大跨公共建筑的性格表达研究
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摘要
大跨公共建筑体量庞大,造型突出,拥有着与其它建筑类型不同的性格特点,同时随着近年来建设数量的增多,在性格表达中暴露出一定的问题如性格表现手法的误用或滥用、建筑文化和技术内涵的缺失、忽视细部节点处理等。文章通过对大跨公共建筑性格发展历程与动因的分析,并通过对经典实例的解读及大量文献的整理,提出大尺度、整体感、标志性是大跨公共建筑主要的性格特征,也是大跨公共建筑的外部造型对内部空间结构和使用性质的自然流露。
本文以大跨公共建筑的典型性格特征作为研究线索,以大跨公共建筑性格表达设计主要制约因素的深入分析为基础,探讨如何处理好其内部空间和外部造型之间的关系。论文首先从历史的角度对大跨公共建筑性格的形成过程进行了梳理,通过比较分析的方法总结了各个时期影响大跨公共建筑性格发展的制动和促动因素,提出了大跨公共建筑的典型特征即大尺度、整体感和标志性,为后文设计方法的展开奠定了基础。其次,从宏观的角度,系统地分析了大跨公共建筑性格的整体表现手法,在内部空间体量的表征、建筑使用性质的表达、特定技术的展示三个核心方面构建了整体设计手法的研究框架并依次进行了系统的分析。提出了设计中应突出主体空间特征,体现空间组合模式,要注重建筑的场所地位及内涵表达,特定功能建筑性格的表现并结合特定的技术手法即大跨结构选型技术、大众传播技术和生态设计技术表现建筑的性格特征。最后,从微观的角度,阐释了大跨公共建筑性格的细部表现手法,主要从比例尺度的控制、色彩肌理的表达、构件特征的捕捉三个方面进行了探讨。从整体与细部设计的关系出发,提出了性格表达中应注重重点部位的处理、表皮色彩肌理的表现,并应注重表露建筑的典型特征,注重构件加工美的表露和建筑构造美的表达。
课题研究针对当前大跨公共建筑性格表达中出现的一些问题,并结合国内外已有的大量的建筑设计实例,总结其成功抑或是失败的经验,与理论有机结合,提出相应的设计策略与方法,以期更好地指导创作实践。
Large-span public buildings are gigantic volume, modeling outstanding and having different personality characteristics with other building types.At the same time,as increasing in the number of construction in recent years,some problems have been revealed in the character expression,such as the misuse and abuse of character technique of expression,the missing of building cultural and technological content and the ignorance of the detail node processing.By analyzing the personality development process and the motivation of the large-span public buildings,and through the interpretation of the classic examples and the collation of extensive literature,this article puts forward that the main character traits of large-span public buildings are large-scale,sense of whole and landmark.It is the nature expression of the external shape across the interior structure and use property of large-span public buildings.
The research clues of this article are the typical character traits of large-span public buildings and the basis is the in-depth analysis of the main constraints to the character expressional design of large-span public buildings.To explore the ways how to deal with the relationship between the internal space and the external shape. The paper starts from a historical point of the formation of the character of long-span public buildings. By using the comparing analysis method, the paper summarized the influence of internal and external cause about the development of the character of long-span public buildings in different periods. And it raised the typical characteristic of the long-span public buildings, that is large scale,associative perception and affinity, and laid foundation for the design method of the postamble. Secondly, from the macroscopic perspective, the paper analyzed the method of general performance of the character of long-span public buildings. Constructing the research framework of the overall design method from the characterization of the interior space, the expression of the usage nature of buildings, the the expression of special technique and then conducted a systematic analysis of those. We should highlight the main spatial characteristics, reflect the spatial combination mode in design l. And should pay attention to the status and connotatively expression of buildings, the character expression of special function with a particular technical approach, that is technology of structure selection, technology of mass communication, eco- technology. They together expressed the character trait of buildings. Finally, from the microcosmic of view, the paper explained the detail expression methods of the character of long-span public buildings. Mainly from three aspects that are controlling of the ratio scale, the expression of color and texture, seizing of the features of components. The paper raised that we should pay attention to the key parts of the treatments, the expression of the color and texture of epidermis, and also about the revealing the typical characteristics of the building, the revealing of the beauty of processing components and the expression of the beauty of construction from the relationship between the overall and detail.
