普通小球藻与雨生血球藻的共培养效应研究
|
摘要
普通小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)属于绿藻门(Chlorophyta),绿藻纲(Chlorophyceae),绿球藻目(Chlorococcales),卵囊藻科(Oocystaceae),小球藻属。雨生血球藻(Haematococcuspluvialis)属于绿藻门(Chlorophyta),绿藻纲(Chlorophyceae),团藻目(Volvocales),红球藻科(Haematococceae),红球藻属。鉴于它们富含蛋白质、脂质、多糖和维生素等活性产物,因而成为食品、饵料、保健品、药品、和化妆品等行业竞相研究与开发的优识目标藻种。论文以普通小球藻和雨生血球藻为试验材料,进行了普通小球藻(C)和雨生血球藻(H)5种接种比例(9C:1H、7C:3H、5C:5H、3C:7H和1C:9H),4种氮、磷营养水平和添加方式,以及两种藻间化感效应等三部分实验,研究了普通小球藻与雨生血球藻在不同营养水平下的种间共培养生长效应问题。结果表明:(1)普通小球藻与雨生血球藻以适当接种比例的种间混合培养可以显著提高混合群体产量。4种N、P营养条件下,7C:3H和5C:5H两组处理下的混合藻细胞密度,生物量和叶绿素α都高于纯培养和其它接种比例处理。(2)N、P营养浓度和添加方式对共培养的普通小球藻和雨生血球藻的生长具有显著影响。补充添加N、P营养条件下两种藻的细胞密度、生物量和叶绿素α含量表现出显著促进现象,5C:5H处理的藻细胞密度比正常营养条件高46.3%,9C:1H处理的生物量和叶绿素α含量分别比正常营养条件高77.7%和58.4%。(3)普通小球藻与雨生血球藻混合培养下N、P营养的消耗量普遍高于纯培养处理。至共培养生长末期时,4种N、P营养条件下5C:5H处理的N、P营养消耗量最高,分别为92.7%-99.7%和98.8%-99.4%。(4)普通小球藻与雨生血球藻之间存在化感作用现象。普通小球藻滤液对雨生血球藻的生长具有较明显的化感促进效应,细胞密度的促进量为2.3%-15.8%。雨生血球藻滤液对普通小球藻在正常营养条件下存在化感促进效应,细胞密度的促进量为2.0%-16.8%;在限制营养条件下存在抑制效应,细胞密度的抑制率为10.0%-14.1%。
Chlorella vulgaris belongs to Chlorophyta,Chlorophyceae,Chlorococcales,Oocystaceae, Chlorella.Haematococcus pluvialis belongs to Chlorophyta,Chlorophyceae,Volvocales, Haematococceae,Haematococcus.As these two economic algae are rich in proteins,lipids, polysaccharides,vitamins and activity of metabolites,they have wide application prospect and scientific research value in food,cosmetics,health products and pharmaceutical industry and other fields.The experiments were carried out into co-culture Chlorella vulgaris(C) and Haematococcus pluvialis(H) under 5 inoculative proportions(9C:1H、7C:3H、5C:5H、3C:7H、1C:9H),4 different N、P nutrient co-cultivation and allelopathic effect experiments.The results showed(1) Appropriate inoculation ratios between Chlorella vulgaris and Haematococcus pluvialis could significantly improve the growth of co-cultured system.The treatments of 7C:3H and 5C:5H apparently showed algae promotion,which cell density,biomass and chlorophyll a were much more higher than other treatments and controls.(2) N、P nutrition and its adding method had significant impact on the growth of Chlorella vulgaris and Haematococcus pluvialis. In 4 different nutrition experiment,supplemental nutrition showed the highest cell density, biomass and chlorophyll a content,especially its treatment of 5C:5H,which result of cell density were 46.3%higher than that of nomal nutrition,and biomass and chl a of 9C:1H was 77.7%and 58.4%much higher than those of nomal nutrition.(3) N、P nutrient utilization in treatment of co-culture were much higher than mono-culture.At the end period of cell growth,the treatments of 5C:5H had the highest N、P nutrient utilization,92.7%-99.7%and 98.8%-99.4%respectively. (4) There were allelopathic effect between Chlorella vulgaris and Haematococcus pluvialis. Chlorella vulgaris(donor) had promotion effect on Haematococcus pluvialis(acceptor),which growth of cell denstiy was 2.3%-15.8%.Under nomal nutrition,filtrate from Haematococcus pluvialis had promotion effect on Chlorella vulgaris,which growth of cell density was 2.0%-16.8%;however,Under limited nutrition filtrate from Haematococcus pluvialis had inhibition effect on Chlorella vulgaris,and the inhibitory ratio was 10.0%-14.1%.
Chlorella vulgaris belongs to Chlorophyta,Chlorophyceae,Chlorococcales,Oocystaceae, Chlorella.Haematococcus pluvialis belongs to Chlorophyta,Chlorophyceae,Volvocales, Haematococceae,Haematococcus.As these two economic algae are rich in proteins,lipids, polysaccharides,vitamins and activity of metabolites,they have wide application prospect and scientific research value in food,cosmetics,health products and pharmaceutical industry and other fields.The experiments were carried out into co-culture Chlorella vulgaris(C) and Haematococcus pluvialis(H) under 5 inoculative proportions(9C:1H、7C:3H、5C:5H、3C:7H、1C:9H),4 different N、P nutrient co-cultivation and allelopathic effect experiments.The results showed(1) Appropriate inoculation ratios between Chlorella vulgaris and Haematococcus pluvialis could significantly improve the growth of co-cultured system.The treatments of 7C:3H and 5C:5H apparently showed algae promotion,which cell density,biomass and chlorophyll a were much more higher than other treatments and controls.(2) N、P nutrition and its adding method had significant impact on the growth of Chlorella vulgaris and Haematococcus pluvialis. In 4 different nutrition experiment,supplemental nutrition showed the highest cell density, biomass and chlorophyll a content,especially its treatment of 5C:5H,which result of cell density were 46.3%higher than that of nomal nutrition,and biomass and chl a of 9C:1H was 77.7%and 58.4%much higher than those of nomal nutrition.(3) N、P nutrient utilization in treatment of co-culture were much higher than mono-culture.At the end period of cell growth,the treatments of 5C:5H had the highest N、P nutrient utilization,92.7%-99.7%and 98.8%-99.4%respectively. (4) There were allelopathic effect between Chlorella vulgaris and Haematococcus pluvialis. Chlorella vulgaris(donor) had promotion effect on Haematococcus pluvialis(acceptor),which growth of cell denstiy was 2.3%-15.8%.Under nomal nutrition,filtrate from Haematococcus pluvialis had promotion effect on Chlorella vulgaris,which growth of cell density was 2.0%-16.8%;however,Under limited nutrition filtrate from Haematococcus pluvialis had inhibition effect on Chlorella vulgaris,and the inhibitory ratio was 10.0%-14.1%.
