白光LED用Eu掺杂硅酸盐荧光粉的发光性质研究
摘要
作为新世纪固体照明领域的重要组成,白光LED以其节能、环保、高效等诸多优良特性而受到广泛关注。目前技术最成熟的白光LED是由日本公司研发出的蓝光LED芯片涂覆黄色YAG:Ce3+荧光粉合成的。但是由于YAG:Ce3+荧光粉的专利限制以及缺乏红光成分导致显色性低的问题使得对于寻求新型荧光粉的研究变得越来越重要。在最近的研究中,掺杂Eu2+离子的碱土金属硅酸盐由于良好的稳定性、合成工艺简单等优点引起了研究人员的兴趣。本文以此为背景进行了白光LED用硅酸盐荧光粉的研究,取得如下结果：
1.利用高温固相法合成不同浓度Eu2+掺杂的Sr2SiO4,研究了不同种类助熔剂对产物晶相结构及发光性能的影响,确定最佳的助熔剂为硼酸。通过激发和发光光谱研究了Eu2+掺杂的Sr2SiO4荧光粉的发光机理、浓度猝灭行为及色度学性质。通过光谱分析得出当Eu2+离子占据不同格位的Sr时其发光性能会有所不同。通过研究不同激发波长激发下的发射光谱以及色坐标得出样品的发光性受激发波长影响很大。样品的色坐标表明,所合成的荧光粉有应用于白光LED领域的可能。
2.在还原气氛下,采用高温固相反应合成了SrO-MgO-SiO2:Eu荧光粉材料,研究了不同SiO2含量对产物的晶体结构、形貌、发光性质及色度学性质的影响。结果发现：制备出的荧光粉是由单斜晶系的Sr2SiO4和正交晶系的Mg2(SiO4)两相组成,SiO2的含量不影响样品的晶格结构。通过扫描电镜图片可以看出,SiO2的含量改变基本不影响荧光粉的晶体形貌。当SiO2含量较低时,Eu2+离子和Eu3+离子共同存在于合成的荧光粉当中,其中Eu3+离子占据着基质的晶格间隙中,Eu2+占据着Sr2SiO4化合物中Sr(I)和Sr(Ⅱ)两个格位。当SiO2含量较高时,反应可以更充分的进行且Eu2+掺杂情况好,使得发射强度增强。样品的色坐标位置取决于SiO2的含量以及激发波长。
As an important component of solid state lighting field in the new century, white-light emission diode(W-LED) has attracted great attention due to its outstanding advantages such as energy saving, environmental protection and high luminescent efficiency, etc. So far. blue LED chips coated with a yellowish phosphor of YAG:Ce3+ have been invented by Japanese company, which is considered as the most widely used technique. However, developing novel phosphors are becoming more and more important due to patent issue and poor color rendering index caused by lacking of red component in emission spectra. In resent researches, Eu2+ ions doped alkaline earth silicates have been extensively investigated as excellent phosphor used for white LED due to its good properties for chemical and thermal stability, simplesynthesis technology. According to the discussion above, W-LED phosphors have been studied in this paper, and results show as follows:
1. Sr2SiO4 phosphors are synthesized with different concentrations of Eu2+ ions through high-temperature solid-state reaction. The influence of different flux on the crystal phase and the luminescent properties of the sample are studied, and the boric acid is adopted as the best flux by analyzing the structure and spectra of samples. The mechanism of luminescence, the quenching concentration and the colorimetric performance are investigated based on the excitation and emission spectra. The Eu2+ ions show different luminescent properties while their occupying different Sr2+ sites by analyzing the spectra of the sample. The luminescent properties of the samples are greatly dependant on the excitation wavelength by analyzing the dependence of emission spectra and color coordinates on the excitation wavelength. The color coordinate of sample shows that the production has a potential application in W-LED field.
