光环境调控对水稻幼苗和黑豆芽苗菜生长发育的影响
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摘要
随着光电技术的发展,LED(Light Emitting Diode,发光二极管)在农业与生物领域的应用正逐渐受到世界各国的广泛关注。LED不仅具有体积小、寿命长、耗能低、波长固定与低发热等优点,而且还能根据植物需要进行发光光谱的精确配置,实现传统光源无法替代的节能、环保和空间高效利用等功能。
光质对植物的生长发育、形态建成、光合作用、物质代谢以及基因表达均有调控作用。将LED辐射的各种光谱进行配比组合应用在设施育苗、芽苗菜中具有重要意义。本研究以水稻种子和黑豆种子为试验材料,利用获得植株所需的各种光谱能量分布的LED光源,开展生长试验和指标测试分析,系统研究不同光谱能量分布的LED光源对不同品种的水稻和黑豆种子发育及其各个生长阶段的影响,为LED光谱调控在农业与生物领域中的应用提供基础。研究结果如下：
1.研究光质对‘武运粳7号’和‘抗优63’两种水稻幼苗生长及生理特性的影响,结果表明,光质对两个品种水稻幼苗生长有显著影响且存在差异。蓝光显著抑制幼苗株高,提高‘武运粳7号’叶片的可溶性蛋白质含量及两个品种水稻五叶期幼苗的壮苗指数；红光显著提高三叶期幼苗的茎基直径、壮苗指数以及五叶期叶片的可溶性糖和淀粉含量；红蓝光显著提高三叶期幼苗的根数、茎基直径、壮苗指数、根系活力和可溶性糖含量,以及五叶期幼苗的鲜质量、干质量、壮苗指数、叶片可溶性糖和蔗糖含量；黄光可在幼苗生长初期显著增加株高。总体上,红蓝光有利于培育水稻壮苗。
2.蓝光处理显著增加水稻幼苗剑叶气孔的数量,显著增大根导管的直径；红蓝光的处理显著增加根部导管的数量,使剑叶气孔长和宽呈显著负相关,显著减小了气孔长宽度的差异。蓝光、红蓝光、黄光处理下Fv/Fm值、Fv/Fo值显著高于对照,呼吸速率显著降低；蓝光和黄光处理使qP值、ΦPSII值和ETR值显著提高；红光下水稻幼苗的呼吸速率显著高于其它光质处理；红光显著提高了水稻叶片的光合速率。总之,红蓝光处理能促进水稻器官结构的发育,蓝光更能显著提高水稻叶片的光合能力。
3.研究光强对黑豆芽苗菜的生长和品质表明,增加光强至3μmol·-2·s-1可以增加黑豆芽苗菜维生素C的含量。光强为9μmol·m-2·s-1的处理使芽苗菜的根长、下胚轴长度、地上部鲜质量、POD活性、可溶性糖、蔗糖都显著高于对照。在0～9μmol·m-2·s-1的光强范围内,叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素总含量和类胡萝卜素含量都显著增加。用0～15μmol·m-1·s-1的光处理显著增加黑豆芽苗菜的下胚轴直径和氨基酸含量。结果表明,9μmol·m-2·s-1的光照强度最适合培养高品质的黑豆芽苗菜。
4.黑豆芽苗菜在生长初期形态改变较显著、酶活性增长显著、可溶性蛋白质的含量逐渐下降、氨基酸的含量逐渐升高,生长至7d下胚轴长、下胚轴直径、可食鲜质量、可食干质量、可食率、叶绿素含量和SOD活性都已经趋于稳定。可溶性糖、蔗糖、维生素C的含量,在生长初期稳定上升,生长至6 d,呈现显著的下降的趋势。粗灰分和粗纤维含量7d后有了显著的增加。还原糖的含量总体呈下降趋势。由试验结果分析,黑豆芽苗菜在生长至7d时形态指标达到最大,而生长至6d营养物质含量较高。
5.蓝光可以显著提高黑豆芽苗菜地上部鲜质量,促进了下胚轴的伸长,增加了下胚轴直径,POD的活性最高,维生素C、维生素E和可溶性蛋白质的含量均高于其它光质处理。红光下黑豆芽苗菜的地上部干质量显著增大,相比其它光质处理显著提高了叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素总量的含量以及SOD和POD的活性。红蓝光显著增加了地上部鲜质量、地上部干质量,并显著增加了根长。黄光显著增加了地上部鲜质量,使下胚轴有显著的伸长,并能显著增加根长。总体来说,蓝光最适合黑豆芽苗菜的生长。
6.光周期为11 h·d-1时可溶性糖、蔗糖和淀粉的含量最高。光周期为13 h·d-1有利于黑豆芽苗菜地上部鲜质量、灰分和粗纤维含量的提高。光周期的延长可以使叶绿素a/b的值、游离氨基酸的含量显著增加,MDA的含量显著的降低。试验证明,13 h·d-1时黑豆芽苗菜地上部鲜质量最大,11 h·d-1时黑豆芽苗菜的营养成分含量最高。
综上所述,本研究表明,LED光谱调控应用到农业与生物领域具有可行性,可替代荧光灯大范围应用于设施育苗、芽苗菜生产中。
The application of light-emitting diode (LED) in agriculture and bio-industry has been concerned by all over the world along with the development of LED technology. LED not only has many advantages, such as small size, long life, low energy consumption, securing wave length and low production of heat, but also can emit the exact spectrum based on the need of plant. LED can actualize a lot of functions, such as energy saving, environment protection and efficient space utilization, which can not be achieved by conventional light source.