The purpose of writing this thesis is to sum up the problems of the characteristic of long-span public buildings, and to combine the architectural design examples at home and abroad that also existed. The paper summed up the experiences of success or failure of those examples and combined with the thoeries, raised up the design strategies and methods and hoped that it can better guide the design practice.
本文以大跨公共建筑的典型性格特征作为研究线索,以大跨公共建筑性格表达设计主要制约因素的深入分析为基础,探讨如何处理好其内部空间和外部造型之间的关系。论文首先从历史的角度对大跨公共建筑性格的形成过程进行了梳理,通过比较分析的方法总结了各个时期影响大跨公共建筑性格发展的制动和促动因素,提出了大跨公共建筑的典型特征即大尺度、整体感和标志性,为后文设计方法的展开奠定了基础。其次,从宏观的角度,系统地分析了大跨公共建筑性格的整体表现手法,在内部空间体量的表征、建筑使用性质的表达、特定技术的展示三个核心方面构建了整体设计手法的研究框架并依次进行了系统的分析。提出了设计中应突出主体空间特征,体现空间组合模式,要注重建筑的场所地位及内涵表达,特定功能建筑性格的表现并结合特定的技术手法即大跨结构选型技术、大众传播技术和生态设计技术表现建筑的性格特征。最后,从微观的角度,阐释了大跨公共建筑性格的细部表现手法,主要从比例尺度的控制、色彩肌理的表达、构件特征的捕捉三个方面进行了探讨。从整体与细部设计的关系出发,提出了性格表达中应注重重点部位的处理、表皮色彩肌理的表现,并应注重表露建筑的典型特征,注重构件加工美的表露和建筑构造美的表达。
课题研究针对当前大跨公共建筑性格表达中出现的一些问题,并结合国内外已有的大量的建筑设计实例,总结其成功抑或是失败的经验,与理论有机结合,提出相应的设计策略与方法,以期更好地指导创作实践。
Large-span public buildings are gigantic volume, modeling outstanding and having different personality characteristics with other building types.At the same time,as increasing in the number of construction in recent years,some problems have been revealed in the character expression,such as the misuse and abuse of character technique of expression,the missing of building cultural and technological content and the ignorance of the detail node processing.By analyzing the personality development process and the motivation of the large-span public buildings,and through the interpretation of the classic examples and the collation of extensive literature,this article puts forward that the main character traits of large-span public buildings are large-scale,sense of whole and landmark.It is the nature expression of the external shape across the interior structure and use property of large-span public buildings.
The research clues of this article are the typical character traits of large-span public buildings and the basis is the in-depth analysis of the main constraints to the character expressional design of large-span public buildings.To explore the ways how to deal with the relationship between the internal space and the external shape. The paper starts from a historical point of the formation of the character of long-span public buildings. By using the comparing analysis method, the paper summarized the influence of internal and external cause about the development of the character of long-span public buildings in different periods. And it raised the typical characteristic of the long-span public buildings, that is large scale,associative perception and affinity, and laid foundation for the design method of the postamble. Secondly, from the macroscopic perspective, the paper analyzed the method of general performance of the character of long-span public buildings. Constructing the research framework of the overall design method from the characterization of the interior space, the expression of the usage nature of buildings, the the expression of special technique and then conducted a systematic analysis of those. We should highlight the main spatial characteristics, reflect the spatial combination mode in design l. And should pay attention to the status and connotatively expression of buildings, the character expression of special function with a particular technical approach, that is technology of structure selection, technology of mass communication, eco- technology. They together expressed the character trait of buildings. Finally, from the microcosmic of view, the paper explained the detail expression methods of the character of long-span public buildings. Mainly from three aspects that are controlling of the ratio scale, the expression of color and texture, seizing of the features of components. The paper raised that we should pay attention to the key parts of the treatments, the expression of the color and texture of epidermis, and also about the revealing the typical characteristics of the building, the revealing of the beauty of processing components and the expression of the beauty of construction from the relationship between the overall and detail.
