白蛾周氏啮小蜂复壮技术研究
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摘要
白蛾周氏啮小蜂Chouioia cunea Yang是防治美国白蛾Hyphantria cunea (Drury)的重要寄生蜂。但用同一寄主连续繁蜂多代,往往会使整个种群的生命力降低,严重影响其对美国白蛾的防治效果。本文从筛选健壮蜂种、对小蜂补充营养及转寄主寄生、汰选抗性寄生蜂四个方面对该蜂进行了复壮技术研究,为解决人工繁蜂生产中的蜂种退化问题提供理论基础与技术支持。结果如下:
1.垂直和水平方向筛选白蛾周氏啮小蜂亲代后研究其子代蜂的主要生物学特性。垂直150 cm及水平处理的子代蜂的寿命比对照延长2 d左右;垂直150 cm和水平150 cm处理均能显著提高子代蜂的出蜂量、雌雄比和寄生率,出蜂量分别为5082.5头和5184.6头,雌雄比分别为42.56:1、52.90:1,寄生率分别为96.67%和93.33%。说明,垂直150 cm和水平150 cm处理亲代蜂后可以提高子代蜂的生命力。
2.补充10%果糖水、10%蔗糖水、10%葡萄糖水、10%蜂蜜水后,均显著提高了亲代蜂的寿命,其中10%的果糖水效果最好,比对照长2.13 d;补充10%果糖水和10%葡萄糖水均能显著延长子代蜂的寿命,并显著提高了子代蜂的出蜂量,其中10%的果糖水处理效果最好。
3.转寄主桑毛虫(Euproctis similis)蛹、家蚕(Bombyx mori)蛹、美国白蛾蛹和斜纹夜蛾(Spodoptera litura)蛹繁殖白蛾周氏啮小蜂1代,其子代蜂的平均寄生率提高了27.33%~35%,平均雌雄比提高了32.38%~73.23%。
4.灭幼脲处理组仅显著提高了羧酸酯酶和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶的比活力,烟碱·苦参碱处理组仅显著提高了谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶的比活力,而高效氯氰菊酯和阿维菌素处理组则同时显著提高了羧酸酯酶、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶和细胞色素P450氧脱甲基酶的比活力,表明在本试验条件下,高效氯氰菊酯和阿维菌素对抗性蜂的汰选培育效果最好。
Chouioia cunea Yang is important wasp as biological control agents which has been commercially applied to against Hyphantria cunea(Drury). But rearing wasps with the same host for several generations, the vitality of the population was declined which reduced control efficiency on H.cunea. This paper studied the rejuvenescence of C. cunea by screening of strong wasps, supplementing nutrition , alternating hosts and breeding resistance wasps , which provide theoretical foundation and technical support for solving the degradation problem in production. The results were summarized as follows:
1. The main biological characteristics of C. cunea offspring were researched after the vertical and horizontal treatment of wasps. The developmental duration, numbers, longevity, sex ratio and the parasitism rate of C. cunea offspring were determined. The longevity of wasps treated with vertical 150 cm and horizontal was 2 days longer than control groups.The number, sex ratio and the parasitism rate of wasps treated with vertical 150 cm and horizontal 150 cm reached 5082.5, 5184.6, 42.56:1, 52.90:1, 93.34%, 96.67% respectively. It indicated that wasps activities could be increased by treating with vertical150 cm and horizontal150cm .
2. The longevity of wasps fed with10% fructose, 10% sucrose, 10% glucose,10% honey, was extended. The longevity of wasps fed with10% fructose was 2.13 days longer than those fed with water. The longevity and number of C. cunea offspring were both improved by 10% fructose and 10% glucose, the effect of 10% fructose on wasps was best.
3. Using natural host, Porthesia xanthocampa , Bombyx mori, Hyphantria cunea and Prodenia litura, reproduced by one generation, the results showed that the parasitism rate and the sex ratio of wasps raised by 27.33%~35% and 32.38%~73.23% respectively.
