基于MPEG4的多硬盘视频存储系统设计与实现
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摘要
在现有基于MJPEG算法、小波算法、MPEG1和MPEG2算法的视频存储系统中，前两种系统的压缩比较低且格式非标准化，而后两种系统则应兼顾压缩比与画面质量矛盾。分析表明，基于RAID卡、光纤通道、IEEE 1394和USB接口方式的多硬盘存储方法存在价格昂贵、可靠性差、组建复杂及通信速率低等缺点。为了提高视频存储容量及性价比，使视频存储系统的图像质量符合ISO／IEC最新的标准，有必要对视频存储系统进行改进。本论文将致力于MPEG4多硬盘视频存储系统的设计与实现。
本项研究采用美国VB公司的压缩芯片，设计并实现了基于MPEG4的图像存储系统。由于采用了硬件压缩方式，本图像存储系统处理速度快，实时性好。通过采用可变码流压缩，静止的图像采用较低的码流，运动的图像采用较高的码流，这样既不影响图像质量也不浪费存储空间。在相同环境和相同码流的条件下，本系统与采用其他压缩算法的系统相比，画面质量高，相同的画面进行网络传输实时性好，由此验证了本系统压缩比更高。
在相关研究基础上，本文还提出了一种新的多硬盘视频存储方法。该方法融合现有的计算机硬盘设计方法，不改变硬盘的原有工作模式，只是增加一片逻辑芯片和三个74HC16245驱动器，便可实现16个硬盘的存储方式。这种多硬盘系统由于同一时间只有一个硬盘在工作，没有额外占用CPU资源，因此在提高存储量的同时没有降低系统的工作效率。从而达到系统较高的稳定性。
Among the existing video storage systems based on MJPEG algorithm, wavellet algorithm, MPEG1 and MPEG2 algorithm, the first two systems have low compress ratio and nonstandard format, while the last two systems need to be compromised between the compression ratio and the picture quality. Our analysis shows that these methods are either expensive, not reliable, complacated, or having low data rate. To accord with the ISO/IEC standard and meet the requirment of large storage, it is necessary to improve the present video storage system. This thesis aims at the design and realization of MPEG4-based multiple hard disk for video storage.
By choosing hardware compression chips from VB Coporation (USA), the system can process the picture in high speed and real time. The system has variable bit rate, hence low bit rate for still pictures and high bit rate for moving pictures. In this way, the system achieves both the high picture quality and reduced storage space. By comparision with other video storage systems in the same enviroment, the result shows that this system has higher picture quality and realtime quality for web transmission.
Based on the related research, this thesis proposes a new method in building multi hard disk storage system. With this method, a new storage system with 16 hard disk is realized by keeping the present computer hard disk design, adding a CPLD chip and three 74HC16245 gate drivers. The multi hard disk system improves the storage capcity with high stability and high efficiency since there is only one hard disk in operation at anytime, no additional CPU resource is consumed.
本项研究采用美国VB公司的压缩芯片，设计并实现了基于MPEG4的图像存储系统。由于采用了硬件压缩方式，本图像存储系统处理速度快，实时性好。通过采用可变码流压缩，静止的图像采用较低的码流，运动的图像采用较高的码流，这样既不影响图像质量也不浪费存储空间。在相同环境和相同码流的条件下，本系统与采用其他压缩算法的系统相比，画面质量高，相同的画面进行网络传输实时性好，由此验证了本系统压缩比更高。
在相关研究基础上，本文还提出了一种新的多硬盘视频存储方法。该方法融合现有的计算机硬盘设计方法，不改变硬盘的原有工作模式，只是增加一片逻辑芯片和三个74HC16245驱动器，便可实现16个硬盘的存储方式。这种多硬盘系统由于同一时间只有一个硬盘在工作，没有额外占用CPU资源，因此在提高存储量的同时没有降低系统的工作效率。从而达到系统较高的稳定性。
Among the existing video storage systems based on MJPEG algorithm, wavellet algorithm, MPEG1 and MPEG2 algorithm, the first two systems have low compress ratio and nonstandard format, while the last two systems need to be compromised between the compression ratio and the picture quality. Our analysis shows that these methods are either expensive, not reliable, complacated, or having low data rate. To accord with the ISO/IEC standard and meet the requirment of large storage, it is necessary to improve the present video storage system. This thesis aims at the design and realization of MPEG4-based multiple hard disk for video storage.
