基于IPv6组播的高清视频应用研究
摘要
随着Internet的迅猛发展,上网人数正以几何级数快速增长。Internet网络传输和处理能力的大幅提高,使得网上应用业务越来越多,特别是视音频压缩技术的发展和成熟,使得网上视音频业务成为Internet网上最重要的业务之一。在Internet上实现的电视直播、视频会议等视音频业务和一般业务相比,有着数据量大、时延敏感性强、持续时间长等特点。因此采用最少时间、最小空间来传输和解决视音频业务所要求的网络利用率高、传输速度快、实时性强的问题,就要采用不同于传统单播、广播技术及QoS服务保证机制来实现,而IP组播技术是解决这些问题的关键技术。所以说多媒体相关服务需求的日益增长刺激了IP组播技术的普及和发展。
组播作为一种允许一个或多个发送者发送同一数据包到多个接收者的网络技术,无论有多少个报文接收者,网络中任何一条链路只传送单一的报文。因此在有多个接收者的应用中,组播技术提高了数据传送效率,有效地利用了带宽,降低了主干网络出现拥塞的可能性。
基于IPv6的组播技术是IPv6的一个重要组成部分,IPv6的标准要求所有的设备都必须支持组播。随着我国下一代互联网示范工程核心网CNGI CERNET2的建成、网络技术的发展和新协议的出现和完善,使得在IPv6的平台上运行HDTV(1080i)级别的视频成为可能。本文重点研究利用IPv6组播技术、流媒体技术和卫星接收技术构建支持高清视频的直播系统。
本文首先分析了IPv6组播技术产生的背景、优势以及国内外组播技术的现状,从而指出研究IPv6组播技术的重要意义。随后,简要介绍高清视频的标准、流媒体播放平台、IPv6组播技术的相关知识,包括IPv6报文格式、组播地址、组播树和组播协议等。然后结合河南工程学院校园网IPv6建设现状,设计出了一个基于IPv6组播的高清视频直播系统,进而进行了实际的部署并对系统中各组成部分进行深入分析和研究。最后通过实验验证了IPv6组播环境下高清视频播放的可行性,为后续大规模部署工作提供了基础。
With the rapid development of Internet, Internet population is growing geometrically. Internet network transmission and processing capabilities increase substantially, so the business of web-based applications get more and more. Particularly video and audio compression technology develops and matures, which makes online video and audio business become one of the most important business of the internet. Video conferences , live television and other video or audio business implemented through the Internet, compared with general business, has the characteristics of large volumes of data, delay-sensitive strong, long-lasting and so on. Therefore, the minimum time and minimum space to transmit video and audio business and address the requirements of high network utilization, transmission speed, strong real-time problems, we should use broadcast technology different from the traditional unicast, broadcast and QoS forwarding mechanisms for service assurance mechanisms to achieve .The IP multicast technology is the key technology to solve these problems. So, the growing demand for multimedia-related services has stimulated the popularity of IP Multicast technology and development.
As the multicast allows one or more senders to send the same packet to multiple recipients of the network technology, regardless of the number of the receivers, any one link of the network only sends a single packet. Therefore, in the applications of multiple recipients, multicast technology increases data transmission efficiency, uses bandwidth efficiently, reduces the possibility of backbone network congestion.
IPv6-based Multicast technology is an integral part of IPv6 , which requires that all devices must support multicast. With the CNGI CERNET2 being structured, network technologies sustainably develop and new protocols being designed, HDTV(1080i) approaching to video multicast based on IPv6 becomes possible. This paper mainly researches how to build high-definition video broadcast systems,that is made of IPv6 multicast technology ,multi-media technology and satellite technology.
This paper firstly analyzes the background and advantages of the IPv6 multicast technology, the status of multicast technology at home and abroad, and then points out the importance of researching IPv6 multicast technology. Secondly, briefly introduces high-definition video standard, IPv6 multicast technology-related knowledge, including IPv6 packet format, multicast address, multicast tree and multicast protocols. Further in light of Henan Institute of Engineering IPv6 status of the campus network construction, designs a multicast IPv6-based high-definition video broadcast system, and then the actual deployment of the various components and systems to conduct in-depth research and analysis. At last through experiments verifies in the IPv6 multicast environment, the feasibility of high-definition video playback, provides the basis for the follow-up large-scale deployment.