2. Phosphors with compositions of SrO-MgO-SiO2:Eu are prepared in reducing atmosphere via high-temperature solid-state reaction technique. The impact on crystal structure, morphology, luminescent properties and colorimetric performance of the production are under study with varied SiO2 content. The results show that the phosphors prepared is confirmed to be a mixture of monoclinic Sr2SiO4 and orthorhombic Mg2(Si2O4), while SiO2 content does not affect the crystal structure of the samples. The scanning electron microscope images reveal that SiO2 content does not have any influence on the morphology of phosphors. On one hand, Eu2+ and Eu3+ ions co-existed in the phosphors when the SiO2 content is low, with EuJ3+ ions occupying the clearance of crystal lattice in the matrix and Eu2+ ions occupied two sites of Sr(I) and Sr(II) in compound of Sr2SiO4. On the other hand, with high SiO2 content, the Eu2+ ions can be easily doped into the sample due to the sufficient reaction, giving rise to strong emission intensity. The color coordinates are determined by the content of SiO2 as well as the excitation wavelengths.
1.利用高温固相法合成不同浓度Eu2+掺杂的Sr2SiO4,研究了不同种类助熔剂对产物晶相结构及发光性能的影响,确定最佳的助熔剂为硼酸。通过激发和发光光谱研究了Eu2+掺杂的Sr2SiO4荧光粉的发光机理、浓度猝灭行为及色度学性质。通过光谱分析得出当Eu2+离子占据不同格位的Sr时其发光性能会有所不同。通过研究不同激发波长激发下的发射光谱以及色坐标得出样品的发光性受激发波长影响很大。样品的色坐标表明,所合成的荧光粉有应用于白光LED领域的可能。
2.在还原气氛下,采用高温固相反应合成了SrO-MgO-SiO2:Eu荧光粉材料,研究了不同SiO2含量对产物的晶体结构、形貌、发光性质及色度学性质的影响。结果发现：制备出的荧光粉是由单斜晶系的Sr2SiO4和正交晶系的Mg2(SiO4)两相组成,SiO2的含量不影响样品的晶格结构。通过扫描电镜图片可以看出,SiO2的含量改变基本不影响荧光粉的晶体形貌。当SiO2含量较低时,Eu2+离子和Eu3+离子共同存在于合成的荧光粉当中,其中Eu3+离子占据着基质的晶格间隙中,Eu2+占据着Sr2SiO4化合物中Sr(I)和Sr(Ⅱ)两个格位。当SiO2含量较高时,反应可以更充分的进行且Eu2+掺杂情况好,使得发射强度增强。样品的色坐标位置取决于SiO2的含量以及激发波长。
As an important component of solid state lighting field in the new century, white-light emission diode(W-LED) has attracted great attention due to its outstanding advantages such as energy saving, environmental protection and high luminescent efficiency, etc. So far. blue LED chips coated with a yellowish phosphor of YAG:Ce3+ have been invented by Japanese company, which is considered as the most widely used technique. However, developing novel phosphors are becoming more and more important due to patent issue and poor color rendering index caused by lacking of red component in emission spectra. In resent researches, Eu2+ ions doped alkaline earth silicates have been extensively investigated as excellent phosphor used for white LED due to its good properties for chemical and thermal stability, simplesynthesis technology. According to the discussion above, W-LED phosphors have been studied in this paper, and results show as follows:
1. Sr2SiO4 phosphors are synthesized with different concentrations of Eu2+ ions through high-temperature solid-state reaction. The influence of different flux on the crystal phase and the luminescent properties of the sample are studied, and the boric acid is adopted as the best flux by analyzing the structure and spectra of samples. The mechanism of luminescence, the quenching concentration and the colorimetric performance are investigated based on the excitation and emission spectra. The Eu2+ ions show different luminescent properties while their occupying different Sr2+ sites by analyzing the spectra of the sample. The luminescent properties of the samples are greatly dependant on the excitation wavelength by analyzing the dependence of emission spectra and color coordinates on the excitation wavelength. The color coordinate of sample shows that the production has a potential application in W-LED field.