Light spectrum plays an important role in plant development, morphogenesis, metabolism and gene expression. Application of light spectrum of LED on plantlets is important for plant cultivation and bud seeding vegetable In this thesis, rice and black pea seeds were tested to investigate the effects of light spectrum on growth of plantlets in different stages.
The results are as follows:
1. Effects of light quality on growth and physiological characteristics of rice seedlings of'wuyunjing 7'and'kangyou 63'. The results suggested light quality had remarkable effects and significant difference on the growth of two rice cultivars at different growth stage. Under blue LED, the plant heights were restrained remarkably, but the soluble protein content of'wuyunjing 7'and healthy index of two rice cultivars at five leaf stage were increased significantly. Under red LED, the stem diameter and healthy index at three leaf stage were increased remarkably, and also the soluble sugar and starch contents were increased significantly at five leaf stage. Under red-blue LED, the root number, stem diameter, healthy index, root activity and soluble sugar content in roots of the seedlings at three leaf stage were significantly promoted, the fresh mass, dry mass, healthy index, soluble sugar and sucrose content in leaf at five leaf stage were increased remarkably. Under yellow LED, the plant height were significantly increased at the initial growth stage. Generally, the red-blue LED could be more benefit to culture strong seedlings.
2. Stomatal density were increased and catheter diameter was increased significantly under blue LED. Under red-blue LED, catheter number was increased, stomatal length and width had significant negative correlation, and the difference of stomatal length and width were decreased significantly. Under blue, yellow and red-blue LED, the Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo were higher than those of the control, but respiration rate was decreased significantly. qp,ΦPSⅡand ETR were increased significantly under blue and yellow LED. Under red light, respiration rate was decreased remarkably. Photo synthetic rate of the leaves were increased significantly under red LED.
3. Effects of Light intensity on growth and nutrient component of black bean sprouting seedlings were studied. From the experimental results, vitamin C was significantly increased. under the light intensity of 3μmol·m-2·s-1.The hypocotyls length, aboveground fresh mass, POD activity, soluble sugar and sucrose content were significantly increased. Under the light intensity of 3-9μmol·m-2·s-1, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and chlorophyll a+b content were increased remarkably. The content of hypocotyls diameter and amino acid were higher under the light intensity of 3～15μmol·m-2·s-1.The results suggested that the light intensity of 9μmol·m-2·s-1 could be more benefit to the growth of black bean sprouting seedlings.
4. There were significantly increased on morphological index, enzyme activity and amino acid at early growth stage, but protein content gradually decreased. The hypocotyls length, hypocotyls diameter, aboveground fresh mass, aboveground dry mass, chlorophyll content and sod activity reach a stable state after seven days, but cellulose content were increased significantly. The soluble sugar, sucrose and vitamin C content were gradually increased at early growth stage, but decreased after six days. The ash and cellulose content were increased remarkably after seven days. The reducing sugar content was decreased significantly with growing. The results suggested that it had better morphological index on the seventh day and higher nutrient components on the sixth day.
5. Blue light significantly increased aboveground fresh mass, hypocotyls elongation, hypocotyls diameter and POD activity in the black bean sprouting seedlings, maintained high vitamin C, vitamin E and protein content. Under red LED, aboveground dry mass were significantly increased chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and chlorophyll a+b content, SOD activity and POD activity were maintained effectively. Under red-blue LED, the aboveground fresh mass, aboveground dry mass and root length were increased remarkably. Under yellow LED, the fresh mass of hypocotyls was increased significantly. Aboveground fresh mass and root length and were increased remarkably. Generally, the blue LED could be more benefit to the growth of black bean sprouting seedlings.
6. Soluble sugar sucrose and starch content were increased significantly on 11 h-d-1 illumination. It was beneficial to the hypocotyls growth, ash and cellulose content were increased remarkably on 13 h-d-1. Chlorophyll a/b and amino acid content were increased significantly, but the content of MDA was decreased remarkably with increasing of the time of illumination. The results suggested that it had higher nutrient components on 11 h-d-1 illumination and better hypocotyls growth on 13 h-d-1 illumination.
