国家优秀女子自由式滑雪空中技巧运动员躯干、下肢肌力特征及与平衡能力关系的探析
|
摘要
本文以6名国家女子自由式滑雪空中技巧运动员为研究对象,应用德国生产的ISOMED2000等速测试系统对运动员躯干、髋关节、膝关节进行不同转速下的等速测试,可测试出最大关节力矩、最大关节力矩角度、单位体重的最大力矩、屈伸最大力矩比、总功、总功率、平均功率、运动范围等指标,分析运动员躯干、下肢肌肉的力量水平及特征。应用芬兰METITUR平衡测试系统进行身体平衡测试,测试出身体重心左右移动的距离、前后移动距离、上下移动的距离、速度矩等指标,可对运动员的平衡能力进行初步评价。并用SPSS16.0统计软件对运动员的测试数据进行统计,并将所有实验数据进行配对样本T检验及多因素相关性分析,旨在探讨运动员躯干、下肢肌肉力量与身体平衡能力存在的关系。
结果表明:1自由式滑雪空中技巧女子运动员肌肉力量特点:躯干伸肌力是屈肌力的大约1.7倍。髋关节右侧屈伸肌力均好于左侧,是由于运动员右侧腿是优势腿,在运动过程中,分配更多的肌肉力量到右腿。膝关节右侧伸肌力量好于左侧伸肌力量;左侧屈肌力量好于右侧屈肌力量。这可能是由于训练时采用的左右侧不同步肌肉力量训练的结果。2自由式滑雪空中技巧女子运动员躯干肌肉力量与身体平衡能力的关系:运动员身体的平衡能力和躯干单位体重的最大屈肌力,右侧单位体重的最大扭转力量存在着显著相关性。3自由式滑雪空中技巧女子运动员下肢肌肉力量与身体平衡能力的关系:身体平衡能力与髋关节左右侧伸单位体重的最大力量存在着显著相关性,与膝关节右侧屈伸单位体重最大力量存在着显著相关性。
根据研究结果建议:1运动员在平时训练中,要注意合理控制体重及均衡的训练肌肉力量。在适度提高运动速度的情况下,加强躯干、下肢肌力的训练。2建议运动员适当控制髋关节运动范围,提高髋关节左侧屈伸肌力量。适度加强膝关节右侧屈肌力量及左侧伸肌力量的训练。3建议适度提高躯干的最大屈肌力量,右侧肌肉最大扭转力量来增加身体的平衡能力。4适度提高髋关节左右侧单位最大伸肌力量、膝关节右侧单位最大屈伸肌力量,可增加女子运动员身体平衡能力。
6 national elite female freestyle skiing aerials athletes were selected as the research object.This article apply ISOMED2000 isokinetic test system for athletes trunk,hip,knee at the different speeds of isokinetic test,it can test maximum joint torque、angle of maximum joint torque、unit weight maximum torque、rate of flexible maximum torque and extend maximum torque、total work、total power、average power、range movement and so on,which analyze athletes level and characteristic of muscle strength of trunk and lower limb. Apply Finland METIUR balance test system to test body balance ablity,it can test moving distance of body gravity center of left and right、before and after、up and down and velocity torque and so on.which conduct a preliminary assessment for athletes balance ability.Apply statistical software SPSS16.0 for athletes exprimental data to statistice,and data were analyzed by using T test and analysing multi-factor correlation,for discussing athletes balance ability relation with muscle strength of trunk and lower limb.
The finding indicate that:1 muslce strength charcteristic of female freestyle skiing aerials athletes:trunk extension strength is about 1.7 times as flexion strength. right Hip strength of flexion and extension were better than the left. Because athletes have advantage of right leg , to allocate more muscle strength to right leg in the sport.The right knee extension strength was better than left extension strength;left flexion strength was better than right flexion strength. Possibly because of taking unsynchronous training ways to the same name muscle of left and right at the same time.2 Trunk muscle strength characteristic relation with balance ability of national elite female freestyle skiing aerials athletes: there is a signficant correlationship in athletes body balance ability with trunk unit weight maximum flexion strength、right unit weight maximum reversal strength.3 Lower limb strength characteristic relation with balance ability of national elite females freestyle skiing aerials athletes : there is a significant correlationship in athletes body balance ability with left and right hip extension maximum strength of unit weight. there is a significant corrlationship in athletes body balance ability with right knee maximum strength of unit weight.