2. Phosphors with compositions of SrO-MgO-SiO2:Eu are prepared in reducing atmosphere via high-temperature solid-state reaction technique. The impact on crystal structure, morphology, luminescent properties and colorimetric performance of the production are under study with varied SiO2 content. The results show that the phosphors prepared is confirmed to be a mixture of monoclinic Sr2SiO4 and orthorhombic Mg2(Si2O4), while SiO2 content does not affect the crystal structure of the samples. The scanning electron microscope images reveal that SiO2 content does not have any influence on the morphology of phosphors. On one hand, Eu2+ and Eu3+ ions co-existed in the phosphors when the SiO2 content is low, with EuJ3+ ions occupying the clearance of crystal lattice in the matrix and Eu2+ ions occupied two sites of Sr(I) and Sr(II) in compound of Sr2SiO4. On the other hand, with high SiO2 content, the Eu2+ ions can be easily doped into the sample due to the sufficient reaction, giving rise to strong emission intensity. The color coordinates are determined by the content of SiO2 as well as the excitation wavelengths.
引文
[1]苏锵.稀土元素——您身边的大家族.北京：清华大学出版社,2000.
[2]贾怀东,米利.警惕日本稀土战略新动向.中国学术期刊电子杂志社,2011,3：34-36.
[3]谭东.稀土元素的特性和用途(上).广西化工,1990,1：2-7.
[4]Hirao K, Tanaka K, Makita M et al. Preparation and optical properties of transparent glass-ceramics containing β-PbF2:Tm3-.Journal of Applied Physics,1995,78(5):3445-3450.
[5]李建宇.稀土发光材料及其应用.北京：化学工业出版社,2003.
[6]Downing E, Hesselink L, Ralston J et al. A three-color, solid-state, three-dimensional display. Science,1996,273(5279):1185-1189.
[7]雷玉堂,黎慧.未来的照明光源——白光LED技术及其进展.光学与光电技术,2003,1(5)：33-34.
[8]Yam F K, Hassan Z. Innovative advances in LED technology. Microelectronics Journal,2005,36(2):129-137.
[9]Nakamura S, Mukai T, Senoh M. High-brightness InGaN/AlGaN double-heterostructure blue-light emitting diodes. Journal of Applied Physics, 1994,76(12):8189-8191.
[10]刘行仁.白光LED固态照明光转换荧光体.发光学报,2007,28(3)：291-301.
[11]徐修冬,许贵真,吴占超等.白色发光二极管用荧光粉研究进展(I)-蓝光或近紫外光发射半导体芯片激发的荧光粉.中山大学学报,2007,46(5)：124-128.
[12]Huh Y D, Shim J H, Kim Y et al. Optical properties of three-band white light emitting diodes. Journal of the electrochemical society,2003,150(2):H57-H60.
[13]Wu Z C, Shi J X, Wang J et al. A novel blue-emitting phosphor LiSrPO4:Eu2- for white LEDs. Journal of Solid State Chemistry,2006,179(8):2356-2360.
[14]方志烈.半导体照明技术.北京：电子工业出版社,2009.
[15]Sze S M, Kwok K. Ng. Physics of Semiconductor Devices. Canada:John Wiley&Sons, 2007.
[16]Park J K, Choi K J, Kim K N et al. Investigation of strontium silicate yellow phosphors for white light emitting diodes from a combinatorial chemistry. Applied Physics Letters,2005,87(3):031108-031108-3.
[17]Yu H J, Park K, Chung W et al. White light emission from blue InGaN LED precoated with conjugated copolymer/quantum dots as hybrid phosphor. Synthetic Metals,2009(159)：2474-2477.
[18]Ma W B, Shi Z P, Wang R. Luminescence properties of full-color single-phased phosphors for white LEDs. Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2010,503(1):118-121.
[19]Nishiura S, Tanabe S, Fujioka K et al. Properties of transparent Ce:YAG ceramic phosphors for white LED. Optical Materials,2011,33(5):688-691.
[20]Luo X X, Cao W H, Sun F. The development of silicate matrix phosphors with broad excitation band for phosphor-convered white LED. Chinese Science Bulletin,2008,53(19):2923-2930.
