英国“国家挑战计划”初探
摘要
在世界各国对教育质量和教育公平日益关注的背景下,提高教育整体质量、改进薄弱学校成为各国重要的教育战略计划之一。英国新工党政府上台后把教育作为推动公共事业的政策基础,推出的薄弱学校改进政策引人注目。2008年6月10日,英国儿童与教育大臣爱德·鲍尔斯(Ed Balls)公布了英国“国家挑战计划”,这是继出台“学校改进战略”之后,英国政府改造薄弱学校的又一新举措。该计划继承并发展了在此之前英国薄弱学校的改进策略及理念,3年总经费达到4亿英镑,试图改变英国教育发展不均衡的现状。
本文在充分熟悉“国家挑战计划”之前的英国改造薄弱学校的政策、经验的基础之上,对英国“国家挑战计划”出台的背景进行深度探究,在掌握大量第一手资料的基础上对该计划的主要内容进行了归纳,总结了其实施一年多来取得的成效并附以改造成功的学校案例,再对该计划进行了特点分析,最后针对该计划面临的争议,深入挖掘该计划所蕴涵的对我国改造薄弱学校具有借鉴意义的因素。
文章分为五大部分：
第一部分主要探究了“国家挑战计划”出台的背景。在世界范围内各国对基础教育“公平而卓越”的新追求,布朗新政府继续坚持“中间路线”的执政理念,指出任何儿童掉队或使儿童失败的学校都是不能被接受的。此外,英国基础教育学校质量发展不均衡的现状,则是提出该计划的直接动因。
第二部分对“国家挑战计划”的主要内容进行了归纳。包括设立国家挑战顾问,建立信托学校和学院学校、吸引优秀教师到“国家挑战学校”任教、提高薄弱学校学生的学习信心与期望等措施。
第三部分总结了“国家挑战计划”实施一年多来取得的成效,选取了在2008-2009学年全英格兰进步最大的学校—佩利比奇斯中学作为案例。
第四部分对“国家挑战计划”进行了特点分析。该计划宏观上政府加强对薄弱学校的扶持；中观上有效整合社会、社区、学校等多方资源；微观上薄弱学校针对学生特点寻求破解之法。
第五部分深入挖掘“国家挑战计划”所蕴涵的对我国改造薄弱学校的启示,建立鉴别薄弱学校的有效指标,政府提供资金和管理技术支持,加强薄弱学校师资队伍建设,成立教育公益信托以及进行多方合作交流。
In the background of countries in the world increasing concern of the quality of education and educational equity,increasing the overall quality of education and Improving weak schools become one of the most important national strategic plans for education. The British New Labor government treats education as a politic foundation to promote public utilities, its improvement policy to the weak school is sticking. On June 10th,2008,Ed Balls,the minister of Children School and Family department declared the National Challenge,this is the latest measure of improving weak school in England after School Improve Strategy. The program has inherited and developed the school improvement strategy and philosophy, attempting to change the unbalanced situation of educational development. The total funding for 3 years reached 400 million pounds.
This paper explores the background of "National Challenge" deeply, on the basis of being fully familiar with the policy of weak school reform before "National Challenge"; summarizes the main elements of the plan on the basis of mastering a large number of first-hand information; summarizes the implementation of the plan achieved over the past year and attaches the cases of successful school reform. Then analyses the characteristics of the plan; Finally, this paper excavates factors with reference improving weak schools in China contained in the plan through the controversy which the plan faces.
The paper is divided into five:
The first part explores the background of "National Challenge" mainly:the new pursuit of basic education in many countries around the world is"fair and excellent"; The Brown's new government continues to adhere to the governing philosophy of "Middle line" and points that any child left behind or the school which made children fail are unacceptable; In addition, the development status of quality of basic education schools in the UK is unbalanced, this is the direct reason of proposing the plan.
The second part summarizes the main elements of "National Challenge".Including setting up National Challenge Adviser; establishing trust schools and academies; attracting outstanding teachers to teach in National Challenge schools and improving the confidence and expectations of students in weak schools.
The third part summarizes the implementation of National Challenge achieved over the past year, selects the most improved schools in England during 2008 and 2009-Perry Beeches School as successful case.
The fourth part analyses the characteristics of National Challenge:government strengthens the support for weak schools;integrate society, community, schools and other multi-resources effectively; weak schools searches methods according to the features of students.
The fifth part excavates factors with reference improving weak schools in China contained in National Challenge:establish an effective indicator to identify weak schools; government provide capital and management support; strengthen the construction of teaching Staff; establish education and charitable trust and do multi-party for cooperation and exchange.
本文在充分熟悉“国家挑战计划”之前的英国改造薄弱学校的政策、经验的基础之上,对英国“国家挑战计划”出台的背景进行深度探究,在掌握大量第一手资料的基础上对该计划的主要内容进行了归纳,总结了其实施一年多来取得的成效并附以改造成功的学校案例,再对该计划进行了特点分析,最后针对该计划面临的争议,深入挖掘该计划所蕴涵的对我国改造薄弱学校具有借鉴意义的因素。
文章分为五大部分：
第一部分主要探究了“国家挑战计划”出台的背景。在世界范围内各国对基础教育“公平而卓越”的新追求,布朗新政府继续坚持“中间路线”的执政理念,指出任何儿童掉队或使儿童失败的学校都是不能被接受的。此外,英国基础教育学校质量发展不均衡的现状,则是提出该计划的直接动因。
第二部分对“国家挑战计划”的主要内容进行了归纳。包括设立国家挑战顾问,建立信托学校和学院学校、吸引优秀教师到“国家挑战学校”任教、提高薄弱学校学生的学习信心与期望等措施。
第三部分总结了“国家挑战计划”实施一年多来取得的成效,选取了在2008-2009学年全英格兰进步最大的学校—佩利比奇斯中学作为案例。
第四部分对“国家挑战计划”进行了特点分析。该计划宏观上政府加强对薄弱学校的扶持；中观上有效整合社会、社区、学校等多方资源；微观上薄弱学校针对学生特点寻求破解之法。
第五部分深入挖掘“国家挑战计划”所蕴涵的对我国改造薄弱学校的启示,建立鉴别薄弱学校的有效指标,政府提供资金和管理技术支持,加强薄弱学校师资队伍建设,成立教育公益信托以及进行多方合作交流。
In the background of countries in the world increasing concern of the quality of education and educational equity,increasing the overall quality of education and Improving weak schools become one of the most important national strategic plans for education. The British New Labor government treats education as a politic foundation to promote public utilities, its improvement policy to the weak school is sticking. On June 10th,2008,Ed Balls,the minister of Children School and Family department declared the National Challenge,this is the latest measure of improving weak school in England after School Improve Strategy. The program has inherited and developed the school improvement strategy and philosophy, attempting to change the unbalanced situation of educational development. The total funding for 3 years reached 400 million pounds.
This paper explores the background of "National Challenge" deeply, on the basis of being fully familiar with the policy of weak school reform before "National Challenge"; summarizes the main elements of the plan on the basis of mastering a large number of first-hand information; summarizes the implementation of the plan achieved over the past year and attaches the cases of successful school reform. Then analyses the characteristics of the plan; Finally, this paper excavates factors with reference improving weak schools in China contained in the plan through the controversy which the plan faces.
The paper is divided into five:
The first part explores the background of "National Challenge" mainly:the new pursuit of basic education in many countries around the world is"fair and excellent"; The Brown's new government continues to adhere to the governing philosophy of "Middle line" and points that any child left behind or the school which made children fail are unacceptable; In addition, the development status of quality of basic education schools in the UK is unbalanced, this is the direct reason of proposing the plan.
The second part summarizes the main elements of "National Challenge".Including setting up National Challenge Adviser; establishing trust schools and academies; attracting outstanding teachers to teach in National Challenge schools and improving the confidence and expectations of students in weak schools.
The third part summarizes the implementation of National Challenge achieved over the past year, selects the most improved schools in England during 2008 and 2009-Perry Beeches School as successful case.
The fourth part analyses the characteristics of National Challenge:government strengthens the support for weak schools;integrate society, community, schools and other multi-resources effectively; weak schools searches methods according to the features of students.
The fifth part excavates factors with reference improving weak schools in China contained in National Challenge:establish an effective indicator to identify weak schools; government provide capital and management support; strengthen the construction of teaching Staff; establish education and charitable trust and do multi-party for cooperation and exchange.
引文
①The Annual Report of Her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Education, Children's Services and Skills 2007/08 [EB/OL].http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/Ofsted-home/News/Press-and-media/2008/November/The-Annual-Report-of-H
er-Majesty-s-Chief-Inspector-of-Education-Children-s-Services-and-Skills-2007-08[2009-04-20].
①Promoting excellence for all School Improvement Strategy:raising standards, supporting schools [EB/OL].http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/nationalchallenge/downloads/7714-DCSF-Excellence%20for%20all.pdf[2009-02-2 0].
②National Challenge:A toolkit for schools and local authorities[EB/OL]. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/nationalchallenge/downloads/7715-National%20ChallengeWEB.pdf[2009-02-20].
③National Challenge Advisers' Handbook[EB/OL]. http://nationalstrategies.standards.dcsf.gov.uk/node/150528?uc=force_uj[2009-04-20].
①National Challenge Support for Schools:Options for National Challenge Advisers[EB/OL]. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/nationalchallenge/supportforschools.shtml[2009-04-20].
②Trust Schools ToolkitfEB/OLl. http://www.emetonline.co.uk/events/Trust_Status/Consultation_Info/Trust_Schools_Toolkit.pdf[2009-06-7].
③National Challenge Trusts Guidance [EB/OL]. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/nationalchallenge/downloads/NCTguidance.pdf[2009-02-20]
④Academies. Trusts and Higher Education:prospectus [EB/OL].http://www.standards.dfes.gov.uk/academies/pdf/AcademiesTrustProspectus.pdf?version=1 [2009-02-20].
⑤Academies and Trusts:Opportunities for Schools, Sixth-form and FE Colleges [EB/OL].http://www.standards.dfes.gov.uk/academies/pdf/6thformFEcolleges.pdf?version=1 [2009-02-20].
①The Annual Report of Her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Education, Children's Services and Skills 2007/08 [EB/OL].http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/Ofsted-home/News/Press-and-media/2008/November/The-Annual-Report-of-Her-Majesty-s-Chief-Inspector-of-Education-Children-s-Services-and-Skills-2007-08[2009-04-20].
