列车车号自动识别系统研究与设计
摘要
随着铁路运输信息化的发展,我国已经开始建设铁路信息管理系统(TMIS),而列车车号识别系统(ATIS)是TMIS的重要组成部分,它提供了列车、机车等运营的基础数据,实现了对它们的实时跟踪,以供运营部门进行管理。
硬件设备是ATIS不可或缺的部分,硬件系统主要由机车电子标签,地面识别系统构成。论文主要设计了地面识别系统,包括RFID阅读器、磁钢位置检测传感器、RS485通信电路、系统防雷电路等。文中针对915MHZ的超高频RFID进行分析,并结合ISO/TEC18000-6 Type B协议实现阅读器的设计。阅读器以ATmega64为主控核心,以TR1000和RF2132实现射频发射电路。
考虑到实际铁路运营中,铁路列车自动识别系统需要把阅读器读到的列车信息传输到上位机中,而铁路轨道为多路的铁轨,论文设计了4路RS485对RS232协议转换器,实现了多路铁轨对一台上位机之间的通信。
文中还对磁钢位置检测传感器进行设计,并对系统可靠性进行分析,完成系统防雷电路设计。
With the development of railway transport informatization,the Railway Department has been building the system of TMIS, And ATIS is a key part of TMIS,which providing the fundamental data to tracking the situation of the train and been used management of the Railway Department.
Hardware is indispensable to ATIS. The hardware is mainly constituded by the electronic tag and the AEI. This paper gives the design of the AEI system,which includes schematic design of RFID reader,megenitic steel position sensor,communication of RS485 bus and lightning protection. The paper discusses RFID technology of 915MHz and give the design of the reader associated the protocol ISO/TEC18000-6 Type B. ATmega64 is designed as the control core of the reader. TR1000 and RF2132 are used for the RF module circuit.
Considering there is not a single Rail in practical services and the reader in most station there are few pairs sends the train information to the upper PC, the paper devotes a 4-path-RS485 to 1-path-RS232 protocol converter, which implements the communications between the Rails and the upper PC.
The work also gives the design of megenitic steel position sensor, and discusses the system’s lightning protection.
硬件设备是ATIS不可或缺的部分,硬件系统主要由机车电子标签,地面识别系统构成。论文主要设计了地面识别系统,包括RFID阅读器、磁钢位置检测传感器、RS485通信电路、系统防雷电路等。文中针对915MHZ的超高频RFID进行分析,并结合ISO/TEC18000-6 Type B协议实现阅读器的设计。阅读器以ATmega64为主控核心,以TR1000和RF2132实现射频发射电路。
考虑到实际铁路运营中,铁路列车自动识别系统需要把阅读器读到的列车信息传输到上位机中,而铁路轨道为多路的铁轨,论文设计了4路RS485对RS232协议转换器,实现了多路铁轨对一台上位机之间的通信。
文中还对磁钢位置检测传感器进行设计,并对系统可靠性进行分析,完成系统防雷电路设计。
With the development of railway transport informatization,the Railway Department has been building the system of TMIS, And ATIS is a key part of TMIS,which providing the fundamental data to tracking the situation of the train and been used management of the Railway Department.
Hardware is indispensable to ATIS. The hardware is mainly constituded by the electronic tag and the AEI. This paper gives the design of the AEI system,which includes schematic design of RFID reader,megenitic steel position sensor,communication of RS485 bus and lightning protection. The paper discusses RFID technology of 915MHz and give the design of the reader associated the protocol ISO/TEC18000-6 Type B. ATmega64 is designed as the control core of the reader. TR1000 and RF2132 are used for the RF module circuit.
Considering there is not a single Rail in practical services and the reader in most station there are few pairs sends the train information to the upper PC, the paper devotes a 4-path-RS485 to 1-path-RS232 protocol converter, which implements the communications between the Rails and the upper PC.
The work also gives the design of megenitic steel position sensor, and discusses the system’s lightning protection.
引文
[1] 张军.车号自动识别系统在编组站的应用.铁道车辆,2005.12
[2] 于涛.车号自动识别系统在铁路运输中的应用.哈尔滨铁道科技,2004.3
[3] 王军.车号自动识别系统在铁路货运编组站应用.哈尔滨铁道科技,2004.2
[4] 务实.解析无线射频识别(RFID).天极网(www.yesky. com),2005. 01. 10. [51 江美龙.射频识别系统数字处理模块的设计实现及其关键技术研究:(硕士学位论文)北京:北京邮电大学,2002.
