含风力发电的配电网综合负荷建模
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摘要
电力系统仿真在电力系统的分析、规划、设计、运行等一系列过程中起着非常重要的作用,其准确程度关系到电力系统的安全稳定运行。由于电力系统负荷本身时变性、随机性、分布性、多样性及高度非线性等特点,使得负荷建模存在很大困难,负荷模型还不很成熟。
分布式电源以其投资省、发电方式灵活、与环境兼容等特点,给现代电力系统运行与控制带来了巨大的变化。它既可以满足电力系统和用户的特定要求,又可以提高传统电力系统的可靠性和经济性。做为分布式发电能源之一——风能的开发利用已得到世界各国的高度重视,随着我国风力发电装机容量的不断增加,风力发电的接入对电力系统负荷建模的影响成为研究的热点。
本文采用MATLAB仿真工具和总体测辨建模的方法,把风力发电机组接入配网侧进行电力系统暂态仿真来获取模型辨识所需的负荷特性数据样本。不考虑风力发电对负荷建模的影响,用传统的感应电动机并联恒阻抗的综合负荷模型进行了参数辨识和误差分析。结果表明,随着风力发电机容量的增大,传统的综合负荷模型不能很好的描述配电网的动态特性。
在对风力发电机组的原理进行分析的基础上,把风力发电机看作一个功率消耗为负的动态负荷,对风力发电机系统进行了单独的负荷模型参数辨识,指出风力发电机组可以用异步发电机来等效描述。在此基础上,本文提出含风力发电的配电网综合负荷可以用任意动态负荷比例的广义综合负荷模型来等效描述。本文针对三种不同的风力发电所占比例及负荷类型进行了系统仿真和参数辨识,结果证明,本文提出的广义综合负荷模型在描述含风力发电的配网侧负荷动态特性方面的有效性。
The power system simulation is very important in the analyzing,programming, designing and operating of power system. The accurate degree relate to the security and stability operating of power system. Because the power system load has the characteristics of randomicity, distributivity, multiformity, the load modeling is very difficult.
Distributed generation has brought tremendous changes to the modern power system operation and control on account of less investment, Flexible Generating method, Environmental compatibility and so on. It can meet the power system and the user's specific requirements, but also provides reliability and economy which the traditional power system is unmatched. As one of the Generating energy-the development and utilization of wind energy has attracted more and more attention in the world. As the increasing of wind power generation’s capacity in our country, the impact of wind power generation on load modeling of distribution network becomes to the hot spot.
This paper applies MATLAB simulation tool and theory of measurement-based method, wind power generation is connected to distribution network to do power system transient simulation for getting the data samples of load characteristics. When the impact of wind power generation on load modeling of distribution network is neglected, this paper identifies parameters with generalized composite load model of asynchronous machine in parallel with static load and analyses the error. The results show that the traditional integrated load model is not valid to fit distribution network’s dynamic load model.
Through the analysis of frame of wind power generation and load model, wind power generation could be seen as a dynamic load model that power consumption is negative, wind power system’s load parameters are identified as a independent system, the results show that the wind power generation could be described by asynchronous generator in the process of parameter identification. On this basis, this paper proposes that the integrated load of distribution network with wind power generation could be identified by the generalized composite load model of any ratio of dynamic load. The validity of this composite load model of dynamic load is testified by modeling of three typical operation styles under different capacity of wind power generation and load type.