The purpose of writing this thesis is to sum up the problems of the characteristic of long-span public buildings, and to combine the architectural design examples at home and abroad that also existed. The paper summed up the experiences of success or failure of those examples and combined with the thoeries, raised up the design strategies and methods and hoped that it can better guide the design practice.
引文
1徐洪涛.大跨度建筑结构表现的建构研究.同济大学,2008.08
2赵鹏飞、徐飞鹏、郭宪龙.浅论建筑的性格.青岛建筑工程学院学报,2004.01
3李玲玲.大空间公共建筑发展研究.哈尔滨工业大学博士学位论文,2006:19、24、30、25
4梅晓冰、肖辉.技术与艺术并重的大空间公共建筑.低温建筑技术,2008.02
5罗鹏、梅季魁.奥运场馆形象创作研究.哈尔滨工业大学学报,2003.11
6李晋、刘德明.大空间建筑的形式创作规律初探.华中建筑,2000.04
7梅季魁、刘德明、姚亚雄.大跨建筑结构构思与结构选型.中国建筑工业出版社,2002.12:141、145、25
8周登高.现代体育建筑造型设计的创作思路.重庆建筑大学学报,2007.05
9彭一刚.建筑空间组合论(第二版).中国建筑工业出版社,1998.10:36、270、211、63、66
10周大明.内涵·个性·形式——体育建筑形象塑造谈.建筑学报2001.06
11殷一和译.勒·柯布西耶——《走向新建筑》纲要
12钱锋.体育建筑的“本”与“魂”——上海卢湾体育馆设计思考.时代建筑,1997.04
13刘德明、梅季魁、孙清军.拥抱阳光——梦幻乐园空间环境与节能设计.建筑学报,1999.09
14梅季魁;姚亚雄;梅晓冰.奥运建筑与结构.建筑学报,2003.02
15罗鹏、陆诗亮、梅季魁.复合型体育馆设计实践探索——广东惠州体育馆设计.新建筑,2003.02
16罗鹏.大空间公共建筑发展研究.哈尔滨工业大学博士学位论文,2006:165、
17王冰冰、孙颖.体育建筑形象个性创作与环境.建筑知识,2005.05
18陆诗亮.体育场馆建筑创作与建筑技术.哈尔滨工业大学博士学位论文,2006:153、
19蒋妙飞.新型的大众传播——北京五棵松文化体育中心设计理念.时代建筑,2003.02
20徐洪涛.大跨度建筑结构表现的建构研究.同济大学博士学位论文,2008:82、
21易涛.绿色体育建筑若干问题探讨.北京工业大学硕士学位论文,2005:27、29
22陈镌、莫天伟.建筑细部设计.上海:同济大学出版社,2002:4
23白朝晖、王兵.体育场空间造型设计初探.建筑创作.2007. 05
24胡兴安.哈尔滨国际会展体育中心竞标实录.新建筑.2007. 03
25樊可.体育建筑创作中的结构形态分析.西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版).2007. 02
26李玲玲.体育馆自然采光方式比较与选择.低温建筑技术.2003. 05
27黄丽、赵冬梅.大空间体育建筑自然采光问题探析.北京建筑工程学院学报.2004. 06
28曾涛.体育建筑设计手册.中国建筑工业出版社.2001. 08
29建筑设计资料集编委会著.建筑设计资料集7(第二版).中国建筑工业出版社.2006. 03
30马国馨.体育建筑论稿——从亚运到奥运.天津大学出版社.2007. 01
31葛如亮.体育馆建筑论文集.1981
32 (日)斋藤公男著,季小莲、徐华译.空间结构的发展与展望--空间结构设计的过去现在未来.中国建筑工业出版社.2006. 01
33 (德)海诺·恩格尔(Heino Engel),林昌明、罗时玮译.结构体系和建筑造型(Structure Systems).天津大学出版社.2002. 09
34 (意)布鲁诺·赛维著.建筑空间论——如何品评建筑/国外建筑理论译丛(国外建筑理论译丛).中国建筑工业出版社.2006
35 (意)P·L·奈尔维著,黄运升译,周卜颐校.建筑的艺术与技术.中国建筑工业出版社.1987
36 (英) Peter Szalapaj著,吴晓、虞刚译.当代建筑与数字化设(Contemporary Architecture and the Digital Design Process).中国建筑工业出版社.2007. 01
37 (美)M﹒G﹒Coutie,G﹒Davies著.Tubular Structures V.Taylor & Francis出版1993.