[21]Cao F B, Tian Y W, Chen Y J. Luminescence investigation of red phosphors Ca0.54Sr0.34-1.5xEu0.08Smx(MoO4)y(W04)1-y for UV-white LED device. Journal of Luminescence,2009,129:585-588.
[22]Park W J, Song Y H, Yoon D H. Synthesis and luminescent characteristics of Ca2-xSrxSiO4:Eu2- as a potential green-emitting phosphor for near UV-white LED applications. Materials Science and Engineering B,2010,173(1-3):76-79.
[23]Zhou L Y, Huang J L, Yi L H et al. Luminescent properties of Ba3Gd(BO3) 3:Eu3-phosphor for white LED applications. Journal of rare earths,2009,27(1):54-57
[24]夏威,雷明凯,罗昔贤等.宽激发带稀土激活碱土金属硅酸盐发光材料特性研究.光谱学与光谱分析,2008,28(1)：41-46.
[25]罗海滨.白光LED用Ba2Si3O8Eu:2-绿色荧光粉制备及其表征：(硕士学位论文).杭州：浙江大学,2010.
[26]张俊英,张中太,唐子龙等(Ce0.67Tb0.33) MgAl11O5荧光粉的溶胶—凝胶法合成及发光性能.功能材料,2002,32(1)：110-111.
[27]戴德昌,李沅英,蔡少华等(Ce0.67Tb0.33)MgAl11O19和BaMgAl10O17:Eu2-荧光体的微波辐射合成及其发光性能.中国稀土学报,1998,16(3)：284-287.
[28]Ryu J H, Koo S M, Yoon J W et al. Synthesis of nanocrystalline MMo04 (M= Ni, Zn) phosphors via a citrate complex route assisted by microwave irradiation and their photoluminescence. Materials Letters,2005,60(13-14):1702-1705.
[29]Pei F Y. Preparation of Y3Al5O12:Ce powders by microwave-induced combustion process and their luminescent properties. Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2006,414(1-2)：181-185.
[30]Pan Y X, Wu M M, Su Q. Comparative investigation on synthesis and photoluminescence of YAG:Ce phosphor. Materials Science and EngineeringB.2004,106(3)：251-256.
[31]Zhou Y H., Lin J. Morphology control and luminescence properties of YVO4:Eu phosphors prepared by spray pyrolysis. Optical Materials,2005,27(8):1426-1432.
[32]Hee C H, Jung K Y, Choi J G et al. Nano-sized Y203:Eu phosphor particles prepared by spray pyrolysis. Materials Science and Engineering B,2005,116(1):59-63.
[33]Pan Y X, Wu M M, Su Q. Tailored photoluminescence of YAG:Ce phosphor through various methods. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids,2004,65(5):845-850.
[34]郑传伟,张密林,董国君等.等离子显示器用荧光粉.化工新型材料,2002,30(1)：15-18.
[35]李玮捷,石士考.Y203荧光粉的制备方法及性质研究进展.稀土,2000,21(5)：60-63.
[36]徐叙瑢,苏勉曾.发光学与发光材料.北京：化学工业出版社,2004.
[37]Lin J, Sanger Dirk U, Mennig M et al. Sol-gel deposition and characterization of Mn2--doped silicate phosphor films. Thin Solid Films,2000,360(1-2):39-45.
[38]Yang P, Yao G Q, Lin J H. Photoluminescence and combustion synthesis of CaMo04 doped with Pb2-. Inorganic Chemistry Communications,2004,7(3):389-391.
[39]孙家跃,杜海燕,胡文祥.固体发光材料.北京：化学工业出版社,2003：1-671.
[40]李东平,缪春燕,刘丽芳等.燃烧法合成新型蓝色硅酸盐长余辉材料及其发光性能研究.稀有金属,2004,28(4)：662-665.
[41]夏天,曹望和,罗昔贤等.燃烧法合成Ln2O2S:RE3- (Ln=Gd, La; RE=Eu, Tb) X射线荧光粉及发光性能.发光学报,2005,26(2)：194-198.
[42]罗昔贤,曹望和.纳米Y2O2S:Eu的燃烧法合成和Eu3- 离子荧光探针物相分析.功能材料,2007,38(12)：2064-2067,2670.
