浅埋煤层粘土隔水层的采动隔水性研究
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摘要
本文在对榆神府矿区地质资料分析研究的基础上,通过物理相似模拟实验、数值模拟实验和理论分析相结合的方法,以导师承担的国家自然科学基金项目“浅埋煤层地表隔水层的采动隔水性研究”等课题为依托,对浅埋煤层长壁开采上覆岩层粘土隔水层的采动隔水性等问题进行了深入研究,为保水开采提供了科学依据,研究结果对丰富浅埋煤层保水开采具有一定的理论意义,可为同类研究提供借鉴。
针对粘土隔水层的力学性质、水理性质,运用土力学的一般方法对其原状土样和重塑土样进行了实验分析,实验得出了离石黄土和三趾马红土的渗透性和膨胀性随着水头压力、饱和度及时间等因素的变化规律,为进一步研究其采动隔水性奠定了基础。以榆树湾井田为研究对象,通过物理相似模拟实验,验证了相似实验材料及配比选取的正确性,实验研究得出了浅埋煤层长壁开采条件下上覆粘土隔水层裂隙的分布和发育规律,确定了开切眼、工作面上方形成的“下行裂隙”是潜水流失的最主要通道,研究发现除了采动影响“下行裂隙”的发展外,粘土隔水层本身的膨胀性和遇水软化性是减缓“下行裂隙”发展以致弥合的主要因素。应用FLAC数值模拟软件,分析了粘土隔水层在不同的采动参数影响下的应力应变场,进一步验证了在不同的采动参数影响下“下行裂隙”的发育规律。
粘土隔水层的采动隔水性是能否实现保水开采的关键因素,实验研究得出,基岩破断运动是影响导水裂隙带“上行裂隙”发育的主要因素,粘土隔水层的水理性是影响隔水层上层面“下行裂隙”弥合的主要因素,“上行裂隙”和“下行裂隙”的关系决定着隔水层的隔水稳定性。基于粘土隔水层的水理性和影响裂隙发育的主要采动因素,得出了关于粘土隔水层采动隔水性的“裂隙弥合”模糊综合评价判据,为确定粘土隔水层的采动隔水性提供了理论依据。最后,从粘土隔水层的主要采动影响因素,定性的提出了一些保水开采的措施。
The Clay Aquiclude’s Mining-induced water resisting property of shallow seam has been studied in details through physical simulation experiment and numerical simulation experiment on base of the analysis and research on the geography of Yushenfu mining field. The research is staked by my supervisor & professor Huang Qingxiang’s item sponsored by natural science education fund of country (Study on the Character of Surface Aquiclude in Shallow Seam) and so on, which is significant in theory to protect environment, provide some scientific basis and reference for water conversation mining.
The permeability and expansion of original clay and recomposed clay has been researched by mechanic experiment. The Clay aquiclude’s changing regularity with head pressure, saturation and time is acquired, which provide basis for studying its Mining-induced water resisting property. On the geography of Yushuwan mining field, then through physical simulation experiment, the simulation materials are proved right. The relation of the cracks’height and mining areas, the distribution of cracks and fissure close features are acquired. The descending cracks which are on the top of open-off cut and working face are principal channel of the subwater infiltrating are confirmed. It found that except mining-induced influencing descending crack’development, the Clay aquiclude’expansion and water softening are principal factor which reduced descending crack development and closing. Applying numerical simulation program FLAC to simulate the progress of the mining in longwall mining and analyse overburden’stress-strain field with different mining-induced factor, the distribution of cracks and its stress-strain field are proved further.
The Clay aquiclude’s mining-induced water resisting property is the key factor whether realize water conversation mining. On the basis of research, bedrock movement is the principal factor which influence ascending crack’development; Clay aquiclude’water property is the principal factor which influence descending crack’close. The relationship of ascending crack and descending crack decide Clay aquicldue’s water resisting stability. On the basis of clay’s permeability and expansion, the Blurry and Synthetical Estimation of clay aquiclude’s fissure close is acquired, which promoted some theoretical support for the clay aquiclude’s mining-indeced property. At last, on the principal factor which affects Clay aquiclude’s mining-induced water resisting property, provided some measures of water conversation mining.
针对粘土隔水层的力学性质、水理性质,运用土力学的一般方法对其原状土样和重塑土样进行了实验分析,实验得出了离石黄土和三趾马红土的渗透性和膨胀性随着水头压力、饱和度及时间等因素的变化规律,为进一步研究其采动隔水性奠定了基础。以榆树湾井田为研究对象,通过物理相似模拟实验,验证了相似实验材料及配比选取的正确性,实验研究得出了浅埋煤层长壁开采条件下上覆粘土隔水层裂隙的分布和发育规律,确定了开切眼、工作面上方形成的“下行裂隙”是潜水流失的最主要通道,研究发现除了采动影响“下行裂隙”的发展外,粘土隔水层本身的膨胀性和遇水软化性是减缓“下行裂隙”发展以致弥合的主要因素。应用FLAC数值模拟软件,分析了粘土隔水层在不同的采动参数影响下的应力应变场,进一步验证了在不同的采动参数影响下“下行裂隙”的发育规律。
粘土隔水层的采动隔水性是能否实现保水开采的关键因素,实验研究得出,基岩破断运动是影响导水裂隙带“上行裂隙”发育的主要因素,粘土隔水层的水理性是影响隔水层上层面“下行裂隙”弥合的主要因素,“上行裂隙”和“下行裂隙”的关系决定着隔水层的隔水稳定性。基于粘土隔水层的水理性和影响裂隙发育的主要采动因素,得出了关于粘土隔水层采动隔水性的“裂隙弥合”模糊综合评价判据,为确定粘土隔水层的采动隔水性提供了理论依据。最后,从粘土隔水层的主要采动影响因素,定性的提出了一些保水开采的措施。
The Clay Aquiclude’s Mining-induced water resisting property of shallow seam has been studied in details through physical simulation experiment and numerical simulation experiment on base of the analysis and research on the geography of Yushenfu mining field. The research is staked by my supervisor & professor Huang Qingxiang’s item sponsored by natural science education fund of country (Study on the Character of Surface Aquiclude in Shallow Seam) and so on, which is significant in theory to protect environment, provide some scientific basis and reference for water conversation mining.
