前向纠错编码和偏振扰偏器在160Gb/s高速光通信系统中的应用
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摘要
飞速发展的光通信技术促使人们对通信带宽的需求不断提高,骨干网的单信道传输速率已不再满足于2.5Gb/s和10Gb/s,未来将会有40Gb/s,甚至是160Gb/s的需求。
本论文从偏振理论的研究着手,系统的分析并研究了160Gb/s高速光通信系统的各种限制因素。重点研究前向纠错编码(FEC)和偏振扰偏器在160Gb/s高速光通信系统中的应用技术。通过仿真和实验相结合的手段,得到了一些有益的结论:
1)对160Gb/s高速光通信系统中的偏振模色散补偿技术进行了研究,在对偏振模色散(PMD)理论的深入研究和多种PMD补偿方案进行对比分析的基础上,发现现有PMD补偿方法存在结构过于复杂、成本高和补偿效果不理想等问题,提出在160Gb/s光通信系统中采用FEC和偏振扰偏器相结合的方法补偿PMD,改善系统的性能。
2)深入研究了带内、带外和超强前向纠错编码的编码理论、码型特点和译码方法,分析了ITU-T建议的各种FEC的性能指标和适用范围。对9.95328Gb/s—10.66423Gb/s FEC模块的纠错能力进行了实验研究,在10Gb/s光通信系统中,通过PMD仿真器加入少量PMD,测试有无FEC时系统传输误码率和功率代价,发现采用FEC对PMD致功率代价有一定的改善作用。
3)采用可调时延线进行了光时分多路复用实验,并对该复用器进行了时延精度分析,结果表明,可调时延线适用于160Gb/s时分复用系统和带有FEC模块的170Gb/s系统。
4)分析比较了偏振控制器的工作原理和性能指标,完成扰偏器的性能测试工作。在2.5Gb/s光纤通信系统中,采用低速偏振扰偏器进行了传输实验,发现扰偏器可以显著改善系统性能。研究了扰偏器在40Gb/s系统中的应用,以及扰偏器对160Gb/s系统的影响。研究结果表明,扰偏器的速率是其对系统性能产生负面影响的重要因素。
Impelled by the rapid development of optical communication technology, the peoples' demand for communication bandwidth is increasing. The single-channel's data rate of the backbone network is no longer satisfied with 2.5Gb/s and 10Gb/s, and the need for 40Gb/s even 160Gb/s will come in the future.
This paper Embarks from the research of polarization theory. Some limiting factors of 160Gb/s high-speed optical communication system were analyzed and studied. The application technology of FEC and polarization scrambler in the 160Gb/s system was mainly researched. And some useful conclusions were got from the simulation and experiments.
a) The compensation technology of PMD in the 160Gb/s high-speed optical communication system was studied. The disadvantages of complex structure, high-cost and the limited effect in existing methods of PMD compensation were found though the deeply research on PMD theory and the comparison about kinds of PMD compensation schemes. The method of combining FEC and polarization scrambler in 160Gb/s optical communication system was put up to compensating PMD and improving the system performance
b) The coding theory, code character and decoding method of in-band, out of band and super FEC were studied deeply. Scopes of application and performance index suggested in ITU-T were analyzed. The error correcting capability of FEC block (9.95328Gb/s—10.66423Gb/s) was studied. System BER and power penalty with/without FEC were tested by adding PMD to PMD simulator in the 10Gb/s optical communication system. And power penalty caused by PMD was improved by using FEC.
c) Experiment of optical time division multiplexing was carried out adopting the adjustable time delay line, and the time-delay precision of the multiplexer was analyzed. The results showed that the adjustable time delay line was suitable for the 160Gb/s OTDM system and 170Gb/s system with FEC block.
d) Working principle and performance index of polarization controller were compared, and some performance test of the polarization scrambler was done. It was found that system performance could be improved by polarization controller significantly by using low speed polarization controller in the transmission experiment of 2.5Gb/s optical communication system. The application of the polarization controller in the 40Gb/s system was studied, and so did the effect of polarization controller on 160Gb/s system. The results showed that the rate of polarization scrambler was an important negative factor effecting on the system performance.