②Riddell.Richard.Schools in Trouble Again:A Critique of the National Challenge (2008)[J].Improving Schools, v12n1 p71-802009.
③Peter Matthews,Pam Sammons, Survival of the weakest:the differential improvement of schools causing concern in England[J].London Review of Education,3(2),2005,pp.159-176
④NicolaidouMaria, Ainscow.Mel.Understanding Failing Schools:Perspectives from the Inside[J].School Effectiveness and School Improvement, v16n3 p229-248 Sep 2005.
⑤Perryman, Jane. School Leadership and Management after Special Measures:Discipline without the Gaze? [J].School Leadership and Management v2S n3 p281-297 Aug 2005.
①The London Secondary SIP Toolkit http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/citychallenge/downloads/20081003LondonChallengeSIPToolkita.pdf[2009-05-20].
②Moving bevond the floor target A report on what made the difference in 20 previously low-attaining primary schools [EB/OL].http://nationalstrategies.standards.dcsf.gov.uk/node/88533[2004-04-20]
③杨军.英国促进基础教育均衡发展政策综述[J].外国教育研究,2005(12)：6-10.
①翟俊卿.英国<为了全体学生：更高的标准,更好的学校>白皮书评述[J].世界教育信息,2006(3)：16-20
②秦素粉.英国薄弱学校改进政策研究[D].华中师范大学,2007.
③颜婉芬,许明.英国公立中小学薄弱校的改进策略[J].教育与考试,2008(4)：81-86.
④李锐利.从失败走向成功-英国改进薄弱学校的措施对我国的启示[J].外国中小学教育,2003(2)：12-17.
⑤王艳玲.“教育行动区”计划-英国改造薄弱学校的有效尝试[J].全球教育展望,2004(9)：67-71.
⑥马德益.英国基础教育薄弱学校改革的市场化特征[J].外国教育研究,2005(4)：47-50.
①王艳玲.社区共建英国改造薄弱学校的新举措[J].外国教育研究,2005(4)：51-55.
②陆璟.伦敦基础教育均衡发展的机制及其启示[J].上海教育科研,2006(1)：26-30.
③秦素粉,朱宛霞.促进城市基础教育均衡发展的政策选择-英国“城市教育优异”(EiC)计划述评[J].上海教育科研,2007,(1)：14-16.
④刘熙.英国布朗政府教育改革新思维[J].世界教育信息,2008,(8)：12-15.
⑤杨光富.布朗政府中小学教育改革的三大举措明.教育发展研究,2008,(11)：64-65,68.
⑥苑大勇.英国布朗政府基础教育政策蓝图：<儿童计划>解读[J].基础教育参考,2008,(12)：31-34,37.
①李茂.出台“国家挑战”计划英国重拳治理薄弱中学[N].中国教师报,2008年6月23日.
②张济洲.“国家挑战”计划——英国政府改造薄弱学校的新举措[J].外国中小学教育,2008(10)：22-24,21.
③刘熙.全球金融危机背景下英国教育策略研究-英国政府白皮书<新机遇：迎接未来的公平机会>述评[J].世界教育信息,2009(4)：44-47.
④英国教育部着力推进信托学校计划[J].教育情报参考,2006(11).64.
⑤英国：信托学校促进学校发展[J].基础教育参考,2007(10)24.
⑥英教师协会警告“信托学校”的商业化[J].比较教育研究,2006(6)：93.
⑦詹盛如.英国学校体制之变革-以信托学校为例[C].教育资料集刊第四辑-2009年各国初等教育2009.163-184.
⑧谢锡美.教育公益信托：学校管理新模式[J].教育发展研究,2006(4B)：1-5.
①鄢晓宇,康建朝.英国“学校成绩差,将被关闭”惹争议[J].比较教育研究,2009(1)：91.
②高靓.优质校接管薄弱校：英国教育走向均衡?[N].中国教育报,2006年9月1日.
③李茂.是什么成就了“进步最大的学校”?[N].中国教育报,2009年1月21日第6版.
①孙远航.孙喜连.薄弱学校改造与发展[M].华东师范大学出版社,2006.10.
②韩家勋,孙玲.中等教育考试制度比较研究[M].人民教育出版社,1998.19-22.
③National Challenge:A toolkit for schools and local authorities[EB/OL]. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/nationalchallenge/downloads/7715-National%20ChallengeWEB.pdfI2009-02-201.
④National Challenge Advisers'Handbook[EB/OL].
http://nationalstrategies.standards.dcsf.gov.uk/node/150528?uc=force_uj[2009-04-20].
①The Education and Inspections Bill[EB/OL]. http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200506/cmbills/134/2006134.htm[2009-02-20].
②Academies, Trusts and Higher Education:prospectus[EB/OL]. http://www.standards.dfes.gov.uk/academies/pdf/AcademiesTrustProspectus.pdf?version=1[2009-02-20].
①刘熙.英国布朗政府教育改革新思维[J].世界教育信息,2008,(8)：12-15.
②中央教育科学研究所比较教育研究中心.世界教育发展的新趋势[J].比较教育研究,2002,(7)：7-8.
①张民选,朱兴德.公平而卓越：世界教育发展的新追求[J].教育发展研究,2008(19)：1-2.
①王凯.教育行动区：英国提高教育质量的新动向[J].比较教育研究,2003(11)：74-78.
②吴雪萍.新世纪英国教育发展的目标与策略述评[J].全球教育展望,2002(4)：77-80.
①刘熙.英国布朗政府教育改革新思维.[J]世界教育信息,2008(8)：12-15.
①单中惠.当代英国基础教育政策及其影响浅析[J].外国教育研究.2007(2)：30-34.
②刘熙.英国布朗政府教育改革新思维[J].世界教育信息,2008(8)：12-15.
③张民选,朱兴德.公平而卓越：世界教育发展的新追求[J].教育发展研究,2008(19)：1-2.
①杨光富,张宏菊.英国布朗政府中小学教育改革的三大举措[J].教育发展研究,2008(11)：64-65,68.
①Promoting excellence for all School Improvement Strategy:raising standards, supporting schools[EB/OLl. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/nationalchallenge/downloads/7714-DCSF-Excellence%20for%20all.pdf[2009-02-20].
②National Challenge:A toolkit for schools and local authorities[EB/OL]. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/nationalchallenge/downloads/7715-National%20ChallengeWEB.pdf[2009-02-20].
③National Challenge Advisers' Handbook[EB/OL] http://nationalstrategies.standards.dcsf.gov.uk/node/150528?uc=force_uj [2009-04-20].
①National Challenge Advisers'Handbook[EB/OL]. http://nationalstrategies.standards.dcsf.gov.uk/node/150528?uc=force_uj [2009-04-20].
①National Challenge Advisers' Handbook [EB/OL].http://nationalstrategies.standards.dcsf.gov.uk/node/150528?uc=force_uj [2009-04-20].
①Raising Attainment Plan(RAP) Management Guide [EB/OL].http://nationalstrategies.standards.dcsf.gov.uk/node/170577[2009-04-20].
①National Challenge:A toolkit for schools and local authorities[EB/OL]. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/nationalchallenge/downloads/7715-National%20ChallengeWEB.pdf[2009-02-20].
②詹盛如.英国学校体制之变革-以信托学校为例[C].教育资料集刊第四辑-2009年各国初等教育,2009.163-170.
③National Challenge Trusts Guidance[EB/OL]. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/nationalchallenge/downloads/NCTguidance.pdf[2009-02-20].
①National Challenge Trusts Guidance[EB/OL]. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/nationalchallenge/downloads/NCTguidance.pdf[2009-02-20]
①National Challenge Trusts Guidance[EB/OL]. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/nationalchallenge/downloads/NCTguidance.pdf[2009-02-20]
②詹盛如.英国学校体制之变革-以信托学校为例[C].教育资料集刊第四辑-2009年各国初等教育,2009.163-170.
①张济洲.“国家挑战”计划——英国政府改造薄弱学校的新举措[J].外国中小学教育,2008(10)：22-24,21.
②The Academies Programme [EB/OL],http://www.nao.org.uk/publications/0607/the_academies_programme.aspx[2009-09-20].
①Academies [EB/OL]. http://www.standards.dfes.gov.uk/academies/what are academies/management/?version=1[2009-09-201.
②Academies sponsorship[EB/OL]. http://www.standards.dfes.gov.uk/academies/what_are_academies/sponsorship/?version=1 [2009-09-20].
①张济洲.“国家挑战”计划——英国政府改造薄弱学校的新举措[J].外国中小学教育,2008(10)：22-24,21.
②National Challenge Support for Schools:Options for National Challenge Advisers [EB/OL].http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/nationalchallenge/supportforschools.shtml.[2009-04-20].
①李茂.英国吸引优秀教师有新招[N].中国教师报,2003年9月17日.
②National Challenge Support for Schools:Options for National Challenge Advisers [EB/OL].http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/nationalchallenge/supportforschools.shtml.[2009-04-20].
③李茂.英国要使每名教师都成硕士[EB/OL].http://www.nbedu.gov.cn/article/show_article.asp?ArticleID=29193.[2009-09-20].
④New opportunities:Fair chances for the future Presented to Parliament by the Minister for the Cabinet Office by Command of Her Majesty,January 2009 [EB/OL].http://www.hmg.gov.uk/media/9102/NewOpportunities.pdf[2009-09-20].
①National Challenge Support for Schools:Options for National Challenge Advisers [EB/OL].http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/nationalchallenge/supportforschools.shtml.[2009-04-20].
①蒋建微.英国试行“一对一教学”[J].上海教育,2007(09A)：34.
②曹秀娟.额外努力,英国帮扶处境不利学生[N].中国教育报,2009年7月7日(3).
①Tutor's notes 6a:Encouraging people to get into HE [EB/OL].http://www.teachernet.gov.uk/teachingandlearning/aimhigher/tutors/whatisHE/encourage/tutorsnotes6a/.[20 09-09-20]
②National Challenge Support for Schools:Options for National Challenge Advisers [EB/OL].http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/nationalchallenge/supportforschools.shtml.[2009-04-20].
①DCSF.SCHOOLS SECRETARY ED BALLS THANKS SIR MIKE TOMLINSON AS HE RETIRES AS CHIEF ADVISER FOR LONDON SCHOOLS[EB/OL]. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/pns/DisplayPN.cgi?pn_id=2009_0080[2009-08-20].