分布式电源以其投资省、发电方式灵活、与环境兼容等特点,给现代电力系统运行与控制带来了巨大的变化。它既可以满足电力系统和用户的特定要求,又可以提高传统电力系统的可靠性和经济性。做为分布式发电能源之一——风能的开发利用已得到世界各国的高度重视,随着我国风力发电装机容量的不断增加,风力发电的接入对电力系统负荷建模的影响成为研究的热点。
本文采用MATLAB仿真工具和总体测辨建模的方法,把风力发电机组接入配网侧进行电力系统暂态仿真来获取模型辨识所需的负荷特性数据样本。不考虑风力发电对负荷建模的影响,用传统的感应电动机并联恒阻抗的综合负荷模型进行了参数辨识和误差分析。结果表明,随着风力发电机容量的增大,传统的综合负荷模型不能很好的描述配电网的动态特性。
在对风力发电机组的原理进行分析的基础上,把风力发电机看作一个功率消耗为负的动态负荷,对风力发电机系统进行了单独的负荷模型参数辨识,指出风力发电机组可以用异步发电机来等效描述。在此基础上,本文提出含风力发电的配电网综合负荷可以用任意动态负荷比例的广义综合负荷模型来等效描述。本文针对三种不同的风力发电所占比例及负荷类型进行了系统仿真和参数辨识,结果证明,本文提出的广义综合负荷模型在描述含风力发电的配网侧负荷动态特性方面的有效性。
The power system simulation is very important in the analyzing,programming, designing and operating of power system. The accurate degree relate to the security and stability operating of power system. Because the power system load has the characteristics of randomicity, distributivity, multiformity, the load modeling is very difficult.
Distributed generation has brought tremendous changes to the modern power system operation and control on account of less investment, Flexible Generating method, Environmental compatibility and so on. It can meet the power system and the user's specific requirements, but also provides reliability and economy which the traditional power system is unmatched. As one of the Generating energy-the development and utilization of wind energy has attracted more and more attention in the world. As the increasing of wind power generation’s capacity in our country, the impact of wind power generation on load modeling of distribution network becomes to the hot spot.
This paper applies MATLAB simulation tool and theory of measurement-based method, wind power generation is connected to distribution network to do power system transient simulation for getting the data samples of load characteristics. When the impact of wind power generation on load modeling of distribution network is neglected, this paper identifies parameters with generalized composite load model of asynchronous machine in parallel with static load and analyses the error. The results show that the traditional integrated load model is not valid to fit distribution network’s dynamic load model.
Through the analysis of frame of wind power generation and load model, wind power generation could be seen as a dynamic load model that power consumption is negative, wind power system’s load parameters are identified as a independent system, the results show that the wind power generation could be described by asynchronous generator in the process of parameter identification. On this basis, this paper proposes that the integrated load of distribution network with wind power generation could be identified by the generalized composite load model of any ratio of dynamic load. The validity of this composite load model of dynamic load is testified by modeling of three typical operation styles under different capacity of wind power generation and load type.
引文
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[12]方舒燕,杨乃贵,连世元,等.负荷模型对电力系统暂态稳定计算的影响.电力系统自动化,1999,23(19):48-50
[13]张红斌,李黎,贺仁睦.动静态负荷模型在电网暂态稳定计算中的应用.电力自动化设备,2003,23(6):49-53
[14]李欣然,贺仁睦,章健,等.负荷特性对电力系统静态电压稳定性的影响及静态电压稳定性广义实用判据.中国电机工程学报,1999,19(4):26-30
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[17]包丹.感应电动机负荷电压稳定性的研究与仿真.东北电力技术,2000,(1):1-4
[18] D.J.Hill.Nonlinear dynamic load models with recovery for voltage stability studies.IEEE Trans on PWRS,1993,8(1):166-176
[19]张明理,王天,唐果,等.负荷模型对系统暂态稳定计算的影响.电网技术, 2007,31(22):26-29
[20]宋军英,唐外文,黄良刚,等.负荷模型对鄂湘联络线暂态稳定输送功率极限的影响.湖南电力,2005,25(2):1-4
[21]李鹏,余贻鑫,贾宏杰.关于更精确的电压稳定极限描述中所需模型与方法的研究.中国电机工程学报,2004,24(10):21-26
[22]周雪松,侯明,马幼捷.不同负荷模型在电压稳定分析中的分岔研究.天津理工大学学报,2008,24(2):70-72
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