引文
[1]Adachi T,Miya A.Microalgac culturing reactor for carbon dioxide elimination and oxygen recovery CO_2 fixation activity under various irradiation cycle[J].SAE Transaction,941412.
[2]Akiba M,Noutoshi Y,Maki S,et al.Molecular Characterization of Chlorella Chromosomes:Screening of Bent DNAs[J].Nuleic Acide Symp Ser,1995,34:73-74.
[3]Arad SM.Natural pigments from red microalgae for use in foods and cosmetics[J].Trends Food Sci Technol,1992,3(4):92-97.
[4]Bazivamakenga R R,Leroux G D,Simard R R.Effects of Benzonic and Cinnamic onMembrane Permeability of Soybean Roots[J].Chem.Ecol.,1995,21:1271-1285.
[5]Bendich A.Biological functions of dietary carotenoids,in carotenoids in human health[M].New York:The New York Academy of Sciences,1993,38-48.
[6]Bolsunover A,Zhavoronks V.Prospects for using microalgae in life support system SAE Transaction,951496.
[7]Borowitzka M A.Microalgae as sources of pharmaceuticals and other biologically active compounds[J].Journal of Applied Phycology,1995,2(7):3-15.
[8]Breitenbach J,Misawa N,Kajiwara S,et al.Expression in Escherichia coli and properties of the carotene ketolase from Haematococcus pluvialis[J].FEMS Microbiol Lett,1996,140:241-246.
[9]Brown L M.Uptake of carbon dioxide from flue gas by microalgae[J].Energy Conversion Management,1996,37(6-8):1363-1367.
[10]Brown,M.R.The vitamin content of microalgae used in aquaculture[J].Journal of Applied Phycology,1999,11(3):247-255.
[11]Chandra S.Theegala.Contaminant washout in a hydraulically integrated serial turbidostat algal reactor[J].Aquacultural Engineering,1999,19(4):223-241.
[12]Chen F.High ind density culture of microalgae in heterotrophic growth[J].Trends in Biotechnol,1996,14(11):421-426.
[13]Davis,B C and Fourquiean T W.Competition between the tropical alga,Halimeda incrassate,and the seagrass,Thalassia testudinum[J].Aquatic Bota.,2001,71(3):217-232.
[14]Day J G,Tsavalos A J.An investigation of the heterotrophic culture of the green alga Tetraselmis[J].Journal of Applied Phycology,1996,(8):73-77.
[15]Dayan F E,Watson S B,Galindo J C G,et al.Phytotoxicity of Quassinoids:Physiological Responses and Structural Requirements[J].Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology,1999,65(1):15-24.
[16]Fistarol G O,Legrand C,Graneli E.Allelopathic effect of Prymnesium parvum on a natural plankton community[J].Mar.Eco.Prog.Ser,2003,255:115-125.
[17]Fitzgerald G P.Some factors in the competition or antagonism among bacteria,algae and aquatic weeds[J].Journal of Phycology,1969,5:51-359.
[18]Galindo J C G,Hernandez A,Dayan F E,et al.Dehydrozaluzanin C,a Natural Sesquiterpenolide,Causes Rapid Plasma Membrane Leakage[j].Phytochemistry,1999,52:805-813.
[19]Gran(?)li Edna,Johansson N.Increase in the production of allelopathic substances by Prymnesium parvum inds grown under N- or P- deficient conditions[J].Harmful Algae,2003,2:135-145.
[20]GrungM D,Souza FM L,BorowitzkaM,et al.Algal carotenoids 51,Secondary carotenoids Haematococcus pluvialis aphanospores as a source of(3S,3'S)-axtaxanthin esters[J].J.Appl.Phycol.,1992,(4):165-171.
[21]Harker M,Hirschberg J.Biosynthesis of ketocarotenoids in transgenic cyanohacteria expressing the algal gene for β-C-4-oxygenase,CrtO[J].FEBS Letters,1997,404:129-134.
[22]Hegarty S G and Villareal T A.Effects of light level and N:P supply ratio on the competition between Phaeocystiscf pouchetii(Hariot) Lagerheim(Prymnesiophyceae) and five diatom species[J].Experi.Mar.Bhgl.Ecol.,1998,226(2):241-258.
[23]Higashiyama T,Maki S,Yamade T.Molecular Organization of Chlorella vulgaris Chromosome[J].Mol Gen Genet,1995,246(1):29236.
[24]Holm N P and Armstrong.Role of nutrient limitation and competition in controlling the population Asterionella for mosa and Microcystis aeruginosa Kutz in semicontinuous culture[J].Limnology and Oceanograph,1981,26:672-684.
[25]Inderjit,Dakshini KMM.Algal allelopathy[J].Botanical Reviews,1994,60(2):182-196
[26]Keffer J E,Kleinheinz G T.Use of Chlorella vulgaris for CO_2 mitigation in a photobioreactor[J].Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology,2002,29:275-280.