②DCSF.SCHOOLS SECRETARY ED BALLS THANKS SIR MIKE TOMLINSON AS HE RETIRES AS CHIEF ADVISER FOR LONDON SCHOOLS [EB/OL].http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/pns/DisplayPN.cgi?pn_id=2009_0080. [2009-08-20]
③李茂.英国治理薄弱校见成效“国家挑战学校”数量减少[N].中国教师报,2009年01月21日.
①DCSF.TAILORED PLANS FOR NATIONAL CHALLENGE SCHOOLS AGREED[EB/OL]. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/pns/DisplayPN.cgi?pn_id=2009_0009.[2009-08-20]
②DCSF. Academies Evaluation Fifth Annual Report[EB/OL]. http://www.standards.dfes.gov.uk/academies/pdf/Academies5thAnnualReport.pdf?version=1.[2009-08-20]
③DCSF.RECORD INVESTMENT PAYS DIVIDENDS AS ACHIEVEMENT GAP NARROWSrEB/OL]. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/pns/DisplayPN.cgi?pn_id=2009_0008.[2009-08-20]
①DCSF.SIX MORE PROJECTS MAINTAIN PACE OF ACADEMY PROGRAMMErEB/OLl. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/pns/DisplayPN.cgi?pn id=2009_0039. [2009-08-20]
②Andrew Curtis, Sonia Exley, Amanda Sasia, Sarah Tough and Geoff Whitty Institute of Education, University of London.The Academies programme:Progress, problems and possibilities [EB/OL].http://www.suttontrust.com/reports/AcademiesReportFinal.pdf. [2009-08-20]
③李茂.是什么成就了“进步最大的学校”[N].中国教师报,2009年01月21日.
①Ofsted. Perry Beeches School Inspection report 2007[EB/OL]. http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/oxedu_reports/download/(id)/88842/(as)/103492_286677.pdf.[2009-04-20]
②Ofsted. Perry Beeches School Inspection report 2008[EB/OL]. http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/oxedu_reports/download/(id)/95727/(as)/103492_322365.pdf.[2009-04-20]
①李茂.是什么成就了“进步最大的学校”[N].中国教师报,2009年01月21日.
①联合国教科文组织.王晓辉、赵中建译.《为了21世纪的教育-问题与展望》[M].北京：教育科学出版社,2002：202.
②(加拿大)迈克·富兰.变革的力量：透视教育改革[M].北京：教育科学出版社,2000：270.
③(加拿大)迈克·富兰.变革的力量：透视教育改革[M].北京：教育科学出版社,2000：285.
④袁振国.教育政策学.[M].南京：江苏教育出版社,2000：41-47.
①(加拿大)迈克尔·富兰著,赵中建,陈霞,李敏译.教育变革新意义(第三版)[M].北京：教育科学出版社,2005：76.
②DCSF.NATIONAL CHALLENGE STRATEGY LAUNCHED TO ENSURE MORE CHILDREN GET BETTER GCSEs [EB/OL].http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/pns/DisplayPN.cgi?pn_id=2008_0109.[2009-08-20]
③DCSF.NUMBER OF NATIONAL CHALLENGE SCHOOLS DOWN [EB/OL]. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/pns/DisplayPN.cgi?pn_id=2009_0007.[2009-08-20]
④秦素粉.英国薄弱学校改进政策研究[D].华中师范大学,2007.30-31.
①(加拿大)迈克·富兰.变革的力量：透视教育改革[M].北京：教育科学出版社,2000,117-118.
①DCSF.FIRST NATIONAL CHALLENGE TRUSTS TO TRANSFORM SCHOOLS [EB/OL].http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/pns/DisplayPN.cgi?pn_id=2008_0211.[2009-08-20]
②孙德芳.英国提升薄弱学校质量的举措[J].中国教育学刊,2009(6)：9.
①鄢晓宇,康建朝.英国学校成绩差,将被关闭惹争议.比较教育研究,2009(1)：91.
②鄢晓宇,康建朝.英国学校成绩差,将被关闭惹争议.比较教育研究,2009(1)：92.
①(加拿大)迈克·富兰.变革的力量：透视教育改革[M].北京：教育科学出版社,2000,291.
[1]冯大鸣.美、英、澳教育管理前沿图景[M].北京：教育科学出版社,2004.
[2]弗朗西斯·C·福勒著,许庆豫译.教育政策学导论(第二版)[M].南京：江苏教育出版社,2007.
[3]韩家勋,孙玲.中等教育考试制度比较研究[M].北京：人民教育出社,1998.
[4]靳希斌.市场经济大潮下的教育改革[M].广州：广东教育出版社,1998.
[5](英)杰夫·惠迪,萨莉·鲍尔,大卫·哈平著；马忠虎译.教育中的放权与择校：学校、政府和市场[M].北京：教育科学出版社,2003.
[6]李家永.当今英国教育概览[M].郑州：河南教育出版社.1994.
[7]联合国教科文组织,王晓辉,赵中建译.为了21世纪的教育-问题与展望[M].北京：教育科学出版社,2002.
[8]吕达,周满生.当代教育外国改革著名文献(英国卷·第二册)[M].北京：人民教育出版,2004.
[9]马建生.公平与效率的抉择：美国学校市场化改革研究.[M].北京：教育科学出版社,2003.
[10](加)迈克尔·富兰著,赵中建,陈霞,李敏译.教育变革新意义(第三版)[M].北京：教育科学出版社,2005.
[11](加拿大)迈克·富兰.变革的力量：透视教育改革[M].北京：教育科学出版社,2000.
[12]斯蒂芬·.鲍尔.政治与教育政策制定：政策社会学探索[M].上海：华东师范大学出版社,2003.
[13]孙河川,高鸿源.从薄弱走向优质：欧盟国家薄弱学校改进之路[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2006.
[14]孙远航.薄弱学校改造与发展[M].上海：华东师范大学出版社,2006.
[15]王承绪,徐辉.战后英国教育研究[M].南昌：江西教育出版社,1992.
[16]威廉·G-坎宁安著,赵中建译.教育管理：基于问题的方法[M].南京：江苏教育出版社,2002.
[17](美)约翰·E·丘伯著,蒋衡等译.政治、市场和学校[M].北京：教育科学出版社,2003.
[18](美)约瑟夫·费瑟斯通等著；王小宇,周常明译.见证民主教育的希望与失败[M]. 上海：华东师范大学出版社,2005.
[19]翟博.教育均衡论：中国基础教育均衡发展实证分析[M].北京：人民教育出版社,2008.
[20]郑杰.改造学校待何时:“另类”校长-家言[M].上海：华东师范大学出版社,2006.
[21]朱家存.教育均衡发展政策研究[M].北京：中国社会科学出版社,2004.
[22]祝怀新.英国基础教育[M].广州：广东教育教育出版社,2003.
[1]窦红平.薄弱学校出路的探究[J].现代教育科学.2006(2).
[2]范先佐.农村学校布局调整与教育的均衡发展[J].教育发展研究,2008(7).
[3]高鸿源.学者参与薄弱学校改进工作中自身的知识管理[J].当代教育论坛,2008(2).
[4]贺武华,杨小芳.薄弱学校发展的社会学解释[J].教育发展研究,2006(4B).
[5]姜美玲.学校改革的影响因素分析-英国“失败学校”改进的独特措施及启示[J].外国教育研究,2005(1).
[6]李锐利.从失败走向成功-英国改进薄弱学校的措施对我国的启示[J].外国中小学教育,2003(2).
[7]刘荣飞,徐士强.关于引导外部优质资源介入薄弱学校管理的讨论[J].上海教育科研2007(12).
[8]刘熙.全球金融危机背景下英国教育策略研究-英国政府白皮书<新机遇：迎接未来的公平机会>述评[J].世界教育信息,2009(4).
[9]刘熙.英国布朗政府教育改革新思维[J].世界教育信息,2008,(8).
[10]卢乃桂,柯政.教育政策研究的类别、特征和启示[J].比较教育研究,2007(2).
[11]陆璟.伦敦基础教育均衡发展的机制及其启示[J].上海教育科研,2006(1).
[12]路光远.内涵发展：薄弱学校更新之路[J].全球教育展望,2005(4).
[13]马德益.英国基础教育薄弱学校改革的市场化特征[J].外国教育研究,2005(4).
[14]毛伟宾.试论薄弱学校的提升与改善[J].济南教育学院学报,2004,(1).
[15]孟卫青.教育政策分析：价值、内容与过程[J].现代教育论丛,2008(5).
[16]秦素粉、朱宛霞.促进城市基础教育均衡发展的政策选择-英国“城市教育优异”(EiC)计划述评[J].上海教育科研,2007,(1).
[17]田莉.“灯塔学校”英国推广优质教学的有益尝试[J].基础教育参考,2007,(2).
[18]田凌晖.薄弱学校改造的政策及实现路径：：美国的经验[J].上海教育科研 2007(12).
[19]王丽华.薄弱学校改进的个案研究[J].教育发展研究,2007(10B).
[20]王艳玲.“教育行动区”计划-英国改造薄弱学校的有效尝试[J].全球教育展望,2004(9).
[21]王艳玲.社区共建英国改造薄弱学校的新举措[J].外国教育研究,2005(4).
[22]吴雪萍,陈洁.英国普通中等教育证书考试改革探析[J].外国教育研究,2008(5).
[23]吴雪萍.新世纪英国教育发展目标与策略述评[J].全球教育展望,2002(4).
[24]谢锡美.教育公益信托：学校管理新模式[J].教育发展研究,2006(4B).
[25]颜婉芬、许明.英国公立中小学薄弱校的改进策略[J].教育与考试,2008(4).
[26]杨琼.学校效能与学校改革：对英国最新研究成果的述评[J].外国教育研究,2003(12).
[27]杨光富.布朗政府中小学教育改革的三大举措[J].教育发展研究,2008,(11).
[28]杨军.英国促进基础教育均衡发展政策综述[J].外国教育研究,2005(12).
[29]易红郡.追求平等与提高质量：二战后英国中等教育改革的基本理念[J].外国教育研究,2005(1).
[30]苑大勇.英国布朗政府基础教育政策蓝图：<儿童计划>解读[J].基础教育参考,2008,(12).
[31]·翟俊卿.英国<为了全体学生：更高的标准,更好的学校>白皮书评述[J].世界教育信息,2006(3).
