Al-Pb合金组织性能及高温变形行为研究
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摘要
本文采用机械合金化(MA)与真空热压烧结(HP)的方法制备了Al-Pb合金,并进行了热挤压变形处理。采用XRD、SEM、TEM研究Al-Pb合金的微观组织,研究了其热压缩变形行为,对其室温拉伸性能、阻尼性能进行了测试,并计算了其辐射防护性能。
通过SEM和XRD对由MA制备的Al-Pb合金进行研究。结果表明,在MA过程中,Al与Pb并不发生反应。随着MA过程中球磨时间的增加,Pb的尺寸不断减小,一段时间后趋于稳定。这是由于在MA过程中,合金在钢球球磨作用下,产生形变、冷焊与破碎三种效应所致。同时,Al-Pb合金晶粒尺寸随球磨时间的增加而不断减小,一段时间后趋于稳定。
通过XRD对真空热压烧结与热挤压后的合金试样进行物相分析,发现Al、Pb之间同样没有发生反应。用SEM对Al-Pb合金形貌进行观察,发现由于烧结时Pb原子的扩散使得Pb粒子长大。热挤压能够有效细化Al基体上的Pb粒子,是因为在进行挤压时液相Pb受到周围Al基体的作用产生破碎。本文还测试了Al-Pb合金的室温力学性能。由于合金本身的细晶强化作用,同时,弥散分布的Pb又起到了弥散强化的作用,使得Al-Pb合金力学性能远大于纯Al,使其能够应用于实际应用领域。对Al-Pb合金的辐射防护性进行了理论计算。通过阻尼温度谱测试了Al-Pb合金的阻尼性能,分析了阻尼峰的产生机理,发现两个阻尼峰分别来自晶界处的滑移与Pb相的熔化。
分析了Al-Pb合金的高温变形行为,研究了峰值应力下降的原因,计算了表观激活能并建立流变应力方程,结果表明其高温变形行为受热激活控制。
The Al-Pb alloy was fabricated by mechanical alloying and vacuum hot-pressed sintering and hot extrusion. The microstructure of alloy was analysed by XRD and TEM. The tensile properties at room temperature, and damping propertie were measured. Hot compression property was studied. Radiation protection property was measured.
The process of mechanical alloying of Al-Pballoy was investigated alloy by SEM and XRD.The restults showed that no reactin occurred between Al and Pb. With the milling time increasing in mechanical alloying process, Pb particles size decreased and finally tended to be stable. In the process of alloying, Al-Pb alloy was impacted by steel balls.The deformation, cold welding and fragmentation affect alloying. At the same time, the grain size of the alloy also decreased with milling time increasing, and was tended to be stable after a period of time.
The alloy repareing vacuum hot pressing and hot extrusion was investigated by XRD. There was also no new phase. Al-Pb alloy was observed by SEM. Hot extrusion could effectively refine the Pb particles, because liquid phase Pb was affect by Al matrix during the extrusion, and was broken into more small particles.
The tensile properties at room temperature were measured. Because of the role of the fine-grain strength and dispersion strength which is due to the distribution of Pb particles, Al-Pb alloy mechanical property is better than pure Al. Radiation protection was calculated. Through the damping temperature spectrum test, Al-Pb alloy damping performance was studied. Its damping peaks come from the grain boundary sliding and liquid phase Pb, respectively.
The hot deformation behavior of Al-Pb alloys was analyzed. The apparent activation energy was calculated. The flow stress equation was established, and the thermal deformation process is controlled by heat activation.
通过SEM和XRD对由MA制备的Al-Pb合金进行研究。结果表明,在MA过程中,Al与Pb并不发生反应。随着MA过程中球磨时间的增加,Pb的尺寸不断减小,一段时间后趋于稳定。这是由于在MA过程中,合金在钢球球磨作用下,产生形变、冷焊与破碎三种效应所致。同时,Al-Pb合金晶粒尺寸随球磨时间的增加而不断减小,一段时间后趋于稳定。
通过XRD对真空热压烧结与热挤压后的合金试样进行物相分析,发现Al、Pb之间同样没有发生反应。用SEM对Al-Pb合金形貌进行观察,发现由于烧结时Pb原子的扩散使得Pb粒子长大。热挤压能够有效细化Al基体上的Pb粒子,是因为在进行挤压时液相Pb受到周围Al基体的作用产生破碎。本文还测试了Al-Pb合金的室温力学性能。由于合金本身的细晶强化作用,同时,弥散分布的Pb又起到了弥散强化的作用,使得Al-Pb合金力学性能远大于纯Al,使其能够应用于实际应用领域。对Al-Pb合金的辐射防护性进行了理论计算。通过阻尼温度谱测试了Al-Pb合金的阻尼性能,分析了阻尼峰的产生机理,发现两个阻尼峰分别来自晶界处的滑移与Pb相的熔化。
分析了Al-Pb合金的高温变形行为,研究了峰值应力下降的原因,计算了表观激活能并建立流变应力方程,结果表明其高温变形行为受热激活控制。
The Al-Pb alloy was fabricated by mechanical alloying and vacuum hot-pressed sintering and hot extrusion. The microstructure of alloy was analysed by XRD and TEM. The tensile properties at room temperature, and damping propertie were measured. Hot compression property was studied. Radiation protection property was measured.
The process of mechanical alloying of Al-Pballoy was investigated alloy by SEM and XRD.The restults showed that no reactin occurred between Al and Pb. With the milling time increasing in mechanical alloying process, Pb particles size decreased and finally tended to be stable. In the process of alloying, Al-Pb alloy was impacted by steel balls.The deformation, cold welding and fragmentation affect alloying. At the same time, the grain size of the alloy also decreased with milling time increasing, and was tended to be stable after a period of time.