38 (美)Michael Barnes,Michael Dickson,Edmund Happold著.Widespan Roof Structures.Thomas Telford出版.2000
39 (美) G﹒ S﹒ Ramaswamy , Mick Eekhout . Analysis, Design and Construction of Steel Space Frames.G﹒R﹒Suresh,Thomas Telford出版.2002
40 (澳大利亚)Rod Sheard.Sports architecture.Taylor & Francis出版.2001
41 Anja Llorella.Stadium Design.Daab出版.2006
42 (日)Dennis Sharp,Koji Kobayashi.Kisho Kurokawa:Oita Stadium,Oita,Japan.Edition Axel Menges出版.2002
43 Huang Rui, Rui Huang.Beijing 798:reflections on art, architecture and society in China.Timezone 8出版.2005
44 Marie Louise Holm . The Stockholm Globe, Luxury Sports Complex.OR.1999,(3):323
45“Sports facilities in cold and snow-covered area”. Nagano Winter Olympic Games Memorial International Seminar . UIA/JIA . Tokyo Nagano ,1998:102-108
46 The Olympic Games. University of New South Wales,1999
47 The Phaidon Atlas of Contemporary Worid Architecture III. Phaidon,2004
48 The Olympic Games. University of New South Wales,1999
2赵鹏飞、徐飞鹏、郭宪龙.浅论建筑的性格.青岛建筑工程学院学报,2004.01
3李玲玲.大空间公共建筑发展研究.哈尔滨工业大学博士学位论文,2006:19、24、30、25
4梅晓冰、肖辉.技术与艺术并重的大空间公共建筑.低温建筑技术,2008.02
5罗鹏、梅季魁.奥运场馆形象创作研究.哈尔滨工业大学学报,2003.11
6李晋、刘德明.大空间建筑的形式创作规律初探.华中建筑,2000.04
7梅季魁、刘德明、姚亚雄.大跨建筑结构构思与结构选型.中国建筑工业出版社,2002.12:141、145、25
8周登高.现代体育建筑造型设计的创作思路.重庆建筑大学学报,2007.05
9彭一刚.建筑空间组合论(第二版).中国建筑工业出版社,1998.10:36、270、211、63、66
10周大明.内涵·个性·形式——体育建筑形象塑造谈.建筑学报2001.06
11殷一和译.勒·柯布西耶——《走向新建筑》纲要
12钱锋.体育建筑的“本”与“魂”——上海卢湾体育馆设计思考.时代建筑,1997.04
13刘德明、梅季魁、孙清军.拥抱阳光——梦幻乐园空间环境与节能设计.建筑学报,1999.09
14梅季魁;姚亚雄;梅晓冰.奥运建筑与结构.建筑学报,2003.02
15罗鹏、陆诗亮、梅季魁.复合型体育馆设计实践探索——广东惠州体育馆设计.新建筑,2003.02
16罗鹏.大空间公共建筑发展研究.哈尔滨工业大学博士学位论文,2006:165、
17王冰冰、孙颖.体育建筑形象个性创作与环境.建筑知识,2005.05
18陆诗亮.体育场馆建筑创作与建筑技术.哈尔滨工业大学博士学位论文,2006:153、
19蒋妙飞.新型的大众传播——北京五棵松文化体育中心设计理念.时代建筑,2003.02
20徐洪涛.大跨度建筑结构表现的建构研究.同济大学博士学位论文,2008:82、
21易涛.绿色体育建筑若干问题探讨.北京工业大学硕士学位论文,2005:27、29