组播作为一种允许一个或多个发送者发送同一数据包到多个接收者的网络技术,无论有多少个报文接收者,网络中任何一条链路只传送单一的报文。因此在有多个接收者的应用中,组播技术提高了数据传送效率,有效地利用了带宽,降低了主干网络出现拥塞的可能性。
基于IPv6的组播技术是IPv6的一个重要组成部分,IPv6的标准要求所有的设备都必须支持组播。随着我国下一代互联网示范工程核心网CNGI CERNET2的建成、网络技术的发展和新协议的出现和完善,使得在IPv6的平台上运行HDTV(1080i)级别的视频成为可能。本文重点研究利用IPv6组播技术、流媒体技术和卫星接收技术构建支持高清视频的直播系统。
本文首先分析了IPv6组播技术产生的背景、优势以及国内外组播技术的现状,从而指出研究IPv6组播技术的重要意义。随后,简要介绍高清视频的标准、流媒体播放平台、IPv6组播技术的相关知识,包括IPv6报文格式、组播地址、组播树和组播协议等。然后结合河南工程学院校园网IPv6建设现状,设计出了一个基于IPv6组播的高清视频直播系统,进而进行了实际的部署并对系统中各组成部分进行深入分析和研究。最后通过实验验证了IPv6组播环境下高清视频播放的可行性,为后续大规模部署工作提供了基础。
With the rapid development of Internet, Internet population is growing geometrically. Internet network transmission and processing capabilities increase substantially, so the business of web-based applications get more and more. Particularly video and audio compression technology develops and matures, which makes online video and audio business become one of the most important business of the internet. Video conferences , live television and other video or audio business implemented through the Internet, compared with general business, has the characteristics of large volumes of data, delay-sensitive strong, long-lasting and so on. Therefore, the minimum time and minimum space to transmit video and audio business and address the requirements of high network utilization, transmission speed, strong real-time problems, we should use broadcast technology different from the traditional unicast, broadcast and QoS forwarding mechanisms for service assurance mechanisms to achieve .The IP multicast technology is the key technology to solve these problems. So, the growing demand for multimedia-related services has stimulated the popularity of IP Multicast technology and development.
As the multicast allows one or more senders to send the same packet to multiple recipients of the network technology, regardless of the number of the receivers, any one link of the network only sends a single packet. Therefore, in the applications of multiple recipients, multicast technology increases data transmission efficiency, uses bandwidth efficiently, reduces the possibility of backbone network congestion.
IPv6-based Multicast technology is an integral part of IPv6 , which requires that all devices must support multicast. With the CNGI CERNET2 being structured, network technologies sustainably develop and new protocols being designed, HDTV(1080i) approaching to video multicast based on IPv6 becomes possible. This paper mainly researches how to build high-definition video broadcast systems,that is made of IPv6 multicast technology ,multi-media technology and satellite technology.
This paper firstly analyzes the background and advantages of the IPv6 multicast technology, the status of multicast technology at home and abroad, and then points out the importance of researching IPv6 multicast technology. Secondly, briefly introduces high-definition video standard, IPv6 multicast technology-related knowledge, including IPv6 packet format, multicast address, multicast tree and multicast protocols. Further in light of Henan Institute of Engineering IPv6 status of the campus network construction, designs a multicast IPv6-based high-definition video broadcast system, and then the actual deployment of the various components and systems to conduct in-depth research and analysis. At last through experiments verifies in the IPv6 multicast environment, the feasibility of high-definition video playback, provides the basis for the follow-up large-scale deployment.
引文
[1]Postel J.Internet protoco 1.RFC0791,September 1981.
[2]S.Deering,R.Hinden.Intemet protocol,version6(IPv6) specification[S].RFC1883,December 1995.
[3]S.Deering,R.Hinden.Intemet protocol,version6(IPv6)specification[S].RFC2460,December 1998.
[4]马戈芳,徐明伟.IPv6组播技术综述[J].电信技术,2003.7:27-30.
[5]张继伟.对数字高清电视系统关键技术的探索与实践(上)[J].广播与电视技术,2007,34(08):28-31.
[6]张继伟.对数字高清电视系统关键技术的探索与实践(下)[J].广播与电视技术,2007,34(09):51-56.