The alloy repareing vacuum hot pressing and hot extrusion was investigated by XRD. There was also no new phase. Al-Pb alloy was observed by SEM. Hot extrusion could effectively refine the Pb particles, because liquid phase Pb was affect by Al matrix during the extrusion, and was broken into more small particles.
The tensile properties at room temperature were measured. Because of the role of the fine-grain strength and dispersion strength which is due to the distribution of Pb particles, Al-Pb alloy mechanical property is better than pure Al. Radiation protection was calculated. Through the damping temperature spectrum test, Al-Pb alloy damping performance was studied. Its damping peaks come from the grain boundary sliding and liquid phase Pb, respectively.
The hot deformation behavior of Al-Pb alloys was analyzed. The apparent activation energy was calculated. The flow stress equation was established, and the thermal deformation process is controlled by heat activation.
引文
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[5]田浩.BaPbO3/2024Al复合材料的制备与BaPbO3颗粒包覆工艺的研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文.2007.5-7页
[6]丁红燕.铝合金和钛合金在雨水/海水环境下的腐蚀与磨损交互作用研究.南京航空航天大学博士论文.2007：3-7页
[7]潘复生,张丁非等.铝合金及应用.北京：化学工业出版社,2006：1-10页
[8]鞠泉,李殿国,刘国权.5Cr-25Ni-Fe基合金高温塑性变形行为的加工图,金属学报,2002,42(2),218-224页
[9]Ramanathan S.,Karthikeyan R.,Gupta Manoj,Development of processing maps forAl/SiCp composite using fuzzy logic,Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2002,183,104-110P
[10]王迎新.Pb-Al合金晶粒细化、热变形行为及加工工艺的研究,上海交通大学博士论文,2006
[11]Cavaliere p.,Evangelista E.,Isothermal forging of metal matrix composites:Recrystallization behaviour by means of deformation efficiency,Composites Science andTechnology,2006,66,357-362P
[12]Ouyanga Q.B,Zhoub W.M.,Zhangc G.D,etc,Wettability and its improvement atAl/SiC Interfaces, Key Engineering Materials,2007,351,52-57 P
[13]Ramanathan S.,Karthikeyan R.,Ganasen G.,Development of processing maps for2124Al/SiCp composites,Materials Science and Engineering A,2006,441,321-32P
[14]Zhu M,Che X Z,Li Z X,et al. Mechanical alloying of immiscible Pb2Al binary system by high energy ball milling.J Material Science,1998,33:5873-5881P
[15]胡劲,孙勇,姜东慧.Al-Pb体系研究进展.昆明理工大学学报.2003：28(01)23-27页
[16]H. W. Sheng, F. Zhou, Z. Q. Hu, and K. Lu. Investigation of Al-Pb nocomposites synthesized by nonequilibrium processes. Journal of. Materals Research.,1998,13(02):308-315P
[17]生红卫,卢柯,胡壮麒.界面结构对纳米镶嵌颗粒熔化行为的影响.材料科学学报.1996：(1)30-32页
[18]吴志方.纳米相复合合金中相的长大行为.华南理工博士论文.2007.56-58页
[19]邓运来,刘瑛,张新明.Al-Pb合金颗粒挤压成形工艺研究.轻合金加工技术.2002：(9)53-57页
[20]李溪滨,杨慧敏,刘如铁.铝-铅固体滋润滑材料.润滑与密封.2003：(2)52-55页
[21]安健.铝铅轴承合金的复合强度与摩擦学特性.吉林大学博士学位论文.2001：2-4页.
[22]方芳,朱敏.互不溶合金体系的机械合金化研究.自然科学进展.2001：(10)1026-1030页
[23]张荣生,刘海洪,快速凝固技术.北京：冶金工业出版社,1991.8-15页
[24]H G Brokmier.Experimental Txxture of A-Pb,Al-Cu and Fe-Cu Metal-metal composites. Material and Engineering,2007,(A175):131-139P
[25]李宋瑞.铅及铅合金.湖南：中南工业大学出版社2005,87-88页
[26]王庆学,张联盟.机械合金化—新型固态非平衡加工技术.中国陶瓷.2002：38(2)36-39页
[27]计汉容.固态反应中的机械合金化技术.云南冶金.1998：27(1)43-48页
[28]徐安莲,刘守平,周上祺等.机械合金化的研究进展.重庆大学学报.2005：28(11)84-88页
[29]国家自然科学基金委员会.自然科学学科发展调研报告—金属材料学科.北京：科学出版社,1995：15页
[30]陈振华,陈鼎.机械合金化与固液反应球磨.北京：化学工业出版社,2006：249页
[31]房文斌,贺文雄,王尔德.机械球磨制备Al-Pb合金.粉末冶金技术,2005：(05)842-846页
[32]胡劲,孙勇,姜东慧.Al-Pb体系研究进展.昆明理工大学学报.2003：28(01)23-27页
[33]冉广,周敬恩,席生岐,曹利强.Al-Pb-Si-Sn-Cu轴瓦合金的微观结构及特征.金属热处理.2004：29(2)2-5页
[34]李永伟.Al-Pb轴瓦合金的应用及研究进展.材料导报.1999：3(2)4-7页
[35]郭诗玫,荀艳坤,孙勇.Al-Pb系合金的制备方法与应用.云南冶金.2006：(5)48-52页
[36]刘力.稀土/高分子复合材料制备及其亚微观结构与发光、射线屏蔽及磁性能的关系研究.北京化工大学博士论文..2004：7页
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