本论文从偏振理论的研究着手,系统的分析并研究了160Gb/s高速光通信系统的各种限制因素。重点研究前向纠错编码(FEC)和偏振扰偏器在160Gb/s高速光通信系统中的应用技术。通过仿真和实验相结合的手段,得到了一些有益的结论:
1)对160Gb/s高速光通信系统中的偏振模色散补偿技术进行了研究,在对偏振模色散(PMD)理论的深入研究和多种PMD补偿方案进行对比分析的基础上,发现现有PMD补偿方法存在结构过于复杂、成本高和补偿效果不理想等问题,提出在160Gb/s光通信系统中采用FEC和偏振扰偏器相结合的方法补偿PMD,改善系统的性能。
2)深入研究了带内、带外和超强前向纠错编码的编码理论、码型特点和译码方法,分析了ITU-T建议的各种FEC的性能指标和适用范围。对9.95328Gb/s—10.66423Gb/s FEC模块的纠错能力进行了实验研究,在10Gb/s光通信系统中,通过PMD仿真器加入少量PMD,测试有无FEC时系统传输误码率和功率代价,发现采用FEC对PMD致功率代价有一定的改善作用。
3)采用可调时延线进行了光时分多路复用实验,并对该复用器进行了时延精度分析,结果表明,可调时延线适用于160Gb/s时分复用系统和带有FEC模块的170Gb/s系统。
4)分析比较了偏振控制器的工作原理和性能指标,完成扰偏器的性能测试工作。在2.5Gb/s光纤通信系统中,采用低速偏振扰偏器进行了传输实验,发现扰偏器可以显著改善系统性能。研究了扰偏器在40Gb/s系统中的应用,以及扰偏器对160Gb/s系统的影响。研究结果表明,扰偏器的速率是其对系统性能产生负面影响的重要因素。
Impelled by the rapid development of optical communication technology, the peoples' demand for communication bandwidth is increasing. The single-channel's data rate of the backbone network is no longer satisfied with 2.5Gb/s and 10Gb/s, and the need for 40Gb/s even 160Gb/s will come in the future.
This paper Embarks from the research of polarization theory. Some limiting factors of 160Gb/s high-speed optical communication system were analyzed and studied. The application technology of FEC and polarization scrambler in the 160Gb/s system was mainly researched. And some useful conclusions were got from the simulation and experiments.
a) The compensation technology of PMD in the 160Gb/s high-speed optical communication system was studied. The disadvantages of complex structure, high-cost and the limited effect in existing methods of PMD compensation were found though the deeply research on PMD theory and the comparison about kinds of PMD compensation schemes. The method of combining FEC and polarization scrambler in 160Gb/s optical communication system was put up to compensating PMD and improving the system performance
b) The coding theory, code character and decoding method of in-band, out of band and super FEC were studied deeply. Scopes of application and performance index suggested in ITU-T were analyzed. The error correcting capability of FEC block (9.95328Gb/s—10.66423Gb/s) was studied. System BER and power penalty with/without FEC were tested by adding PMD to PMD simulator in the 10Gb/s optical communication system. And power penalty caused by PMD was improved by using FEC.
c) Experiment of optical time division multiplexing was carried out adopting the adjustable time delay line, and the time-delay precision of the multiplexer was analyzed. The results showed that the adjustable time delay line was suitable for the 160Gb/s OTDM system and 170Gb/s system with FEC block.
d) Working principle and performance index of polarization controller were compared, and some performance test of the polarization scrambler was done. It was found that system performance could be improved by polarization controller significantly by using low speed polarization controller in the transmission experiment of 2.5Gb/s optical communication system. The application of the polarization controller in the 40Gb/s system was studied, and so did the effect of polarization controller on 160Gb/s system. The results showed that the rate of polarization scrambler was an important negative factor effecting on the system performance.
引文
[1]Toshihiko Hirooka,Masatada Okazaki,Kou Osawa,and Masataka Nakazawa.160 Gbit/s-900km DPSK Transmission with Time-domain Optical Fourier Transformation.ECOC'2007,Session 1.3-High Speed Transmission.
[2]甘民乐,厉鼎毅主编.余力等译.光纤通信,卷B.北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2006.