In conclude, this study supported the feasibility of application of light spectrum regulation of LED on agriculture and bio-industry, which would replace fluorescent and be widely used in plant cultivation and bud seeding vegetable
光质对植物的生长发育、形态建成、光合作用、物质代谢以及基因表达均有调控作用。将LED辐射的各种光谱进行配比组合应用在设施育苗、芽苗菜中具有重要意义。本研究以水稻种子和黑豆种子为试验材料,利用获得植株所需的各种光谱能量分布的LED光源,开展生长试验和指标测试分析,系统研究不同光谱能量分布的LED光源对不同品种的水稻和黑豆种子发育及其各个生长阶段的影响,为LED光谱调控在农业与生物领域中的应用提供基础。研究结果如下：
1.研究光质对‘武运粳7号’和‘抗优63’两种水稻幼苗生长及生理特性的影响,结果表明,光质对两个品种水稻幼苗生长有显著影响且存在差异。蓝光显著抑制幼苗株高,提高‘武运粳7号’叶片的可溶性蛋白质含量及两个品种水稻五叶期幼苗的壮苗指数；红光显著提高三叶期幼苗的茎基直径、壮苗指数以及五叶期叶片的可溶性糖和淀粉含量；红蓝光显著提高三叶期幼苗的根数、茎基直径、壮苗指数、根系活力和可溶性糖含量,以及五叶期幼苗的鲜质量、干质量、壮苗指数、叶片可溶性糖和蔗糖含量；黄光可在幼苗生长初期显著增加株高。总体上,红蓝光有利于培育水稻壮苗。
2.蓝光处理显著增加水稻幼苗剑叶气孔的数量,显著增大根导管的直径；红蓝光的处理显著增加根部导管的数量,使剑叶气孔长和宽呈显著负相关,显著减小了气孔长宽度的差异。蓝光、红蓝光、黄光处理下Fv/Fm值、Fv/Fo值显著高于对照,呼吸速率显著降低；蓝光和黄光处理使qP值、ΦPSII值和ETR值显著提高；红光下水稻幼苗的呼吸速率显著高于其它光质处理；红光显著提高了水稻叶片的光合速率。总之,红蓝光处理能促进水稻器官结构的发育,蓝光更能显著提高水稻叶片的光合能力。
3.研究光强对黑豆芽苗菜的生长和品质表明,增加光强至3μmol·-2·s-1可以增加黑豆芽苗菜维生素C的含量。光强为9μmol·m-2·s-1的处理使芽苗菜的根长、下胚轴长度、地上部鲜质量、POD活性、可溶性糖、蔗糖都显著高于对照。在0～9μmol·m-2·s-1的光强范围内,叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素总含量和类胡萝卜素含量都显著增加。用0～15μmol·m-1·s-1的光处理显著增加黑豆芽苗菜的下胚轴直径和氨基酸含量。结果表明,9μmol·m-2·s-1的光照强度最适合培养高品质的黑豆芽苗菜。
4.黑豆芽苗菜在生长初期形态改变较显著、酶活性增长显著、可溶性蛋白质的含量逐渐下降、氨基酸的含量逐渐升高,生长至7d下胚轴长、下胚轴直径、可食鲜质量、可食干质量、可食率、叶绿素含量和SOD活性都已经趋于稳定。可溶性糖、蔗糖、维生素C的含量,在生长初期稳定上升,生长至6 d,呈现显著的下降的趋势。粗灰分和粗纤维含量7d后有了显著的增加。还原糖的含量总体呈下降趋势。由试验结果分析,黑豆芽苗菜在生长至7d时形态指标达到最大,而生长至6d营养物质含量较高。
5.蓝光可以显著提高黑豆芽苗菜地上部鲜质量,促进了下胚轴的伸长,增加了下胚轴直径,POD的活性最高,维生素C、维生素E和可溶性蛋白质的含量均高于其它光质处理。红光下黑豆芽苗菜的地上部干质量显著增大,相比其它光质处理显著提高了叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素总量的含量以及SOD和POD的活性。红蓝光显著增加了地上部鲜质量、地上部干质量,并显著增加了根长。黄光显著增加了地上部鲜质量,使下胚轴有显著的伸长,并能显著增加根长。总体来说,蓝光最适合黑豆芽苗菜的生长。
6.光周期为11 h·d-1时可溶性糖、蔗糖和淀粉的含量最高。光周期为13 h·d-1有利于黑豆芽苗菜地上部鲜质量、灰分和粗纤维含量的提高。光周期的延长可以使叶绿素a/b的值、游离氨基酸的含量显著增加,MDA的含量显著的降低。试验证明,13 h·d-1时黑豆芽苗菜地上部鲜质量最大,11 h·d-1时黑豆芽苗菜的营养成分含量最高。
综上所述,本研究表明,LED光谱调控应用到农业与生物领域具有可行性,可替代荧光灯大范围应用于设施育苗、芽苗菜生产中。
The application of light-emitting diode (LED) in agriculture and bio-industry has been concerned by all over the world along with the development of LED technology. LED not only has many advantages, such as small size, long life, low energy consumption, securing wave length and low production of heat, but also can emit the exact spectrum based on the need of plant. LED can actualize a lot of functions, such as energy saving, environment protection and efficient space utilization, which can not be achieved by conventional light source.
