天山公路地质灾害危险性评价与决策支持系统设计与实现
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摘要
天山公路独(独山子)库(库车)段是国道217线的重要组成部分,全长532km,1983年9月建成通车。几十年来由于受其特殊的地理与气候条件影响,积雪、雪崩、水毁、崩塌、泥石流、冻土等公路地质病害时有发生,对天山公路的交通构成了严重的威胁。
本研究在详细分析天山公路地质病害原理的基础上,收集独库公路沿线已有的基础地理、地学等资料,对照实地工作和遥感成果,结合GIS、空间数据库及遥感图象处理,按数据库规则进行相应的综合、整理、筛选、归纳及转换,建立完善了以ArcGIS为数据平台的基础地理数据库和地质灾害数据库,并基于ArcEngine平台,开发一套集基础数据的采集、存储、管理、检索、图形编辑、空间模型分析、灾害危险度评价及防治决策支持为一体“天山公路地质灾害危险性评价与决策GIS系统”,实现对空间数据库的管理、查询、分析等功能,同时集成地质灾害预测及防治专家数据库,为天山公路地质灾害预测及防治提供了操作分析平台。论文特色主要体现在以下几个方面:
(1)系统采用无缝开发方式,将ArcGIS功能通过二次开发组件ArcEngine进行重组与整合,使之成为一个面向应用、操作灵活的公路灾害危险性评价与决策专业软件系统。ArcEngine脱胎于ArcObjects,但具有更强大的开发功能和独立性,完全脱离了ArcGIS软件环境。
(2)多源空间数据的集成。系统从格式转换、坐标系转化和投影转换角度实现多源空间数据的集成,并利用ArcSDE空间数据引擎将各类数据存储在SQLServer 2000数据库中,实现版本控制和长事务管理。
(3)将GIS强大的空间分析功能与数学评价模型相结合。GIS技术贯穿于地质灾害危险性评价数据的获取、计算、结果表达等各个环节,为利用多种数学方法进行地质灾害危险性评价与决策分析提供了一种科学的解决途径。
(4)从宏观和微观角度对地质灾害危险性进行评价,做到两者的有机结合;同时,通过四库一体的设计,从模型、方法、知识、数据角度出发,为天山公路地质病害的进一步研究提供决策依据。
Tianshan highway is an important constituents of the national highway 217, spanning 532km, and open to traffic in September, 1983. For several dozens of years, as a result of the special geography and the climatic conditions influence, the snow, the flood damage, the avalanche, the Debris flow, the frozen earth and so on are all here and form serious threat to the traffic of Tianshan highway.
After analyzing the theory of geological hazard about Tianshan highway in detail, this system collected the datum of basic geography and geology along the highway in the past, and also contrasted the locale results and images, integrated GIS, spatial database and the process of remote sensing images, built and consummated both the Geography database and the geological hazard database basing on the platform of ArcGIS after according synthesizing, coordinating, choosing, concluding and changing by the rules of database, and basing on the ArcEngine platform, developed a set of foundations of data gathering, storage, management, retrieval, graphic editor, space model analysis, the region fatalness evaluation as well as the decision support, which is named "the Tianshan highway geo-hazard fatalness evaluation and decision support system" and realized the functions of management、querying、analyzing about spatial database, meanwhile, provided a operation platform for the Tianshan highway geo-hazard fatalness evaluation and decision support by integrating the geological hazard forecast and prevention professor database. The following are the features of this paper:
(1) This system adopts seamless developing style, reforms and integrates the functions of ArcGIS through quadratic developing components of ArcEngine, making it as a geo-hazard evaluation and decision support system which faces application and operates flexibly. ArcEngine is born of ArcObjects, but has stronger and absoluter developing ability, so able to break away form the software environment of ArcGIS.
(2) The integration of Multi-source spatial data. This system realizes the multi-source data integration from the data format conversion, coordinate system and projection conversion, and transforms each kind data to SQL Server database utilizing the spatial data engine of ArcSDE, actualizing version control and long transaction management.
(3) Combination the powerful spatial analysis of GIS and mathematical models. GIS technology runs through the every tache of the acquirement of evaluation data, calculation and expression of the results, which provide scientific mathematical methods for geo-hazard evaluation and decision.
(4) This research carries out the geological disaster hazard evaluation and gets the hazard level of the whole region and single point, which makes the two sides combined organically. Meanwhile, through the database design of models, methods, knowledge and data, supplying decision basis for the further research of geological disease of Tianshan highway.