By choosing hardware compression chips from VB Coporation (USA), the system can process the picture in high speed and real time. The system has variable bit rate, hence low bit rate for still pictures and high bit rate for moving pictures. In this way, the system achieves both the high picture quality and reduced storage space. By comparision with other video storage systems in the same enviroment, the result shows that this system has higher picture quality and realtime quality for web transmission.
Based on the related research, this thesis proposes a new method in building multi hard disk storage system. With this method, a new storage system with 16 hard disk is realized by keeping the present computer hard disk design, adding a CPLD chip and three 74HC16245 gate drivers. The multi hard disk system improves the storage capcity with high stability and high efficiency since there is only one hard disk in operation at anytime, no additional CPU resource is consumed.
引文
[1]B. Mercier, E. Benoit, Y. Blache: "A NEW VIDEO STORAGE ARCHITECTURE FOR PLASMA DISPLAY PANELS " , Consumer Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, Volume: 42, Issue: 1, Feb. 1996, Pages: 121 - 127
[2]Inphase Technologies: " STORAGE", PC Magzine, New York, Volume: 21, Issue: 15, Sep. 2002, Page: M. 015
[3]A. Mcleod:" DIGITAL VIDEO STORAGE FOR SECUTITY APPLICATIONS", Security Technology, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 29th Annual 1995 International Carnahan Conference on, 18-20 Oct. 1995, Pages: 382 - 387
[4]E. Chang, A. Zakhor: "VARIABLE BIT RATE MPEG VIDEO STORAGE ON PARALLEL DISK ARRAYS", Community Networking Integrated Multimedia Services to the Home, the 1st International Workshop on, 13-14 July 1994, Pages: 127 - 137
[5]W. Kembery, A.R. Murphy, D.J. Myers, C.S. Pitts, K.A. Smith:" NETWORK BASED VIDEO STORAGE FOR RETRIEVAL OVER THE ISDN", Storage and Recording Systems, 1994. International Conference on, 5-7 Apr 1994 Pages: 124 - 128
[6]R.L. Zheng, S.C. Ming: " DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE STUDY OF SCALABLE VIDEO STORAGE IN A DISK-ARRAY-BASED VIDEO SERVER", Multimedia and Expo. 2000. ICME 2000. 2000 IEEE International Conference on, Volume: 3, 30 Jul.-2 Aug. 2000, Pages: 1341 - 1344
[7]W.H.A Bruls, E.W. Salomons, A. van der Werf, R.K. Gunnewiek, L. Camiciotti: "A LOW COST AUDIO/VIDEO SINGEL-CHIP MPEG2 ENCODER FOR CONSUMER VIDEO STORAGE APPLICATION", Consumer Electronics, 2000. ICCE. 2000. Digest of Technical Papers. International Conference on, 13-15 June 2000 Pages: 314 - 315
[8]G. Bianchi, R. Melen, A. Rainoni: " Performance of video storage hierarchy in interactive video services networks " , Global
Telecommunications Conference, 1995. GLOBECOM '95, IEEE, Volume: 2, 13-17 Nov. 1995, Pages: 805 - 810 vol. 2
[9]K. Keeton, A. Drapeau, D. Patterson, R.H. Katz: "Storage alternatives for video service " , Mass Storage Systems, 1994. 'Towards Distributed Storage and Data Management Systems' First International Symposium. Proceedings, Thirteenth IEEE Symposium on, 12-16 June 1994, Pages: 100 - 105
