语义Web中模糊系统的知识表示
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摘要
语义网作为下一代的互联网,使得网络上的信息具备语义,实现人与计算机在语义上的交互。但随着研究的深入,研究人员发现语义网中存在着大量的模糊信息,能否很好地处理模糊信息成为制约语义网进一步发展的关键因素。因此,如何更好地处理模糊信息成为当前语义网研究的热点。
由查德提出的模糊理论已成功应用于各种工程领域,如：模糊洗衣机,地铁的模糊系统等。把模糊系统整合到语义网中是实现模糊知识共享与重用的重要途径。本文面向语义网中的模糊系统的知识表示,主要工作如下：
(1)介绍语义网的核心技术,包括：本体的定义、语言变量模糊本体模型、资源描述框架和语义网规则语言。其中,语言变量模糊本体模型和语义网规则语言是实现语义网中模糊系统知识表示的重要工具；
(2)研究了语言变量模糊本体的形式化表示。语言变量是由查得提出的重要概念,是模糊系统表示的工具,提供了模糊知识共享与重用的机制。本文通过RDF图与RDF语言表示语言变量模糊本体,这两种方式是等价的；
(3)模糊规则是模糊系统的核心组成部分,模糊规则的表示是把模糊系统整合到语义网中的关键。本文系统地提出通过语义网规则语言表示模糊规则的方法,极大地提升语义网中模糊规则的表达能力,并扩展了基于模糊规则引擎的推理范围。
(4)构建了一个流行病模糊诊断系统,并使用斯坦福大学开发的protege对系统进行表示,对异构系统间大规模地实现知识的共享与重用起了一定的借鉴作用。
Semantic Web as the next generation of the Internet makes the information on the semantic web contain the semantics. And Semantic Web also enables to achieve human and computer interaction at the semantic level. How to solve the emerging fuzzy problem becomes an issue of research.
The fuzzy theory proposed by Zadel has been successfully used in many control systems.Integrating the fuzzy system into the Semantic Web to solve the fuzzy problem is an inevitable choice.The paper is oriented to knowledge representation for the semantic web. and the relevant work is as follow:
(1) Introduce the core technology of the semantic web, including:Definition of Ontology, Linguistic Variable Fuzzy Ontology, Resource Description Framework and Semantic Web Rule Language.
(2) Study how to represent linguistic variables fuzzy ontology formally. Linguistic variable is an important concept presented by Zadel, which is a tool for fuzzy systems representation and provides a fuzzy knowledge sharing and reuse mechanisms. In this paper, RDF graph and RDF language are used to represent the linguishtic variable fuzzy ontology, which are equivalent for each other.
(3) Fuzzy rule base is a core component of fuzzy systems and fuzzy rules representation is the key for fuzzy system's integrating into the Semantic Web. This paper proposes a method to represent the fuzzy rules in the Semantic Web Rule Language, which greatly enhance the expressive force of fuzzy rules and expand the range of rules engine based reasoning.
(4) Construct a fuzzy epidemic diagnosis system and use the protege of Stanford University to represent the system, which gives a reference for knowledge sharing and reuse between heterogeneous systems on a large scale.
由查德提出的模糊理论已成功应用于各种工程领域,如：模糊洗衣机,地铁的模糊系统等。把模糊系统整合到语义网中是实现模糊知识共享与重用的重要途径。本文面向语义网中的模糊系统的知识表示,主要工作如下：
(1)介绍语义网的核心技术,包括：本体的定义、语言变量模糊本体模型、资源描述框架和语义网规则语言。其中,语言变量模糊本体模型和语义网规则语言是实现语义网中模糊系统知识表示的重要工具；
(2)研究了语言变量模糊本体的形式化表示。语言变量是由查得提出的重要概念,是模糊系统表示的工具,提供了模糊知识共享与重用的机制。本文通过RDF图与RDF语言表示语言变量模糊本体,这两种方式是等价的；
(3)模糊规则是模糊系统的核心组成部分,模糊规则的表示是把模糊系统整合到语义网中的关键。本文系统地提出通过语义网规则语言表示模糊规则的方法,极大地提升语义网中模糊规则的表达能力,并扩展了基于模糊规则引擎的推理范围。
(4)构建了一个流行病模糊诊断系统,并使用斯坦福大学开发的protege对系统进行表示,对异构系统间大规模地实现知识的共享与重用起了一定的借鉴作用。
Semantic Web as the next generation of the Internet makes the information on the semantic web contain the semantics. And Semantic Web also enables to achieve human and computer interaction at the semantic level. How to solve the emerging fuzzy problem becomes an issue of research.
