我国制造业技术效率的测度分析
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摘要
制造业是国民经济的物质基础和工业化的主体产业部门,是一个国家经济竞争力和综合国力的体现。
中国是近年来世界制造业发展最快的国家。我国制造业增加值已经从1992年占全球的2.9%上升到2007年的14%,在全球制造业排行榜上与日本并列第二,仅次于美国的20%。但长期以来,我国制造业的发展以高投入、高消耗、低质量、低产出为特征,与发达国家相比,仍有不少的差距。2008年的金融危机对宏观经济的影响已从虚拟经济转移到了实体经济,靠劳动力优势的“中国制造”受到了极大影响。这种情况下,如何提高我国制造业的技术效率,实现低消耗、低投入、高质量、高效益的集约型增长,成为目前我国制造业面临的最迫切的问题。
本文首先介绍了研究中国制造业技术效率的必要性,并回顾了国内外关于制造业技术效率的研究文献。
接着,分析了制造业的定义和内涵、中国制造业的现状,以及技术效率的相关概念和理论,并分析总结了影响中国制造业技术效率的因素。
最后,分别基于随机前沿分析模型和数据包络分析模型对我国1999-2007年间制造业的技术效率进行了实证对比分析,并根据实证分析的结果提出提高我国制造业技术效率的政策建议。
Manufacturing industry is the material basis of the national economy and the main industrial sector of the industrialization is the reflection of a country's economic competitiveness and overall national strength.
China is the world's fastest growing countries concerning manufacturing industry in recent years. China’s manufacturing value added has grown from 2.9% in 1992 up to 2007’s 14% accounted for the world, ranked second with Japan only to the United States 20%. For a long time, China’s manufacturing industry was growing with high input, high consumption, low-quality, low-output characteristics. Compared with developed countries, there are still many gaps.
The impact of the financial crisis in 2008 has transferred from the virtual economy to the real economy,“Made in China”which are relying on the labor advantage is greatly affected. Under this circumstance, how to improve the technical efficiency of China’s manufacturing industry to achieve low consumption, low input, high-quality, high efficiency of the intensive growth, become the most pressing problems facing China’s manufacturing industry present.
This paper first describes the necessity of the study of technical efficiency of Chinese manufacturing industry, and recalled the domestic and abroad research literature on the manufacturing, and technical efficiency. Then, This paper analyzes the definition and connotation of the manufacturing, the present status of China’s manufacturing industry, the relevant concepts and theories about technical efficiency, as well as the factors which influence the technical efficiency of China's manufacturing.
Finally, based on stochastic frontier analysis model and data envelopment analysis model, this paper give the empirical analysis and comparative analysis of the technical efficiency of China’s manufacturing industry in 1999-2007 years, and puts forward policy recommendations to improve the technical efficiency of China’s manufacturing industry according to results of empirical analysis.
中国是近年来世界制造业发展最快的国家。我国制造业增加值已经从1992年占全球的2.9%上升到2007年的14%,在全球制造业排行榜上与日本并列第二,仅次于美国的20%。但长期以来,我国制造业的发展以高投入、高消耗、低质量、低产出为特征,与发达国家相比,仍有不少的差距。2008年的金融危机对宏观经济的影响已从虚拟经济转移到了实体经济,靠劳动力优势的“中国制造”受到了极大影响。这种情况下,如何提高我国制造业的技术效率,实现低消耗、低投入、高质量、高效益的集约型增长,成为目前我国制造业面临的最迫切的问题。
本文首先介绍了研究中国制造业技术效率的必要性,并回顾了国内外关于制造业技术效率的研究文献。
接着,分析了制造业的定义和内涵、中国制造业的现状,以及技术效率的相关概念和理论,并分析总结了影响中国制造业技术效率的因素。
最后,分别基于随机前沿分析模型和数据包络分析模型对我国1999-2007年间制造业的技术效率进行了实证对比分析,并根据实证分析的结果提出提高我国制造业技术效率的政策建议。
Manufacturing industry is the material basis of the national economy and the main industrial sector of the industrialization is the reflection of a country's economic competitiveness and overall national strength.
China is the world's fastest growing countries concerning manufacturing industry in recent years. China’s manufacturing value added has grown from 2.9% in 1992 up to 2007’s 14% accounted for the world, ranked second with Japan only to the United States 20%. For a long time, China’s manufacturing industry was growing with high input, high consumption, low-quality, low-output characteristics. Compared with developed countries, there are still many gaps.
The impact of the financial crisis in 2008 has transferred from the virtual economy to the real economy,“Made in China”which are relying on the labor advantage is greatly affected. Under this circumstance, how to improve the technical efficiency of China’s manufacturing industry to achieve low consumption, low input, high-quality, high efficiency of the intensive growth, become the most pressing problems facing China’s manufacturing industry present.
This paper first describes the necessity of the study of technical efficiency of Chinese manufacturing industry, and recalled the domestic and abroad research literature on the manufacturing, and technical efficiency. Then, This paper analyzes the definition and connotation of the manufacturing, the present status of China’s manufacturing industry, the relevant concepts and theories about technical efficiency, as well as the factors which influence the technical efficiency of China's manufacturing.
Finally, based on stochastic frontier analysis model and data envelopment analysis model, this paper give the empirical analysis and comparative analysis of the technical efficiency of China’s manufacturing industry in 1999-2007 years, and puts forward policy recommendations to improve the technical efficiency of China’s manufacturing industry according to results of empirical analysis.
引文
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[21] Weining Mao,Won W. Koo ,Productivity growth, technological progress, and efficiency change in Chinse agriculture after rural economic reforms: a DEA approach[J].China Economic Review, 1997,8(2): 157-174.
[22] Murali Patibandla.Structure, organizational behavior, and technical efficiency: The case of an India industry [J].Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization.1998, (34):419-434.
[23] Arup Mitra. Agglomeration Economies as Manifested in Technical Efficiency at the Firm Level [J]. Journal of Urban Economics.1999,(45):490-500.
[24] Jenifer Piesse. A Stochastic Frontier Approach to Firm Level Efficiency, Technological Change, and Productivity during the Early Transition in Hungary[J]. Journal of Comparative Economics, 2000, (28):473–501.
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[26] Edmund Amann, Globalisation, industrial efficiency and technological sovereignty: Evidence from Brazil [J].The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance,2000,(42):875-888.
[27] Jinghai Zheng, Xiaoxuan Liu, Arne Bigsten. Efficiency, technical progress, and best practice in Chinese state enterprises (1980-1994) [J]. Journal of Comparative Economics , 2003 ,(31):134-152.
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