22陈镌、莫天伟.建筑细部设计.上海:同济大学出版社,2002:4
23白朝晖、王兵.体育场空间造型设计初探.建筑创作.2007. 05
24胡兴安.哈尔滨国际会展体育中心竞标实录.新建筑.2007. 03
25樊可.体育建筑创作中的结构形态分析.西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版).2007. 02
26李玲玲.体育馆自然采光方式比较与选择.低温建筑技术.2003. 05
27黄丽、赵冬梅.大空间体育建筑自然采光问题探析.北京建筑工程学院学报.2004. 06
28曾涛.体育建筑设计手册.中国建筑工业出版社.2001. 08
29建筑设计资料集编委会著.建筑设计资料集7(第二版).中国建筑工业出版社.2006. 03
30马国馨.体育建筑论稿——从亚运到奥运.天津大学出版社.2007. 01
31葛如亮.体育馆建筑论文集.1981
32 (日)斋藤公男著,季小莲、徐华译.空间结构的发展与展望--空间结构设计的过去现在未来.中国建筑工业出版社.2006. 01
33 (德)海诺·恩格尔(Heino Engel),林昌明、罗时玮译.结构体系和建筑造型(Structure Systems).天津大学出版社.2002. 09
34 (意)布鲁诺·赛维著.建筑空间论——如何品评建筑/国外建筑理论译丛(国外建筑理论译丛).中国建筑工业出版社.2006
35 (意)P·L·奈尔维著,黄运升译,周卜颐校.建筑的艺术与技术.中国建筑工业出版社.1987
36 (英) Peter Szalapaj著,吴晓、虞刚译.当代建筑与数字化设(Contemporary Architecture and the Digital Design Process).中国建筑工业出版社.2007. 01
37 (美)M﹒G﹒Coutie,G﹒Davies著.Tubular Structures V.Taylor & Francis出版1993.
38 (美)Michael Barnes,Michael Dickson,Edmund Happold著.Widespan Roof Structures.Thomas Telford出版.2000
39 (美) G﹒ S﹒ Ramaswamy , Mick Eekhout . Analysis, Design and Construction of Steel Space Frames.G﹒R﹒Suresh,Thomas Telford出版.2002
40 (澳大利亚)Rod Sheard.Sports architecture.Taylor & Francis出版.2001
41 Anja Llorella.Stadium Design.Daab出版.2006
42 (日)Dennis Sharp,Koji Kobayashi.Kisho Kurokawa:Oita Stadium,Oita,Japan.Edition Axel Menges出版.2002
43 Huang Rui, Rui Huang.Beijing 798:reflections on art, architecture and society in China.Timezone 8出版.2005
44 Marie Louise Holm . The Stockholm Globe, Luxury Sports Complex.OR.1999,(3):323
45“Sports facilities in cold and snow-covered area”. Nagano Winter Olympic Games Memorial International Seminar . UIA/JIA . Tokyo Nagano ,1998:102-108
46 The Olympic Games. University of New South Wales,1999
47 The Phaidon Atlas of Contemporary Worid Architecture III. Phaidon,2004
48 The Olympic Games. University of New South Wales,1999