The fuzzy theory proposed by Zadel has been successfully used in many control systems.Integrating the fuzzy system into the Semantic Web to solve the fuzzy problem is an inevitable choice.The paper is oriented to knowledge representation for the semantic web. and the relevant work is as follow:
(1) Introduce the core technology of the semantic web, including:Definition of Ontology, Linguistic Variable Fuzzy Ontology, Resource Description Framework and Semantic Web Rule Language.
(2) Study how to represent linguistic variables fuzzy ontology formally. Linguistic variable is an important concept presented by Zadel, which is a tool for fuzzy systems representation and provides a fuzzy knowledge sharing and reuse mechanisms. In this paper, RDF graph and RDF language are used to represent the linguishtic variable fuzzy ontology, which are equivalent for each other.
(3) Fuzzy rule base is a core component of fuzzy systems and fuzzy rules representation is the key for fuzzy system's integrating into the Semantic Web. This paper proposes a method to represent the fuzzy rules in the Semantic Web Rule Language, which greatly enhance the expressive force of fuzzy rules and expand the range of rules engine based reasoning.
(4) Construct a fuzzy epidemic diagnosis system and use the protege of Stanford University to represent the system, which gives a reference for knowledge sharing and reuse between heterogeneous systems on a large scale.
引文
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[2]Perugia. Fuzzy Logic in the Semantic Web:a New Challenge[C]. IPMU 2004. Italy, 2004:1017-1038.
[3]Fuzzy Logic and the Semantic Web Workshop. http://www. lif. univ-rnrs. fr/FLSW.
[4]王立新.模糊系统与模糊控制[M].北京：清华大学出版社.2003.
[5]刘红阁,郑丽萍,张少方.本体论的研究和应用现状[J].信息技术快报.2005,3(1)：1-12.
[6]D. Fensel et al. An ontology infrastructure for the semantic web[J]. IEEE Intelligent Systems.2001,16(2):38-45.
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[8]李蕾,王楠,钟义信.基于语义网络的概念检索研究与实现[J].情报学报.2000,6(5)：525-531.
[9]董慧.基于本体论和数字图书馆的信息检索[J].情报学报.2003,4(6)：648-652.
[10]邓志鸿,唐世渭,张铭,杨冬青,陈捷.Ontology研究综述[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版).2002,38(5)：730-738.
[11]郑杰,纪希禹.基于本体的语义检索模型[J].科技情报开发与经济.2007,17(25)：119-121.
[12]花开明,陈家训,杨洪山.基于本体与元数据的语义检索[J].计算机工程.2007,33(24)：220-223.
[13]张晨,穆斌.在不同本体环境下的语义检索[J].合肥工业大学学报,2005.28(2)：171-175.
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[19]Widyantoro D. H..A fuzzy ontology-based abstract search engine and its user studies[C]. Proceedings of the 10th IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, Melbourne Australia,2001:1291-1294.
[20]Parry D.. A fuzzy ontology for medical document retrieval[C]. Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Australasian Information Security. New Zealand,2004:121-126.
[21]C. S. Lee, Z. W. Jian, and L. K. Huang. A fuzzy ontology and its application to news summarization[J]. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (Part B).2005,35(5):859-880.
[22]Q. T. Tho, S. C. Hui, A. C. M. Fong, and T. H. Cao. Automatic fuzzy ontology generation for semantic web[J]. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering.2006,18(6):842-856.
[23]Muhammad Abulaish, Lipika Dey. Interoperability among distributed overlapping ontologies-a fuzzy ontology framework[C]. Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence (WI 2006 Main Conference Proceedings)(WI'06). Hong Kong,2006:397-403.
