预应力混凝土桥梁疲劳力学行为试验研究及理论分析
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摘要
随着轴重频次的显著增加,提载后的既有线路上中小跨度预应力混凝土简支桥梁疲劳性能是重载铁路安全运营评估的关键问题。本文以目前铁路上32m跨度全预应力混凝土简支T梁为研究对象,依据相似理论加工制作一批缩尺模型梁,建立基于应变和振幅量测的疲劳试验实时测试系统,研究了预应力混凝土梁疲劳破坏形态以及振幅、刚度、非预应力筋和预应力筋应变、混凝土应变随重复荷载次数的变化规律。主要工作包括：
(1)通过12片1/6缩尺模型梁疲劳试验,对预应力混凝土梁疲劳破坏机理和破坏特征进行分析,揭示预应力混凝土梁疲劳损伤发展规律,提出预应力混凝土梁疲劳破坏状态的主要表征参数。
(2)通过10片1/6缩尺模型梁疲劳后静载承载力试验,对疲劳荷载后预应力混凝土梁的静载破坏特征进行分析,揭示预应力混凝土梁疲劳荷载后剩余静载承载力的演变规律。
(3)通过9片1/6缩尺模型梁腐蚀疲劳试验,对普通钢筋锈蚀后预应力混凝土梁疲劳破坏机理和破坏特征进行分析,揭示不同锈蚀率下预应力混凝土梁疲劳寿命变化规律。
(4)在混凝土和钢筋(预应力筋)单轴本构关系中引入损伤变量,建立了混凝土和钢筋(预应力筋)的等效疲劳损伤本构关系。通过拟合疲劳荷载作用下截面中性轴位置变化规律曲线,基于材料疲劳破坏准则,将传统单调静载作用下的分析方法引入到开裂后正截面疲劳应力的全过程分析中。
(5)在疲劳试验研究的基础上,分析了预应力混凝土梁疲劳变形和裂缝扩展规律,提出了“损伤梁单元模型”和“经验公式拟合”两种跨中挠度计算方法。此外,提出了一个用荷载循环次数比懈征裂缝扩展的增大系数,以此来考虑循环次数n和疲劳寿命Nf影响,进而描述疲劳裂缝发展的“三阶段”规律。
With the increase of axle load and axle load frequency, the fatigue performance of the medium and small span simple-surported prestressed concrete (PC) bridges on the existing line have been the key problem of evaluation of heavy-haul railway operation safety. In this paper, the32m-span prestressed concrete T-type girder on the usual railway was studied and a number of scale model beams were fabricated on the basis of the similarity theory. And a fatigue real-time testing system was built on the measurement of strain and vibration amplitude and the developments of failure patterns, and the beam vertical vibration amplitude, the stiffness and the strain variation of reinforcing bar and concrete with the cycle frequency of increasing fatigue were studied. The main research works include as follows:
(1) Based on the fatigue test of a total of121/6-scale PC model beams, the fatigue failure mechanism and characteristics were analyzed, the law of fatigue damage evolution of the beam was revealed and the primary parameter of fatigue damage characterization was brought forward.
(2) Based on the fatigue postcycle static bearing capacity test of a total of101/6-scale PC model beams, the fatigue postcycle static failure characteristics of PC beams were analyzed. And the variation law of evolution of the fatigue postcycle static bearing capacity of PC beams was revealed.
(3) Based on the corrosion fatigue test of a total of91/6-scale PC model beams, an analysis was made about the PC beam fatigue failure mechanism and characteristics with corroded steel bars and the variation law of fatigue life of the beam varied with the corrosion rate was put forward.
(4) The uniaxial constitutive of compression concrete and prestressing and nonprestressing steel bar was modified by introducing the damage variable to model the constitutive law of damaged materials based on the test study. And a fitting equation of the variation of neutral axis under fatigue repeated loading was obtained from the test data. On the fatigue failure criterion of materials, the traditional analytic method under static (monotonic) loading was introduced into full-range analysis of normal section stress of PC beam after cracking.