Light spectrum plays an important role in plant development, morphogenesis, metabolism and gene expression. Application of light spectrum of LED on plantlets is important for plant cultivation and bud seeding vegetable In this thesis, rice and black pea seeds were tested to investigate the effects of light spectrum on growth of plantlets in different stages.
The results are as follows:
1. Effects of light quality on growth and physiological characteristics of rice seedlings of'wuyunjing 7'and'kangyou 63'. The results suggested light quality had remarkable effects and significant difference on the growth of two rice cultivars at different growth stage. Under blue LED, the plant heights were restrained remarkably, but the soluble protein content of'wuyunjing 7'and healthy index of two rice cultivars at five leaf stage were increased significantly. Under red LED, the stem diameter and healthy index at three leaf stage were increased remarkably, and also the soluble sugar and starch contents were increased significantly at five leaf stage. Under red-blue LED, the root number, stem diameter, healthy index, root activity and soluble sugar content in roots of the seedlings at three leaf stage were significantly promoted, the fresh mass, dry mass, healthy index, soluble sugar and sucrose content in leaf at five leaf stage were increased remarkably. Under yellow LED, the plant height were significantly increased at the initial growth stage. Generally, the red-blue LED could be more benefit to culture strong seedlings.
2. Stomatal density were increased and catheter diameter was increased significantly under blue LED. Under red-blue LED, catheter number was increased, stomatal length and width had significant negative correlation, and the difference of stomatal length and width were decreased significantly. Under blue, yellow and red-blue LED, the Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo were higher than those of the control, but respiration rate was decreased significantly. qp,ΦPSⅡand ETR were increased significantly under blue and yellow LED. Under red light, respiration rate was decreased remarkably. Photo synthetic rate of the leaves were increased significantly under red LED.
3. Effects of Light intensity on growth and nutrient component of black bean sprouting seedlings were studied. From the experimental results, vitamin C was significantly increased. under the light intensity of 3μmol·m-2·s-1.The hypocotyls length, aboveground fresh mass, POD activity, soluble sugar and sucrose content were significantly increased. Under the light intensity of 3-9μmol·m-2·s-1, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and chlorophyll a+b content were increased remarkably. The content of hypocotyls diameter and amino acid were higher under the light intensity of 3～15μmol·m-2·s-1.The results suggested that the light intensity of 9μmol·m-2·s-1 could be more benefit to the growth of black bean sprouting seedlings.
4. There were significantly increased on morphological index, enzyme activity and amino acid at early growth stage, but protein content gradually decreased. The hypocotyls length, hypocotyls diameter, aboveground fresh mass, aboveground dry mass, chlorophyll content and sod activity reach a stable state after seven days, but cellulose content were increased significantly. The soluble sugar, sucrose and vitamin C content were gradually increased at early growth stage, but decreased after six days. The ash and cellulose content were increased remarkably after seven days. The reducing sugar content was decreased significantly with growing. The results suggested that it had better morphological index on the seventh day and higher nutrient components on the sixth day.
5. Blue light significantly increased aboveground fresh mass, hypocotyls elongation, hypocotyls diameter and POD activity in the black bean sprouting seedlings, maintained high vitamin C, vitamin E and protein content. Under red LED, aboveground dry mass were significantly increased chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and chlorophyll a+b content, SOD activity and POD activity were maintained effectively. Under red-blue LED, the aboveground fresh mass, aboveground dry mass and root length were increased remarkably. Under yellow LED, the fresh mass of hypocotyls was increased significantly. Aboveground fresh mass and root length and were increased remarkably. Generally, the blue LED could be more benefit to the growth of black bean sprouting seedlings.
6. Soluble sugar sucrose and starch content were increased significantly on 11 h-d-1 illumination. It was beneficial to the hypocotyls growth, ash and cellulose content were increased remarkably on 13 h-d-1. Chlorophyll a/b and amino acid content were increased significantly, but the content of MDA was decreased remarkably with increasing of the time of illumination. The results suggested that it had higher nutrient components on 11 h-d-1 illumination and better hypocotyls growth on 13 h-d-1 illumination.
In conclude, this study supported the feasibility of application of light spectrum regulation of LED on agriculture and bio-industry, which would replace fluorescent and be widely used in plant cultivation and bud seeding vegetable
引文
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