本研究在详细分析天山公路地质病害原理的基础上,收集独库公路沿线已有的基础地理、地学等资料,对照实地工作和遥感成果,结合GIS、空间数据库及遥感图象处理,按数据库规则进行相应的综合、整理、筛选、归纳及转换,建立完善了以ArcGIS为数据平台的基础地理数据库和地质灾害数据库,并基于ArcEngine平台,开发一套集基础数据的采集、存储、管理、检索、图形编辑、空间模型分析、灾害危险度评价及防治决策支持为一体“天山公路地质灾害危险性评价与决策GIS系统”,实现对空间数据库的管理、查询、分析等功能,同时集成地质灾害预测及防治专家数据库,为天山公路地质灾害预测及防治提供了操作分析平台。论文特色主要体现在以下几个方面:
(1)系统采用无缝开发方式,将ArcGIS功能通过二次开发组件ArcEngine进行重组与整合,使之成为一个面向应用、操作灵活的公路灾害危险性评价与决策专业软件系统。ArcEngine脱胎于ArcObjects,但具有更强大的开发功能和独立性,完全脱离了ArcGIS软件环境。
(2)多源空间数据的集成。系统从格式转换、坐标系转化和投影转换角度实现多源空间数据的集成,并利用ArcSDE空间数据引擎将各类数据存储在SQLServer 2000数据库中,实现版本控制和长事务管理。
(3)将GIS强大的空间分析功能与数学评价模型相结合。GIS技术贯穿于地质灾害危险性评价数据的获取、计算、结果表达等各个环节,为利用多种数学方法进行地质灾害危险性评价与决策分析提供了一种科学的解决途径。
(4)从宏观和微观角度对地质灾害危险性进行评价,做到两者的有机结合;同时,通过四库一体的设计,从模型、方法、知识、数据角度出发,为天山公路地质病害的进一步研究提供决策依据。
Tianshan highway is an important constituents of the national highway 217, spanning 532km, and open to traffic in September, 1983. For several dozens of years, as a result of the special geography and the climatic conditions influence, the snow, the flood damage, the avalanche, the Debris flow, the frozen earth and so on are all here and form serious threat to the traffic of Tianshan highway.
After analyzing the theory of geological hazard about Tianshan highway in detail, this system collected the datum of basic geography and geology along the highway in the past, and also contrasted the locale results and images, integrated GIS, spatial database and the process of remote sensing images, built and consummated both the Geography database and the geological hazard database basing on the platform of ArcGIS after according synthesizing, coordinating, choosing, concluding and changing by the rules of database, and basing on the ArcEngine platform, developed a set of foundations of data gathering, storage, management, retrieval, graphic editor, space model analysis, the region fatalness evaluation as well as the decision support, which is named "the Tianshan highway geo-hazard fatalness evaluation and decision support system" and realized the functions of management、querying、analyzing about spatial database, meanwhile, provided a operation platform for the Tianshan highway geo-hazard fatalness evaluation and decision support by integrating the geological hazard forecast and prevention professor database. The following are the features of this paper:
(1) This system adopts seamless developing style, reforms and integrates the functions of ArcGIS through quadratic developing components of ArcEngine, making it as a geo-hazard evaluation and decision support system which faces application and operates flexibly. ArcEngine is born of ArcObjects, but has stronger and absoluter developing ability, so able to break away form the software environment of ArcGIS.
(2) The integration of Multi-source spatial data. This system realizes the multi-source data integration from the data format conversion, coordinate system and projection conversion, and transforms each kind data to SQL Server database utilizing the spatial data engine of ArcSDE, actualizing version control and long transaction management.
(3) Combination the powerful spatial analysis of GIS and mathematical models. GIS technology runs through the every tache of the acquirement of evaluation data, calculation and expression of the results, which provide scientific mathematical methods for geo-hazard evaluation and decision.
(4) This research carries out the geological disaster hazard evaluation and gets the hazard level of the whole region and single point, which makes the two sides combined organically. Meanwhile, through the database design of models, methods, knowledge and data, supplying decision basis for the further research of geological disease of Tianshan highway.
引文
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[18]胡新丽,唐辉明.2002.GIS支持的斜坡地质灾害空间预测系统框架设计.地质科技情报,2002,21(1):99-103.
[19]何钧,陈时军.1999.地震灾害风险评估初探.见:胡政,孙昭民主编,灾害风险评估与保险.北京:地震出版社,1999.
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[23]于强,李俊,宫慧.2007.滑坡区域危险性评价信息系统的设计.山西建筑,2007,(34):25-26
[24]任鲁川.1999b.自然灾害综合区划的基本类别及量化方法.自然灾害学报,1999,8(4):41-48
[25]阮沈勇,黄润秋.2001.基于GIS的信息量法模型在地质灾害危险性区划中的应用.成都理工学院学报,2001,28(1):89-92.
[26]李向全,胡瑞林,张莉.1999.地质灾害预测评价模型库系统设计原理.地质灾害与环境保护,1999,10(4):18-23.
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[29]李东生.滑坡综合预报专家系统开发及应刚研究[D],成都理工大学硕士论文2003,7.