[43]张思远,毕宪章.稀土光谱理论.长春：吉林科学技术出版社,1991.
[44]褚圣麟.原子物理学.北京：高等教育出版社,2005.
[45]无机化学教研室.无机化学.北京：高等教育出版社,2002.
[46]张思远.稀土离子的光谱学——光谱性质和光谱理论.北京：科学出版社,2008.
[47]Dorenbos P, Andriessen J, Van Ei jk C W E.4fn-1 5d centroid shift in lanthanides and relation with anion polarizability, covalency,and cation electronegativity. Journal of Solid State Chemistry,2003,171(1-2):133-136.
[48]Dorenbos P. Lanthanide charge transfer energies and related luminescence, charge carrier trapping, and redox phenomena. Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2008,488(2)：568-573.
[49]Dorenbos P. Energy of the first 4f7-4f6 5d transition of Eu2+ in inorganic compounds. Journal of Luminescence,2003,104(4):239-260.
[50]Dorenbos P. Absolute location of lanthanide energy levels and the performance of phosphors. Journal of Luminescence,2007,122-123(22):315-317.
[51]Dorenbos P. Locating lanthanide impurity levels in the forbidden band of host crystals. Journal of Luminescence,2004,108(1-4):301-305.
[52]张丁非,汤安,杨柳等.宽激发带稀土激活碱土金属硅酸盐发光材料特性研究现状.中国学术期刊电子杂志社,2010,24(11)：5-9.
[53]姜洪义,胡丹,姬同坤.合成制度对白光LED用硅酸盐Sr2SiO4:Eu荧光粉发光性能的影响.硅酸盐学报.2010,38(3)：446-450.
[54]张希艳,张亮亮,张云鹏等.助熔剂对Eu2- 掺杂的碱土金属硅酸盐荧光粉发光性能的影响.硅酸盐学报,2010,38(2)：206-210.
[55]潘政薇.白光LED用硅酸盐基稀土荧光粉的制备及发光性能研究：(硕士学位论文).南京：南京航空航天大学,2010.
[56]王潇潇Eu(Ⅱ/Ⅲ)掺杂复合氧化物制备、发光及在NUV-WLED中的应用研究：(博士学位论文).广州：中山大学,2008.
[57]Won Y S, Park S S. Density functional theory study on two-peak emission of Eu2* activators in Sr2SiO4. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids,2010, 71(12)：1742-1745.
[58]Van Uitert L G. An empirical relation fitting the position in energy of the lower d-band edge for EuJ2- of Ce3- in various compounds. Journal of Luminescence,1984,29(1)：1-9.
[59]Zhang X G, Tang X P, Zhang J L et al. An effcient and stable green phosphor SrBaSiO4.Eu2+ for light-emitting diodes. Journal of Luminescence,2010,130(12): 2288-2292.
[60]肖志国,石春山,罗昔贤.半导体照明发光材料及应用.北京：化学工业出版社,2008.
[61]Bacce E D, Pires A M, Davolos M R. Influence of Zn2- co-doping ion on Eu3+-O2-associate luminescence in Sr2Si04.Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2002,344(1-2)：312-315.
[62]Qiao Y M, Zhang X B, Ye X et al. Photoluminescent properties of Sr2SiO4:Eu3+ and Sr2SiO4:Eu2+ phosphors prepared by solid-state reaction method. Journal of Rare Earth,2009,27(2):323-326.
[63]Kim J S, Jeon P E, Park Y H et al. White-light generation through ultraviolet-emitting diode and white-emitting phosphor. Applied Physics Letters,85(17):3696-3698.
[64]Kim J S, Kwon K A, Park Y H et al. Luminescent and thermal properties of full-color emitting X3MgSi2O8:Eu2+, Mn2+ (X=Ba, Sr, Ca) phosphors for white LED. Journal of Luminescence,2007,122-123:583-586.
[65]Pan W, Ning G L, Zhang X et al. Enhanced luminescent properties of long-persistent Sr2MgSi207:Eu2+, Dy3+ phosphor prepared by the co-precipitation method. Journal of Luminescence,2009,129(5):584.