[6] 游战清.李苏剑.无线射频识别技术(RFID)理论与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004
[7] 樊昌信.通信原理.北京:国防工业出版社,2002.
[8] 张益强,郑铭,张其善. 远距离无源射频识别系统设计. 遥测遥控,2004,4:25.
[9] 陈邦媛. 射频通信电路. 北京:科学出版社,2002
[10] Pete Sorrells. Passive RFID Basics. Microchip Technology 2004,3:7.
[11]Nanjundaiah M, Chaudhary V . Improvement to the Anticollision Protocol Specification for 900MHz Class 0 Radio Frequency Identification Tag . The IEEE 19th International Comference on Advenced Information Networking and Applications, Tamkang University,Taiwan, 2005:616-620
[12] Basat S, Lim K, Kim I et al. Design and Development of a Miniaturized Embedded UHF RFID Tag for Automotive Tire Applications. The 55th Electronic Components and Technology Conference, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA, 2005:867-870.
[13] ISO/IEC18000-6 . Information Technology Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)for Item Management-Part 6:Parameters for Air interface Communications at 860-930 MHz. The international Organization for Standardization. 2002.05.04
[14] Atmel . 8-bit Microcontroller with 64K Bytes In-System Programmable Flash Atmega64.
[15]李长林. AVR 单片机应应用设计.北京:电子工业出版社.2005
[16]赵秀全.C 工 PS 环境下 TW-2 型驼峰自动化系统的研究.铁路通信信号工程技术 2006 年第 3 期 [17」丁昆.研发中的编组站综合集成自动化系统(CIPS).铁路通信信号工 程技术 2005 年第 6 期 [18」张军.铁路编组站.铁道知识 2006 年第 3 期
[19] Verma A K, Nasimuddin. Resonance frequency and band-width of rectangular microstrip antenna on thick substrate. Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, IEEE, 2002, 12 (2):60-62
[20] Jeong PhillKim, WeeSangPark. Analysis and network modeling of an apert re-coupled microstrip patch antenna. IEEE Transactionson Antennasand-Propagation, 2001, 49 (6):849-854
[21] Paulson M, Kundukulam S O, Aanandan C K, et al. Resonance frequencies of compact microstrip antenna. Electronics Letters, 2001, 37 (19): 1151-1153
[22] Yi-hsin Pang, Ruey-beei Wu. Analysis of microstrip antennas with finite-sized substrate. In:Antennas andPropagation Society, 2001, IEEE International Sym., 2001, 814-817
[23]龚成. RFID 中电子标签天线设计[J] . RFID 技术与应用 , 2006 年第 3 期
[24] 曹保根.主从式 RS485 应用系统的设计与调试. 电子技术, 2000 .2:44 [25] Texas Instruments. HF Antenna Design Notes Technical Application Report.2005.5
[26] ULR ICH Kaiser, WOLFGANG Steinhagen . A Low-Power transponder IC for High-Performance identification systems[J].IEEE Commu Jourl of Solid-State Circuits,1995,30(3):306-310
[27]吴刚.非接触式 IC 卡读卡器的设计与开发:(硕士学位论文).北京:北京化工大学,2003
[28]孙涵芳,徐爱卿. MCS-51/96 系列单片机原理及应用.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1996
[29] 谭会生,张昌凡. EDA 技术及应用(第二版) , 西安电子科技大学出版社 , 2003
[30]蒋序一,高佩珠.基于 S6700 芯片和 TAGIT 协议标准的读写器.微机算计信息.2005, 2:47
[31] Lee S R, Joo S D, Lee C W. An Enhanced Dynamic Framed Slotted ALOHA Algorithm for RFID Tag Identification. The Second Annual International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Systems:Networking and Services, San Diego, USA, 2005:166-174
[32] Hernandez P, Sandoval J D, Puente F. Mathematical model for a multiread anticollision protocol. IEEE Pacific Rim Conference on Communications, Computers and Signal processing, Victoria, BC, Canada, 2001:647-650.
[33] Waldrop J, Engels D W, Sarma S E. Colorwave:An Anticollision Algorithm for the Reader Collision Problem. The IEEE International Conference on Communications, Anchorage USA, 2003:1206-1210
[34]沙占友.新编使用数字化测量技术.北京:国防工业出版社,1998
[35]蒋焕文,孙续.电子测量.北京:中国计量出版社,1988
[2] 于涛.车号自动识别系统在铁路运输中的应用.哈尔滨铁道科技,2004.3
[3] 王军.车号自动识别系统在铁路货运编组站应用.哈尔滨铁道科技,2004.2
[4] 务实.解析无线射频识别(RFID).天极网(www.yesky. com),2005. 01. 10. [51 江美龙.射频识别系统数字处理模块的设计实现及其关键技术研究:(硕士学位论文)北京:北京邮电大学,2002.