[27]Konishi F.Antitumor effect induced by a hot water extract of Chlorella vulgaris[J].Cancer Immunol,1985,19(2):73-78.
[28]Kranzfelder J A.Carotenoids from mieroalgae[J].J.Phycol,1992,28(suppl.):11.
[29]Kubanek J,Prince EK,Myers T,et al.Allelopathic interactions modulate brevetoxin production in the red tide dinoflagellate Karenia brevis[C],In:Abstracts,12th International Conference on Harmful Algae,2006.O.09-02.
[30]Kurano N,kemoto H,Miyashita H,et al.Fixation and utilization of carbon dioxide by microalgal photosynthesis[J].Energy Conversion Management,1995,36(6):689-692.
[31]Kuwata A and Miyazaki,T.Effects of ammonium supply rates on competition between Microcystis novacekii(Cyanobacteria) and Scenedesmus quadricauda(Chlorophyta):simulation study[J].Ecol.Modell,2000,135(1):81-87.
[32]Lee Y K,Soh C W.Accumulation of astaxanthin in Haematococcus lacustris (Chlrophyta)[J].J of Phycology,1991,27:575-577.
[33]Lei A P,Wong Y S,Tarn N F.Removaal of Pyrene by Differentmicroalgal Species[J].Water Sci Techno,2002,46:1052201.
[34]Li FM,Hu H Y.Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Antialgal Allelochemical from Phragmites Communis[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2005,71(11):6545-6553.
[35]Ling Mupingguang.Biophysics function and utilization[J].Food and Development,1995,30(2):23-27.
[36]Maruyama I.Utilization of microalgae[J].Journal of Applied Phycology,1994,6(2):151-157.
[37]Matsunaga T,Takeyama J,et al.Glutamate production from CO_2 by marine cyanobacterium stnechococcus sp.using a novel biosolar reactor employing light diffusing optical fibers[J].Journal of Applied Phycology,1991,(28):157-167.
[38]Merchant R E,et al.Dietary chlorella pyrenoidosa for patients with malignant glioma:Effect on immunocompetence,quality of life and survival[J].Phytotherapy Research,1990,4(6):220-224.
[39]Miki W.Biological functions and activities of animal carotenoids[J].Pure.Appl.Chem.,1991,(63):141-146.
[40]Miya A,Adachi T,Umeda I.Preliminary study on microalgae culturing reactor for carbon dioxide elimination and oxygen recovery system[J].SAE Transaction,1993,93-127.
[41]Moliseh,Hans,Der EinlluB einer Pflanze auf die andere.Allelopathie.Gustav Fischer,Jena.1937,106 S.,15 Abb.,Kartoniert RM.4,50.
[42]Navalho J,Cristo C,Valle Inclan Y,et al."Hytobloom":Microalgae Solution for Aquaculture.Larvi' 01-Fish& Shellfish Larviculture Symposium[M].Hendry C I,Van Stappen G,Wille M,et al(Eds).European Aquaculture Society,Oostende:Special Publication,2001:412-415.
[43]Ogbonna J C,Masui H,Tanaka H.Sequential heterotrophic/autotrophic cultivation-An efficient method of producing chlorella biomass for health food and animal feed[J].Journal of Applied Phycology,1997,(9):359-366.
[44]Ogbonna J C,Yoshizawa H,Tanaka H.Treatment of high strength organic wastewater by a mixed culture of photosynthetic microorganisms[J].Journal of Applied Phycology,2000,12(3-5):277-284.
[45]Pattnaik P.Algae as animal feed potentials to reality[J].Indian Dairyman,1999,51(1):13-18.
[46]Phatarpekar P V,Sreepada R A,Pednekar C,et al.A comparative study on growth performance and biochemical composition of mixed culture of Isochrysis galbana and Chaetoceros calcitrans with monocultures[J].Aquaculture,2000,(181):141-155.
[47]Piazzi L et al.Comparative study of the growth of the two cooccurring introduced green algae Caulerpa taxifolia and Caulerpa racemosa along the Tuscan coast(Italy,Western Mediterranean)[J].Cryptogamie Lgologie,2001,22(4):459-466.
[48]Pinnan Soong.Production and development of chlorella and spirulina inTaiwan[A].In:Shelef and Soeder CJed.Algae Biomass Production and Use[M].Amserdam,1997:103-106.
[49]Pratt C M.Competition between Skeletonema costatum and Olisthodiscus luteus in Narragansett Bay and in culture[J].Limnol.Oceanogr.,1966,11:447.
[50]Renaud S M.The grass chemical composition and fatty acid composition 18 species of tropical Australian microalgae or possible use in mariculture[J].Aquaculture,1999 170(2):147-159.
[51]Renstrom B,Borch G,et al.Natural Occurrence of Enantiometric and Meso-Astaxanthin.3.Optical Purity of(3s,3's)-Astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis[J].Phytochemistry,1981,20:2561-2564.
[52]Rice E L.In:Putnam A R,Tang C S(eds),The Scince of Allelopathy,John Wiley & Sons Inc.,New York.1986
[53]SHI Xian-Ming,CHEN Feng.Chlorella and Production of Carotenoid[M].Beijing:Light Industry Press of China.1999,55291.
[54]Sommer T R,Poas W T,Morrisy N M.Utilization of microalgal astaxanthin by rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)[J].Aquaculture,1991,94(1):79-88.
[55]Terao J.Antioxidant activity of β-carotene-related carotenoids in Solution[J].Lipids,1989,24:659-661.
[56]Uchido M.Microbial conversion of microalgae into a detrital hatchery diet[J].Japan Agri.Res.Quarterly,1999,33(4):295-301.
[57]Voltera V.Fluctuation in the abundance of a species considered mathematically.Nature,1926,118:558-560.
[58]Whyte J N C,Bourne N,Hodgson C A.Nutritional condition of rock scallop,Crassadom a gigantea(Gray),larvae fed mixed algal diets[J].Aquaculture,1990,(86):25-40.