[66]Jung H K, Seo K S. Luminescent properties of Eu2+-activated (Ba, Sr)MgSi2O8 phosphor under VUV irradiation. Optical Materials,2006,28(6-7):602-605.
[67]Jorgensen C K. Talking points between atomic spectroscopists and thermodynamicists. Molecular Physics,1981,1(2):123-140.
[2]贾怀东,米利.警惕日本稀土战略新动向.中国学术期刊电子杂志社,2011,3：34-36.
[3]谭东.稀土元素的特性和用途(上).广西化工,1990,1：2-7.
[4]Hirao K, Tanaka K, Makita M et al. Preparation and optical properties of transparent glass-ceramics containing β-PbF2:Tm3-.Journal of Applied Physics,1995,78(5):3445-3450.
[5]李建宇.稀土发光材料及其应用.北京：化学工业出版社,2003.
[6]Downing E, Hesselink L, Ralston J et al. A three-color, solid-state, three-dimensional display. Science,1996,273(5279):1185-1189.
[7]雷玉堂,黎慧.未来的照明光源——白光LED技术及其进展.光学与光电技术,2003,1(5)：33-34.
[8]Yam F K, Hassan Z. Innovative advances in LED technology. Microelectronics Journal,2005,36(2):129-137.
[9]Nakamura S, Mukai T, Senoh M. High-brightness InGaN/AlGaN double-heterostructure blue-light emitting diodes. Journal of Applied Physics, 1994,76(12):8189-8191.
[10]刘行仁.白光LED固态照明光转换荧光体.发光学报,2007,28(3)：291-301.
[11]徐修冬,许贵真,吴占超等.白色发光二极管用荧光粉研究进展(I)-蓝光或近紫外光发射半导体芯片激发的荧光粉.中山大学学报,2007,46(5)：124-128.
[12]Huh Y D, Shim J H, Kim Y et al. Optical properties of three-band white light emitting diodes. Journal of the electrochemical society,2003,150(2):H57-H60.
[13]Wu Z C, Shi J X, Wang J et al. A novel blue-emitting phosphor LiSrPO4:Eu2- for white LEDs. Journal of Solid State Chemistry,2006,179(8):2356-2360.
[14]方志烈.半导体照明技术.北京：电子工业出版社,2009.
[15]Sze S M, Kwok K. Ng. Physics of Semiconductor Devices. Canada:John Wiley&Sons, 2007.
[16]Park J K, Choi K J, Kim K N et al. Investigation of strontium silicate yellow phosphors for white light emitting diodes from a combinatorial chemistry. Applied Physics Letters,2005,87(3):031108-031108-3.
[17]Yu H J, Park K, Chung W et al. White light emission from blue InGaN LED precoated with conjugated copolymer/quantum dots as hybrid phosphor. Synthetic Metals,2009(159)：2474-2477.
[18]Ma W B, Shi Z P, Wang R. Luminescence properties of full-color single-phased phosphors for white LEDs. Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2010,503(1):118-121.
[19]Nishiura S, Tanabe S, Fujioka K et al. Properties of transparent Ce:YAG ceramic phosphors for white LED. Optical Materials,2011,33(5):688-691.
[20]Luo X X, Cao W H, Sun F. The development of silicate matrix phosphors with broad excitation band for phosphor-convered white LED. Chinese Science Bulletin,2008,53(19):2923-2930.
[21]Cao F B, Tian Y W, Chen Y J. Luminescence investigation of red phosphors Ca0.54Sr0.34-1.5xEu0.08Smx(MoO4)y(W04)1-y for UV-white LED device. Journal of Luminescence,2009,129:585-588.
[22]Park W J, Song Y H, Yoon D H. Synthesis and luminescent characteristics of Ca2-xSrxSiO4:Eu2- as a potential green-emitting phosphor for near UV-white LED applications. Materials Science and Engineering B,2010,173(1-3):76-79.