[6] 游战清.李苏剑.无线射频识别技术(RFID)理论与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004
[7] 樊昌信.通信原理.北京:国防工业出版社,2002.
[8] 张益强,郑铭,张其善. 远距离无源射频识别系统设计. 遥测遥控,2004,4:25.
[9] 陈邦媛. 射频通信电路. 北京:科学出版社,2002
[10] Pete Sorrells. Passive RFID Basics. Microchip Technology 2004,3:7.
[11]Nanjundaiah M, Chaudhary V . Improvement to the Anticollision Protocol Specification for 900MHz Class 0 Radio Frequency Identification Tag . The IEEE 19th International Comference on Advenced Information Networking and Applications, Tamkang University,Taiwan, 2005:616-620
[12] Basat S, Lim K, Kim I et al. Design and Development of a Miniaturized Embedded UHF RFID Tag for Automotive Tire Applications. The 55th Electronic Components and Technology Conference, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA, 2005:867-870.
[13] ISO/IEC18000-6 . Information Technology Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)for Item Management-Part 6:Parameters for Air interface Communications at 860-930 MHz. The international Organization for Standardization. 2002.05.04
[14] Atmel . 8-bit Microcontroller with 64K Bytes In-System Programmable Flash Atmega64.
[15]李长林. AVR 单片机应应用设计.北京:电子工业出版社.2005
[16]赵秀全.C 工 PS 环境下 TW-2 型驼峰自动化系统的研究.铁路通信信号工程技术 2006 年第 3 期 [17」丁昆.研发中的编组站综合集成自动化系统(CIPS).铁路通信信号工 程技术 2005 年第 6 期 [18」张军.铁路编组站.铁道知识 2006 年第 3 期
[19] Verma A K, Nasimuddin. Resonance frequency and band-width of rectangular microstrip antenna on thick substrate. Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, IEEE, 2002, 12 (2):60-62
[20] Jeong PhillKim, WeeSangPark. Analysis and network modeling of an apert re-coupled microstrip patch antenna. IEEE Transactionson Antennasand-Propagation, 2001, 49 (6):849-854
[21] Paulson M, Kundukulam S O, Aanandan C K, et al. Resonance frequencies of compact microstrip antenna. Electronics Letters, 2001, 37 (19): 1151-1153
[22] Yi-hsin Pang, Ruey-beei Wu. Analysis of microstrip antennas with finite-sized substrate. In:Antennas andPropagation Society, 2001, IEEE International Sym., 2001, 814-817
[23]龚成. RFID 中电子标签天线设计[J] . RFID 技术与应用 , 2006 年第 3 期
[24] 曹保根.主从式 RS485 应用系统的设计与调试. 电子技术, 2000 .2:44 [25] Texas Instruments. HF Antenna Design Notes Technical Application Report.2005.5
[26] ULR ICH Kaiser, WOLFGANG Steinhagen . A Low-Power transponder IC for High-Performance identification systems[J].IEEE Commu Jourl of Solid-State Circuits,1995,30(3):306-310
[27]吴刚.非接触式 IC 卡读卡器的设计与开发:(硕士学位论文).北京:北京化工大学,2003
[28]孙涵芳,徐爱卿. MCS-51/96 系列单片机原理及应用.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1996
[29] 谭会生,张昌凡. EDA 技术及应用(第二版) , 西安电子科技大学出版社 , 2003
[30]蒋序一,高佩珠.基于 S6700 芯片和 TAGIT 协议标准的读写器.微机算计信息.2005, 2:47
[31] Lee S R, Joo S D, Lee C W. An Enhanced Dynamic Framed Slotted ALOHA Algorithm for RFID Tag Identification. The Second Annual International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Systems:Networking and Services, San Diego, USA, 2005:166-174
[32] Hernandez P, Sandoval J D, Puente F. Mathematical model for a multiread anticollision protocol. IEEE Pacific Rim Conference on Communications, Computers and Signal processing, Victoria, BC, Canada, 2001:647-650.
[33] Waldrop J, Engels D W, Sarma S E. Colorwave:An Anticollision Algorithm for the Reader Collision Problem. The IEEE International Conference on Communications, Anchorage USA, 2003:1206-1210
[34]沙占友.新编使用数字化测量技术.北京:国防工业出版社,1998
[35]蒋焕文,孙续.电子测量.北京:中国计量出版社,1988