The finding suggests:1 Athletes should pay attention to reasonable control body weight and the balanced train muscle strength in usual training.2 In the situation of moderate increasing movement velocity strengthen strength training of trunk and lower limb.2 It suggest that ahtletes appropriate control of hip joint range of movement and improve left hip muscle strength of flexion and extension. Modest strengthen training of right knee flexion strength and left extension strength. 3 It suggest that moderate improve trunk maximum flexion muscle strength and right trunk maximum reversal strength to increase body balance ability.4 Appropriate improve left and right hip unit weight maximum extension strength and right knee unit weight maximum flexion strength to increase athletes body balance ability.
结果表明:1自由式滑雪空中技巧女子运动员肌肉力量特点:躯干伸肌力是屈肌力的大约1.7倍。髋关节右侧屈伸肌力均好于左侧,是由于运动员右侧腿是优势腿,在运动过程中,分配更多的肌肉力量到右腿。膝关节右侧伸肌力量好于左侧伸肌力量;左侧屈肌力量好于右侧屈肌力量。这可能是由于训练时采用的左右侧不同步肌肉力量训练的结果。2自由式滑雪空中技巧女子运动员躯干肌肉力量与身体平衡能力的关系:运动员身体的平衡能力和躯干单位体重的最大屈肌力,右侧单位体重的最大扭转力量存在着显著相关性。3自由式滑雪空中技巧女子运动员下肢肌肉力量与身体平衡能力的关系:身体平衡能力与髋关节左右侧伸单位体重的最大力量存在着显著相关性,与膝关节右侧屈伸单位体重最大力量存在着显著相关性。
根据研究结果建议:1运动员在平时训练中,要注意合理控制体重及均衡的训练肌肉力量。在适度提高运动速度的情况下,加强躯干、下肢肌力的训练。2建议运动员适当控制髋关节运动范围,提高髋关节左侧屈伸肌力量。适度加强膝关节右侧屈肌力量及左侧伸肌力量的训练。3建议适度提高躯干的最大屈肌力量,右侧肌肉最大扭转力量来增加身体的平衡能力。4适度提高髋关节左右侧单位最大伸肌力量、膝关节右侧单位最大屈伸肌力量,可增加女子运动员身体平衡能力。
6 national elite female freestyle skiing aerials athletes were selected as the research object.This article apply ISOMED2000 isokinetic test system for athletes trunk,hip,knee at the different speeds of isokinetic test,it can test maximum joint torque、angle of maximum joint torque、unit weight maximum torque、rate of flexible maximum torque and extend maximum torque、total work、total power、average power、range movement and so on,which analyze athletes level and characteristic of muscle strength of trunk and lower limb. Apply Finland METIUR balance test system to test body balance ablity,it can test moving distance of body gravity center of left and right、before and after、up and down and velocity torque and so on.which conduct a preliminary assessment for athletes balance ability.Apply statistical software SPSS16.0 for athletes exprimental data to statistice,and data were analyzed by using T test and analysing multi-factor correlation,for discussing athletes balance ability relation with muscle strength of trunk and lower limb.
The finding indicate that:1 muslce strength charcteristic of female freestyle skiing aerials athletes:trunk extension strength is about 1.7 times as flexion strength. right Hip strength of flexion and extension were better than the left. Because athletes have advantage of right leg , to allocate more muscle strength to right leg in the sport.The right knee extension strength was better than left extension strength;left flexion strength was better than right flexion strength. Possibly because of taking unsynchronous training ways to the same name muscle of left and right at the same time.2 Trunk muscle strength characteristic relation with balance ability of national elite female freestyle skiing aerials athletes: there is a signficant correlationship in athletes body balance ability with trunk unit weight maximum flexion strength、right unit weight maximum reversal strength.3 Lower limb strength characteristic relation with balance ability of national elite females freestyle skiing aerials athletes : there is a significant correlationship in athletes body balance ability with left and right hip extension maximum strength of unit weight. there is a significant corrlationship in athletes body balance ability with right knee maximum strength of unit weight.
The finding suggests:1 Athletes should pay attention to reasonable control body weight and the balanced train muscle strength in usual training.2 In the situation of moderate increasing movement velocity strengthen strength training of trunk and lower limb.2 It suggest that ahtletes appropriate control of hip joint range of movement and improve left hip muscle strength of flexion and extension. Modest strengthen training of right knee flexion strength and left extension strength. 3 It suggest that moderate improve trunk maximum flexion muscle strength and right trunk maximum reversal strength to increase body balance ability.4 Appropriate improve left and right hip unit weight maximum extension strength and right knee unit weight maximum flexion strength to increase athletes body balance ability.
引文
[1]胡明霞.对优秀运动选手平衡能力之比较研究[J].物理治疗2005,(30)33~40.
[2]NicholsDS.balancetraining after stroke using force platform bioeedback.physical therory2007,(77)553~558.