[59]Wium Andersen S,Anthoni U,Houen G..Elemental sulfur,possible allelopathic compounds from Ceratophyllum demersum[J].Phytochemistry,1983,22:2613.
[60]Zeiler K G,Heacox D A,Toon S et al.The use of microalgae for assimilation and utilization of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel-fired power plant flue gas[J].Energy Conversion Management.1995,36(6-9):707-712.
[61]Zou N,Richmond A.Light path length and population density in photoacclimation of Nannochloropsis sp.(Eustigmatophyceae)[J].Journal of Applied Phycology,2000,12:349-354.
[62]蔡恒江,唐学玺,张培玉,等.不同起始密度对3种赤潮微藻种间竞争的影响[J].生态学报,2005,25(6):1331-1336.
[63]蔡卓平,段舜山.杜氏盐藻和亚心型扁藻混合培养生长的初步研究[J].水产科学,2008,27(7):330-333.
[64]陈德辉,刘永定.微囊藻和栅藻共培养实验及其竞争参数的计算[J].生态学报,1999, 19(6):908-913.
[65]陈峰.微藻生物技术[M].北京:轻工业出版社,1999:3-5.
[66]陈烨,冯婧,严小军.3种常见赤潮藻间相互作用的研究[J].宁波理工大学学报(理工版),2007,20(3):311-314.
[67]程双奇.螺旋藻的营养评价[J].营养学报,1990,12(4):415-417.
[68]单爱琴,郭小品,郝红艳,程伟,纪振.磷对云龙湖富营养化优势藻及混合藻生长的影响[J].环境科学与技术,2006,29(8),36-38.
[69]董庆霖,赵学明.雨生红球藻和红发夫酵母混合培养体系的氮代谢机理[J].天津大学学报,2006,6(39):31-34.
[70]董云伟,董双林,刘相义.不同起始浓度对塔玛亚历山大藻和赤潮异弯藻种群竞争的影响[J].中国海洋大学学报,2004,27(5),964-968.
[71]郭宝江.螺旋藻多糖对植物细胞辐射损伤的保护[J].植物学报,1992,34(10):8-9.
[72]古绍彬,虞龙,向砥等.利用海洋微藻生产DHA和EPA的研究现状及前景[J].中国水产科学,2001,3(8):90-93.
[73]何白莎,田景波,陈庆生.高效能、封闭式单胞藻类培养装置的研制[J].中国水产科学研究院学报,1991,(4):62-69.
[74]何培民.螺旋藻在我国水产养殖业应用与研究的现状和前景[J].上海水产大学学报,1998,7(2):149-154.
[75]胡开辉,周山勇.小球藻细胞活性物质的提取及对啤酒酵母的生理效应[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(8):1572-1576.
[76]李荷芳,周汉秋.营养盐对小球藻的生长、脂肪含量及EPA含量影响的研究[J].海洋科学集刊,2000,10(42):55-64.
[77]刘公臣.β-胡萝卜素对肿瘤的防治作用[J].国外医学中医药分册,1991,13(4):7-10.
[78]刘健康.高级水生生物学[M].北京:农业出版社,1999.68-72.
[79]刘洁生,谢瑾,杨维东等.营养盐限制条件下塔玛亚历山大藻对东海原甲藻的化感作用研究[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2006,14(3):207-212.
[80]刘世枚,黎尚豪.两种蓝藻种群间的相互作用[J].植物学报,1991,33:110-117.
[81]刘学铭,梁世中.小球藻的保健和药理作用[J].中草药,1999,5(30):383-386.
[82]刘艳辉.螺旋藻在水产饲料中的应用[J].广东饲料,1998,(5):19-20.
[83]刘志伟,余若黔,郭勇.微藻培养的光生物反应器[J].现代化工,2000,20(12):56-58.
[84]吕福荣,杨海波,李英敏.小球藻净化污水中氮磷能力的研究[J-].生物学杂志,2003,20(2):25-26.
[85]马宇翔,李建宏,浩云涛.自养与异养条件下小球藻对氮、磷的利用[J].南京师大学报(自然科学版),2002,25(2),37-41.
[86]茅华,许海,刘兆普.不同起始细胞数量对旋链角毛藻和中肋骨条藻种群竞争的影响[J].海洋环境科学,2008,27(5),458-461.
[87]缪国荣,宫庆礼,王进和等.单胞藻等薄膜袋封闭式培养技术的研究[J].青岛海洋大学,1989,19(3):119-124.
[88]庞启深,郭宝江,阮继红.螺旋藻对核酸内切酶活性和DNA修复合成的增强作用[J].遗传学报,1998,15(5):374-377.
[89]庞启深.螺旋藻抗辐射多糖的提纯分析[J].生物化学与生物物理学报,1989,21:445-449.
[90]彭卫民.钝顶螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白性质的研究[J].中国农业大学学报,1999,增刊,35-38.
[91]齐雨藻,张家平.中国沿海的赤潮—深圳湾富营养化与赤潮研究[J].暨南大学学报(自然科学版,赤潮研究专刊),1989,10:25231.
[92]秦桂香.微藻的研究和开发动态[J].青岛科技,2002,9(1):37-38.
[93]孙建明,吴垠,桂远明等.海洋微藻全封闭式、连续培养初步试验[J].水产科学,2003,22(3):22-24.
[94]孙灵毅,王力勇,赵强.3种微藻兼养培养及营养成分的比较[J].大连水产学院学报,2004,19(2):146-149.
[95]孙鹏,胡君艳,李瑞强.螺旋藻多糖的结构及生物学活性研究[J].中国生化药物杂志,2005,3(26):185-187.
[96]唐玫.螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白和藻多糖对人体外周血淋巴细胞功能的影响[J].华南师范大学学报,1998,(4):63-67.
