辽河坳陷变质岩基岩地震技术储层评价研究
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摘要
本次研究针对目前辽河坳陷中央凸起南部勘探中存在的基岩内幕裂缝预测和描述的技术难题，运用三维地震资料进行精细构造解释、地震属性分析、烃类检测和地震叠前反演预测方法，刻画目标区的储层分布规律，为进一步勘探部署提供建议，并指出地震技术对变质岩基岩地质研究的适用性。通过该项目的研究取得了以下主要成果：
1、提出了在储层段内地震频谱连续衰减变化检测油气的新方法
沿储层段分析地震频谱的衰减变化来识别油气层的方法，考虑了储层在一段深度范围内对地震波能量的连续吸收作用，有利于对储层段内地震频谱变化做整体趋势的判断。过井地震道时频分布图的频谱衰减与试油的含油气结论取得了较为一致的结果。频谱衰减分析方法可作为勘探部署的重要参考依据。
2、研究了适用于本地区裂缝预测的地震属性，指出主要裂缝发育区域
太古界裂缝带及内幕断层在沿大洼断层一带最为发育，在南部赵古3附近发育程度次之，其他地区也有零星发育。相干体、蚂蚁体、曲率体属性对裂缝带和断层反映敏感，主成分分析结果较好地刻画裂缝带及内幕断层的发育特征。
3、提出了基岩变质岩岩性及裂缝发育与地震响应之间的关系
太古界角闪岩、煌斑岩与其它岩性接触时易产生地震反射，任何两种岩性的反射系数大于0.012时可观察到地震反射，且岩性界面的横向连续性受噪声影响较大。高角度裂缝带的地震反射与地震资料主频、裂缝带的宽度和高度有关。地震主频越高、裂缝带越宽、越长，裂缝带越容易出现地震反射。
4、指出了AVO属性和叠前地震反演研究变质岩的局限性
AVO属性分析检测油气的方法，对本区变质岩基岩地层具有一定的局限性。叠前地震反演的纵波速度体能够在一定程度上区分变质岩岩性。
5、通过对研究成果的综合分析，提出了下步勘探的重点区域
近大洼断裂一带北北东向展布的带状区域，油源充足，储层发育，源-储配置关系优越，多口井试油均获工业油流，区内为靠近烃源岩的潜山，断块、断阶型圈闭发育，可作为勘探主攻区域。
The study project mainly focuses upon the technique problems about description andprediction of interior fracture within the base rock in seismic exploration of southern CentralRise in Liaohe Depression. The project takes advantage of different methods, such as structureinterpretation, seismic attribute analysis, hydrocarbon detecting and seismic pre-stackinversion, to characterize reservoir. The result may propose exploration suggestions andseismic technology applicability on metamorphic bedrock. This project has achieved thefollowed results.
1. Established seismic frequency decay method to detect hydrocarbon.The project detected hydrocarbon by the decay of seismic frequency spectrum along withreservoir. This method considered continues absorbing to seismic energy in a horizon intervalwhich made for judging whole trend of frequency spectrum. Frequency spectrum decay in thetime-frequency map of seismic trace crossed well are consistent with oil test of the well.Frequency spectrum decay may be important evidence to exploration arrangement.
2. Study seismic attributes apply to fractures prediction and indicated main fracturesdevelopment zone.The fractures development zone are mainly located two sides of Dawa Fault. Zones nearZhaogu3are also developed fractures. Coherence, Ant Cube and Volume Curvature aresensitive to fracture zone and faults. Principle Component Analysis may characterize fracturezone and inner faults.
3. Established relationship between metamorphic bedrock lithology, fracture zonedevelopment degree with seismic response.Amphibolit and Lamprophyr in Archaeozoic may have apparent seismic reflection while theyconnect with other lithology. The reflectivity of any lithology may have seismic reflectionwhen it is more than0.012. The amplitude continuity are easily affected by seismic noise.Seismic reflections of fracture zones with high angle relate to dominate frequency of seismic,width and height of the fracture zones. The reflection would be more apparent when seismicdomination frequency is high or the fracture zones are width and long.
4. Indicated the limitation of AVO attributes and pre-stack seismic inversion on metamorphic.The method of AVO attributes for hydrocarbon detecting has limitation for metamorphicbedrock in this area. Pre-stack seismic P-wave inversion has some effect on identify metamorphic lithology.
