitably affect the measurement accuracy of HLS. Thus a set of reliable temperature compensation method is obtained through theoretical and experimental verification.
2. Describing effect of different pressures on the surface of the fluid on the HLS readings, and the measure to eliminating the effect is proposed for reducing the source of errors. Firstly, using rubber ring to seal the sensor pot, and then, using isobaric connecting air pipe to connect sensors together to ensure the pressures on the surface of the fluid in different sensors pot are equivalent. Meanwhile, the effects of ground vibration and gravity anomaly on HLS readings are introduced briefly in this paper.
3. In-depth studies on tidal effects (earth tide and oceanic load tide) on HLS readings are expounded in this paper. The earth is a complicated exercise body deformed under the action of various forces; any point on earth is affected by the gravitation of the sun and the moon besides the gravity and the rotational centrifugal force of the earth. Solid earth deforms periodically under the action of tidal force, and the tidal effects on the readings of HLS are non-ignorable, especially in the alignment of particle accelerator. Therefore, temperature compensation and pre-processing to the raw data is fatal with using software Tsoft. After finishing the harmonic analysis to the data with using Eterna, local tide model is calculated. In other words, the tidal effects on HLS readings are obtained. Finally, the local ground deformations are got by deleting the tidal effects.4. About20meters HLS testing platform have been built in Hefei light source. This platform is mainly used for verifying the accuracy of HLS is enough to distinguish the earth tide signal and the HLS reading changes was mainly due to the earth tide.5. A set of HLS was installed in Jingxian seismicstation for studies on tidal correction of observations from HLS, and further validating its reliability.6. Studies on tidal correction of the data based on HLS used at CERN and Spring-8is completed for studying the tidal correction model more widely. Studies on accuracy theory and validation of HLS system used in particle accelerators were first introduced in this paper. Studying relative affecting factors mentioned above by using multidisciplinary knowledge and experimental verification, more reliable and scientific evaluation criterion of HLS measuring accuracy can be provided for relative alignment work. The current research establishes a foundation for getting higher precision of measurement data for HLS used in new generation particle accelerator have been built and will be built in the future.
论文首先结合目前粒子加速器准直的研究发展趋势,对HLS系统在国内外粒子加速器准直工作中的应用进行了系统介绍,阐述了各大加速器实验室在利用HLS进行准直测量时面临的相关问题及挑战。随着加速器新理论和技术的发展,新一代光源加速器不断出现,工程对准直精度的要求越来越高,因此仅仅单方面靠提高HLS传感器本身精度是不足够的。
论文一方面着重探讨了影响HLS测量精度的因素,并对这些影响因素进行了深入的理论分析；另一方面通过合理设计,建立多套实验验证系统,对理论研究进行验证,进而提出了剔除这一系列影响因素的方法。具体研究内容和成果主要如下：
1.温度不均匀对HLS系统测量读数的影响研究。静力水准系统的工作媒介是液体,温度不均匀变化必然引起液体密度的变化,也就使液体体积发生变化,必然影响系统的测量精度。通过理论研究和实验验证,得出了一套可靠的温度修正方法。
2.阐述了钵体液面所受压力不同对HLS系统读数的影响,并提出了消除该影响的措施。采用了密封传感器钵体,将传感器钵体之间用等压气管连接的方法来保证钵体内液面所受压强大小相等,减小HLS系统误差来源。同时还简要阐述了地面振动、重力异常对HLS读数的影响。
3.深入研究了倾斜固体潮、海洋负荷潮对HLS读数的影响。地球在引潮力作用下,固体地球会发生周期性的形变,倾斜固体潮周期性地在HLS读数中呈现。在高精度大地测量尤其是高精度粒子加速器准直测量中,固体潮的影响不可忽视。因此,首先需要对HLS数据进行预处理,对HLS数据进行温度补偿,再对数据进行调和分析,得到当地的潮波模型以及倾斜潮的准确影响,进而可以对HLS读数中包含的倾斜固体潮部分进行潮汐改正以得到更高的监测精度。
4.在合肥光源实验室搭建一套长约20米的HLS实验平台。该平台主要验证了采用的HLS系统精度足够分辨固体潮,并且该系统的读数变化主要源于固体潮的影响。
5.在噪声干扰很小的泾县地震台监测洞体内搭建了一套HLS监测系统,更进一步验证利用该套HLS系统进行固体潮修正的可靠性。
6.为了更广泛地研究固体潮修正模型,完成了基于瑞士CERN和日本Spring-8加速器实验室的HLS数据的固体潮改正研究。
本论文首先提出了粒子加速器中复杂静力水准系统的精度理论与验证研究,属于首创。通过运用多学科的知识,综合研究HLS系统的各个影响因素,可以更严格、更科学地反映HLS的真实测量精度。采用理论和实验相结合的方法是本项目的特色,对静力水准系统进行全面的理论研究和实验验证,为正在使用的和将要使用的静力水准系统提供科学的评价标准。
本论文研究工作的完成,为已经建成以及即将开始建设的新一代粒子加速器中使用静力水准系统获得更高精度的测量数据奠定了基础,具有重要意义。
Hydrostatic leveling system (HLS) follows the principle that the liquid (deionized water or purified water) in it is always looking for equipotential surface, which uses connected reservoirs of water to determine the relative elevation difference of the monitoring points. It's widely used in engineering survey because of its high accuracy, especially in precision engineering survey such as particle accelerators alignment. Deformation in the vertical direction of the particle accelerator is the main affecting factor in the operation of an accelerator, so it is always necessary to use HLS to monitor the deformation of key component parts in a particle accelerator.