[32]张济洲.“国家挑战”计划——英国政府改造薄弱学校的新举措[J].外国中小学教育,2008(10).
[33]张济洲.实施“国家挑战计划”：英国政府改造薄弱学校的新举措[J].上海教育,2008(10A).
[34]张茂聪,褚金光.教育组团：区域教育均衡发展的新途径——山东省广饶县教育均衡发展的实践探索[J].教育研究,2008(4).
[35]张民选,朱兴德.公平而卓越：世界教育发展的新追求[J].教育发展研究,2008(19).
[36]朱红霞.重构与接管：美国改进薄弱学校的策略[J].中小学管理,2004(1).
[37]丁笑梅.英国学校发展性督导评价改革研究[D].上海：华东师范大学,2002,5.
[38]高靓.优质校接管薄弱校：英国教育走向均衡[N].中国教育报,2006年9月1日.
[39]李茂.出台“国家挑战”计划英国重拳治理薄弱中学[N].中国教师报,2008年6月23日.
[40]李茂.是什么成就了“进步最大的学校”?[N].中国教育报,2009年1月21日 第6版.
[41]刘庆华.英国示范学校研究-政策分析的视角[D].北京：首都师范大学,2003,7.
[42]秦素粉.英国薄弱学校改进政策研究[D].华中师范大学,2007.
[43]王渲.英国特色学校政策研究[D].北京：首都师范大学,2004.5.
[44]英国：信托学校促进学校发展.基础教育参考,2007(10).
[45]英国学校成绩差,将被关闭惹争议.比较教育研究,2009(1).
[46]英国教育部着力推进信托学校计划.教育情报参考,2006(11).
[47]英教师协会警告“信托学校”的商业化.比较教育研究,2006(6).
[48]袁彩哲.薄弱学核改造中的问题与发展对策研究-以江苏省泰兴市洋思初中为个案[D].北碚：西南师范大学,2005.
[49]2008年十大国际教育新闻发布[EB/OL]http://fcdxx.bjchyedu.cn/fcd/Documents/jsdw/jybl/11F6D5D2E0C.htm?%7B739B 24FB-2E3A-44BE-8C2B-AF74832939AC%7D[2009-2-13].
[50]面对全球经济危机英国如何调整其教育发展策略——英国政府发布《新机遇：迎接未来的公平机会》白皮书[EB/OL]http://www.bjesr.cn/esrnet/site/002880012055662ef4.ahtml[2009-3-30].
[51]李茂.布莱尔给英国教育留下了什么[EB/OL]http://www.fjzzjy.gov.cn/newsInfo.aspx?pkId=48873[2009-3-23].
[1]Academies[EB/OL].http://www.standards.dfes.gov.uk/academies/what_are_ academies /management/?version=1[2009-09-20].
[2]Academies and Trusts:Opportunities for Schools, Sixth-form and FE Colleges [EB/OL].http://www.standards.dfes.gov.uk/academies/pdf/6thformFEcolleges.pdf? version=1[2009-02-20].
[3]Academies sponsorship [EB/OL].http://www.standards.dfes.gov.uk/academies/what_are_ academies/sponsorship/?version=1[2009-09-20].
[4]Academies, Trusts and Higher Education:prospectus[EB/OL].http://www.standards. dfes.gov.uk/academies/pdf/AcademiesTrustProspectus.pdf?version=1[2009-02-20].
[5]Alma Harris, Daniel Muijs.Improving schools through teacher leadership [M]. McGraw-Hill International,2005.
[6]Andrew Curtis, Sonia Exley, Amanda Sasia, Sarah Tough and Geoff Whitty Institute of Education, University of London.The Academies programme:Progress, problems andpossibilities[EB/OL].http://www.suttontrust.com/reports/AcademiesReport Final.pdf. [2009-08-20]
[7]Beatriz Pont, Deborah Nusche, Hunter Moorman. Improving School Leadership: Policy and practice[M].OECD Publishing,2008.
[8]Clarke, Paul.Sustainability and Improvement:A Problem "of" Education and"for" Education[J].Improving Schools, v12 n1 pll-172009
[9]DCSF. Academies Evaluation Fifth Annual Report[EB/OL]. http://www.standards.dfes.gov.uk/academies/pdf/Academies5thAnnualReport.pdf? version=1.[2009-08-20].
[10]DCSF.FIRST NATIONAL CHALLENGE TRUSTS TO TRANSFORM SCHOOLS [EB/OL].http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/pns/DisplayPN.cgi?pn_id=2008_0211.[2009-08-20].
[11]DCSF.NATIONAL CHALLENGE STRATEGY LAUNCHED TO ENSURE MORE CHILDREN GET BETTER GCSEs [EB/OL]. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/pns/DisplayPN.cgi?pn_id=2008_0109.[2009-08-20].
[12]DCSF.NUMBER OF NATIONAL CHALLENGE SCHOOLS DOWN [EB/OL]. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/pns/DisplayPN.cgi?pn_id=2009_0007.[2009-08-20].
[13]DCSF.RECORD INVESTMENT PAYS DIVIDENDS AS ACHIEVEMENT GAP NARROWS[EB/OL]. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/pns/DisplayPN.cgi?pn_id=2009_0008.[2009-08-20].
[14]DCSF.SCHOOLS SECRETARY ED BALLS THANKS SIR MIKE TOMLINSON AS HE RETIRES AS CHIEF ADVISER FOR LONDON SCHOOLS[EB/OL]. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/pns/DisplayPN.cgi?pn_id=2009_0080.[2009-08-20].
[15]DCSF.SIX MORE PROJECTS MAINTAIN PACE OF ACADEMY PROGRAMME[EB/OL]. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/pns/DisplayPN.cgi?pn_id=2009_0039.[2009-08-20].
[16]DCSF.TAILORED PLANS FOR NATIONAL CHALLENGE SCHOOLS AGREED[EB/OL]. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/pns/DisplayPN.cgi?pn_id=2009_0009.[2009-08-20].
[17]Debden Park High School, Essex:rapid recovery from failure EB/OL]. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/nationalchallenge/downloads/7717-DCSF-Nat% 20Chall-Debden%20Park.pdf[2009-04-20].
[18]Guidance on the Acquisition of a Trust and the Acquisition of a Majority of Governors appointed by the Trust[EB/OL]. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/consultations/downloadableDocs/Guidance%20on%20the %20Acquisition%20of%20a%20Trust%20and%20the%20Acquisition%20of%20a %20Majority%20of%20Governors%20appointed%20by%20the%20Trust.doc[200 9-06-07].
[19]Gunter, Helen; Woods, Philip;Woods, Glenys.Researching Academies in England[J].Management in Education, v22 n4 p3-7 2008.
[20]Jane McGregor, Pat Thomson. Changing schools:more than a lick of paint and a well-orchestrated performance? [J].Improving Schools,Vol.12, No.1,43-57 (2009)
[21]Kenneth A. Leithwood,. Robert Aitken. Making schools smarter:leading with evidence[M].Corwin Press,2006.
[22]Meg Maguire,Simon Pratt-Adams. Improving the English urban primary school: questions of policy[J].Improving Schools, Vol.12,No.1,81-92 (2009).
[23]Milbrey Wallin McLaughlin, Joan E. Talbert.Building school-based teacher learning communities:professional strategies to improve student achievement[M]. Teachers College Press,2006.[13]Moving beyond the floor target A report on what made the difference in 20 previously low-attaining primary schools [EB/OL].http://nationalstrategies.standards.dcsf.gov.uk/node/88533[2009-04-20].
[24]National Challenge Advisers'Handbook[EB/OL]. http://nationalstrategies.standards.dcsf.gov.uk/node/150528?uc=force_uj [2009-04-20].
[25]National Challenge:A toolkit for schools and local authorities[EB/OL]. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/nationalchallenge/downloads/7715-National%20Challenge WEB.pdf[2009-02-20].
[26]National Challenge Support for Schools:Options for National Challenge Advisers [EB/OL].http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/nationalchallenge/supportforschools.shtml [2009-04-20].
[27]National Challenge Trusts Guidance[EB/OL]. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/nationalchallenge/downloads/NCTguidance.pdf[2009-02-20]
[28]New opportunities:Fair chances for the future Presented to Parliament by the Minister for the Cabinet Office by Command of Her Majesty,January 2009 [EB/OL].http://www.hmg.gov.uk/media/9102/NewOpportunities.pdfI2009-09-20].
[29]Nicolaidou.Maria; Ainscow.Mel.Understanding Failing Schools:Perspectives from the Inside [J].School Effectiveness and School Improvement, vl6n3 p229-248 Sep 2005.
[30]Ofsted. Blacon High School Inspection report 2006[EB/OL]. http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/oxedu_reports/download/(id)/60368/(as)/111396_278679 .pdf[2006-01-12]
[31]Ofsted. Blacon High School Inspection report 2009[EB/OL]. http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/oxedu_reports/download/(id)/107079/(as)/111396_32537 1.pdfI2009-03-12]
[32]Ofsted. Perry Beeches School Inspection report 2007[EB/OL]. http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/oxedu_reports/download/(id)/88842/(as)/103492_286677 .pdf. [2009-04-20]
[33]Ofsted. Perry Beeches School Inspection report 2008[EB/OL]. http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/oxedu_reports/download/(id)/95727/(as)/103492_322365 .pdf. [2009-04-20]
[34]Ofsted. Perry Beeches School Inspection report 2008[EB/OL]. http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/oxedu_reports/download/(id)/100611/(as)/103492_32384 1.pdf[2008-09-25]
[35]Perryman, Jane. School Leadership and Management after Special Measures: Discipline without the Gaze? [J].School Leadership and Management v2S n3 p28Ⅰ-297 Aug 2005.
[36]Peter Lorange. New vision for management education:leadership challenges [M]. Emerald Group Publishing,2002.
[37]Peter Matthews,Pam Sammons, Survival of the weakest:the differential improvement of schools causing concern in England [J].London Review of Education,3(2),2005, pp.159-176
[38]P. Gayle Andrews, Vincent A. Anfara. Leaders for a movement:professional preparation and development of middle level teachers and administrators[M]. Information Age Publishing,2003,
[39]Promoting excellence for all School Improvement Strategy:raising standards, supporting schools[EB/OL]. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/nationalchallenge/downloads/7714-DCSF-Excellence%20f or%20all.pdf[2009-02-20].
