东菲律宾海铁锰结壳（核）成因与古海洋环境响应
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摘要
本文以东菲律宾海沉积物表层新型深水铁锰结壳、铁锰结核及结壳下伏沉积物为研究对象,通过对其显微结构构造、矿物组成、元素组分的分析、元素赋存状态的系统研究、铀系和10Be同位素年代学测试,结合结壳(核)成矿背景和控矿要素分析,研究和恢复了研究区深水铁锰结壳(核)的成因与古海洋环境响应。这一结果填补了深海沉积物表层新型深水铁锰结壳系统研究的空白,深化了对铁锰结壳(核)分布规律、成因和形成过程及其古海洋环境记录作用的认识,充实了海底金属成矿理论,为铁锰结壳(核)的勘探与开采提供了理论基础和支持,同时也为研究区晚中新世以来一直不甚明了的构造演化提供了新的研究载体和资料。
通过研究,得出如下结论:(1)研究区铁锰结壳(核)的成矿背景主要受控于南极底流强弱及物源供给的变化;(2)证实铁锰结壳(核)主要为水成成因,同时其物质组成也受一定程度的火山和陆源物质的影响;结壳(核)自形成以来没有遭受到明显的磷酸盐化等成岩后期改造和元素再迁移,具有重要的古海洋学意义;(3)通过新型铁锰结壳及下伏沉积物元素赋存状态的研究,认为生物作用对研究区结壳的形成并没有很大的直接影响,其物质成分主要来自于结壳中铁锰氧化物(氢氧化物)的吸附作用;(4)在控矿要素的研究中,归纳出了地质与海洋两大类结壳(核)控矿要素;(5)根据结壳成分长周期变化趋势,结合铀系和10Be测年结果,将研究区结壳的形成过程划分为三个主要阶段(5.6~2.8 Ma,2.8~2.7 Ma和2.7 Ma以来),并确定了晚中新世以来研究区南极底流的活动情况、火山和大陆来源(风尘)物质输入量的变化。
New-type deepwater ferromanganese crusts, ferromanganese nodules developed on the surface of sediment and the underlying sediment under ferromanganese crusts from the East Philippine Sea were selected to be researched. From the analyses on the microstructure, mineral composition, elemental composition, study on these elements occurrence modes, U-series and 10Be isotope dating of the research object, combining the ore-forming background and ore-controlling factors, origin and paleoceanographic environments response of the crusts (nodules) were studied and recovered. This fills up the research blank of synthetic study on the new-type deepwater ferromanganese crusts accreted on the surface of benthic sediments, deepens the consideration on the distribution rule, origin, forming processes and paleoceanographic environments record of ferromanganese crusts (nodules), enriches the benthic metal ore-forming theory, provides a theoretical base and support for the exploration and exploitation of those crusts (nodules) and also offers new research carrier and data for the unclear structral evolution of the studied area since the Late Miocene at the same time.
Base on above studies, some conclusions were obtained as follows: (1) ore-forming background of the studied ferromanganese crusts (nodules) are mainly controlled by intensity of Antarctic Bottom Waters (AABW) and variations of material source; (2) it is confirmed that the ferromanganese crusts (nodules) are mainly hydrogenetic and their composition are affected by volcanic and continental material simultaneously; there are no obvious phosphatization reconstruction and element reaction occurred in them, so they have important paleoceanological significance; (3) from researches on element occurrence modes in the new-type ferromanganese crusts and the lying sediments, it is proposed that there is no great biological affection on the crusts formation and their composition mainly came from the adsorptive action of the ferromanganese oxides (hydroxides) in them; (4) two major types of ore-controlling factors are identified through compilation of ore-controlling factors, which are geological and oceanic factors; (5) considering the long-term variation trends of the crusts composition, combing the U-series and 10Be isotope dating results, it is proposed that the ore-forming processes of ferromanganese crusts in the studied areas can be divided into three major stages (5.6~2.8 Ma, 2.8~2.7 Ma and since 2.7 Ma), and then the activities of AABW since the Late Miocene, changes of input flux coming from volcanic and continental (dust) material are confirmed.
通过研究,得出如下结论:(1)研究区铁锰结壳(核)的成矿背景主要受控于南极底流强弱及物源供给的变化;(2)证实铁锰结壳(核)主要为水成成因,同时其物质组成也受一定程度的火山和陆源物质的影响;结壳(核)自形成以来没有遭受到明显的磷酸盐化等成岩后期改造和元素再迁移,具有重要的古海洋学意义;(3)通过新型铁锰结壳及下伏沉积物元素赋存状态的研究,认为生物作用对研究区结壳的形成并没有很大的直接影响,其物质成分主要来自于结壳中铁锰氧化物(氢氧化物)的吸附作用;(4)在控矿要素的研究中,归纳出了地质与海洋两大类结壳(核)控矿要素;(5)根据结壳成分长周期变化趋势,结合铀系和10Be测年结果,将研究区结壳的形成过程划分为三个主要阶段(5.6~2.8 Ma,2.8~2.7 Ma和2.7 Ma以来),并确定了晚中新世以来研究区南极底流的活动情况、火山和大陆来源(风尘)物质输入量的变化。
New-type deepwater ferromanganese crusts, ferromanganese nodules developed on the surface of sediment and the underlying sediment under ferromanganese crusts from the East Philippine Sea were selected to be researched. From the analyses on the microstructure, mineral composition, elemental composition, study on these elements occurrence modes, U-series and 10Be isotope dating of the research object, combining the ore-forming background and ore-controlling factors, origin and paleoceanographic environments response of the crusts (nodules) were studied and recovered. This fills up the research blank of synthetic study on the new-type deepwater ferromanganese crusts accreted on the surface of benthic sediments, deepens the consideration on the distribution rule, origin, forming processes and paleoceanographic environments record of ferromanganese crusts (nodules), enriches the benthic metal ore-forming theory, provides a theoretical base and support for the exploration and exploitation of those crusts (nodules) and also offers new research carrier and data for the unclear structral evolution of the studied area since the Late Miocene at the same time.
Base on above studies, some conclusions were obtained as follows: (1) ore-forming background of the studied ferromanganese crusts (nodules) are mainly controlled by intensity of Antarctic Bottom Waters (AABW) and variations of material source; (2) it is confirmed that the ferromanganese crusts (nodules) are mainly hydrogenetic and their composition are affected by volcanic and continental material simultaneously; there are no obvious phosphatization reconstruction and element reaction occurred in them, so they have important paleoceanological significance; (3) from researches on element occurrence modes in the new-type ferromanganese crusts and the lying sediments, it is proposed that there is no great biological affection on the crusts formation and their composition mainly came from the adsorptive action of the ferromanganese oxides (hydroxides) in them; (4) two major types of ore-controlling factors are identified through compilation of ore-controlling factors, which are geological and oceanic factors; (5) considering the long-term variation trends of the crusts composition, combing the U-series and 10Be isotope dating results, it is proposed that the ore-forming processes of ferromanganese crusts in the studied areas can be divided into three major stages (5.6~2.8 Ma, 2.8~2.7 Ma and since 2.7 Ma), and then the activities of AABW since the Late Miocene, changes of input flux coming from volcanic and continental (dust) material are confirmed.
引文
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