[7]夏超.H.264编码算法研究[D].西安:西北工业大学.2007.
[8]张亚娜.IPV6与流媒体传输在互联网的应用[J].世界广播电视,2005.
[9]张轩,赵庆国.基于IPv6的高清视频系统实现与性能分析[J].大连理工大学学报,2005,Vol.45,Suppl:209-213.
[10]庹波,李升萍.用Windows Media构建网络电台[J].中国科技信息,2005,02:37.
[11]姜开达;卓柳迎.利用VLC实现高标清电视转播[J].中国教育网络,2008年10月.
[12]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VLC_media_player,2009.5.
[13]http://www.mp4tech.net,2009.2.
[14]江岳.北大校园网实践与部署:两个原则搭建流媒体系统[J].中国教育网络,2008年12月.
[15]S.Bradner,A.Mankin.IP Next Generation White Paper Solicitation.[S].RFC1550,December 1993.
[16]S.Deering,R.Hinden.Applicability Statement for the Implementation of Classless Inter-Domain Routing[S].RFC 1517,September 1993.
[17]K.Egecvang,P.Francis.The IP Network Address Translator[S].RFC 1631,May 1994.
[18]S.Thomson,T.Narten.IPv6 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration[S].RFC2462,December 1998.
[19]赵勇.IPv6自动地址配置与邻居发现技术及实现.电子科技大学硕士学位论文[D].2005年5月.
[20]王玲芳;张宇;李颖华;孙向辉译.Cisco IPv6网络实现技术,人民邮电出版社.
[21]R.Hinden,S.Deering.IP Version 6 Address Architecture[S].RFC2373,July 1998.
[22]陈盈.IPv6组播技术分析与研究.西南交通大学硕士学位论文[D].2007年4月.
[23]薄卫丽.基于IPv6组播技术的视频会议模型研究与设计.长春理工大学硕士学位论文[D].2007年5月.
[24]庞艳芬.基于IPv6的组播体系的研究与实现.西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文[D].2005年5月.
[25]A.Ballardie.Core Based "Trees(CBT version 2) Multicast Routing[S].RFC2189,September 1997.
[26]肖旻杰.IPv6环境中组播技术的研究与应用.南昌大学硕士学位论文[D].2005年5月.
[27]T.Balardie,PFrancis,and J.Crowcroft Core based Tree(CBT):An architecture for Scalable inter-domain multicast routing[A].In Proc ACM SIGCOMM'93 Rev[C];Vol 23 no 4,
[28]D.Estrin,D.Farinacci,A.Helmy,D.Thaler,S.Deer,M.Handley,VJacobson,C.Liu,PSharma,I-Wei;Protocol Independen Multicast-Sparse Mode(PIM-SM)[S].RFC2363,1998.
[29]A.Ballardie.Core Based "Trees(CBT version 2) Multicast Routing[S].RFC2189,September 1997.
[30]张东方.基于MPLS的PIM-SM组播的研究与实现.吉林大学硕士学位论文[D].2006年5月.
[31]Deering S.Host Extensions for IP Multicasting[S].RFC 1112,August 1989.
[32]Fenner W.Internet group management protocol,version 2[S].RFC2236,November 1997.
[33]Cain B,Deering S,Kouvelas I,etal.Internet Group Management Protocol,Version 3[S].RFC 3376,October 2002.
[34]R Hinden,S.Deering.Internet Protocol Version 6(IPv6) Addressing Architecture [S].RFC3513,April 2003.
[35]Vida R Costa L,Ed.Multicast Listener DiscoveryVersion 2(MLDv2) for IPv6.IETF Internet Draft.draft-vida-mld-v2-08.txt.December 2003.
[36]http://www.cnsat.net,2009.5.
[37]http://www.tvcnc.com,2008.6.
[38]http://www.agr.cn.,2007.3.
[39]http://www.dream-multimedia-tv.de/index_eng.php,2009.8.
[40]VRP配置指南-IP组播(VRP5.50_01).
[2]S.Deering,R.Hinden.Intemet protocol,version6(IPv6) specification[S].RFC1883,December 1995.
[3]S.Deering,R.Hinden.Intemet protocol,version6(IPv6)specification[S].RFC2460,December 1998.
[4]马戈芳,徐明伟.IPv6组播技术综述[J].电信技术,2003.7:27-30.