[23]Zhou L Y, Huang J L, Yi L H et al. Luminescent properties of Ba3Gd(BO3) 3:Eu3-phosphor for white LED applications. Journal of rare earths,2009,27(1):54-57
[24]夏威,雷明凯,罗昔贤等.宽激发带稀土激活碱土金属硅酸盐发光材料特性研究.光谱学与光谱分析,2008,28(1)：41-46.
[25]罗海滨.白光LED用Ba2Si3O8Eu:2-绿色荧光粉制备及其表征：(硕士学位论文).杭州：浙江大学,2010.
[26]张俊英,张中太,唐子龙等(Ce0.67Tb0.33) MgAl11O5荧光粉的溶胶—凝胶法合成及发光性能.功能材料,2002,32(1)：110-111.
[27]戴德昌,李沅英,蔡少华等(Ce0.67Tb0.33)MgAl11O19和BaMgAl10O17:Eu2-荧光体的微波辐射合成及其发光性能.中国稀土学报,1998,16(3)：284-287.
[28]Ryu J H, Koo S M, Yoon J W et al. Synthesis of nanocrystalline MMo04 (M= Ni, Zn) phosphors via a citrate complex route assisted by microwave irradiation and their photoluminescence. Materials Letters,2005,60(13-14):1702-1705.
[29]Pei F Y. Preparation of Y3Al5O12:Ce powders by microwave-induced combustion process and their luminescent properties. Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2006,414(1-2)：181-185.
[30]Pan Y X, Wu M M, Su Q. Comparative investigation on synthesis and photoluminescence of YAG:Ce phosphor. Materials Science and EngineeringB.2004,106(3)：251-256.
[31]Zhou Y H., Lin J. Morphology control and luminescence properties of YVO4:Eu phosphors prepared by spray pyrolysis. Optical Materials,2005,27(8):1426-1432.
[32]Hee C H, Jung K Y, Choi J G et al. Nano-sized Y203:Eu phosphor particles prepared by spray pyrolysis. Materials Science and Engineering B,2005,116(1):59-63.
[33]Pan Y X, Wu M M, Su Q. Tailored photoluminescence of YAG:Ce phosphor through various methods. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids,2004,65(5):845-850.
[34]郑传伟,张密林,董国君等.等离子显示器用荧光粉.化工新型材料,2002,30(1)：15-18.
[35]李玮捷,石士考.Y203荧光粉的制备方法及性质研究进展.稀土,2000,21(5)：60-63.
[36]徐叙瑢,苏勉曾.发光学与发光材料.北京：化学工业出版社,2004.
[37]Lin J, Sanger Dirk U, Mennig M et al. Sol-gel deposition and characterization of Mn2--doped silicate phosphor films. Thin Solid Films,2000,360(1-2):39-45.
[38]Yang P, Yao G Q, Lin J H. Photoluminescence and combustion synthesis of CaMo04 doped with Pb2-. Inorganic Chemistry Communications,2004,7(3):389-391.
[39]孙家跃,杜海燕,胡文祥.固体发光材料.北京：化学工业出版社,2003：1-671.
[40]李东平,缪春燕,刘丽芳等.燃烧法合成新型蓝色硅酸盐长余辉材料及其发光性能研究.稀有金属,2004,28(4)：662-665.
[41]夏天,曹望和,罗昔贤等.燃烧法合成Ln2O2S:RE3- (Ln=Gd, La; RE=Eu, Tb) X射线荧光粉及发光性能.发光学报,2005,26(2)：194-198.
[42]罗昔贤,曹望和.纳米Y2O2S:Eu的燃烧法合成和Eu3- 离子荧光探针物相分析.功能材料,2007,38(12)：2064-2067,2670.
[43]张思远,毕宪章.稀土光谱理论.长春：吉林科学技术出版社,1991.
[44]褚圣麟.原子物理学.北京：高等教育出版社,2005.
[45]无机化学教研室.无机化学.北京：高等教育出版社,2002.
[46]张思远.稀土离子的光谱学——光谱性质和光谱理论.北京：科学出版社,2008.