[10]Ebrahimi, Touradj: "MPEG-4 video verification model: A video encoding/decoding algorithm based on content representation", Signal Processing:Image Communication Volume: 9, Issue: 4, May 1997, Page: 367-384
[11]罗玉平：“SDRAM视频存储控制器的设计与实现”，微型机与应用，Volume：21，Issue：9，2002，Page：23-25
[12]李向荣，韩雁飞：“一种新型硬盘录像系统的设计”，系统工程与电子技术，Volume：24，Issue：12，2002，Page：129-132
[13]高阳，陈世福：“基于矩阵的视频存储模式研究”，计算机应用与软件，Volume：18，Issue：2，2001，Page：64-70
[14]F. Mark:" IP SANS FOR VIDEO STORAGE", Emedia. Wilton, Volume: 16, Issue: 1, Jan. 2003, Page 14
[15]J.C. Van Bekkum: " THE EXCITING TAPE", Broadcasting Convention, 1997. International, 12-16 Sent. 1997, Pages: 206 - 211
[16]张子强：“谈谈RAID技术与硬盘存储技术的发展”，中国有线电视，Volume：5，2003，Page：25-26
[17]R. Schafer: "MPEG-4: a multi-media compression standard for interactive applications and services " , Electronics & Communication Engineering Journal, Volume:10, Issue: 6, Dec. 1998, Pages: 253 - 262
[18]J. Undewrwood, J. Wheeler: "Archiving the various video Lape formats ", Broadcast TV Recording, IEE Colloquium on, 8 Feb 1990, Pages: 5/1 - 5/3
[19]P.B. Mather, Neil: "Assessing video tape degradation", Security Technology, 1998. Proceedings, 32nd Annual 1998 International
Carnahan Conference on, 12-14 Oct. 1998, Pages: 220 - 224
[20]宋小民，“磁带存储技术”，世界广播电视，Volume：16，Issue：8，2002，Page：82-83
[21]N.K. Lodge:" Video compression techniques", Applications of Video Compression in Broadcasting, IEE Colloquium on, 20 Oct 1992, Pages: 2/1 - 214
[22]庞潼川：“视频压缩技术与标准”，数据通信，Volume：4，2002，Page：28-31
[23]郑大伟，韩焱：“视频压缩系统研究”，山西电子技术，Volume：4，2003，Page：12-13
[24]G.K. Wallace: " The JPEG still picture compression standard", Consumer Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, Volume: 38, Issue: 1, Feb. 1992, Pages: 18- 34
[25]W.L. Yuong, M.O. young: " Software-Based Motion JPEG with Progressive Refinement for Computer Animation " , Consumer Electronics, 1994. Digest of Technical Papers, IEEE 1994 International Conference on, JUNE 21-23, 1994, Pages: 226 - 227
[26]S. LIU: " Performance comparison of MPEG1 and MPEG2 video compression standards " , Compcon '96. 'Technologies for the Information Superhighway' Digest of Papers 25-28 Feb. 1996, Pages: 199 - 203
[27]K. Ishimaru, T. Fujii, T. Sawabe, J. Suzuki, S. Ono: "Transmission characteristics of MPEG2 encoded super high definition images", Global Telecommunications Conference, 1996. GLOBECOM Communications: The Key to Global Prosperity, Volume: 1, 18-22 Nov. 1996 , Pages: 289 - 293 vol.1
[28]黄磊，周海骄：“多媒体通信新标准”，信息技术(哈尔滨)，Volume：27，Issue：4，2003．Page：1-3
[29]D.P. Wu, Y.T. Hou, W.W. Zhu, Y. Q. Zhang, H.J. Chao: "MPEG4 compressed video over the Internet", Circuits and Systems, 1999. ISCAS '99 Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE International Symposium on, Volume: 4, 30 May-2 June 1999, Pages: 327 - 331 vol.4