[97]唐学玺,蔡恒江,张培玉.UV-B辐射增强对亚历山大藻和赤潮异弯藻种群竞争的影响[J].环境科学学报,2005,25(3):340-345.
[98]王长云,傅秀梅,管华诗.海洋功能食品研究现状和展望[J].海洋科学,1997,2:20-23.
[99]王兰刚,徐姗楠,何文辉等.海洋大型绿藻条浒苔与微藻三角褐指藻相生相克作用的研究[J].海洋渔业,2007,29(2):103-108.
[100]王如才,曲学存,张群乐.柱式培养小新月菱形藻的方法好[J].海洋湖沼通报, 1982,(4):5-11.
[101]王业勤,李勤生.天然类胡萝素—研究进展、生产、应用[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,1997.
[102]王业勤,李勤生.小球藻应用研究动态[J].微生物学通报,1985,12(6):275-277.
[103]王友顺,汪庭.螺旋藻多糖对CD3AK细胞增殖能力的影响[J].海洋科学,1998,(3):37-39.
[104]王宗灵,李瑞香,朱明远.半连续培养下东海原甲藻和中肋骨条藻种群生长过程与种间竞争研究[J].海洋科学进展,2006,10(24):495-503.
[105]吴洁,张成武,刘义峰.极大螺旋藻多糖IPIIA,IPIIB的理化特性及抗肿瘤活性研究[J].中国生物化学与分子生物学报,1998,14(6):751-755.
[106]吴曼,李文权,张赛金等.海洋微藻多糖提取纯化条件的研究[J].海洋技术,2004,23(1):9-12.
[107]吴庆,蔡昭玲,丛威等.从微藻中提取多不饱和脂肪酸[J].北京化工大学学报,2004,31(4):528.
[108]徐建祥.利用微藻培养生产片的进展[J].食品工业科技,2003,11:88-90.
[109]项俊,栗茂腾,吴耿等.黄淮海湿地系统典型挺水植物对水华藻类的化感效应[J].生态环境,2008,17(2):506-510.
[110]许丹妮.固定化小球藻净化市政污水的初步研究[Jr].北方环境,2004,29(2):14-18.
[111]杨小茹,苏建强,郑天凌.化感作用在赤潮调控中的意义及前景[J].环境科学学报,2008,28(2):219-226.
[112]张宝玉,李夜光,李中奎等.温度,光照强度和pH对雨生红球藻光合作用和生长速率的影响[J].
[113]张冬鹏,武宝王干.几种赤潮藻对温度、氮、磷的响应及藻间相互作用的研究[J].暨南大学学报(自然科学版),2000,10(21):82-87.
[114]张向阳,邢丽贞,张彦浩.固定化小球藻去除污水中氮、磷的试验研究[J].中国给水排水,2008,24(1):95-101.
[115]张英,蔡明刚,齐安翔等.维生素B1,B12在雨生红球藻不同培养阶段的作用研究[J].厦门大学学报:自然科学版,2004,
[116]周成旭,马斌,汪飞雄,等.海洋原甲藻与三角褐指藻混合培养条件下的种群生长与氮磷营养盐变化[J].海洋科学,2006,30(12):58-61.
[117]周永欣,章宗涉.水生生物毒理试验方法[M].北京:农业出版社,1989.
[118]朱从举,齐雨藻,郭昌弼.铁、氮、磷、维生素B1和B12对海洋原甲藻的生长效应[J].海洋与湖沼,1994,25(2):1662172.
[119]庄惠如,施巧琴,卢海声,等.营养胁迫对雨生红球藻虾青素累积的影响[J].水生生物学报,2000,24(3):208-212.
[2]Akiba M,Noutoshi Y,Maki S,et al.Molecular Characterization of Chlorella Chromosomes:Screening of Bent DNAs[J].Nuleic Acide Symp Ser,1995,34:73-74.
[3]Arad SM.Natural pigments from red microalgae for use in foods and cosmetics[J].Trends Food Sci Technol,1992,3(4):92-97.
[4]Bazivamakenga R R,Leroux G D,Simard R R.Effects of Benzonic and Cinnamic onMembrane Permeability of Soybean Roots[J].Chem.Ecol.,1995,21:1271-1285.
[5]Bendich A.Biological functions of dietary carotenoids,in carotenoids in human health[M].New York:The New York Academy of Sciences,1993,38-48.
[6]Bolsunover A,Zhavoronks V.Prospects for using microalgae in life support system SAE Transaction,951496.
[7]Borowitzka M A.Microalgae as sources of pharmaceuticals and other biologically active compounds[J].Journal of Applied Phycology,1995,2(7):3-15.
[8]Breitenbach J,Misawa N,Kajiwara S,et al.Expression in Escherichia coli and properties of the carotene ketolase from Haematococcus pluvialis[J].FEMS Microbiol Lett,1996,140:241-246.
[9]Brown L M.Uptake of carbon dioxide from flue gas by microalgae[J].Energy Conversion Management,1996,37(6-8):1363-1367.
[10]Brown,M.R.The vitamin content of microalgae used in aquaculture[J].Journal of Applied Phycology,1999,11(3):247-255.
[11]Chandra S.Theegala.Contaminant washout in a hydraulically integrated serial turbidostat algal reactor[J].Aquacultural Engineering,1999,19(4):223-241.
[12]Chen F.High ind density culture of microalgae in heterotrophic growth[J].Trends in Biotechnol,1996,14(11):421-426.
[13]Davis,B C and Fourquiean T W.Competition between the tropical alga,Halimeda incrassate,and the seagrass,Thalassia testudinum[J].Aquatic Bota.,2001,71(3):217-232.
[14]Day J G,Tsavalos A J.An investigation of the heterotrophic culture of the green alga Tetraselmis[J].Journal of Applied Phycology,1996,(8):73-77.
[15]Dayan F E,Watson S B,Galindo J C G,et al.Phytotoxicity of Quassinoids:Physiological Responses and Structural Requirements[J].Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology,1999,65(1):15-24.