The permeability and expansion of original clay and recomposed clay has been researched by mechanic experiment. The Clay aquiclude’s changing regularity with head pressure, saturation and time is acquired, which provide basis for studying its Mining-induced water resisting property. On the geography of Yushuwan mining field, then through physical simulation experiment, the simulation materials are proved right. The relation of the cracks’height and mining areas, the distribution of cracks and fissure close features are acquired. The descending cracks which are on the top of open-off cut and working face are principal channel of the subwater infiltrating are confirmed. It found that except mining-induced influencing descending crack’development, the Clay aquiclude’expansion and water softening are principal factor which reduced descending crack development and closing. Applying numerical simulation program FLAC to simulate the progress of the mining in longwall mining and analyse overburden’stress-strain field with different mining-induced factor, the distribution of cracks and its stress-strain field are proved further.
The Clay aquiclude’s mining-induced water resisting property is the key factor whether realize water conversation mining. On the basis of research, bedrock movement is the principal factor which influence ascending crack’development; Clay aquiclude’water property is the principal factor which influence descending crack’close. The relationship of ascending crack and descending crack decide Clay aquicldue’s water resisting stability. On the basis of clay’s permeability and expansion, the Blurry and Synthetical Estimation of clay aquiclude’s fissure close is acquired, which promoted some theoretical support for the clay aquiclude’s mining-indeced property. At last, on the principal factor which affects Clay aquiclude’s mining-induced water resisting property, provided some measures of water conversation mining.
引文
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[5]黄庆享.浅埋煤层长壁开采顶板结构及岩层控制研究:中国矿业大学出版社,2000
[6]戴自希.20世纪矿产勘查的重大发现.国土资源情报,2005,3:30～34
[7] Kawamura,Yasushi.The recent trend on the coal gasification business in China. Nihon Enerugi Gakkaishi/Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy,2006,3
[8]范立民.榆神矿区资源赋存特征及保水采煤问题探讨.西部探矿工程,2003,1
[9]李文平.陕北榆神府矿区地质环境现状及采煤效应影响预测.工程地质学报,2000,3:324～333
[10]吴立新,侯恩科.西北五省(区)矿产资源开发与水资源保护对策.西安科技学院学报,2000,6
[11] HouZhongjie.Protection pillar stability numerical simulation in shallow seam covered with rock soil and sand.Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,7
[12]黄庆享.《浅埋煤层地表隔水层的采动隔水性研究》国家自然科学基金项目申报书,2005
[13] Qingxiang Huang.Experimental research of overburden movement and subsurface water seeping in shallow seam mining.Journal of University of Science and Technology Beiing,2007,12
[14]格维尔茨曼.水体下安全采煤:煤炭工业出版社,1980,7
[15] B.霍勃尔瓦依特等.浅部长壁法开采效果的地质技术评价.煤炭科研参考资料,1995,3
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[17] Yi Luo,Syd.S.Peng.Prediction of subsurface for longwall mining operations.Conference on Ground Control in Mining,2001,2
[18]刘天泉.厚松散含水层下近松散层的安全开采.煤炭科学技术,1986,2
[19]西安矿业学院矿压研究所.1203工作面矿压观测报告.陕西煤炭技术,1994,3
[20] Zhang jie.Study on three strap in water resources preservation in Yu-shu-wan shallow seam mining.Journal of Hunan University of Science and Technology,2006,12
[21]石平五,侯忠杰.浅埋煤层矿压显现与岩层控制的研究.煤炭科学基金资助项目(91西矿采058):西安矿业学院,1996,6
[22]黄庆享.浅埋采场初次来压顶板砂土层载荷传递研究.岩土力学,2005,6
[23]黄庆享.厚沙土层在顶板关键层上的载荷传递因子研究.岩土工程学报,2005,6
[24]钱鸣高,许家林,缪协兴.煤矿绿色开采技术.中国矿业大学学报,2003,4
[25] HouZhongjie,HuangQingxiang.Research on ground behavior in a shallow seam under hick loose strata.In Proceedings of 2nd International Symposium on Modern Coal Mining.FUxing,China,1993
[26]杨鹏,冯武林.神府东胜矿区浅埋煤层涌水溃沙灾害研究.煤炭科学技术,2002
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