[30]K. Karpouzis, A. Raouzaiou, P. Tzouveli, S. loannou, S. Kollias: "Mpeg4: one multimedia standard to unite all", Multimedia and Expo, 2003. ICME 03. Proceedings. 2003 International Conference on, Volume: 2, 6-9 July 2003, Pages: 81 - 84
[31]魏轶伟，熊剑平等：“基于IP的存储网络技术”，计算机工程与应用，Volume：38，Issue：13，2002，Page：156-158
[32]虞颖，李向阳等：“电视节目监录系统的设计技术及实践”，广播与电视技术，Volume：29，Issue：3，2002，Page：87-90
[33]T. Kurioka, H. Minami, H. Okuda, E. Ohshima: "A new video hard disk system for multimedia program production", Broadcasting, IEEE Transactions on, Volume: 42, Issue: 3, Sept. 1996, Pages: 222 - 228
[34]R.A. Miller, B. Bhushan: "Substrates for magnetic hard disks for gigabit recording" , Magnetics, IEEE Transactions on, Volume: 32, Issue: 3, May 1996, Pages: 1805 - 1811
[35]赵忠文，曾峦：“一种专用高速硬盘存储设备的设计与实现”，电子技术应用，Volume：28，Issue：8，2002，Page：18-20
[36]翟多佳，孙建松：“等基于光纤通道的实时数字图像存储”，电子设计应用，Volume：3，2003，Page：16-18
[37]龚东磊，胡继波：“IEEE1394高速串行总线及其应用”，计算机工程，Volume：28，Issue：11，2002，Page：237-239
[38]曲向峰：“关于USB硬盘的问题”，电脑应用文萃，Volume：1，2003，Page：42
[39]P. Zabback, J. Menon, J. Riegel: " The RAID configuration tool", High Performance Computing, 1996. Proceedings. 3rd International Conference on, 19-22 Dec. 1996, Pages: 55 - 61
[40]http://www. hikvision. com/
[41]http://www. intime. co. kr
[42]李博轩：“Visual C++6.0多媒体开发指南”，北京：清华大学出版社，2001．
[43]乔林，杨志刚：“Visual C++6.0高级编程技术(多媒体篇)”，北京：中国铁道出版社，2000
[44]Y. Keller, A. Averbuch: "Efficient global motion estimation for MPEG4 video compression", Electrical and Electronics Engineers in Israel, 2002. The 22nd Convention of, 1 Dec. 2002, Pages: 69 -71
[45]ISO/IEC14496-1999, MPEG4标准.
[46]钟玉琢，王琪，贺玉文：“基于对象的多媒体数据压缩编码国际标准—MPEG4及其校验模型”，科学出版社，2000．
[47]曾繁泰，陈美金：“VHDL程序设计”，北京：清华大学出版社，2001．
[48]王毅平，张振荣：“VHDL编程与仿真”，北京：人民邮电出版社，2000．
[49]NCITS 317-1998, ATA-4 规范.
[50]B.K. Fawcett: "Designing PCI bus interfaces with programmable logic", ASIC Conference and Exhibit, 1995, Proceedings of the Eighth Annual IEEE Int, 18-22 Sept. 1995, Pages: 321 - 324
[51][美]TOM Shanley Don Anderson，刘晖译：“PCI系统结构”，电子工业出版社，2000
[52]计算机总线技术基础知识：http://vegazheng.y365.com/jszc/010.htm
[53]ITU-R．BT．656，视频格式标准
[54]贾新章，武岳山：“OrCAD／Capture CIS 9实用教程”，西安电子科技大学出版社，2000．
[55]http://www.altera. com
[2]Inphase Technologies: " STORAGE", PC Magzine, New York, Volume: 21, Issue: 15, Sep. 2002, Page: M. 015
[3]A. Mcleod:" DIGITAL VIDEO STORAGE FOR SECUTITY APPLICATIONS", Security Technology, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 29th Annual 1995 International Carnahan Conference on, 18-20 Oct. 1995, Pages: 382 - 387
[4]E. Chang, A. Zakhor: "VARIABLE BIT RATE MPEG VIDEO STORAGE ON PARALLEL DISK ARRAYS", Community Networking Integrated Multimedia Services to the Home, the 1st International Workshop on, 13-14 July 1994, Pages: 127 - 137
[5]W. Kembery, A.R. Murphy, D.J. Myers, C.S. Pitts, K.A. Smith:" NETWORK BASED VIDEO STORAGE FOR RETRIEVAL OVER THE ISDN", Storage and Recording Systems, 1994. International Conference on, 5-7 Apr 1994 Pages: 124 - 128