[24]Chang-Shing Lee, Zhi-Wei Jian, Lin-Kai Huang. A Fuzzy Ontology and Its Application to News Summarization[J]. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics-Part B:Cybernetics,2005,35(5):859-880.
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[26]Toby H. W. Lam. Fuzzy ontology map-a fuzzy extension of the hard-constraint ontology[C]. Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence, Hong Kong,2006:506-509.
[27]郑晓霞,石磊.模糊本体在语义信息检索中的应用[J].黑龙江工程学院学报.2008,22(1)：74-77.
[28]C. M. Fong, and T. H. Cao. Automatic fuzzy ontology generation for semantic web[J]. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering.2006,18(6):842-856.
[29]Kang Dazhou, Xu Baowen, Lu Jianjiang, Li Yanhui. Description logics for fuzzy ontologies on semantic web[J]. Journal of Southeast University (English Edition).2006,22(3):343-347.
[30]Jun Zhai, WeixinLuan, Yiduo Liang, and Jiatao Jiang. Using Ontology to Represent Fuzzy Knowledge for Fuzzy Systems [C]. Fifth International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery,2008(3):20-27.
[31]Jun Zhai, Wei Liu, Yiduo Liang, and Jiatao Jiang. Fuzzy Knowledge Representation for Fuzzy Systems Based on Ontology and RDF on the Semantic Web[C]. International Conference on Information and Automation,2008(7):1101-1105.
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[33]Jun Zhai, Yiduo Liang, Yi Yu and Jiatao Jiang. Semantic Information Retrieval Based on Fuzzy Ontology for Electronic Commerce[J]. JOURNAL OF SOFTWARE, 2008,9(3):20-24.
[34]Extensible Access Control Markup Language (XACML). http://docs. oasis-open, org/xacml/2.0/access_control-xacml-2.0-core-spec-os. pdf.
[35]Joshi. Access-control language for multidomain environments[J]. Internet Computing, IEEE,8(6):40-50.
[36]W3C Workshop for Rule Languages for Interoperability. http://www. w3. org/2004/12/rules-ws/cfp.
[37]Horrocks and Patel-Schneider. http://www. daml. org/rules/proposal.
[38]李善平,胡玉杰,郭鸣.本体论研究综述[J].计算机研究与发展.2006,41(7)：2-4.
[39]Gruber T. R.. Towards principles for the design of ontologies used for knowledge sharing[J]. International Journal of Human and Computer Studies.1995,43:907-928.
[40]Studer R., Benjamins V. R.., Fensel D.. Knowledge engineering:principles and methods[J]. Data and Knowledge Engineering.1998,25(122):161-197.
[41]杜小勇,李曼,王珊.本体学习研究综述[J].软件学报.2006,17(9)：1-3.
[42]黄茂军.地理本体的关键问题和应用研究[M].合肥：中国科技大学出版社,2006.
[43]陆建江等.语义网原理与技术[M].北京：科学出版社,2007.
[44]G. Stumme, M. Ehrig, S. Handschuh et al. The Karlsruhe View on Ontologies [J]. Institute AIFB, Technical Report University of Karlsruhe,2003.
[45]Marc Ehrig. Ontology Alignment Bridging the Semantic Gap[M]. University of Karlsruhe Germany, Springer 2007.
[46]Philipp Cimiano. Ontology Learning and Population from Text Algorithms, Evaluation and Applications[M]. University of Karlsruhe Germany.2006 Springer.
[47]张红.语义网中的本体推理及其应用研究[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文,2003.
[48]奕艳,丁二玉,骆斌.基于Ontology的语义检索技术[J].计算机工程与应用.2005(28)：156-159.
[49]尹皎,郑军.Ontology在语义信息检索中的使用[J].农业图书情报刊.2006,18.
[50]王艳芬.基于本体技术的元搜索引擎系统的实现与研究[D].苏州大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[51]Elie Sanchez, Takahiro Yamanoi. Fuzzy Ontologies for the Semantic Web[J]. Lecture Notes in Computer Science.2006:691-699.