[16]Fistarol G O,Legrand C,Graneli E.Allelopathic effect of Prymnesium parvum on a natural plankton community[J].Mar.Eco.Prog.Ser,2003,255:115-125.
[17]Fitzgerald G P.Some factors in the competition or antagonism among bacteria,algae and aquatic weeds[J].Journal of Phycology,1969,5:51-359.
[18]Galindo J C G,Hernandez A,Dayan F E,et al.Dehydrozaluzanin C,a Natural Sesquiterpenolide,Causes Rapid Plasma Membrane Leakage[j].Phytochemistry,1999,52:805-813.
[19]Gran(?)li Edna,Johansson N.Increase in the production of allelopathic substances by Prymnesium parvum inds grown under N- or P- deficient conditions[J].Harmful Algae,2003,2:135-145.
[20]GrungM D,Souza FM L,BorowitzkaM,et al.Algal carotenoids 51,Secondary carotenoids Haematococcus pluvialis aphanospores as a source of(3S,3'S)-axtaxanthin esters[J].J.Appl.Phycol.,1992,(4):165-171.
[21]Harker M,Hirschberg J.Biosynthesis of ketocarotenoids in transgenic cyanohacteria expressing the algal gene for β-C-4-oxygenase,CrtO[J].FEBS Letters,1997,404:129-134.
[22]Hegarty S G and Villareal T A.Effects of light level and N:P supply ratio on the competition between Phaeocystiscf pouchetii(Hariot) Lagerheim(Prymnesiophyceae) and five diatom species[J].Experi.Mar.Bhgl.Ecol.,1998,226(2):241-258.
[23]Higashiyama T,Maki S,Yamade T.Molecular Organization of Chlorella vulgaris Chromosome[J].Mol Gen Genet,1995,246(1):29236.
[24]Holm N P and Armstrong.Role of nutrient limitation and competition in controlling the population Asterionella for mosa and Microcystis aeruginosa Kutz in semicontinuous culture[J].Limnology and Oceanograph,1981,26:672-684.
[25]Inderjit,Dakshini KMM.Algal allelopathy[J].Botanical Reviews,1994,60(2):182-196
[26]Keffer J E,Kleinheinz G T.Use of Chlorella vulgaris for CO_2 mitigation in a photobioreactor[J].Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology,2002,29:275-280.
[27]Konishi F.Antitumor effect induced by a hot water extract of Chlorella vulgaris[J].Cancer Immunol,1985,19(2):73-78.
[28]Kranzfelder J A.Carotenoids from mieroalgae[J].J.Phycol,1992,28(suppl.):11.
[29]Kubanek J,Prince EK,Myers T,et al.Allelopathic interactions modulate brevetoxin production in the red tide dinoflagellate Karenia brevis[C],In:Abstracts,12th International Conference on Harmful Algae,2006.O.09-02.
[30]Kurano N,kemoto H,Miyashita H,et al.Fixation and utilization of carbon dioxide by microalgal photosynthesis[J].Energy Conversion Management,1995,36(6):689-692.
[31]Kuwata A and Miyazaki,T.Effects of ammonium supply rates on competition between Microcystis novacekii(Cyanobacteria) and Scenedesmus quadricauda(Chlorophyta):simulation study[J].Ecol.Modell,2000,135(1):81-87.
[32]Lee Y K,Soh C W.Accumulation of astaxanthin in Haematococcus lacustris (Chlrophyta)[J].J of Phycology,1991,27:575-577.
[33]Lei A P,Wong Y S,Tarn N F.Removaal of Pyrene by Differentmicroalgal Species[J].Water Sci Techno,2002,46:1052201.
[34]Li FM,Hu H Y.Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Antialgal Allelochemical from Phragmites Communis[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2005,71(11):6545-6553.
[35]Ling Mupingguang.Biophysics function and utilization[J].Food and Development,1995,30(2):23-27.
[36]Maruyama I.Utilization of microalgae[J].Journal of Applied Phycology,1994,6(2):151-157.
[37]Matsunaga T,Takeyama J,et al.Glutamate production from CO_2 by marine cyanobacterium stnechococcus sp.using a novel biosolar reactor employing light diffusing optical fibers[J].Journal of Applied Phycology,1991,(28):157-167.
[38]Merchant R E,et al.Dietary chlorella pyrenoidosa for patients with malignant glioma:Effect on immunocompetence,quality of life and survival[J].Phytotherapy Research,1990,4(6):220-224.
[39]Miki W.Biological functions and activities of animal carotenoids[J].Pure.Appl.Chem.,1991,(63):141-146.
[40]Miya A,Adachi T,Umeda I.Preliminary study on microalgae culturing reactor for carbon dioxide elimination and oxygen recovery system[J].SAE Transaction,1993,93-127.
[41]Moliseh,Hans,Der EinlluB einer Pflanze auf die andere.Allelopathie.Gustav Fischer,Jena.1937,106 S.,15 Abb.,Kartoniert RM.4,50.
[42]Navalho J,Cristo C,Valle Inclan Y,et al."Hytobloom":Microalgae Solution for Aquaculture.Larvi' 01-Fish& Shellfish Larviculture Symposium[M].Hendry C I,Van Stappen G,Wille M,et al(Eds).European Aquaculture Society,Oostende:Special Publication,2001:412-415.
[43]Ogbonna J C,Masui H,Tanaka H.Sequential heterotrophic/autotrophic cultivation-An efficient method of producing chlorella biomass for health food and animal feed[J].Journal of Applied Phycology,1997,(9):359-366.
[44]Ogbonna J C,Yoshizawa H,Tanaka H.Treatment of high strength organic wastewater by a mixed culture of photosynthetic microorganisms[J].Journal of Applied Phycology,2000,12(3-5):277-284.
[45]Pattnaik P.Algae as animal feed potentials to reality[J].Indian Dairyman,1999,51(1):13-18.