[6]R.L. Zheng, S.C. Ming: " DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE STUDY OF SCALABLE VIDEO STORAGE IN A DISK-ARRAY-BASED VIDEO SERVER", Multimedia and Expo. 2000. ICME 2000. 2000 IEEE International Conference on, Volume: 3, 30 Jul.-2 Aug. 2000, Pages: 1341 - 1344
[7]W.H.A Bruls, E.W. Salomons, A. van der Werf, R.K. Gunnewiek, L. Camiciotti: "A LOW COST AUDIO/VIDEO SINGEL-CHIP MPEG2 ENCODER FOR CONSUMER VIDEO STORAGE APPLICATION", Consumer Electronics, 2000. ICCE. 2000. Digest of Technical Papers. International Conference on, 13-15 June 2000 Pages: 314 - 315
[8]G. Bianchi, R. Melen, A. Rainoni: " Performance of video storage hierarchy in interactive video services networks " , Global
Telecommunications Conference, 1995. GLOBECOM '95, IEEE, Volume: 2, 13-17 Nov. 1995, Pages: 805 - 810 vol. 2
[9]K. Keeton, A. Drapeau, D. Patterson, R.H. Katz: "Storage alternatives for video service " , Mass Storage Systems, 1994. 'Towards Distributed Storage and Data Management Systems' First International Symposium. Proceedings, Thirteenth IEEE Symposium on, 12-16 June 1994, Pages: 100 - 105
[10]Ebrahimi, Touradj: "MPEG-4 video verification model: A video encoding/decoding algorithm based on content representation", Signal Processing:Image Communication Volume: 9, Issue: 4, May 1997, Page: 367-384
[11]罗玉平：“SDRAM视频存储控制器的设计与实现”，微型机与应用，Volume：21，Issue：9，2002，Page：23-25
[12]李向荣，韩雁飞：“一种新型硬盘录像系统的设计”，系统工程与电子技术，Volume：24，Issue：12，2002，Page：129-132
[13]高阳，陈世福：“基于矩阵的视频存储模式研究”，计算机应用与软件，Volume：18，Issue：2，2001，Page：64-70
[14]F. Mark:" IP SANS FOR VIDEO STORAGE", Emedia. Wilton, Volume: 16, Issue: 1, Jan. 2003, Page 14
[15]J.C. Van Bekkum: " THE EXCITING TAPE", Broadcasting Convention, 1997. International, 12-16 Sent. 1997, Pages: 206 - 211
[16]张子强：“谈谈RAID技术与硬盘存储技术的发展”，中国有线电视，Volume：5，2003，Page：25-26
[17]R. Schafer: "MPEG-4: a multi-media compression standard for interactive applications and services " , Electronics & Communication Engineering Journal, Volume:10, Issue: 6, Dec. 1998, Pages: 253 - 262
[18]J. Undewrwood, J. Wheeler: "Archiving the various video Lape formats ", Broadcast TV Recording, IEE Colloquium on, 8 Feb 1990, Pages: 5/1 - 5/3
[19]P.B. Mather, Neil: "Assessing video tape degradation", Security Technology, 1998. Proceedings, 32nd Annual 1998 International
Carnahan Conference on, 12-14 Oct. 1998, Pages: 220 - 224
[20]宋小民，“磁带存储技术”，世界广播电视，Volume：16，Issue：8，2002，Page：82-83
[21]N.K. Lodge:" Video compression techniques", Applications of Video Compression in Broadcasting, IEE Colloquium on, 20 Oct 1992, Pages: 2/1 - 214
[22]庞潼川：“视频压缩技术与标准”，数据通信，Volume：4，2002，Page：28-31
[23]郑大伟，韩焱：“视频压缩系统研究”，山西电子技术，Volume：4，2003，Page：12-13
[24]G.K. Wallace: " The JPEG still picture compression standard", Consumer Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, Volume: 38, Issue: 1, Feb. 1992, Pages: 18- 34
[25]W.L. Yuong, M.O. young: " Software-Based Motion JPEG with Progressive Refinement for Computer Animation " , Consumer Electronics, 1994. Digest of Technical Papers, IEEE 1994 International Conference on, JUNE 21-23, 1994, Pages: 226 - 227
