长春市综合医院带教护士职业高原现状分析与对策研究
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摘要
随着社会的进步及医学模式的转变,人们对生活水平和生命质量的要求越来越高,对以人为中心的整体护理的需求越来越强烈,这就需要高层次、高技能的护理人员,临床实习期正是培养护生成为一名合格护士、提高其综合能力的关键阶段,临床带教护士在护生的临床实习阶段起着桥梁和纽带的作用,临床带教护士的知识水平、专业素质及能力直接影响着护理教育的整体质量和所培养出的护理人才的素质,因此探讨如何从临床带教护士的角度提高护生的实习质量,成为护理教育研究的热点。目前由于人们对护理工作还不是十分重视,护士的社会地位不高、得不到应有的尊重、工作辛苦、待遇低等种种原因导致大部分临床带教护士过早的进入职业成长的停滞、衰退阶段,这个阶段可以看作是临床带教护士职业生涯的高原期,最终将影响临床带教质量。因此,能否找到临床带教护士职业高原现象产生的原因及突破职业高原现象的有效策略,将直接影响护生的专业成长和护理质量的提升。
本文随机抽取长春市四所综合性三级甲等医院400名临床带教护士作为调查对象,进行问卷调查,调查问卷包括人口学资料、职业高原问卷及职业高原影响因素问卷。收集到的有效数据输入SPSS13.0进行统计分析,用描述性统计、T检验、单因素方差分析及多元逐步回归等方法分析长春市综合医院临床带教护士职业高原现状及临床带教护士职业高原现象产生的原因;并根据调查结果从社会、个人及医院三方面提出了应对临床带教护士职业高原现象的策略。
Purposes:
This thesis mainly understand the situation of clinical nursing teacher of polyclinic in Changchun by Survey; by the findings of the analysis, Analysis what factors influence the clinical teaching nursing career plateau, then make some Countermeasures to help clinical teaching nurses get out of Career Plateau.
Methods:
Selecting 400 clinical nursing teachers from four integrated hospitals as survey object by random sampling method;The questionnaire includes general information, the career plateau scale and professional plateau Factors questionnaire. Valid data is entered in the Epidate database, and then it is analyzed by SPSS 13.0. Age, marital status, first degree, the score of overall career plateau and three dimensions career plateau and so on is described by descriptive statistics; T-test is used to analyses the difference between marriages, modes of engage and principalships. The author analyses whether general information, personal factors, social factors and organizational factors is influencing overall career plateau and every dimensions career plateau by one-way ANOVA and Linear Regression.
Test Results:
1. There are 400 clinical nursing teachers who are selected to fill in the questionnaire from four integration hospitals; at last, we get 350 questionnaires, eliminating 30 inefficacy ques- tionnaires from 380, the efficient rate is 87.5
2. The whole career plateau overall total score of clinical nursing teachers is68.36±15.66, average score is 2.97±0.68, the each dimension of career plateau average score is content plateau which is 2.72±0.77, hierarchical plateau is 3.06±0.82, centralizing plateau 3.15±0.77 from low to high;
3.We know that there is Statistical significance in the whole career plateau and three dimensions of clinical nursing teacher when the age, marital status, first degree, educational background, work experience is different(P<0.05), but there is not Statistical significance between principalship(P>0.05); we also understand when the score of Social factors, organizational factors and personal factors is different, there are no significant changes in whole career plateau and three dimensions of clinical nursing teacher(P<0.05).
4. By linear regression we know: personal factors, organizational factors, age, the mode of engage, social factors, the first degree, highest level of education influence on the whole career plateau, organizational factors, the first education, personal factors, age, the mode of engage, and social factors influence on the content plateau, Age, personal factors, the first academic, social factors, hospital, marriage, organizational factors influence on the centralizing plateau, organizational factors, social factors, the highest level of education, personal factors, the first academic degree, age, the mode of engage influence on the hierarchical plateau. Conclusion:
1.The questionnaire of clinical nursing teacher’career plateau from four integration hospitals in Changchun is in moderate level,clinical nursing teachers got the lowest scores in content Plateau while highest in centralized Plateau。
2. Factors that promote the nursing teacher enter into whole Career Plateau include personal factors, organizational factors, age, mode of engage, social factors, the first degree, the highest academic qualifications; Factors that promote the nursing teacher enter into hierarchical plateau include organizational factors, the first degree, personal factors, age, mode of engage, and social factors; Factors that promote the nursing teacher enter into content plateau include age, personal factors, the first degree, social factors, the hospital, marriage, organizational factors; Factors that promote the nursing teacher enter into centralizing plateau include organizational factors, social factors, the first degree, personal factors, the first degree, age, mode of engage.