[3]Eadric Bressel ,EdD.comparison of static and dynamic blance in female collegiate soccer basketball and gymnastics athletes. physical therory2006,(9)63~78.
[4]Lephart ,SM.a cinoaruson between female intercollegiate gymnasts and controls keen surg sports traumatol arthrose.1996,(4)121~124.
[5]John Kras.physical character predict in male athletes.physical therapy in sport. 2008,(2)162~171.
[6]姚远.在6个月太极柔力球练习对老年人静态平衡能力的影响[J].中国运动医学杂志. 2008,(9):612~613.
[7]周越等.对青少年女子举重运动员专项成绩与下肢肌肉力量相关分析[J].北京体育大学学报.2008,[4].
[8]屈建华.优秀水球运动员膝关节肌群等速向心收缩力量特征研究[J].武汉体育学院学报.2005,[10].
[9]Wyatt and Edwards.bilateral peak torque of the knee extensor and flexor muscles in elite and amateur male soccer players athetics science .2000[11].
[10]James,R,Burt,M.distance runner strength training.atheletics science.2004(5) 12~17.
[11]丁宁伟等.优秀赛艇运动员躯干肌群等动力量特征及专项能力的关系[J].体育科学.2005, (11): 60~61.
[12]杨明媛.躯干肌力与女子少年运动员跳跃成绩的关系研究[J].体育科学.2009,[1].
[13]张晓明等.对我国第九届冬运会男子短距离速度滑冰前四名运动员膝、踝关节肌力特征的研究[J].北京体育大学学报.2006,[2].
[14]王萍.男子跳远运动员膝关节肌等速向心收缩的肌力研究[J].北京体育大学学报.2006, (12):214~216.
[15]李坦等.对在不同角速度下男子跳远运动员髋关节肌群等速向心收缩的肌力研究[J].湖北体育科技.2007,(1):46~49.
[16]虞重干等.篮排球运动员下肢3关节肌等速测试的对比研究[J].体育科学.2000,[1].
[17]刘世敏等.对广东省优秀短跑、跨栏、三级跳运动员髋关节肌肉力量的等速测试研究[J].体育科学.2005,[9].
[18]彭云钊等.武术跳跃类动作落地稳定性探讨[J].武汉体育学院学报.2002,[3].
[19]忻鼎亮.步枪立姿射击稳定性的力学特征[J].医用生物力学.1996,[6].
[20]张建功.对男子自选手枪慢射姿势稳定性的分析[J].湖南理工学院学报.2008,[6].
[21]王梅.对提高平衡木动作的稳定性探讨[J].山东体育学院学报.2000,[4].
[22] Patla, A. E. In search of laws for the visual control of locomotion. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, (1989).(15), 162-168.
[23]运动解剖学[M].北京:人民体育出版社.
[24]张庆来.我国优秀青少年女子跳高运动员膝关节等速肌力特征研究[J].山东体育学报.2007,[4].
[25]杜峰等.健美操三种状态下的平衡能力研究[J].体育科学. 2007,(7):50~53.
[26]郭秀文等.浅析下肢肌力与侧举腿立踵平衡动作的关系[J].中国体育科技.2001,[6].
[27]张秀丽.国家优秀射击运动员的平衡稳定性特点及评价指标[J].体育科学.2007, (3):99~102.
[28]周家颖.田径运动技术与平衡[J].武汉体育学院学报.2003,(1):76~80.
[29]刘学贞等.射击运动生物力学分析[J].北京体育大学学报.2006,(12):214~216.
[30]刘汉良等.正常年轻人自动态平衡能力的测量及其影响因素[J].中华物理医学与康复杂志,2004,[05].
[31]邹荣祺等.优秀短距离场地自行车运动员动态平衡能力分析[J].中国运动医学杂志.2010,[1].
[32]陈海霞等.人体平衡功能评定的研究新进展[J].现代护理.2006,[23].
[33]李建设.运动生物力学进展及其面临的基本问题[J].体育科学,1998,[4].
[34]运动生物力学教材编写组.运动生物力学[M].北京:人民体育出版社.1996,6-11.
[35]郑秀瑗等.现代运动生物力学[M].北京:国防科技出版社.2002.
[36]李世明.运动生物力学与方法[M].北京:科学出版社.2006.
[37]白玉龙,范振华.躯干屈伸肌群等速肌力和耐力的初步研究[J].中国运动医学杂志,1999, (6):22~27.
[38]闫红光,佟永典等.国家自由式滑雪空中技巧运动员徐囡囡bdFF水池动作的运动学分析[J].辽宁体育科技,2001,[24].
[2]NicholsDS.balancetraining after stroke using force platform bioeedback.physical therory2007,(77)553~558.