[46]Phatarpekar P V,Sreepada R A,Pednekar C,et al.A comparative study on growth performance and biochemical composition of mixed culture of Isochrysis galbana and Chaetoceros calcitrans with monocultures[J].Aquaculture,2000,(181):141-155.
[47]Piazzi L et al.Comparative study of the growth of the two cooccurring introduced green algae Caulerpa taxifolia and Caulerpa racemosa along the Tuscan coast(Italy,Western Mediterranean)[J].Cryptogamie Lgologie,2001,22(4):459-466.
[48]Pinnan Soong.Production and development of chlorella and spirulina inTaiwan[A].In:Shelef and Soeder CJed.Algae Biomass Production and Use[M].Amserdam,1997:103-106.
[49]Pratt C M.Competition between Skeletonema costatum and Olisthodiscus luteus in Narragansett Bay and in culture[J].Limnol.Oceanogr.,1966,11:447.
[50]Renaud S M.The grass chemical composition and fatty acid composition 18 species of tropical Australian microalgae or possible use in mariculture[J].Aquaculture,1999 170(2):147-159.
[51]Renstrom B,Borch G,et al.Natural Occurrence of Enantiometric and Meso-Astaxanthin.3.Optical Purity of(3s,3's)-Astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis[J].Phytochemistry,1981,20:2561-2564.
[52]Rice E L.In:Putnam A R,Tang C S(eds),The Scince of Allelopathy,John Wiley & Sons Inc.,New York.1986
[53]SHI Xian-Ming,CHEN Feng.Chlorella and Production of Carotenoid[M].Beijing:Light Industry Press of China.1999,55291.
[54]Sommer T R,Poas W T,Morrisy N M.Utilization of microalgal astaxanthin by rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)[J].Aquaculture,1991,94(1):79-88.
[55]Terao J.Antioxidant activity of β-carotene-related carotenoids in Solution[J].Lipids,1989,24:659-661.
[56]Uchido M.Microbial conversion of microalgae into a detrital hatchery diet[J].Japan Agri.Res.Quarterly,1999,33(4):295-301.
[57]Voltera V.Fluctuation in the abundance of a species considered mathematically.Nature,1926,118:558-560.
[58]Whyte J N C,Bourne N,Hodgson C A.Nutritional condition of rock scallop,Crassadom a gigantea(Gray),larvae fed mixed algal diets[J].Aquaculture,1990,(86):25-40.
[59]Wium Andersen S,Anthoni U,Houen G..Elemental sulfur,possible allelopathic compounds from Ceratophyllum demersum[J].Phytochemistry,1983,22:2613.
[60]Zeiler K G,Heacox D A,Toon S et al.The use of microalgae for assimilation and utilization of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel-fired power plant flue gas[J].Energy Conversion Management.1995,36(6-9):707-712.
[61]Zou N,Richmond A.Light path length and population density in photoacclimation of Nannochloropsis sp.(Eustigmatophyceae)[J].Journal of Applied Phycology,2000,12:349-354.
[62]蔡恒江,唐学玺,张培玉,等.不同起始密度对3种赤潮微藻种间竞争的影响[J].生态学报,2005,25(6):1331-1336.
[63]蔡卓平,段舜山.杜氏盐藻和亚心型扁藻混合培养生长的初步研究[J].水产科学,2008,27(7):330-333.
[64]陈德辉,刘永定.微囊藻和栅藻共培养实验及其竞争参数的计算[J].生态学报,1999, 19(6):908-913.
[65]陈峰.微藻生物技术[M].北京:轻工业出版社,1999:3-5.
[66]陈烨,冯婧,严小军.3种常见赤潮藻间相互作用的研究[J].宁波理工大学学报(理工版),2007,20(3):311-314.
[67]程双奇.螺旋藻的营养评价[J].营养学报,1990,12(4):415-417.
[68]单爱琴,郭小品,郝红艳,程伟,纪振.磷对云龙湖富营养化优势藻及混合藻生长的影响[J].环境科学与技术,2006,29(8),36-38.
[69]董庆霖,赵学明.雨生红球藻和红发夫酵母混合培养体系的氮代谢机理[J].天津大学学报,2006,6(39):31-34.
[70]董云伟,董双林,刘相义.不同起始浓度对塔玛亚历山大藻和赤潮异弯藻种群竞争的影响[J].中国海洋大学学报,2004,27(5),964-968.
[71]郭宝江.螺旋藻多糖对植物细胞辐射损伤的保护[J].植物学报,1992,34(10):8-9.
[72]古绍彬,虞龙,向砥等.利用海洋微藻生产DHA和EPA的研究现状及前景[J].中国水产科学,2001,3(8):90-93.
[73]何白莎,田景波,陈庆生.高效能、封闭式单胞藻类培养装置的研制[J].中国水产科学研究院学报,1991,(4):62-69.
[74]何培民.螺旋藻在我国水产养殖业应用与研究的现状和前景[J].上海水产大学学报,1998,7(2):149-154.
[75]胡开辉,周山勇.小球藻细胞活性物质的提取及对啤酒酵母的生理效应[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(8):1572-1576.
[76]李荷芳,周汉秋.营养盐对小球藻的生长、脂肪含量及EPA含量影响的研究[J].海洋科学集刊,2000,10(42):55-64.
[77]刘公臣.β-胡萝卜素对肿瘤的防治作用[J].国外医学中医药分册,1991,13(4):7-10.
[78]刘健康.高级水生生物学[M].北京:农业出版社,1999.68-72.
[79]刘洁生,谢瑾,杨维东等.营养盐限制条件下塔玛亚历山大藻对东海原甲藻的化感作用研究[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2006,14(3):207-212.
[80]刘世枚,黎尚豪.两种蓝藻种群间的相互作用[J].植物学报,1991,33:110-117.
[81]刘学铭,梁世中.小球藻的保健和药理作用[J].中草药,1999,5(30):383-386.