3. In order to help clinical nursing teacher get out of career plateau state, we take some actions include improving nurses’social honor, individual capability and administrators of hospital according to the current status and factors of clinical nurses career plateau.
本文随机抽取长春市四所综合性三级甲等医院400名临床带教护士作为调查对象,进行问卷调查,调查问卷包括人口学资料、职业高原问卷及职业高原影响因素问卷。收集到的有效数据输入SPSS13.0进行统计分析,用描述性统计、T检验、单因素方差分析及多元逐步回归等方法分析长春市综合医院临床带教护士职业高原现状及临床带教护士职业高原现象产生的原因;并根据调查结果从社会、个人及医院三方面提出了应对临床带教护士职业高原现象的策略。
Purposes:
This thesis mainly understand the situation of clinical nursing teacher of polyclinic in Changchun by Survey; by the findings of the analysis, Analysis what factors influence the clinical teaching nursing career plateau, then make some Countermeasures to help clinical teaching nurses get out of Career Plateau.
Methods:
Selecting 400 clinical nursing teachers from four integrated hospitals as survey object by random sampling method;The questionnaire includes general information, the career plateau scale and professional plateau Factors questionnaire. Valid data is entered in the Epidate database, and then it is analyzed by SPSS 13.0. Age, marital status, first degree, the score of overall career plateau and three dimensions career plateau and so on is described by descriptive statistics; T-test is used to analyses the difference between marriages, modes of engage and principalships. The author analyses whether general information, personal factors, social factors and organizational factors is influencing overall career plateau and every dimensions career plateau by one-way ANOVA and Linear Regression.
Test Results:
1. There are 400 clinical nursing teachers who are selected to fill in the questionnaire from four integration hospitals; at last, we get 350 questionnaires, eliminating 30 inefficacy ques- tionnaires from 380, the efficient rate is 87.5
2. The whole career plateau overall total score of clinical nursing teachers is68.36±15.66, average score is 2.97±0.68, the each dimension of career plateau average score is content plateau which is 2.72±0.77, hierarchical plateau is 3.06±0.82, centralizing plateau 3.15±0.77 from low to high;
3.We know that there is Statistical significance in the whole career plateau and three dimensions of clinical nursing teacher when the age, marital status, first degree, educational background, work experience is different(P<0.05), but there is not Statistical significance between principalship(P>0.05); we also understand when the score of Social factors, organizational factors and personal factors is different, there are no significant changes in whole career plateau and three dimensions of clinical nursing teacher(P<0.05).
4. By linear regression we know: personal factors, organizational factors, age, the mode of engage, social factors, the first degree, highest level of education influence on the whole career plateau, organizational factors, the first education, personal factors, age, the mode of engage, and social factors influence on the content plateau, Age, personal factors, the first academic, social factors, hospital, marriage, organizational factors influence on the centralizing plateau, organizational factors, social factors, the highest level of education, personal factors, the first academic degree, age, the mode of engage influence on the hierarchical plateau. Conclusion:
1.The questionnaire of clinical nursing teacher’career plateau from four integration hospitals in Changchun is in moderate level,clinical nursing teachers got the lowest scores in content Plateau while highest in centralized Plateau。
2. Factors that promote the nursing teacher enter into whole Career Plateau include personal factors, organizational factors, age, mode of engage, social factors, the first degree, the highest academic qualifications; Factors that promote the nursing teacher enter into hierarchical plateau include organizational factors, the first degree, personal factors, age, mode of engage, and social factors; Factors that promote the nursing teacher enter into content plateau include age, personal factors, the first degree, social factors, the hospital, marriage, organizational factors; Factors that promote the nursing teacher enter into centralizing plateau include organizational factors, social factors, the first degree, personal factors, the first degree, age, mode of engage.