4. The CarE, GST and O-demethylase activities of wasps treated with cypermethrin and avermecti were improved significantly , but only the CarE and GST activities, the CarE activities were improved significantly treated with chlorbenzuron and matrine·nicotine respectively. It stated that the effect of cypermethrin and avermecti were best.
1.垂直和水平方向筛选白蛾周氏啮小蜂亲代后研究其子代蜂的主要生物学特性。垂直150 cm及水平处理的子代蜂的寿命比对照延长2 d左右;垂直150 cm和水平150 cm处理均能显著提高子代蜂的出蜂量、雌雄比和寄生率,出蜂量分别为5082.5头和5184.6头,雌雄比分别为42.56:1、52.90:1,寄生率分别为96.67%和93.33%。说明,垂直150 cm和水平150 cm处理亲代蜂后可以提高子代蜂的生命力。
2.补充10%果糖水、10%蔗糖水、10%葡萄糖水、10%蜂蜜水后,均显著提高了亲代蜂的寿命,其中10%的果糖水效果最好,比对照长2.13 d;补充10%果糖水和10%葡萄糖水均能显著延长子代蜂的寿命,并显著提高了子代蜂的出蜂量,其中10%的果糖水处理效果最好。
3.转寄主桑毛虫(Euproctis similis)蛹、家蚕(Bombyx mori)蛹、美国白蛾蛹和斜纹夜蛾(Spodoptera litura)蛹繁殖白蛾周氏啮小蜂1代,其子代蜂的平均寄生率提高了27.33%~35%,平均雌雄比提高了32.38%~73.23%。
4.灭幼脲处理组仅显著提高了羧酸酯酶和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶的比活力,烟碱·苦参碱处理组仅显著提高了谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶的比活力,而高效氯氰菊酯和阿维菌素处理组则同时显著提高了羧酸酯酶、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶和细胞色素P450氧脱甲基酶的比活力,表明在本试验条件下,高效氯氰菊酯和阿维菌素对抗性蜂的汰选培育效果最好。
Chouioia cunea Yang is important wasp as biological control agents which has been commercially applied to against Hyphantria cunea(Drury). But rearing wasps with the same host for several generations, the vitality of the population was declined which reduced control efficiency on H.cunea. This paper studied the rejuvenescence of C. cunea by screening of strong wasps, supplementing nutrition , alternating hosts and breeding resistance wasps , which provide theoretical foundation and technical support for solving the degradation problem in production. The results were summarized as follows:
1. The main biological characteristics of C. cunea offspring were researched after the vertical and horizontal treatment of wasps. The developmental duration, numbers, longevity, sex ratio and the parasitism rate of C. cunea offspring were determined. The longevity of wasps treated with vertical 150 cm and horizontal was 2 days longer than control groups.The number, sex ratio and the parasitism rate of wasps treated with vertical 150 cm and horizontal 150 cm reached 5082.5, 5184.6, 42.56:1, 52.90:1, 93.34%, 96.67% respectively. It indicated that wasps activities could be increased by treating with vertical150 cm and horizontal150cm .
2. The longevity of wasps fed with10% fructose, 10% sucrose, 10% glucose,10% honey, was extended. The longevity of wasps fed with10% fructose was 2.13 days longer than those fed with water. The longevity and number of C. cunea offspring were both improved by 10% fructose and 10% glucose, the effect of 10% fructose on wasps was best.
3. Using natural host, Porthesia xanthocampa , Bombyx mori, Hyphantria cunea and Prodenia litura, reproduced by one generation, the results showed that the parasitism rate and the sex ratio of wasps raised by 27.33%~35% and 32.38%~73.23% respectively.
4. The CarE, GST and O-demethylase activities of wasps treated with cypermethrin and avermecti were improved significantly , but only the CarE and GST activities, the CarE activities were improved significantly treated with chlorbenzuron and matrine·nicotine respectively. It stated that the effect of cypermethrin and avermecti were best.
引文
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