摘要
本文以6名国家女子自由式滑雪空中技巧运动员为研究对象,应用德国生产的ISOMED2000等速测试系统对运动员躯干、髋关节、膝关节进行不同转速下的等速测试,可测试出最大关节力矩、最大关节力矩角度、单位体重的最大力矩、屈伸最大力矩比、总功、总功率、平均功率、运动范围等指标,分析运动员躯干、下肢肌肉的力量水平及特征。应用芬兰METITUR平衡测试系统进行身体平衡测试,测试出身体重心左右移动的距离、前后移动距离、上下移动的距离、速度矩等指标,可对运动员的平衡能力进行初步评价。并用SPSS16.0统计软件对运动员的测试数据进行统计,并将所有实验数据进行配对样本T检验及多因素相关性分析,旨在探讨运动员躯干、下肢肌肉力量与身体平衡能力存在的关系。
结果表明:1自由式滑雪空中技巧女子运动员肌肉力量特点:躯干伸肌力是屈肌力的大约1.7倍。髋关节右侧屈伸肌力均好于左侧,是由于运动员右侧腿是优势腿,在运动过程中,分配更多的肌肉力量到右腿。膝关节右侧伸肌力量好于左侧伸肌力量;左侧屈肌力量好于右侧屈肌力量。这可能是由于训练时采用的左右侧不同步肌肉力量训练的结果。2自由式滑雪空中技巧女子运动员躯干肌肉力量与身体平衡能力的关系:运动员身体的平衡能力和躯干单位体重的最大屈肌力,右侧单位体重的最大扭转力量存在着显著相关性。3自由式滑雪空中技巧女子运动员下肢肌肉力量与身体平衡能力的关系:身体平衡能力与髋关节左右侧伸单位体重的最大力量存在着显著相关性,与膝关节右侧屈伸单位体重最大力量存在着显著相关性。
根据研究结果建议:1运动员在平时训练中,要注意合理控制体重及均衡的训练肌肉力量。在适度提高运动速度的情况下,加强躯干、下肢肌力的训练。2建议运动员适当控制髋关节运动范围,提高髋关节左侧屈伸肌力量。适度加强膝关节右侧屈肌力量及左侧伸肌力量的训练。3建议适度提高躯干的最大屈肌力量,右侧肌肉最大扭转力量来增加身体的平衡能力。4适度提高髋关节左右侧单位最大伸肌力量、膝关节右侧单位最大屈伸肌力量,可增加女子运动员身体平衡能力。
6 national elite female freestyle skiing aerials athletes were selected as the research object.This article apply ISOMED2000 isokinetic test system for athletes trunk,hip,knee at the different speeds of isokinetic test,it can test maximum joint torque、angle of maximum joint torque、unit weight maximum torque、rate of flexible maximum torque and extend maximum torque、total work、total power、average power、range movement and so on,which analyze athletes level and characteristic of muscle strength of trunk and lower limb. Apply Finland METIUR balance test system to test body balance ablity,it can test moving distance of body gravity center of left and right、before and after、up and down and velocity torque and so on.which conduct a preliminary assessment for athletes balance ability.Apply statistical software SPSS16.0 for athletes exprimental data to statistice,and data were analyzed by using T test and analysing multi-factor correlation,for discussing athletes balance ability relation with muscle strength of trunk and lower limb.
The finding indicate that:1 muslce strength charcteristic of female freestyle skiing aerials athletes:trunk extension strength is about 1.7 times as flexion strength. right Hip strength of flexion and extension were better than the left. Because athletes have advantage of right leg , to allocate more muscle strength to right leg in the sport.The right knee extension strength was better than left extension strength;left flexion strength was better than right flexion strength. Possibly because of taking unsynchronous training ways to the same name muscle of left and right at the same time.2 Trunk muscle strength characteristic relation with balance ability of national elite female freestyle skiing aerials athletes: there is a signficant correlationship in athletes body balance ability with trunk unit weight maximum flexion strength、right unit weight maximum reversal strength.3 Lower limb strength characteristic relation with balance ability of national elite females freestyle skiing aerials athletes : there is a significant correlationship in athletes body balance ability with left and right hip extension maximum strength of unit weight. there is a significant corrlationship in athletes body balance ability with right knee maximum strength of unit weight.
The finding suggests:1 Athletes should pay attention to reasonable control body weight and the balanced train muscle strength in usual training.2 In the situation of moderate increasing movement velocity strengthen strength training of trunk and lower limb.2 It suggest that ahtletes appropriate control of hip joint range of movement and improve left hip muscle strength of flexion and extension. Modest strengthen training of right knee flexion strength and left extension strength. 3 It suggest that moderate improve trunk maximum flexion muscle strength and right trunk maximum reversal strength to increase body balance ability.4 Appropriate improve left and right hip unit weight maximum extension strength and right knee unit weight maximum flexion strength to increase athletes body balance ability.
引文
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