[5]张继伟.对数字高清电视系统关键技术的探索与实践(上)[J].广播与电视技术,2007,34(08):28-31.
[6]张继伟.对数字高清电视系统关键技术的探索与实践(下)[J].广播与电视技术,2007,34(09):51-56.
[7]夏超.H.264编码算法研究[D].西安:西北工业大学.2007.
[8]张亚娜.IPV6与流媒体传输在互联网的应用[J].世界广播电视,2005.
[9]张轩,赵庆国.基于IPv6的高清视频系统实现与性能分析[J].大连理工大学学报,2005,Vol.45,Suppl:209-213.
[10]庹波,李升萍.用Windows Media构建网络电台[J].中国科技信息,2005,02:37.
[11]姜开达;卓柳迎.利用VLC实现高标清电视转播[J].中国教育网络,2008年10月.
[12]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VLC_media_player,2009.5.
[13]http://www.mp4tech.net,2009.2.
[14]江岳.北大校园网实践与部署:两个原则搭建流媒体系统[J].中国教育网络,2008年12月.
[15]S.Bradner,A.Mankin.IP Next Generation White Paper Solicitation.[S].RFC1550,December 1993.
[16]S.Deering,R.Hinden.Applicability Statement for the Implementation of Classless Inter-Domain Routing[S].RFC 1517,September 1993.
[17]K.Egecvang,P.Francis.The IP Network Address Translator[S].RFC 1631,May 1994.
[18]S.Thomson,T.Narten.IPv6 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration[S].RFC2462,December 1998.
[19]赵勇.IPv6自动地址配置与邻居发现技术及实现.电子科技大学硕士学位论文[D].2005年5月.
[20]王玲芳;张宇;李颖华;孙向辉译.Cisco IPv6网络实现技术,人民邮电出版社.
[21]R.Hinden,S.Deering.IP Version 6 Address Architecture[S].RFC2373,July 1998.
[22]陈盈.IPv6组播技术分析与研究.西南交通大学硕士学位论文[D].2007年4月.
[23]薄卫丽.基于IPv6组播技术的视频会议模型研究与设计.长春理工大学硕士学位论文[D].2007年5月.
[24]庞艳芬.基于IPv6的组播体系的研究与实现.西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文[D].2005年5月.
[25]A.Ballardie.Core Based "Trees(CBT version 2) Multicast Routing[S].RFC2189,September 1997.
[26]肖旻杰.IPv6环境中组播技术的研究与应用.南昌大学硕士学位论文[D].2005年5月.
[27]T.Balardie,PFrancis,and J.Crowcroft Core based Tree(CBT):An architecture for Scalable inter-domain multicast routing[A].In Proc ACM SIGCOMM'93 Rev[C];Vol 23 no 4,
[28]D.Estrin,D.Farinacci,A.Helmy,D.Thaler,S.Deer,M.Handley,VJacobson,C.Liu,PSharma,I-Wei;Protocol Independen Multicast-Sparse Mode(PIM-SM)[S].RFC2363,1998.
[29]A.Ballardie.Core Based "Trees(CBT version 2) Multicast Routing[S].RFC2189,September 1997.
[30]张东方.基于MPLS的PIM-SM组播的研究与实现.吉林大学硕士学位论文[D].2006年5月.
[31]Deering S.Host Extensions for IP Multicasting[S].RFC 1112,August 1989.
[32]Fenner W.Internet group management protocol,version 2[S].RFC2236,November 1997.
[33]Cain B,Deering S,Kouvelas I,etal.Internet Group Management Protocol,Version 3[S].RFC 3376,October 2002.
[34]R Hinden,S.Deering.Internet Protocol Version 6(IPv6) Addressing Architecture [S].RFC3513,April 2003.
[35]Vida R Costa L,Ed.Multicast Listener DiscoveryVersion 2(MLDv2) for IPv6.IETF Internet Draft.draft-vida-mld-v2-08.txt.December 2003.
[36]http://www.cnsat.net,2009.5.
[37]http://www.tvcnc.com,2008.6.
[38]http://www.agr.cn.,2007.3.
[39]http://www.dream-multimedia-tv.de/index_eng.php,2009.8.
[40]VRP配置指南-IP组播(VRP5.50_01).