[52]Zadeh L A. The Concept of a Linguistic Variable and Its Application to Approximate Reasoning[J]. Information Science.1975,8(3):199-249.
[53]陈逸菲,叶小玲,张颖超.基于语言变量的关系数据库模糊查询[J].计算机工程.2009,35(9) ：28-30.
[54]Jun Zhai, Yan Cao, and Yan Chen. Semantic Information Retrieval Based on Fuzzy Ontology for Intelligent Transportation Systems[J].2008 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC 2008):2321-2326.
[55]翟军,李剑锋,陈燕.基于语言变量的模糊本体模型[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版).2009,6：55-61.
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[61]Protege:http://protege.stanford.edu/.
[62]SWRL Ontology:http://www.daml.org/rules/proposal/swrl.owl.
[63]Jess Rule Engine:http://herzberg.ca.sandia.gov/jess/
[2]Perugia. Fuzzy Logic in the Semantic Web:a New Challenge[C]. IPMU 2004. Italy, 2004:1017-1038.
[3]Fuzzy Logic and the Semantic Web Workshop. http://www. lif. univ-rnrs. fr/FLSW.
[4]王立新.模糊系统与模糊控制[M].北京：清华大学出版社.2003.
[5]刘红阁,郑丽萍,张少方.本体论的研究和应用现状[J].信息技术快报.2005,3(1)：1-12.
[6]D. Fensel et al. An ontology infrastructure for the semantic web[J]. IEEE Intelligent Systems.2001,16(2):38-45.
[7]王进,陈恩红,张振亚,王煦法.基于本体的跨语言信息检索模型[J].中文信息学报.2004,4(3)：1-8.
[8]李蕾,王楠,钟义信.基于语义网络的概念检索研究与实现[J].情报学报.2000,6(5)：525-531.
[9]董慧.基于本体论和数字图书馆的信息检索[J].情报学报.2003,4(6)：648-652.
[10]邓志鸿,唐世渭,张铭,杨冬青,陈捷.Ontology研究综述[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版).2002,38(5)：730-738.
[11]郑杰,纪希禹.基于本体的语义检索模型[J].科技情报开发与经济.2007,17(25)：119-121.
[12]花开明,陈家训,杨洪山.基于本体与元数据的语义检索[J].计算机工程.2007,33(24)：220-223.
[13]张晨,穆斌.在不同本体环境下的语义检索[J].合肥工业大学学报,2005.28(2)：171-175.
[14]王珊,张俊,彭朝辉,战疆,杜小勇.基于本体的关系数据库语义检索[J].Journal of Frontiers of Computer Science and Technology.2007,1(1):59-78.
[15]张李义.基于模糊语义距离的多媒体信息检索方法研究[J].情报学报.2003,22(2)：131-135.
[16]S. Brin, L. Page. The anatomy of a large-scale hypertextual web search engine[C]. Proceedings of the Seventh International World Wide Web Conference,1998.
[17]M. Sikravesh, V. Loia, B. Azvine. Soft Computing-A Fusion of Foundations Methodologies and Applications[J]. Fuzzy logic and the Internet(FLINT). Aug 2002, 6(5):287-299.
[18]G. Ramakrishnan, S. Chakrabarti, D. Paranjpe. Is question answering and acquired skill[C]. Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on World Wide Web,2004.
[19]Widyantoro D. H..A fuzzy ontology-based abstract search engine and its user studies[C]. Proceedings of the 10th IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, Melbourne Australia,2001:1291-1294.
[20]Parry D.. A fuzzy ontology for medical document retrieval[C]. Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Australasian Information Security. New Zealand,2004:121-126.
[21]C. S. Lee, Z. W. Jian, and L. K. Huang. A fuzzy ontology and its application to news summarization[J]. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (Part B).2005,35(5):859-880.
[22]Q. T. Tho, S. C. Hui, A. C. M. Fong, and T. H. Cao. Automatic fuzzy ontology generation for semantic web[J]. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering.2006,18(6):842-856.
[23]Muhammad Abulaish, Lipika Dey. Interoperability among distributed overlapping ontologies-a fuzzy ontology framework[C]. Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence (WI 2006 Main Conference Proceedings)(WI'06). Hong Kong,2006:397-403.