[40]Raising Attainment Plan(RAP)Management Guide[EB/OL]. http://nationalstrategies.standards.dcsf.gov.uk/node/170577[2009-04-20].
[41]Riddell, Richard.Schools in Trouble Again:A Critique of the National Challenge (2008) [J].Improving Schools, v12 n1 p71-80 2009.
[42]Riddell, Richard. Survival of the weakest:the differential improvement of schools causing concern in England [J].Improving Schools,2009v12 n1 p71-80
[43]Sammons, Pam.Zero Tolerance of Failure and New Labour Approaches to School Improvement in England[J].Oxford Review of Education, v34 n6 p651-664 Dec 2008
[44]Staying Safe:Action Plan[EB/OL]. http://publications.teachernet.gov.uk/eOrderingDownload/DCSF-00151-2008.pd [2009-02-20].
[45]Terry Wrigley. The state of England's schools:critical voices[J].Improving Schools, Mar 2009;vol.12:pp.3-9.
[46]The Academies Programme[EB/OL]. http://www.nao.org.uk/publications/0607/the_academies_programme.aspx[2009-09-20].
[47]The Annual Report of Her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Education, Children's Services and Skills 2007/08 [EB/OL]. http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/Ofsted-home/News/Press-and-media/2008/November/Th e-Annual-Report-of-Her-Majesty-s-Chief-Inspector-of-Education-Children-s-Servi ces-and-Skills-2007-08[2009-04-20].
[48]The Children's Plan Building Brighter Futures-Summary[EB/OL]. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/publications/childrensplan/downloads/Childrens_Plan_Exe cutive_Summary.pdf[2009-02-20].
[49]The Education and Inspections Bill [EB/OL]. http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200506/cmbills/134/2006134.htm[20 09-02-20].
[50]The London Secondary SIP Toolkit[EB/OL]. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/citychallenge/downloads/20081003LondonChallengeSIPT oolkita.pdf[2009-05-20].
[51]Theodore J. Kowalski.The School Superintendent:Theory, Practice, and Cases[M]. SAGE,2005.
[52]The PM Gordon Brown Speech on Education at the University of Greenwich [EB/OL].http://www.number-10.gov.uk/output/Page13675.asp.[2007-10-26]
[53]Tony Townsend. International Handbook of School Effectiveness and Improvement[M].Springer Netherlands (Volume 17),2007.
[54]Trust Schools Toolkit[EB/OL]. http://www.emetonline.co.uk/events/Trust_Status/Consultation_Info/Trust_Schools Toolkit.pdf[2009-06-7].
[55]Tutor's notes 6a:Encouraging people to get into HE[EB/OL]. http://www.teachemet.gov.uk/teachingandleaming/aimhigher/tutors/whatisHE/enc ourage/tutorsnotes6a/.[2009-09-20]
[56]Wayne K. Hoy, Cecil G Miskel. Contemporary issues in educational policy and school outcomes[M].Information Age Publishing,2006,
[57]William G. Howell, Paul E.Peterson, The education gap:vouchers and urban schools[M].Brookings Institution Press,2006.
[58]Written Ministerial Statement on Machinery of Government Change[EB/OL]. http://www.pm.gov.uk/output/page12181.asp.[2007-10-16].
[1]英国儿童、学校、家庭部网站http：//www.dxsf.gov.uk/
[2]英国儿童、学校、家庭部网站中关于“国家挑战计划”的专门网站http://www. dcsf. gov.uk/nationalchallenge/downloads.shtml
[3]英国教育标准局网站http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/
[4]英国时代在线网站http://www.timesonline.co.uk/
[5]英国教师网http://www.teachemet.gov.uk/
[6]英国学校培训和发展机构网站http://www.tda.gov.uk/about/newsletter/apr2008/chiefexecutive.aspx
[7]英国BBC新闻网http://news.bbc.co.uk/
[8]英国佩利比奇斯中学网站http://web.perrybs.bham.sch.uk/index.php
[9]美国教育资源信息网http://www.eric.ed.gov/
[10]北京教育科研网http://www.bjesr.cn/esmet/site/0014e0011ffd8edf89.ahtml
[11]http://nationalstrategies.standards.dcsf.gov.uk/leadership/nationalchallenge
[12]http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/table/2009/feb/16/schools
[13]http://www.northumberland.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=1695
[14]http://www.standards.dcsf.gov.uk/?version=1
er-Majesty-s-Chief-Inspector-of-Education-Children-s-Services-and-Skills-2007-08[2009-04-20].
①Promoting excellence for all School Improvement Strategy:raising standards, supporting schools [EB/OL].http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/nationalchallenge/downloads/7714-DCSF-Excellence%20for%20all.pdf[2009-02-2 0].
②National Challenge:A toolkit for schools and local authorities[EB/OL]. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/nationalchallenge/downloads/7715-National%20ChallengeWEB.pdf[2009-02-20].
③National Challenge Advisers' Handbook[EB/OL]. http://nationalstrategies.standards.dcsf.gov.uk/node/150528?uc=force_uj[2009-04-20].
①National Challenge Support for Schools:Options for National Challenge Advisers[EB/OL]. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/nationalchallenge/supportforschools.shtml[2009-04-20].
②Trust Schools ToolkitfEB/OLl. http://www.emetonline.co.uk/events/Trust_Status/Consultation_Info/Trust_Schools_Toolkit.pdf[2009-06-7].
③National Challenge Trusts Guidance [EB/OL]. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/nationalchallenge/downloads/NCTguidance.pdf[2009-02-20]
④Academies. Trusts and Higher Education:prospectus [EB/OL].http://www.standards.dfes.gov.uk/academies/pdf/AcademiesTrustProspectus.pdf?version=1 [2009-02-20].
⑤Academies and Trusts:Opportunities for Schools, Sixth-form and FE Colleges [EB/OL].http://www.standards.dfes.gov.uk/academies/pdf/6thformFEcolleges.pdf?version=1 [2009-02-20].
①The Annual Report of Her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Education, Children's Services and Skills 2007/08 [EB/OL].http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/Ofsted-home/News/Press-and-media/2008/November/The-Annual-Report-of-Her-Majesty-s-Chief-Inspector-of-Education-Children-s-Services-and-Skills-2007-08[2009-04-20].
②Riddell.Richard.Schools in Trouble Again:A Critique of the National Challenge (2008)[J].Improving Schools, v12n1 p71-802009.
③Peter Matthews,Pam Sammons, Survival of the weakest:the differential improvement of schools causing concern in England[J].London Review of Education,3(2),2005,pp.159-176
④NicolaidouMaria, Ainscow.Mel.Understanding Failing Schools:Perspectives from the Inside[J].School Effectiveness and School Improvement, v16n3 p229-248 Sep 2005.
⑤Perryman, Jane. School Leadership and Management after Special Measures:Discipline without the Gaze? [J].School Leadership and Management v2S n3 p281-297 Aug 2005.
①The London Secondary SIP Toolkit http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/citychallenge/downloads/20081003LondonChallengeSIPToolkita.pdf[2009-05-20].
②Moving bevond the floor target A report on what made the difference in 20 previously low-attaining primary schools [EB/OL].http://nationalstrategies.standards.dcsf.gov.uk/node/88533[2004-04-20]
③杨军.英国促进基础教育均衡发展政策综述[J].外国教育研究,2005(12)：6-10.
①翟俊卿.英国<为了全体学生：更高的标准,更好的学校>白皮书评述[J].世界教育信息,2006(3)：16-20
②秦素粉.英国薄弱学校改进政策研究[D].华中师范大学,2007.
③颜婉芬,许明.英国公立中小学薄弱校的改进策略[J].教育与考试,2008(4)：81-86.
④李锐利.从失败走向成功-英国改进薄弱学校的措施对我国的启示[J].外国中小学教育,2003(2)：12-17.
⑤王艳玲.“教育行动区”计划-英国改造薄弱学校的有效尝试[J].全球教育展望,2004(9)：67-71.
⑥马德益.英国基础教育薄弱学校改革的市场化特征[J].外国教育研究,2005(4)：47-50.
①王艳玲.社区共建英国改造薄弱学校的新举措[J].外国教育研究,2005(4)：51-55.
②陆璟.伦敦基础教育均衡发展的机制及其启示[J].上海教育科研,2006(1)：26-30.
③秦素粉,朱宛霞.促进城市基础教育均衡发展的政策选择-英国“城市教育优异”(EiC)计划述评[J].上海教育科研,2007,(1)：14-16.
④刘熙.英国布朗政府教育改革新思维[J].世界教育信息,2008,(8)：12-15.
⑤杨光富.布朗政府中小学教育改革的三大举措明.教育发展研究,2008,(11)：64-65,68.
⑥苑大勇.英国布朗政府基础教育政策蓝图：<儿童计划>解读[J].基础教育参考,2008,(12)：31-34,37.
①李茂.出台“国家挑战”计划英国重拳治理薄弱中学[N].中国教师报,2008年6月23日.
②张济洲.“国家挑战”计划——英国政府改造薄弱学校的新举措[J].外国中小学教育,2008(10)：22-24,21.
③刘熙.全球金融危机背景下英国教育策略研究-英国政府白皮书<新机遇：迎接未来的公平机会>述评[J].世界教育信息,2009(4)：44-47.
④英国教育部着力推进信托学校计划[J].教育情报参考,2006(11).64.
⑤英国：信托学校促进学校发展[J].基础教育参考,2007(10)24.
⑥英教师协会警告“信托学校”的商业化[J].比较教育研究,2006(6)：93.
⑦詹盛如.英国学校体制之变革-以信托学校为例[C].教育资料集刊第四辑-2009年各国初等教育2009.163-184.
⑧谢锡美.教育公益信托：学校管理新模式[J].教育发展研究,2006(4B)：1-5.
①鄢晓宇,康建朝.英国“学校成绩差,将被关闭”惹争议[J].比较教育研究,2009(1)：91.
②高靓.优质校接管薄弱校：英国教育走向均衡?[N].中国教育报,2006年9月1日.
③李茂.是什么成就了“进步最大的学校”?[N].中国教育报,2009年1月21日第6版.
①孙远航.孙喜连.薄弱学校改造与发展[M].华东师范大学出版社,2006.10.
②韩家勋,孙玲.中等教育考试制度比较研究[M].人民教育出版社,1998.19-22.
③National Challenge:A toolkit for schools and local authorities[EB/OL]. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/nationalchallenge/downloads/7715-National%20ChallengeWEB.pdfI2009-02-201.