[30]万国荣,石豫川,王哲等.SMR法在公路边坡稳定性分级中的应用[J].公路交通技术,2004,(4):7-10.
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[33]向喜琼.金沙江溪洛渡水电站近坝岸边坡地质灾害危险性评价与预测的GIS系统[D].成都理工大学硕士论文,2001.
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[2]沈芳.山区地质环境评价与地质灾害危险区划的GIS[D].成都理工学院博士论文,2002,7.
[3]黄润秋,向喜琼,巨能攀.2004.我国区域地质灾害危险性评价的现状及问题.地质通报,2004,23(11):1078-1082.
[4]黄润秋,许强,沈芳,向喜琼,阮沈勇,罗文强.2001a.基于GIS的地质灾害区域评价与危险性区划系统研究.台北:
[5]黄崇祸.1999a,自然灾害风险分析的基本原理.自然灾害学报,1999,7(2):21-30.
[6]黄润秋,向喜琼,巨能攀.2004.我国区域地质灾害危险性评价的现状及问题.地质通报,2004,23(11):1078-1082.
[7]宋关福,钟耳顺.组件式地理信息系统研究与开发[J].中国图象图形学报,1998,3(4)313-317.
[8]曹瑜,胡光道.地理信息系统在国内外应用现状[J].计算机与现代化,1999,Vol.61 No.2.
[9]沈芳,黄润秋,苗放,许强.2000a.地理信息系统与地质环境评价.地质灾害与环境保护,2000,11(1):6-10.
[10]刘仁义、刘南ArcGIS开发宝典[M].科学出版社,2002,1.
[11]吴信才.地理信息系统的设计与实现[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2002.
[12]李向全,胡瑞林,张莉.1999.地质灾害预测评价模型库系统设计原理.地质灾害与环境保护,1999,10(4):18-23.
[13]Danijel Rebolj a,Peter J.Storm.A GIS based component-oriented integrated system for estimation,visualization and analysis of road traffic air pollution.Environmental Modelling & Software 14(1999)531-539.
[14]D.Xue,H.Yang.A concurrent engineering-oriented design database representation model.Computer-Aided Design 36(2004):947-964.
[15]Michal R.Thomas.A gis-based decision support system for brownfield redevelopment landscape and urban planning,58(2002):7-22.
[16]李东山.2003.滑坡综合预报专家系统的开发及应用研究:[学位论文].成都:成都理工大学,2003.
[17]郭跃,林孝松.2001.地质灾害系统的复杂性分析.重庆师范学院学报(自然科学版),2001,18(4):1-7.
[18]胡新丽,唐辉明.2002.GIS支持的斜坡地质灾害空间预测系统框架设计.地质科技情报,2002,21(1):99-103.
[19]何钧,陈时军.1999.地震灾害风险评估初探.见:胡政,孙昭民主编,灾害风险评估与保险.北京:地震出版社,1999.
[20]刘国昌.1993.区域稳定工程地质.长春:吉林大学出版社,1993.
[21]罗元华,张梁,张业成.1998.地质灾害风险评估方法.北京:地质出版社,1998.
[22]彭满华,张海顺,唐祥达.2001.滑坡地质灾害风险分析方法.岩土工程技术,2001,(4):235-240.
[23]于强,李俊,宫慧.2007.滑坡区域危险性评价信息系统的设计.山西建筑,2007,(34):25-26
[24]任鲁川.1999b.自然灾害综合区划的基本类别及量化方法.自然灾害学报,1999,8(4):41-48
[25]阮沈勇,黄润秋.2001.基于GIS的信息量法模型在地质灾害危险性区划中的应用.成都理工学院学报,2001,28(1):89-92.
[26]李向全,胡瑞林,张莉.1999.地质灾害预测评价模型库系统设计原理.地质灾害与环境保护,1999,10(4):18-23.
[27]冯利华,吴樟荣.2005.区域易损性的模糊综合评判.地理学与国土研究,2005,17(2):63-66.
[28]阮沈勇,黄润秋.2001.基于GIS的信息量法模型在地质灾害危险性区划中的应用.成都理工学院学报,2001,28(1):89-92.
[29]李东生.滑坡综合预报专家系统开发及应刚研究[D],成都理工大学硕士论文2003,7.
[30]万国荣,石豫川,王哲等.SMR法在公路边坡稳定性分级中的应用[J].公路交通技术,2004,(4):7-10.
[31]黄润秋,李曰国.1992.三峡工程水库岸坡稳定性预测的逻辑信息模型.水文地质工程地质,1992,19(1):15-20.
[32]刘汉超,石豫川.锦屏二级水电站边坡稳定性初步分级及效果评价[R],成都理工大学研究报告.
[33]向喜琼.金沙江溪洛渡水电站近坝岸边坡地质灾害危险性评价与预测的GIS系统[D].成都理工大学硕士论文,2001.
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