[3]Eadric Bressel ,EdD.comparison of static and dynamic blance in female collegiate soccer basketball and gymnastics athletes. physical therory2006,(9)63~78.
[4]Lephart ,SM.a cinoaruson between female intercollegiate gymnasts and controls keen surg sports traumatol arthrose.1996,(4)121~124.
[5]John Kras.physical character predict in male athletes.physical therapy in sport. 2008,(2)162~171.
[6]姚远.在6个月太极柔力球练习对老年人静态平衡能力的影响[J].中国运动医学杂志. 2008,(9):612~613.
[7]周越等.对青少年女子举重运动员专项成绩与下肢肌肉力量相关分析[J].北京体育大学学报.2008,[4].
[8]屈建华.优秀水球运动员膝关节肌群等速向心收缩力量特征研究[J].武汉体育学院学报.2005,[10].
[9]Wyatt and Edwards.bilateral peak torque of the knee extensor and flexor muscles in elite and amateur male soccer players athetics science .2000[11].
[10]James,R,Burt,M.distance runner strength training.atheletics science.2004(5) 12~17.
[11]丁宁伟等.优秀赛艇运动员躯干肌群等动力量特征及专项能力的关系[J].体育科学.2005, (11): 60~61.
[12]杨明媛.躯干肌力与女子少年运动员跳跃成绩的关系研究[J].体育科学.2009,[1].
[13]张晓明等.对我国第九届冬运会男子短距离速度滑冰前四名运动员膝、踝关节肌力特征的研究[J].北京体育大学学报.2006,[2].
[14]王萍.男子跳远运动员膝关节肌等速向心收缩的肌力研究[J].北京体育大学学报.2006, (12):214~216.
[15]李坦等.对在不同角速度下男子跳远运动员髋关节肌群等速向心收缩的肌力研究[J].湖北体育科技.2007,(1):46~49.
[16]虞重干等.篮排球运动员下肢3关节肌等速测试的对比研究[J].体育科学.2000,[1].
[17]刘世敏等.对广东省优秀短跑、跨栏、三级跳运动员髋关节肌肉力量的等速测试研究[J].体育科学.2005,[9].
[18]彭云钊等.武术跳跃类动作落地稳定性探讨[J].武汉体育学院学报.2002,[3].
[19]忻鼎亮.步枪立姿射击稳定性的力学特征[J].医用生物力学.1996,[6].
[20]张建功.对男子自选手枪慢射姿势稳定性的分析[J].湖南理工学院学报.2008,[6].
[21]王梅.对提高平衡木动作的稳定性探讨[J].山东体育学院学报.2000,[4].
[22] Patla, A. E. In search of laws for the visual control of locomotion. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, (1989).(15), 162-168.
[23]运动解剖学[M].北京:人民体育出版社.
[24]张庆来.我国优秀青少年女子跳高运动员膝关节等速肌力特征研究[J].山东体育学报.2007,[4].
[25]杜峰等.健美操三种状态下的平衡能力研究[J].体育科学. 2007,(7):50~53.
[26]郭秀文等.浅析下肢肌力与侧举腿立踵平衡动作的关系[J].中国体育科技.2001,[6].
[27]张秀丽.国家优秀射击运动员的平衡稳定性特点及评价指标[J].体育科学.2007, (3):99~102.
[28]周家颖.田径运动技术与平衡[J].武汉体育学院学报.2003,(1):76~80.
[29]刘学贞等.射击运动生物力学分析[J].北京体育大学学报.2006,(12):214~216.
[30]刘汉良等.正常年轻人自动态平衡能力的测量及其影响因素[J].中华物理医学与康复杂志,2004,[05].
[31]邹荣祺等.优秀短距离场地自行车运动员动态平衡能力分析[J].中国运动医学杂志.2010,[1].
[32]陈海霞等.人体平衡功能评定的研究新进展[J].现代护理.2006,[23].
[33]李建设.运动生物力学进展及其面临的基本问题[J].体育科学,1998,[4].
[34]运动生物力学教材编写组.运动生物力学[M].北京:人民体育出版社.1996,6-11.
[35]郑秀瑗等.现代运动生物力学[M].北京:国防科技出版社.2002.
[36]李世明.运动生物力学与方法[M].北京:科学出版社.2006.
[37]白玉龙,范振华.躯干屈伸肌群等速肌力和耐力的初步研究[J].中国运动医学杂志,1999, (6):22~27.
[38]闫红光,佟永典等.国家自由式滑雪空中技巧运动员徐囡囡bdFF水池动作的运动学分析[J].辽宁体育科技,2001,[24].