④National Challenge Advisers'Handbook[EB/OL].
http://nationalstrategies.standards.dcsf.gov.uk/node/150528?uc=force_uj[2009-04-20].
①The Education and Inspections Bill[EB/OL]. http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200506/cmbills/134/2006134.htm[2009-02-20].
②Academies, Trusts and Higher Education:prospectus[EB/OL]. http://www.standards.dfes.gov.uk/academies/pdf/AcademiesTrustProspectus.pdf?version=1[2009-02-20].
①刘熙.英国布朗政府教育改革新思维[J].世界教育信息,2008,(8)：12-15.
②中央教育科学研究所比较教育研究中心.世界教育发展的新趋势[J].比较教育研究,2002,(7)：7-8.
①张民选,朱兴德.公平而卓越：世界教育发展的新追求[J].教育发展研究,2008(19)：1-2.
①王凯.教育行动区：英国提高教育质量的新动向[J].比较教育研究,2003(11)：74-78.
②吴雪萍.新世纪英国教育发展的目标与策略述评[J].全球教育展望,2002(4)：77-80.
①刘熙.英国布朗政府教育改革新思维.[J]世界教育信息,2008(8)：12-15.
①单中惠.当代英国基础教育政策及其影响浅析[J].外国教育研究.2007(2)：30-34.
②刘熙.英国布朗政府教育改革新思维[J].世界教育信息,2008(8)：12-15.
③张民选,朱兴德.公平而卓越：世界教育发展的新追求[J].教育发展研究,2008(19)：1-2.
①杨光富,张宏菊.英国布朗政府中小学教育改革的三大举措[J].教育发展研究,2008(11)：64-65,68.
①Promoting excellence for all School Improvement Strategy:raising standards, supporting schools[EB/OLl. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/nationalchallenge/downloads/7714-DCSF-Excellence%20for%20all.pdf[2009-02-20].
②National Challenge:A toolkit for schools and local authorities[EB/OL]. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/nationalchallenge/downloads/7715-National%20ChallengeWEB.pdf[2009-02-20].
③National Challenge Advisers' Handbook[EB/OL] http://nationalstrategies.standards.dcsf.gov.uk/node/150528?uc=force_uj [2009-04-20].
①National Challenge Advisers'Handbook[EB/OL]. http://nationalstrategies.standards.dcsf.gov.uk/node/150528?uc=force_uj [2009-04-20].
①National Challenge Advisers' Handbook [EB/OL].http://nationalstrategies.standards.dcsf.gov.uk/node/150528?uc=force_uj [2009-04-20].
①Raising Attainment Plan(RAP) Management Guide [EB/OL].http://nationalstrategies.standards.dcsf.gov.uk/node/170577[2009-04-20].
①National Challenge:A toolkit for schools and local authorities[EB/OL]. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/nationalchallenge/downloads/7715-National%20ChallengeWEB.pdf[2009-02-20].
②詹盛如.英国学校体制之变革-以信托学校为例[C].教育资料集刊第四辑-2009年各国初等教育,2009.163-170.
③National Challenge Trusts Guidance[EB/OL]. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/nationalchallenge/downloads/NCTguidance.pdf[2009-02-20].
①National Challenge Trusts Guidance[EB/OL]. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/nationalchallenge/downloads/NCTguidance.pdf[2009-02-20]
①National Challenge Trusts Guidance[EB/OL]. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/nationalchallenge/downloads/NCTguidance.pdf[2009-02-20]
②詹盛如.英国学校体制之变革-以信托学校为例[C].教育资料集刊第四辑-2009年各国初等教育,2009.163-170.
①张济洲.“国家挑战”计划——英国政府改造薄弱学校的新举措[J].外国中小学教育,2008(10)：22-24,21.
②The Academies Programme [EB/OL],http://www.nao.org.uk/publications/0607/the_academies_programme.aspx[2009-09-20].
①Academies [EB/OL]. http://www.standards.dfes.gov.uk/academies/what are academies/management/?version=1[2009-09-201.
②Academies sponsorship[EB/OL]. http://www.standards.dfes.gov.uk/academies/what_are_academies/sponsorship/?version=1 [2009-09-20].
①张济洲.“国家挑战”计划——英国政府改造薄弱学校的新举措[J].外国中小学教育,2008(10)：22-24,21.
②National Challenge Support for Schools:Options for National Challenge Advisers [EB/OL].http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/nationalchallenge/supportforschools.shtml.[2009-04-20].
①李茂.英国吸引优秀教师有新招[N].中国教师报,2003年9月17日.
②National Challenge Support for Schools:Options for National Challenge Advisers [EB/OL].http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/nationalchallenge/supportforschools.shtml.[2009-04-20].
③李茂.英国要使每名教师都成硕士[EB/OL].http://www.nbedu.gov.cn/article/show_article.asp?ArticleID=29193.[2009-09-20].
④New opportunities:Fair chances for the future Presented to Parliament by the Minister for the Cabinet Office by Command of Her Majesty,January 2009 [EB/OL].http://www.hmg.gov.uk/media/9102/NewOpportunities.pdf[2009-09-20].
①National Challenge Support for Schools:Options for National Challenge Advisers [EB/OL].http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/nationalchallenge/supportforschools.shtml.[2009-04-20].
①蒋建微.英国试行“一对一教学”[J].上海教育,2007(09A)：34.
②曹秀娟.额外努力,英国帮扶处境不利学生[N].中国教育报,2009年7月7日(3).
①Tutor's notes 6a:Encouraging people to get into HE [EB/OL].http://www.teachernet.gov.uk/teachingandlearning/aimhigher/tutors/whatisHE/encourage/tutorsnotes6a/.[20 09-09-20]
②National Challenge Support for Schools:Options for National Challenge Advisers [EB/OL].http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/nationalchallenge/supportforschools.shtml.[2009-04-20].
①DCSF.SCHOOLS SECRETARY ED BALLS THANKS SIR MIKE TOMLINSON AS HE RETIRES AS CHIEF ADVISER FOR LONDON SCHOOLS[EB/OL]. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/pns/DisplayPN.cgi?pn_id=2009_0080[2009-08-20].
②DCSF.SCHOOLS SECRETARY ED BALLS THANKS SIR MIKE TOMLINSON AS HE RETIRES AS CHIEF ADVISER FOR LONDON SCHOOLS [EB/OL].http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/pns/DisplayPN.cgi?pn_id=2009_0080. [2009-08-20]
③李茂.英国治理薄弱校见成效“国家挑战学校”数量减少[N].中国教师报,2009年01月21日.
①DCSF.TAILORED PLANS FOR NATIONAL CHALLENGE SCHOOLS AGREED[EB/OL]. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/pns/DisplayPN.cgi?pn_id=2009_0009.[2009-08-20]
②DCSF. Academies Evaluation Fifth Annual Report[EB/OL]. http://www.standards.dfes.gov.uk/academies/pdf/Academies5thAnnualReport.pdf?version=1.[2009-08-20]
③DCSF.RECORD INVESTMENT PAYS DIVIDENDS AS ACHIEVEMENT GAP NARROWSrEB/OL]. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/pns/DisplayPN.cgi?pn_id=2009_0008.[2009-08-20]
①DCSF.SIX MORE PROJECTS MAINTAIN PACE OF ACADEMY PROGRAMMErEB/OLl. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/pns/DisplayPN.cgi?pn id=2009_0039. [2009-08-20]
②Andrew Curtis, Sonia Exley, Amanda Sasia, Sarah Tough and Geoff Whitty Institute of Education, University of London.The Academies programme:Progress, problems and possibilities [EB/OL].http://www.suttontrust.com/reports/AcademiesReportFinal.pdf. [2009-08-20]
③李茂.是什么成就了“进步最大的学校”[N].中国教师报,2009年01月21日.
①Ofsted. Perry Beeches School Inspection report 2007[EB/OL]. http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/oxedu_reports/download/(id)/88842/(as)/103492_286677.pdf.[2009-04-20]
②Ofsted. Perry Beeches School Inspection report 2008[EB/OL]. http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/oxedu_reports/download/(id)/95727/(as)/103492_322365.pdf.[2009-04-20]
①李茂.是什么成就了“进步最大的学校”[N].中国教师报,2009年01月21日.
①联合国教科文组织.王晓辉、赵中建译.《为了21世纪的教育-问题与展望》[M].北京：教育科学出版社,2002：202.
②(加拿大)迈克·富兰.变革的力量：透视教育改革[M].北京：教育科学出版社,2000：270.
③(加拿大)迈克·富兰.变革的力量：透视教育改革[M].北京：教育科学出版社,2000：285.
④袁振国.教育政策学.[M].南京：江苏教育出版社,2000：41-47.
①(加拿大)迈克尔·富兰著,赵中建,陈霞,李敏译.教育变革新意义(第三版)[M].北京：教育科学出版社,2005：76.
②DCSF.NATIONAL CHALLENGE STRATEGY LAUNCHED TO ENSURE MORE CHILDREN GET BETTER GCSEs [EB/OL].http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/pns/DisplayPN.cgi?pn_id=2008_0109.[2009-08-20]
③DCSF.NUMBER OF NATIONAL CHALLENGE SCHOOLS DOWN [EB/OL]. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/pns/DisplayPN.cgi?pn_id=2009_0007.[2009-08-20]
④秦素粉.英国薄弱学校改进政策研究[D].华中师范大学,2007.30-31.
①(加拿大)迈克·富兰.变革的力量：透视教育改革[M].北京：教育科学出版社,2000,117-118.
①DCSF.FIRST NATIONAL CHALLENGE TRUSTS TO TRANSFORM SCHOOLS [EB/OL].http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/pns/DisplayPN.cgi?pn_id=2008_0211.[2009-08-20]
②孙德芳.英国提升薄弱学校质量的举措[J].中国教育学刊,2009(6)：9.
①鄢晓宇,康建朝.英国学校成绩差,将被关闭惹争议.比较教育研究,2009(1)：91.
②鄢晓宇,康建朝.英国学校成绩差,将被关闭惹争议.比较教育研究,2009(1)：92.
①(加拿大)迈克·富兰.变革的力量：透视教育改革[M].北京：教育科学出版社,2000,291.
[1]冯大鸣.美、英、澳教育管理前沿图景[M].北京：教育科学出版社,2004.