Firstly, considering the current development tendency of particle accelerator alignment, application of HLS used in particle accelerators home and abroad is introduced systematically and the relative issues and challenges are described. With the development of the new theory and technology of alignment used in large particle accelerator, an increasing number of new generation light sources were built successively, and the requirements of the alignment accuracy have become increasingly harsh, even micron-level precision is required in the large scale measurement. Therefore, increasing the HLS accuracy unilaterally cannot meet the demand in the alignment work in the future.
This paper on the one hand mainly discusses the factors affecting the measurement accuracy of HLS through theoretical analysis and case studies. On the other hand, the theoretical study is verified by building multiple sets of HLS experimental verification system. And then the corresponding method and theory to eliminate the influencing factors are proposed. The main research contents and achievements are as follows:
1. Studies on effects of uneven temperature change on HLS system are finished. Working medium of HLS system is liquid, so uneven temperature changes inevitably lead to changes of the density of the liquid, and then lead to the changes of the liquid volume, which will inevitably affect the measurement accuracy of HLS. Thus a set of reliable temperature compensation method is obtained through theoretical and experimental verification.
2. Describing effect of different pressures on the surface of the fluid on the HLS readings, and the measure to eliminating the effect is proposed for reducing the source of errors. Firstly, using rubber ring to seal the sensor pot, and then, using isobaric connecting air pipe to connect sensors together to ensure the pressures on the surface of the fluid in different sensors pot are equivalent. Meanwhile, the effects of ground vibration and gravity anomaly on HLS readings are introduced briefly in this paper.
3. In-depth studies on tidal effects (earth tide and oceanic load tide) on HLS readings are expounded in this paper. The earth is a complicated exercise body deformed under the action of various forces; any point on earth is affected by the gravitation of the sun and the moon besides the gravity and the rotational centrifugal force of the earth. Solid earth deforms periodically under the action of tidal force, and the tidal effects on the readings of HLS are non-ignorable, especially in the alignment of particle accelerator. Therefore, temperature compensation and pre-processing to the raw data is fatal with using software Tsoft. After finishing the harmonic analysis to the data with using Eterna, local tide model is calculated. In other words, the tidal effects on HLS readings are obtained. Finally, the local ground deformations are got by deleting the tidal effects.4. About20meters HLS testing platform have been built in Hefei light source. This platform is mainly used for verifying the accuracy of HLS is enough to distinguish the earth tide signal and the HLS reading changes was mainly due to the earth tide.5. A set of HLS was installed in Jingxian seismicstation for studies on tidal correction of observations from HLS, and further validating its reliability.6. Studies on tidal correction of the data based on HLS used at CERN and Spring-8is completed for studying the tidal correction model more widely. Studies on accuracy theory and validation of HLS system used in particle accelerators were first introduced in this paper. Studying relative affecting factors mentioned above by using multidisciplinary knowledge and experimental verification, more reliable and scientific evaluation criterion of HLS measuring accuracy can be provided for relative alignment work. The current research establishes a foundation for getting higher precision of measurement data for HLS used in new generation particle accelerator have been built and will be built in the future.
引文
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