[82]刘艳辉.螺旋藻在水产饲料中的应用[J].广东饲料,1998,(5):19-20.
[83]刘志伟,余若黔,郭勇.微藻培养的光生物反应器[J].现代化工,2000,20(12):56-58.
[84]吕福荣,杨海波,李英敏.小球藻净化污水中氮磷能力的研究[J-].生物学杂志,2003,20(2):25-26.
[85]马宇翔,李建宏,浩云涛.自养与异养条件下小球藻对氮、磷的利用[J].南京师大学报(自然科学版),2002,25(2),37-41.
[86]茅华,许海,刘兆普.不同起始细胞数量对旋链角毛藻和中肋骨条藻种群竞争的影响[J].海洋环境科学,2008,27(5),458-461.
[87]缪国荣,宫庆礼,王进和等.单胞藻等薄膜袋封闭式培养技术的研究[J].青岛海洋大学,1989,19(3):119-124.
[88]庞启深,郭宝江,阮继红.螺旋藻对核酸内切酶活性和DNA修复合成的增强作用[J].遗传学报,1998,15(5):374-377.
[89]庞启深.螺旋藻抗辐射多糖的提纯分析[J].生物化学与生物物理学报,1989,21:445-449.
[90]彭卫民.钝顶螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白性质的研究[J].中国农业大学学报,1999,增刊,35-38.
[91]齐雨藻,张家平.中国沿海的赤潮—深圳湾富营养化与赤潮研究[J].暨南大学学报(自然科学版,赤潮研究专刊),1989,10:25231.
[92]秦桂香.微藻的研究和开发动态[J].青岛科技,2002,9(1):37-38.
[93]孙建明,吴垠,桂远明等.海洋微藻全封闭式、连续培养初步试验[J].水产科学,2003,22(3):22-24.
[94]孙灵毅,王力勇,赵强.3种微藻兼养培养及营养成分的比较[J].大连水产学院学报,2004,19(2):146-149.
[95]孙鹏,胡君艳,李瑞强.螺旋藻多糖的结构及生物学活性研究[J].中国生化药物杂志,2005,3(26):185-187.
[96]唐玫.螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白和藻多糖对人体外周血淋巴细胞功能的影响[J].华南师范大学学报,1998,(4):63-67.
[97]唐学玺,蔡恒江,张培玉.UV-B辐射增强对亚历山大藻和赤潮异弯藻种群竞争的影响[J].环境科学学报,2005,25(3):340-345.
[98]王长云,傅秀梅,管华诗.海洋功能食品研究现状和展望[J].海洋科学,1997,2:20-23.
[99]王兰刚,徐姗楠,何文辉等.海洋大型绿藻条浒苔与微藻三角褐指藻相生相克作用的研究[J].海洋渔业,2007,29(2):103-108.
[100]王如才,曲学存,张群乐.柱式培养小新月菱形藻的方法好[J].海洋湖沼通报, 1982,(4):5-11.
[101]王业勤,李勤生.天然类胡萝素—研究进展、生产、应用[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,1997.
[102]王业勤,李勤生.小球藻应用研究动态[J].微生物学通报,1985,12(6):275-277.
[103]王友顺,汪庭.螺旋藻多糖对CD3AK细胞增殖能力的影响[J].海洋科学,1998,(3):37-39.
[104]王宗灵,李瑞香,朱明远.半连续培养下东海原甲藻和中肋骨条藻种群生长过程与种间竞争研究[J].海洋科学进展,2006,10(24):495-503.
[105]吴洁,张成武,刘义峰.极大螺旋藻多糖IPIIA,IPIIB的理化特性及抗肿瘤活性研究[J].中国生物化学与分子生物学报,1998,14(6):751-755.
[106]吴曼,李文权,张赛金等.海洋微藻多糖提取纯化条件的研究[J].海洋技术,2004,23(1):9-12.
[107]吴庆,蔡昭玲,丛威等.从微藻中提取多不饱和脂肪酸[J].北京化工大学学报,2004,31(4):528.
[108]徐建祥.利用微藻培养生产片的进展[J].食品工业科技,2003,11:88-90.
[109]项俊,栗茂腾,吴耿等.黄淮海湿地系统典型挺水植物对水华藻类的化感效应[J].生态环境,2008,17(2):506-510.
[110]许丹妮.固定化小球藻净化市政污水的初步研究[Jr].北方环境,2004,29(2):14-18.
[111]杨小茹,苏建强,郑天凌.化感作用在赤潮调控中的意义及前景[J].环境科学学报,2008,28(2):219-226.
[112]张宝玉,李夜光,李中奎等.温度,光照强度和pH对雨生红球藻光合作用和生长速率的影响[J].
[113]张冬鹏,武宝王干.几种赤潮藻对温度、氮、磷的响应及藻间相互作用的研究[J].暨南大学学报(自然科学版),2000,10(21):82-87.
[114]张向阳,邢丽贞,张彦浩.固定化小球藻去除污水中氮、磷的试验研究[J].中国给水排水,2008,24(1):95-101.
[115]张英,蔡明刚,齐安翔等.维生素B1,B12在雨生红球藻不同培养阶段的作用研究[J].厦门大学学报:自然科学版,2004,
[116]周成旭,马斌,汪飞雄,等.海洋原甲藻与三角褐指藻混合培养条件下的种群生长与氮磷营养盐变化[J].海洋科学,2006,30(12):58-61.
[117]周永欣,章宗涉.水生生物毒理试验方法[M].北京:农业出版社,1989.
[118]朱从举,齐雨藻,郭昌弼.铁、氮、磷、维生素B1和B12对海洋原甲藻的生长效应[J].海洋与湖沼,1994,25(2):1662172.
[119]庄惠如,施巧琴,卢海声,等.营养胁迫对雨生红球藻虾青素累积的影响[J].水生生物学报,2000,24(3):208-212.