[2]弗朗西斯·C·福勒著,许庆豫译.教育政策学导论(第二版)[M].南京：江苏教育出版社,2007.
[3]韩家勋,孙玲.中等教育考试制度比较研究[M].北京：人民教育出社,1998.
[4]靳希斌.市场经济大潮下的教育改革[M].广州：广东教育出版社,1998.
[5](英)杰夫·惠迪,萨莉·鲍尔,大卫·哈平著；马忠虎译.教育中的放权与择校：学校、政府和市场[M].北京：教育科学出版社,2003.
[6]李家永.当今英国教育概览[M].郑州：河南教育出版社.1994.
[7]联合国教科文组织,王晓辉,赵中建译.为了21世纪的教育-问题与展望[M].北京：教育科学出版社,2002.
[8]吕达,周满生.当代教育外国改革著名文献(英国卷·第二册)[M].北京：人民教育出版,2004.
[9]马建生.公平与效率的抉择：美国学校市场化改革研究.[M].北京：教育科学出版社,2003.
[10](加)迈克尔·富兰著,赵中建,陈霞,李敏译.教育变革新意义(第三版)[M].北京：教育科学出版社,2005.
[11](加拿大)迈克·富兰.变革的力量：透视教育改革[M].北京：教育科学出版社,2000.
[12]斯蒂芬·.鲍尔.政治与教育政策制定：政策社会学探索[M].上海：华东师范大学出版社,2003.
[13]孙河川,高鸿源.从薄弱走向优质：欧盟国家薄弱学校改进之路[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2006.
[14]孙远航.薄弱学校改造与发展[M].上海：华东师范大学出版社,2006.
[15]王承绪,徐辉.战后英国教育研究[M].南昌：江西教育出版社,1992.
[16]威廉·G-坎宁安著,赵中建译.教育管理：基于问题的方法[M].南京：江苏教育出版社,2002.
[17](美)约翰·E·丘伯著,蒋衡等译.政治、市场和学校[M].北京：教育科学出版社,2003.
[18](美)约瑟夫·费瑟斯通等著；王小宇,周常明译.见证民主教育的希望与失败[M]. 上海：华东师范大学出版社,2005.
[19]翟博.教育均衡论：中国基础教育均衡发展实证分析[M].北京：人民教育出版社,2008.
[20]郑杰.改造学校待何时:“另类”校长-家言[M].上海：华东师范大学出版社,2006.
[21]朱家存.教育均衡发展政策研究[M].北京：中国社会科学出版社,2004.
[22]祝怀新.英国基础教育[M].广州：广东教育教育出版社,2003.
[1]窦红平.薄弱学校出路的探究[J].现代教育科学.2006(2).
[2]范先佐.农村学校布局调整与教育的均衡发展[J].教育发展研究,2008(7).
[3]高鸿源.学者参与薄弱学校改进工作中自身的知识管理[J].当代教育论坛,2008(2).
[4]贺武华,杨小芳.薄弱学校发展的社会学解释[J].教育发展研究,2006(4B).
[5]姜美玲.学校改革的影响因素分析-英国“失败学校”改进的独特措施及启示[J].外国教育研究,2005(1).
[6]李锐利.从失败走向成功-英国改进薄弱学校的措施对我国的启示[J].外国中小学教育,2003(2).
[7]刘荣飞,徐士强.关于引导外部优质资源介入薄弱学校管理的讨论[J].上海教育科研2007(12).
[8]刘熙.全球金融危机背景下英国教育策略研究-英国政府白皮书<新机遇：迎接未来的公平机会>述评[J].世界教育信息,2009(4).
[9]刘熙.英国布朗政府教育改革新思维[J].世界教育信息,2008,(8).
[10]卢乃桂,柯政.教育政策研究的类别、特征和启示[J].比较教育研究,2007(2).
[11]陆璟.伦敦基础教育均衡发展的机制及其启示[J].上海教育科研,2006(1).
[12]路光远.内涵发展：薄弱学校更新之路[J].全球教育展望,2005(4).
[13]马德益.英国基础教育薄弱学校改革的市场化特征[J].外国教育研究,2005(4).
[14]毛伟宾.试论薄弱学校的提升与改善[J].济南教育学院学报,2004,(1).
[15]孟卫青.教育政策分析：价值、内容与过程[J].现代教育论丛,2008(5).
[16]秦素粉、朱宛霞.促进城市基础教育均衡发展的政策选择-英国“城市教育优异”(EiC)计划述评[J].上海教育科研,2007,(1).
[17]田莉.“灯塔学校”英国推广优质教学的有益尝试[J].基础教育参考,2007,(2).
[18]田凌晖.薄弱学校改造的政策及实现路径：：美国的经验[J].上海教育科研 2007(12).
[19]王丽华.薄弱学校改进的个案研究[J].教育发展研究,2007(10B).
[20]王艳玲.“教育行动区”计划-英国改造薄弱学校的有效尝试[J].全球教育展望,2004(9).
[21]王艳玲.社区共建英国改造薄弱学校的新举措[J].外国教育研究,2005(4).
[22]吴雪萍,陈洁.英国普通中等教育证书考试改革探析[J].外国教育研究,2008(5).
[23]吴雪萍.新世纪英国教育发展目标与策略述评[J].全球教育展望,2002(4).
[24]谢锡美.教育公益信托：学校管理新模式[J].教育发展研究,2006(4B).
[25]颜婉芬、许明.英国公立中小学薄弱校的改进策略[J].教育与考试,2008(4).
[26]杨琼.学校效能与学校改革：对英国最新研究成果的述评[J].外国教育研究,2003(12).
[27]杨光富.布朗政府中小学教育改革的三大举措[J].教育发展研究,2008,(11).
[28]杨军.英国促进基础教育均衡发展政策综述[J].外国教育研究,2005(12).
[29]易红郡.追求平等与提高质量：二战后英国中等教育改革的基本理念[J].外国教育研究,2005(1).
[30]苑大勇.英国布朗政府基础教育政策蓝图：<儿童计划>解读[J].基础教育参考,2008,(12).
[31]·翟俊卿.英国<为了全体学生：更高的标准,更好的学校>白皮书评述[J].世界教育信息,2006(3).
[32]张济洲.“国家挑战”计划——英国政府改造薄弱学校的新举措[J].外国中小学教育,2008(10).
[33]张济洲.实施“国家挑战计划”：英国政府改造薄弱学校的新举措[J].上海教育,2008(10A).
[34]张茂聪,褚金光.教育组团：区域教育均衡发展的新途径——山东省广饶县教育均衡发展的实践探索[J].教育研究,2008(4).
[35]张民选,朱兴德.公平而卓越：世界教育发展的新追求[J].教育发展研究,2008(19).
[36]朱红霞.重构与接管：美国改进薄弱学校的策略[J].中小学管理,2004(1).
[37]丁笑梅.英国学校发展性督导评价改革研究[D].上海：华东师范大学,2002,5.
[38]高靓.优质校接管薄弱校：英国教育走向均衡[N].中国教育报,2006年9月1日.
[39]李茂.出台“国家挑战”计划英国重拳治理薄弱中学[N].中国教师报,2008年6月23日.
[40]李茂.是什么成就了“进步最大的学校”?[N].中国教育报,2009年1月21日 第6版.
[41]刘庆华.英国示范学校研究-政策分析的视角[D].北京：首都师范大学,2003,7.
[42]秦素粉.英国薄弱学校改进政策研究[D].华中师范大学,2007.
[43]王渲.英国特色学校政策研究[D].北京：首都师范大学,2004.5.
[44]英国：信托学校促进学校发展.基础教育参考,2007(10).
[45]英国学校成绩差,将被关闭惹争议.比较教育研究,2009(1).
[46]英国教育部着力推进信托学校计划.教育情报参考,2006(11).
[47]英教师协会警告“信托学校”的商业化.比较教育研究,2006(6).
[48]袁彩哲.薄弱学核改造中的问题与发展对策研究-以江苏省泰兴市洋思初中为个案[D].北碚：西南师范大学,2005.
[49]2008年十大国际教育新闻发布[EB/OL]http://fcdxx.bjchyedu.cn/fcd/Documents/jsdw/jybl/11F6D5D2E0C.htm?%7B739B 24FB-2E3A-44BE-8C2B-AF74832939AC%7D[2009-2-13].
[50]面对全球经济危机英国如何调整其教育发展策略——英国政府发布《新机遇：迎接未来的公平机会》白皮书[EB/OL]http://www.bjesr.cn/esrnet/site/002880012055662ef4.ahtml[2009-3-30].
[51]李茂.布莱尔给英国教育留下了什么[EB/OL]http://www.fjzzjy.gov.cn/newsInfo.aspx?pkId=48873[2009-3-23].
[1]Academies[EB/OL].http://www.standards.dfes.gov.uk/academies/what_are_ academies /management/?version=1[2009-09-20].
[2]Academies and Trusts:Opportunities for Schools, Sixth-form and FE Colleges [EB/OL].http://www.standards.dfes.gov.uk/academies/pdf/6thformFEcolleges.pdf? version=1[2009-02-20].
[3]Academies sponsorship [EB/OL].http://www.standards.dfes.gov.uk/academies/what_are_ academies/sponsorship/?version=1[2009-09-20].
[4]Academies, Trusts and Higher Education:prospectus[EB/OL].http://www.standards. dfes.gov.uk/academies/pdf/AcademiesTrustProspectus.pdf?version=1[2009-02-20].
[5]Alma Harris, Daniel Muijs.Improving schools through teacher leadership [M]. McGraw-Hill International,2005.
[6]Andrew Curtis, Sonia Exley, Amanda Sasia, Sarah Tough and Geoff Whitty Institute of Education, University of London.The Academies programme:Progress, problems andpossibilities[EB/OL].http://www.suttontrust.com/reports/AcademiesReport Final.pdf. [2009-08-20]
[7]Beatriz Pont, Deborah Nusche, Hunter Moorman. Improving School Leadership: Policy and practice[M].OECD Publishing,2008.
[8]Clarke, Paul.Sustainability and Improvement:A Problem "of" Education and"for" Education[J].Improving Schools, v12 n1 pll-172009
[9]DCSF. Academies Evaluation Fifth Annual Report[EB/OL]. http://www.standards.dfes.gov.uk/academies/pdf/Academies5thAnnualReport.pdf? version=1.[2009-08-20].