5. Proposed key areas of exploration according to comprehensive analysis.The banding zones located two side of Dawa Fault have fully hydrocarbon source anddeveloped reservoir. A few of wells in this area have industrial oil production. The buried hills,fault blocks and fault step traps may be main exploration zones.
1、提出了在储层段内地震频谱连续衰减变化检测油气的新方法
沿储层段分析地震频谱的衰减变化来识别油气层的方法，考虑了储层在一段深度范围内对地震波能量的连续吸收作用，有利于对储层段内地震频谱变化做整体趋势的判断。过井地震道时频分布图的频谱衰减与试油的含油气结论取得了较为一致的结果。频谱衰减分析方法可作为勘探部署的重要参考依据。
2、研究了适用于本地区裂缝预测的地震属性，指出主要裂缝发育区域
太古界裂缝带及内幕断层在沿大洼断层一带最为发育，在南部赵古3附近发育程度次之，其他地区也有零星发育。相干体、蚂蚁体、曲率体属性对裂缝带和断层反映敏感，主成分分析结果较好地刻画裂缝带及内幕断层的发育特征。
3、提出了基岩变质岩岩性及裂缝发育与地震响应之间的关系
太古界角闪岩、煌斑岩与其它岩性接触时易产生地震反射，任何两种岩性的反射系数大于0.012时可观察到地震反射，且岩性界面的横向连续性受噪声影响较大。高角度裂缝带的地震反射与地震资料主频、裂缝带的宽度和高度有关。地震主频越高、裂缝带越宽、越长，裂缝带越容易出现地震反射。
4、指出了AVO属性和叠前地震反演研究变质岩的局限性
AVO属性分析检测油气的方法，对本区变质岩基岩地层具有一定的局限性。叠前地震反演的纵波速度体能够在一定程度上区分变质岩岩性。
5、通过对研究成果的综合分析，提出了下步勘探的重点区域
近大洼断裂一带北北东向展布的带状区域，油源充足，储层发育，源-储配置关系优越，多口井试油均获工业油流，区内为靠近烃源岩的潜山，断块、断阶型圈闭发育，可作为勘探主攻区域。
The study project mainly focuses upon the technique problems about description andprediction of interior fracture within the base rock in seismic exploration of southern CentralRise in Liaohe Depression. The project takes advantage of different methods, such as structureinterpretation, seismic attribute analysis, hydrocarbon detecting and seismic pre-stackinversion, to characterize reservoir. The result may propose exploration suggestions andseismic technology applicability on metamorphic bedrock. This project has achieved thefollowed results.
1. Established seismic frequency decay method to detect hydrocarbon.The project detected hydrocarbon by the decay of seismic frequency spectrum along withreservoir. This method considered continues absorbing to seismic energy in a horizon intervalwhich made for judging whole trend of frequency spectrum. Frequency spectrum decay in thetime-frequency map of seismic trace crossed well are consistent with oil test of the well.Frequency spectrum decay may be important evidence to exploration arrangement.
2. Study seismic attributes apply to fractures prediction and indicated main fracturesdevelopment zone.The fractures development zone are mainly located two sides of Dawa Fault. Zones nearZhaogu3are also developed fractures. Coherence, Ant Cube and Volume Curvature aresensitive to fracture zone and faults. Principle Component Analysis may characterize fracturezone and inner faults.
3. Established relationship between metamorphic bedrock lithology, fracture zonedevelopment degree with seismic response.Amphibolit and Lamprophyr in Archaeozoic may have apparent seismic reflection while theyconnect with other lithology. The reflectivity of any lithology may have seismic reflectionwhen it is more than0.012. The amplitude continuity are easily affected by seismic noise.Seismic reflections of fracture zones with high angle relate to dominate frequency of seismic,width and height of the fracture zones. The reflection would be more apparent when seismicdomination frequency is high or the fracture zones are width and long.
4. Indicated the limitation of AVO attributes and pre-stack seismic inversion on metamorphic.The method of AVO attributes for hydrocarbon detecting has limitation for metamorphicbedrock in this area. Pre-stack seismic P-wave inversion has some effect on identify metamorphic lithology.
5. Proposed key areas of exploration according to comprehensive analysis.The banding zones located two side of Dawa Fault have fully hydrocarbon source anddeveloped reservoir. A few of wells in this area have industrial oil production. The buried hills,fault blocks and fault step traps may be main exploration zones.
引文
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