[3]INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION.ITU—T G.652建议,1997(4)Session 6.3.
[4]F.Buchali.Adaptive PMD compensation by electrical and optical techniques.J.Of Light.Techn.vol.22 pp.1116-1126,2004.
[5]X.Liu.Experimental demonstration of broadband PMD mitigation through distributed fast polarization scrambling and FEC.Proc.ECOC'2004,post-deadline paper Th4.1.4.
[6]W.Shieh.Principal States of Polarization for an Optical Pulse.IEEE,Phot.Tech.Lett.,June vol.11,p.677-679,1999.
[7]龚倩,徐荣,叶小华,张民.高速超长距离光传输技术.北京:人民邮电出版社,2005.
[8]廖延彪.偏振光学.北京:科学出版社.2003.
[9]Karlsson,M.et al.2000a.Long-term measurement of PMD-compensation techniques.ECOC 2000.
[10]Ono,T.et al.2000.10Gb/s PMD compensation field experiment over 452km using principal state transmission method.OFC 2000.
[11]B.Wedding,C.N.Haslach.Enhanced PMD mitigation by polarization scrambling and forward error correction.OFC2001.
[12]Y.Xie,et al.Enhanced PMD mitigation using forward error correction coding and a first-order compensator.OFC2001.
[13]O.Ait Sab.FEC techniques in submarine transmission systems.OFC2001,vol.2,pp.TuF1.1-TuF1.3,2001.
[14]ITU-T Standardization Sector,Series G:Transmission Systems and Media,Digital Systems and Networks,G.975.
[15]H.Taga.Performance improvement of highly nonlinear long distance optical fiber transmission system using novel high gain forward error correcting code.OFC2001,vol..2,pp.TuF3.1-TuF3.3,2001
[16]Robert H.Morelos-Zaragoza.The Art of Error Correcting Coding.2006.
[17]曹志刚,钱亚生.现代通信原理.北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
[18]R.Blahut,Theory and Practice of Error Control Codes,Addison-Wesley,Reading,Massachusetts,1983.
[19]F.J.MacWilliams,N.J.A.Sloane,The Theory of Error-Correcting Codes,Amsterdam,North Holland,1977.
[20]I.S.Reed,X.Chen.Error-Control Coding for Data Networks,Kluwer Academic Publishers,Amsterdam,Netherlands,2000.
[21]延凤平,裴丽,宁提纲.光纤通信系统.北京:科学出版社.2006.p.136-137.
[22]李唐军.160Gb/s光时分复用系统关键技术研究.北京交通大学博士学位论文.2008.
[23]蔡立波.160Gb/s光时分复用器制作及扰偏器的应用,.北京交通大学硕士论文,2006.
[24]蔡立波,赵晶,李唐军.扰偏器在4×10Gbit/s光时分复用信号产生系统中的作用.光通信技术.第12期,2005.
[25]王目光.光纤偏振特性及其测量与补偿技术的研究.北京交通大学博士论文,2004.
[26]李唐军,王目光,简水生.Dynamic PMD Compensation for 160Gb/s OTDM Systems.Chin.Phys.Lett.23,4,864,2006.
[27]Li Tangjun,Muguang,Wang;Shuisheng,Jian,Dynamic PMD compensation for 160Gb/s OTDM systems;Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering,v 6353 I,Optical Transmission,Switching,and Subsystems Ⅳ,2006.
[28]Li Tangjun,Wang Muguang,et al.,PMD test method in the fiber link with optical amplifier,APOC'2004.
[29]POOLE,C.D.,BERGANO,N.S.,WAGNER,R.E.,and SCHULTE,H.J.Polarization Dispersion and Principal States in a 147kin Undersea Lightwave Cable,J.Lightwave Technol.,1988,VOL.6,NO.7,pp.1185-1191
[30]Jorn Patscher.Ralf Eckhardt,Component for second order compensation of polarization-mode dispersion[J].Electron.Lett.,1997,33(13):1157-1159
[31]P.A.Williams,"PMD measurement techniques-Avoiding measurement pitfalls",in Venice Summer School on Polarization Mode Dispersion,Venice,Italy,June 24-26 2002.11.
[2]甘民乐,厉鼎毅主编.余力等译.光纤通信,卷B.北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2006.