[10]DCSF.FIRST NATIONAL CHALLENGE TRUSTS TO TRANSFORM SCHOOLS [EB/OL].http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/pns/DisplayPN.cgi?pn_id=2008_0211.[2009-08-20].
[11]DCSF.NATIONAL CHALLENGE STRATEGY LAUNCHED TO ENSURE MORE CHILDREN GET BETTER GCSEs [EB/OL]. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/pns/DisplayPN.cgi?pn_id=2008_0109.[2009-08-20].
[12]DCSF.NUMBER OF NATIONAL CHALLENGE SCHOOLS DOWN [EB/OL]. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/pns/DisplayPN.cgi?pn_id=2009_0007.[2009-08-20].
[13]DCSF.RECORD INVESTMENT PAYS DIVIDENDS AS ACHIEVEMENT GAP NARROWS[EB/OL]. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/pns/DisplayPN.cgi?pn_id=2009_0008.[2009-08-20].
[14]DCSF.SCHOOLS SECRETARY ED BALLS THANKS SIR MIKE TOMLINSON AS HE RETIRES AS CHIEF ADVISER FOR LONDON SCHOOLS[EB/OL]. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/pns/DisplayPN.cgi?pn_id=2009_0080.[2009-08-20].
[15]DCSF.SIX MORE PROJECTS MAINTAIN PACE OF ACADEMY PROGRAMME[EB/OL]. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/pns/DisplayPN.cgi?pn_id=2009_0039.[2009-08-20].
[16]DCSF.TAILORED PLANS FOR NATIONAL CHALLENGE SCHOOLS AGREED[EB/OL]. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/pns/DisplayPN.cgi?pn_id=2009_0009.[2009-08-20].
[17]Debden Park High School, Essex:rapid recovery from failure EB/OL]. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/nationalchallenge/downloads/7717-DCSF-Nat% 20Chall-Debden%20Park.pdf[2009-04-20].
[18]Guidance on the Acquisition of a Trust and the Acquisition of a Majority of Governors appointed by the Trust[EB/OL]. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/consultations/downloadableDocs/Guidance%20on%20the %20Acquisition%20of%20a%20Trust%20and%20the%20Acquisition%20of%20a %20Majority%20of%20Governors%20appointed%20by%20the%20Trust.doc[200 9-06-07].
[19]Gunter, Helen; Woods, Philip;Woods, Glenys.Researching Academies in England[J].Management in Education, v22 n4 p3-7 2008.
[20]Jane McGregor, Pat Thomson. Changing schools:more than a lick of paint and a well-orchestrated performance? [J].Improving Schools,Vol.12, No.1,43-57 (2009)
[21]Kenneth A. Leithwood,. Robert Aitken. Making schools smarter:leading with evidence[M].Corwin Press,2006.
[22]Meg Maguire,Simon Pratt-Adams. Improving the English urban primary school: questions of policy[J].Improving Schools, Vol.12,No.1,81-92 (2009).
[23]Milbrey Wallin McLaughlin, Joan E. Talbert.Building school-based teacher learning communities:professional strategies to improve student achievement[M]. Teachers College Press,2006.[13]Moving beyond the floor target A report on what made the difference in 20 previously low-attaining primary schools [EB/OL].http://nationalstrategies.standards.dcsf.gov.uk/node/88533[2009-04-20].
[24]National Challenge Advisers'Handbook[EB/OL]. http://nationalstrategies.standards.dcsf.gov.uk/node/150528?uc=force_uj [2009-04-20].
[25]National Challenge:A toolkit for schools and local authorities[EB/OL]. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/nationalchallenge/downloads/7715-National%20Challenge WEB.pdf[2009-02-20].
[26]National Challenge Support for Schools:Options for National Challenge Advisers [EB/OL].http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/nationalchallenge/supportforschools.shtml [2009-04-20].
[27]National Challenge Trusts Guidance[EB/OL]. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/nationalchallenge/downloads/NCTguidance.pdf[2009-02-20]
[28]New opportunities:Fair chances for the future Presented to Parliament by the Minister for the Cabinet Office by Command of Her Majesty,January 2009 [EB/OL].http://www.hmg.gov.uk/media/9102/NewOpportunities.pdfI2009-09-20].
[29]Nicolaidou.Maria; Ainscow.Mel.Understanding Failing Schools:Perspectives from the Inside [J].School Effectiveness and School Improvement, vl6n3 p229-248 Sep 2005.
[30]Ofsted. Blacon High School Inspection report 2006[EB/OL]. http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/oxedu_reports/download/(id)/60368/(as)/111396_278679 .pdf[2006-01-12]
[31]Ofsted. Blacon High School Inspection report 2009[EB/OL]. http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/oxedu_reports/download/(id)/107079/(as)/111396_32537 1.pdfI2009-03-12]
[32]Ofsted. Perry Beeches School Inspection report 2007[EB/OL]. http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/oxedu_reports/download/(id)/88842/(as)/103492_286677 .pdf. [2009-04-20]
[33]Ofsted. Perry Beeches School Inspection report 2008[EB/OL]. http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/oxedu_reports/download/(id)/95727/(as)/103492_322365 .pdf. [2009-04-20]
[34]Ofsted. Perry Beeches School Inspection report 2008[EB/OL]. http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/oxedu_reports/download/(id)/100611/(as)/103492_32384 1.pdf[2008-09-25]
[35]Perryman, Jane. School Leadership and Management after Special Measures: Discipline without the Gaze? [J].School Leadership and Management v2S n3 p28Ⅰ-297 Aug 2005.
[36]Peter Lorange. New vision for management education:leadership challenges [M]. Emerald Group Publishing,2002.
[37]Peter Matthews,Pam Sammons, Survival of the weakest:the differential improvement of schools causing concern in England [J].London Review of Education,3(2),2005, pp.159-176
[38]P. Gayle Andrews, Vincent A. Anfara. Leaders for a movement:professional preparation and development of middle level teachers and administrators[M]. Information Age Publishing,2003,
[39]Promoting excellence for all School Improvement Strategy:raising standards, supporting schools[EB/OL]. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/nationalchallenge/downloads/7714-DCSF-Excellence%20f or%20all.pdf[2009-02-20].
[40]Raising Attainment Plan(RAP)Management Guide[EB/OL]. http://nationalstrategies.standards.dcsf.gov.uk/node/170577[2009-04-20].
[41]Riddell, Richard.Schools in Trouble Again:A Critique of the National Challenge (2008) [J].Improving Schools, v12 n1 p71-80 2009.
[42]Riddell, Richard. Survival of the weakest:the differential improvement of schools causing concern in England [J].Improving Schools,2009v12 n1 p71-80
[43]Sammons, Pam.Zero Tolerance of Failure and New Labour Approaches to School Improvement in England[J].Oxford Review of Education, v34 n6 p651-664 Dec 2008
[44]Staying Safe:Action Plan[EB/OL]. http://publications.teachernet.gov.uk/eOrderingDownload/DCSF-00151-2008.pd [2009-02-20].
[45]Terry Wrigley. The state of England's schools:critical voices[J].Improving Schools, Mar 2009;vol.12:pp.3-9.
[46]The Academies Programme[EB/OL]. http://www.nao.org.uk/publications/0607/the_academies_programme.aspx[2009-09-20].
[47]The Annual Report of Her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Education, Children's Services and Skills 2007/08 [EB/OL]. http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/Ofsted-home/News/Press-and-media/2008/November/Th e-Annual-Report-of-Her-Majesty-s-Chief-Inspector-of-Education-Children-s-Servi ces-and-Skills-2007-08[2009-04-20].
[48]The Children's Plan Building Brighter Futures-Summary[EB/OL]. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/publications/childrensplan/downloads/Childrens_Plan_Exe cutive_Summary.pdf[2009-02-20].
[49]The Education and Inspections Bill [EB/OL]. http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200506/cmbills/134/2006134.htm[20 09-02-20].
[50]The London Secondary SIP Toolkit[EB/OL]. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/citychallenge/downloads/20081003LondonChallengeSIPT oolkita.pdf[2009-05-20].
[51]Theodore J. Kowalski.The School Superintendent:Theory, Practice, and Cases[M]. SAGE,2005.
[52]The PM Gordon Brown Speech on Education at the University of Greenwich [EB/OL].http://www.number-10.gov.uk/output/Page13675.asp.[2007-10-26]
[53]Tony Townsend. International Handbook of School Effectiveness and Improvement[M].Springer Netherlands (Volume 17),2007.
[54]Trust Schools Toolkit[EB/OL]. http://www.emetonline.co.uk/events/Trust_Status/Consultation_Info/Trust_Schools Toolkit.pdf[2009-06-7].
[55]Tutor's notes 6a:Encouraging people to get into HE[EB/OL]. http://www.teachemet.gov.uk/teachingandleaming/aimhigher/tutors/whatisHE/enc ourage/tutorsnotes6a/.[2009-09-20]
[56]Wayne K. Hoy, Cecil G Miskel. Contemporary issues in educational policy and school outcomes[M].Information Age Publishing,2006,
[57]William G. Howell, Paul E.Peterson, The education gap:vouchers and urban schools[M].Brookings Institution Press,2006.
[58]Written Ministerial Statement on Machinery of Government Change[EB/OL]. http://www.pm.gov.uk/output/page12181.asp.[2007-10-16].
[1]英国儿童、学校、家庭部网站http：//www.dxsf.gov.uk/
[2]英国儿童、学校、家庭部网站中关于“国家挑战计划”的专门网站http://www. dcsf. gov.uk/nationalchallenge/downloads.shtml
[3]英国教育标准局网站http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/
[4]英国时代在线网站http://www.timesonline.co.uk/
[5]英国教师网http://www.teachemet.gov.uk/
[6]英国学校培训和发展机构网站http://www.tda.gov.uk/about/newsletter/apr2008/chiefexecutive.aspx
[7]英国BBC新闻网http://news.bbc.co.uk/
[8]英国佩利比奇斯中学网站http://web.perrybs.bham.sch.uk/index.php
[9]美国教育资源信息网http://www.eric.ed.gov/
[10]北京教育科研网http://www.bjesr.cn/esmet/site/0014e0011ffd8edf89.ahtml
[11]http://nationalstrategies.standards.dcsf.gov.uk/leadership/nationalchallenge
[12]http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/table/2009/feb/16/schools
[13]http://www.northumberland.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=1695
[14]http://www.standards.dcsf.gov.uk/?version=1