(5)Accordind to the fatigue experimental research, the mid-span deflection and crack propagation of PC beams with the cycle frequency of increasing fatigue were studied. Two computation methods, damage beam model and fitting formula, were present. At the same time, the intensification factor expression of maximum crack width of normal section was put forward, and it was characterized by the fatigue cycle ratio of n/Nf, considering the effect of fatigue cycle number (n) and fatigue life (Nf) and may describe the law of three stages of fatigue crack propagation.
(1)通过12片1/6缩尺模型梁疲劳试验,对预应力混凝土梁疲劳破坏机理和破坏特征进行分析,揭示预应力混凝土梁疲劳损伤发展规律,提出预应力混凝土梁疲劳破坏状态的主要表征参数。
(2)通过10片1/6缩尺模型梁疲劳后静载承载力试验,对疲劳荷载后预应力混凝土梁的静载破坏特征进行分析,揭示预应力混凝土梁疲劳荷载后剩余静载承载力的演变规律。
(3)通过9片1/6缩尺模型梁腐蚀疲劳试验,对普通钢筋锈蚀后预应力混凝土梁疲劳破坏机理和破坏特征进行分析,揭示不同锈蚀率下预应力混凝土梁疲劳寿命变化规律。
(4)在混凝土和钢筋(预应力筋)单轴本构关系中引入损伤变量,建立了混凝土和钢筋(预应力筋)的等效疲劳损伤本构关系。通过拟合疲劳荷载作用下截面中性轴位置变化规律曲线,基于材料疲劳破坏准则,将传统单调静载作用下的分析方法引入到开裂后正截面疲劳应力的全过程分析中。
(5)在疲劳试验研究的基础上,分析了预应力混凝土梁疲劳变形和裂缝扩展规律,提出了“损伤梁单元模型”和“经验公式拟合”两种跨中挠度计算方法。此外,提出了一个用荷载循环次数比懈征裂缝扩展的增大系数,以此来考虑循环次数n和疲劳寿命Nf影响,进而描述疲劳裂缝发展的“三阶段”规律。
With the increase of axle load and axle load frequency, the fatigue performance of the medium and small span simple-surported prestressed concrete (PC) bridges on the existing line have been the key problem of evaluation of heavy-haul railway operation safety. In this paper, the32m-span prestressed concrete T-type girder on the usual railway was studied and a number of scale model beams were fabricated on the basis of the similarity theory. And a fatigue real-time testing system was built on the measurement of strain and vibration amplitude and the developments of failure patterns, and the beam vertical vibration amplitude, the stiffness and the strain variation of reinforcing bar and concrete with the cycle frequency of increasing fatigue were studied. The main research works include as follows:
(1) Based on the fatigue test of a total of121/6-scale PC model beams, the fatigue failure mechanism and characteristics were analyzed, the law of fatigue damage evolution of the beam was revealed and the primary parameter of fatigue damage characterization was brought forward.
(2) Based on the fatigue postcycle static bearing capacity test of a total of101/6-scale PC model beams, the fatigue postcycle static failure characteristics of PC beams were analyzed. And the variation law of evolution of the fatigue postcycle static bearing capacity of PC beams was revealed.
(3) Based on the corrosion fatigue test of a total of91/6-scale PC model beams, an analysis was made about the PC beam fatigue failure mechanism and characteristics with corroded steel bars and the variation law of fatigue life of the beam varied with the corrosion rate was put forward.
(4) The uniaxial constitutive of compression concrete and prestressing and nonprestressing steel bar was modified by introducing the damage variable to model the constitutive law of damaged materials based on the test study. And a fitting equation of the variation of neutral axis under fatigue repeated loading was obtained from the test data. On the fatigue failure criterion of materials, the traditional analytic method under static (monotonic) loading was introduced into full-range analysis of normal section stress of PC beam after cracking.
(5)Accordind to the fatigue experimental research, the mid-span deflection and crack propagation of PC beams with the cycle frequency of increasing fatigue were studied. Two computation methods, damage beam model and fitting formula, were present. At the same time, the intensification factor expression of maximum crack width of normal section was put forward, and it was characterized by the fatigue cycle ratio of n/Nf, considering the effect of fatigue cycle number (n) and fatigue life (Nf) and may describe the law of three stages of fatigue crack propagation.
引文
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