[3]INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION.ITU—T G.652建议,1997(4)Session 6.3.
[4]F.Buchali.Adaptive PMD compensation by electrical and optical techniques.J.Of Light.Techn.vol.22 pp.1116-1126,2004.
[5]X.Liu.Experimental demonstration of broadband PMD mitigation through distributed fast polarization scrambling and FEC.Proc.ECOC'2004,post-deadline paper Th4.1.4.
[6]W.Shieh.Principal States of Polarization for an Optical Pulse.IEEE,Phot.Tech.Lett.,June vol.11,p.677-679,1999.
[7]龚倩,徐荣,叶小华,张民.高速超长距离光传输技术.北京:人民邮电出版社,2005.
[8]廖延彪.偏振光学.北京:科学出版社.2003.
[9]Karlsson,M.et al.2000a.Long-term measurement of PMD-compensation techniques.ECOC 2000.
[10]Ono,T.et al.2000.10Gb/s PMD compensation field experiment over 452km using principal state transmission method.OFC 2000.
[11]B.Wedding,C.N.Haslach.Enhanced PMD mitigation by polarization scrambling and forward error correction.OFC2001.
[12]Y.Xie,et al.Enhanced PMD mitigation using forward error correction coding and a first-order compensator.OFC2001.
[13]O.Ait Sab.FEC techniques in submarine transmission systems.OFC2001,vol.2,pp.TuF1.1-TuF1.3,2001.
[14]ITU-T Standardization Sector,Series G:Transmission Systems and Media,Digital Systems and Networks,G.975.
[15]H.Taga.Performance improvement of highly nonlinear long distance optical fiber transmission system using novel high gain forward error correcting code.OFC2001,vol..2,pp.TuF3.1-TuF3.3,2001
[16]Robert H.Morelos-Zaragoza.The Art of Error Correcting Coding.2006.
[17]曹志刚,钱亚生.现代通信原理.北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
[18]R.Blahut,Theory and Practice of Error Control Codes,Addison-Wesley,Reading,Massachusetts,1983.
[19]F.J.MacWilliams,N.J.A.Sloane,The Theory of Error-Correcting Codes,Amsterdam,North Holland,1977.
[20]I.S.Reed,X.Chen.Error-Control Coding for Data Networks,Kluwer Academic Publishers,Amsterdam,Netherlands,2000.
[21]延凤平,裴丽,宁提纲.光纤通信系统.北京:科学出版社.2006.p.136-137.
[22]李唐军.160Gb/s光时分复用系统关键技术研究.北京交通大学博士学位论文.2008.
[23]蔡立波.160Gb/s光时分复用器制作及扰偏器的应用,.北京交通大学硕士论文,2006.
[24]蔡立波,赵晶,李唐军.扰偏器在4×10Gbit/s光时分复用信号产生系统中的作用.光通信技术.第12期,2005.
[25]王目光.光纤偏振特性及其测量与补偿技术的研究.北京交通大学博士论文,2004.
[26]李唐军,王目光,简水生.Dynamic PMD Compensation for 160Gb/s OTDM Systems.Chin.Phys.Lett.23,4,864,2006.
[27]Li Tangjun,Muguang,Wang;Shuisheng,Jian,Dynamic PMD compensation for 160Gb/s OTDM systems;Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering,v 6353 I,Optical Transmission,Switching,and Subsystems Ⅳ,2006.
[28]Li Tangjun,Wang Muguang,et al.,PMD test method in the fiber link with optical amplifier,APOC'2004.
[29]POOLE,C.D.,BERGANO,N.S.,WAGNER,R.E.,and SCHULTE,H.J.Polarization Dispersion and Principal States in a 147kin Undersea Lightwave Cable,J.Lightwave Technol.,1988,VOL.6,NO.7,pp.1185-1191
[30]Jorn Patscher.Ralf Eckhardt,Component for second order compensation of polarization-mode dispersion[J].Electron.Lett.,1997,33(13):1157-1159
[31]P.A.Williams,"PMD measurement techniques-Avoiding measurement pitfalls",in Venice Summer School on Polarization Mode Dispersion,Venice,Italy,June 24-26 2002.11.