[26]S. LIU: " Performance comparison of MPEG1 and MPEG2 video compression standards " , Compcon '96. 'Technologies for the Information Superhighway' Digest of Papers 25-28 Feb. 1996, Pages: 199 - 203
[27]K. Ishimaru, T. Fujii, T. Sawabe, J. Suzuki, S. Ono: "Transmission characteristics of MPEG2 encoded super high definition images", Global Telecommunications Conference, 1996. GLOBECOM Communications: The Key to Global Prosperity, Volume: 1, 18-22 Nov. 1996 , Pages: 289 - 293 vol.1
[28]黄磊，周海骄：“多媒体通信新标准”，信息技术(哈尔滨)，Volume：27，Issue：4，2003．Page：1-3
[29]D.P. Wu, Y.T. Hou, W.W. Zhu, Y. Q. Zhang, H.J. Chao: "MPEG4 compressed video over the Internet", Circuits and Systems, 1999. ISCAS '99 Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE International Symposium on, Volume: 4, 30 May-2 June 1999, Pages: 327 - 331 vol.4
[30]K. Karpouzis, A. Raouzaiou, P. Tzouveli, S. loannou, S. Kollias: "Mpeg4: one multimedia standard to unite all", Multimedia and Expo, 2003. ICME 03. Proceedings. 2003 International Conference on, Volume: 2, 6-9 July 2003, Pages: 81 - 84
[31]魏轶伟，熊剑平等：“基于IP的存储网络技术”，计算机工程与应用，Volume：38，Issue：13，2002，Page：156-158
[32]虞颖，李向阳等：“电视节目监录系统的设计技术及实践”，广播与电视技术，Volume：29，Issue：3，2002，Page：87-90
[33]T. Kurioka, H. Minami, H. Okuda, E. Ohshima: "A new video hard disk system for multimedia program production", Broadcasting, IEEE Transactions on, Volume: 42, Issue: 3, Sept. 1996, Pages: 222 - 228
[34]R.A. Miller, B. Bhushan: "Substrates for magnetic hard disks for gigabit recording" , Magnetics, IEEE Transactions on, Volume: 32, Issue: 3, May 1996, Pages: 1805 - 1811
[35]赵忠文，曾峦：“一种专用高速硬盘存储设备的设计与实现”，电子技术应用，Volume：28，Issue：8，2002，Page：18-20
[36]翟多佳，孙建松：“等基于光纤通道的实时数字图像存储”，电子设计应用，Volume：3，2003，Page：16-18
[37]龚东磊，胡继波：“IEEE1394高速串行总线及其应用”，计算机工程，Volume：28，Issue：11，2002，Page：237-239
[38]曲向峰：“关于USB硬盘的问题”，电脑应用文萃，Volume：1，2003，Page：42
[39]P. Zabback, J. Menon, J. Riegel: " The RAID configuration tool", High Performance Computing, 1996. Proceedings. 3rd International Conference on, 19-22 Dec. 1996, Pages: 55 - 61
[40]http://www. hikvision. com/
[41]http://www. intime. co. kr
[42]李博轩：“Visual C++6.0多媒体开发指南”，北京：清华大学出版社，2001．
[43]乔林，杨志刚：“Visual C++6.0高级编程技术(多媒体篇)”，北京：中国铁道出版社，2000
[44]Y. Keller, A. Averbuch: "Efficient global motion estimation for MPEG4 video compression", Electrical and Electronics Engineers in Israel, 2002. The 22nd Convention of, 1 Dec. 2002, Pages: 69 -71
[45]ISO/IEC14496-1999, MPEG4标准.
[46]钟玉琢，王琪，贺玉文：“基于对象的多媒体数据压缩编码国际标准—MPEG4及其校验模型”，科学出版社，2000．
[47]曾繁泰，陈美金：“VHDL程序设计”，北京：清华大学出版社，2001．
[48]王毅平，张振荣：“VHDL编程与仿真”，北京：人民邮电出版社，2000．
[49]NCITS 317-1998, ATA-4 规范.
[50]B.K. Fawcett: "Designing PCI bus interfaces with programmable logic", ASIC Conference and Exhibit, 1995, Proceedings of the Eighth Annual IEEE Int, 18-22 Sept. 1995, Pages: 321 - 324
[51][美]TOM Shanley Don Anderson，刘晖译：“PCI系统结构”，电子工业出版社，2000
[52]计算机总线技术基础知识：http://vegazheng.y365.com/jszc/010.htm
[53]ITU-R．BT．656，视频格式标准
[54]贾新章，武岳山：“OrCAD／Capture CIS 9实用教程”，西安电子科技大学出版社，2000．
[55]http://www.altera. com