3. In order to help clinical nursing teacher get out of career plateau state, we take some actions include improving nurses’social honor, individual capability and administrators of hospital according to the current status and factors of clinical nurses career plateau.
引文
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[3]Ference TP, Stoner JA, Warren EK. Managing the career plateau [J]. Academy of Management Review, 1977, 2(4): 602-612.
[4]Veiga JF. Plateaued versusnon plateaued managers: career patterns, attitudes and path potentiall [J]. Academy of Management Journal,1981,(24):566-578.
[5]王海英,肖东生,梁波.职业高原研究的文献述评[J].南华大学学报, 2008, 9 (2):43-47.
[6]Feldman DC, Weitz BA. Career plateaus reconsidered [J].Journal of Management, 1988, (14):69-80.
[7]Tremblay,M.,& Roger,A. Individual familial and organizational determinants of Career Plateau: An empirical study of the determinants of objective and subjective Career Plateau in a Population of Canadian manager[J]. Group & Organization Management, 1993,18(4),411-425.
[8]马远,凌文辁,刘耀中.“职业高原”现象研究进展[J].心理科学,2003,26(2):531-532.
[9]成翼娟.主编.整体护理实践[M].人民卫生出版社2002:26.
[10]谭坚玲.护理临床带教老师的教学能力观与教学能力的调查研究[D].广州:中山大学护理学院,2003.
[11]INFANCE M S. The conflicting roles of nurse and nurse educator[J].Nurs Outlook, 1986,34(2):92-94.
[12]林淑英,张秋红.职业“能量耗竭”与更新护理管理理念的思考[J].护理管理杂志, 2004,4(4):46-47.
[13]喻平.护士职业风险意识教育的现状及对策[J].护士进修杂志,2008,23(24): 2229-2230.
[14]钟玉杰,王敏,周艳.护理人员职业高原现象及其相关因素的研究进展[J].解放军护理杂志,2009,26(6B):21-22.
[15]Lee,C.P.B.Going beyond career Plateau: Using Professional Plateau to account for work outcomes[J]. Journal of Management Development,2003,22(6),538-551.
[16]丰潇.澳门公务员职业高原内部结构及相关研究[D]广州:暨南大学,2008.
[17]Milliman J. Consequences and Moderators of Career Plateauing: An EmpiricalInvestigation. Paper Presentedat the National Meeting of the Academy of Management [M].LasVe gas.1992,20-24.
[18]Bardwick JM. The Plateauing Trap [M]. Amacom, New York, NY ,1986,80-87.
[19]Croekford,E.C.A Profile of mid-life men experiencing career plateau demographics, work traits and self-esteem[J]. Doetoral Dissertation of CaPella University,2001,12: 560-563.
[20]Joseph,J. An exploratory look at the Plateauism construct[J]. The Joumal of Psychology, 1996,130(3),237-244.
[21]Slocum J W, Cron W L, Hanson R, et al. Business strategy and the management of plateaued employees[J].AMJ,1985,28:133-154.
[22]Near J P. A discriminant analysis of plateaued versus nonplateaued managers [J]. JVB,1985,26:177-188.
[23]Chao GT. Exploration of the conceptualization and measurement of career plateau: a comparative analysis[J].Journal of Management, 1990, 16:181-193.
[24]Deborah R, Ettington. Successful Career Plateauing [J].Journal of Vocational beha- vior,1998, 52:72-88.
[25]Tremblay M, Roger A. Career plateauing reactions: the moderating role of job scope, role ambiguity and participation among Canadian managers[J].International Journal of Human Resource Management, 1993, 15(6):996-1017.
[26]Near J P.The Career Plateau:Cause and Effects[J]. Business Horizons, 1980,1:53-57.
[27]Feldman D C & Weitz B A. Career plateaus reconsidered [J].Journal of Management, 1988,14(1):69-80.
[28]Rantze,K R & Feller,R.W. Counseling career-plateaued workers during times of social change[J].Journal of Employment Counseling, 1985, 22:23-28.
[29]Rotondo,D.Individual-Difference variables and career-related coping[J]. The Journal of Social Psychology,1999,139(4):158-471.
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