[47]Dorenbos P, Andriessen J, Van Ei jk C W E.4fn-1 5d centroid shift in lanthanides and relation with anion polarizability, covalency,and cation electronegativity. Journal of Solid State Chemistry,2003,171(1-2):133-136.
[48]Dorenbos P. Lanthanide charge transfer energies and related luminescence, charge carrier trapping, and redox phenomena. Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2008,488(2)：568-573.
[49]Dorenbos P. Energy of the first 4f7-4f6 5d transition of Eu2+ in inorganic compounds. Journal of Luminescence,2003,104(4):239-260.
[50]Dorenbos P. Absolute location of lanthanide energy levels and the performance of phosphors. Journal of Luminescence,2007,122-123(22):315-317.
[51]Dorenbos P. Locating lanthanide impurity levels in the forbidden band of host crystals. Journal of Luminescence,2004,108(1-4):301-305.
[52]张丁非,汤安,杨柳等.宽激发带稀土激活碱土金属硅酸盐发光材料特性研究现状.中国学术期刊电子杂志社,2010,24(11)：5-9.
[53]姜洪义,胡丹,姬同坤.合成制度对白光LED用硅酸盐Sr2SiO4:Eu荧光粉发光性能的影响.硅酸盐学报.2010,38(3)：446-450.
[54]张希艳,张亮亮,张云鹏等.助熔剂对Eu2- 掺杂的碱土金属硅酸盐荧光粉发光性能的影响.硅酸盐学报,2010,38(2)：206-210.
[55]潘政薇.白光LED用硅酸盐基稀土荧光粉的制备及发光性能研究：(硕士学位论文).南京：南京航空航天大学,2010.
[56]王潇潇Eu(Ⅱ/Ⅲ)掺杂复合氧化物制备、发光及在NUV-WLED中的应用研究：(博士学位论文).广州：中山大学,2008.
[57]Won Y S, Park S S. Density functional theory study on two-peak emission of Eu2* activators in Sr2SiO4. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids,2010, 71(12)：1742-1745.
[58]Van Uitert L G. An empirical relation fitting the position in energy of the lower d-band edge for EuJ2- of Ce3- in various compounds. Journal of Luminescence,1984,29(1)：1-9.
[59]Zhang X G, Tang X P, Zhang J L et al. An effcient and stable green phosphor SrBaSiO4.Eu2+ for light-emitting diodes. Journal of Luminescence,2010,130(12): 2288-2292.
[60]肖志国,石春山,罗昔贤.半导体照明发光材料及应用.北京：化学工业出版社,2008.
[61]Bacce E D, Pires A M, Davolos M R. Influence of Zn2- co-doping ion on Eu3+-O2-associate luminescence in Sr2Si04.Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2002,344(1-2)：312-315.
[62]Qiao Y M, Zhang X B, Ye X et al. Photoluminescent properties of Sr2SiO4:Eu3+ and Sr2SiO4:Eu2+ phosphors prepared by solid-state reaction method. Journal of Rare Earth,2009,27(2):323-326.
[63]Kim J S, Jeon P E, Park Y H et al. White-light generation through ultraviolet-emitting diode and white-emitting phosphor. Applied Physics Letters,85(17):3696-3698.
[64]Kim J S, Kwon K A, Park Y H et al. Luminescent and thermal properties of full-color emitting X3MgSi2O8:Eu2+, Mn2+ (X=Ba, Sr, Ca) phosphors for white LED. Journal of Luminescence,2007,122-123:583-586.
[65]Pan W, Ning G L, Zhang X et al. Enhanced luminescent properties of long-persistent Sr2MgSi207:Eu2+, Dy3+ phosphor prepared by the co-precipitation method. Journal of Luminescence,2009,129(5):584.
[66]Jung H K, Seo K S. Luminescent properties of Eu2+-activated (Ba, Sr)MgSi2O8 phosphor under VUV irradiation. Optical Materials,2006,28(6-7):602-605.
[67]Jorgensen C K. Talking points between atomic spectroscopists and thermodynamicists. Molecular Physics,1981,1(2):123-140.