[24]Chang-Shing Lee, Zhi-Wei Jian, Lin-Kai Huang. A Fuzzy Ontology and Its Application to News Summarization[J]. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics-Part B:Cybernetics,2005,35(5):859-880.
[25]Muhammad Abulaish, Lipika Dey. Interoperability among distributed overlapping ontologies-a fuzzy ontology framework[C]. Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence, Hong Kong,2006:397-403.
[26]Toby H. W. Lam. Fuzzy ontology map-a fuzzy extension of the hard-constraint ontology[C]. Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence, Hong Kong,2006:506-509.
[27]郑晓霞,石磊.模糊本体在语义信息检索中的应用[J].黑龙江工程学院学报.2008,22(1)：74-77.
[28]C. M. Fong, and T. H. Cao. Automatic fuzzy ontology generation for semantic web[J]. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering.2006,18(6):842-856.
[29]Kang Dazhou, Xu Baowen, Lu Jianjiang, Li Yanhui. Description logics for fuzzy ontologies on semantic web[J]. Journal of Southeast University (English Edition).2006,22(3):343-347.
[30]Jun Zhai, WeixinLuan, Yiduo Liang, and Jiatao Jiang. Using Ontology to Represent Fuzzy Knowledge for Fuzzy Systems [C]. Fifth International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery,2008(3):20-27.
[31]Jun Zhai, Wei Liu, Yiduo Liang, and Jiatao Jiang. Fuzzy Knowledge Representation for Fuzzy Systems Based on Ontology and RDF on the Semantic Web[C]. International Conference on Information and Automation,2008(7):1101-1105.
[32]翟军,陈燕,沈立新.基于模糊本体的智能交通系统知识建模[J].大连海事大学学报,2008,34(2)：91-94.
[33]Jun Zhai, Yiduo Liang, Yi Yu and Jiatao Jiang. Semantic Information Retrieval Based on Fuzzy Ontology for Electronic Commerce[J]. JOURNAL OF SOFTWARE, 2008,9(3):20-24.
[34]Extensible Access Control Markup Language (XACML). http://docs. oasis-open, org/xacml/2.0/access_control-xacml-2.0-core-spec-os. pdf.
[35]Joshi. Access-control language for multidomain environments[J]. Internet Computing, IEEE,8(6):40-50.
[36]W3C Workshop for Rule Languages for Interoperability. http://www. w3. org/2004/12/rules-ws/cfp.
[37]Horrocks and Patel-Schneider. http://www. daml. org/rules/proposal.
[38]李善平,胡玉杰,郭鸣.本体论研究综述[J].计算机研究与发展.2006,41(7)：2-4.
[39]Gruber T. R.. Towards principles for the design of ontologies used for knowledge sharing[J]. International Journal of Human and Computer Studies.1995,43:907-928.
[40]Studer R., Benjamins V. R.., Fensel D.. Knowledge engineering:principles and methods[J]. Data and Knowledge Engineering.1998,25(122):161-197.
[41]杜小勇,李曼,王珊.本体学习研究综述[J].软件学报.2006,17(9)：1-3.
[42]黄茂军.地理本体的关键问题和应用研究[M].合肥：中国科技大学出版社,2006.
[43]陆建江等.语义网原理与技术[M].北京：科学出版社,2007.
[44]G. Stumme, M. Ehrig, S. Handschuh et al. The Karlsruhe View on Ontologies [J]. Institute AIFB, Technical Report University of Karlsruhe,2003.
[45]Marc Ehrig. Ontology Alignment Bridging the Semantic Gap[M]. University of Karlsruhe Germany, Springer 2007.
[46]Philipp Cimiano. Ontology Learning and Population from Text Algorithms, Evaluation and Applications[M]. University of Karlsruhe Germany.2006 Springer.
[47]张红.语义网中的本体推理及其应用研究[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文,2003.
[48]奕艳,丁二玉,骆斌.基于Ontology的语义检索技术[J].计算机工程与应用.2005(28)：156-159.
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