麟游县泾河、渭河分水岭地区黄土滑坡稳定性研究
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摘要
黄土作为一种特殊土类型,广泛分布于黄河中下游地区,这些地区黄土地质灾害频繁发生,其中以甘肃、陕西最为严重。麟游县是陕西黄土地质灾害的多发地区,其中泾河、渭河分水岭地区的黄土滑坡地质灾害最为显著。本文以麟游县分水岭地区黄土滑坡为研究对象,围绕分水岭地区黄土滑坡失稳的控制因素及失稳机理展开研究。
首先,对麟游县分水岭地区黄土滑坡产生的地质环境背景及其发育分布特征进行了详细的分析,将分水岭地区黄土滑坡划分为:黄土-古土壤型滑坡、黄土-红粘土型滑坡、黄土-基岩型滑坡,并得出这三类滑坡地层岩性及分布规律。其次,对滑坡形成的内外因素进行了深入探讨,发现降雨是分水岭地区黄土滑坡形成的主要诱发因素。利用实地采集的大量土样,对上述三类滑带土物理力学性质进行了试验研究,得出滑坡滑带土抗剪强度参数与含水量的关系,并进一步揭示了麟游县分水岭地区滑坡形成机理。最后本文基于有限差分软件FLAC~(3D)中的Mohr-Coulomb模型,对麟游县分水岭西部黄土-基岩型滑坡的稳定性进行了数值分析,得出了滑坡在不同工况下的安全系数,并通过滑坡安全系数判断滑坡是否会复活。黄土-基岩型滑坡稳定性分析结果对生活在滑坡体上居民是否搬迁及搬迁选址选择有着重要的意义。
As a special type of soil, loess is widely distributed in the Yellow River areas, With its unique nature, the loess geological hazards frequently occur in these areas, in which Gansu and shaanxi are the most serious. We found that Jinghe River and Weihe River watershed is one of the most serious areas in Linyou, shaanxi. In this paper, loess landslide of watershed area is regarded as studied object, and around the loess landslide controlling factors of instability and the instability mechanism the paper does the study of the stability of Loess landslides.
First of all, based on the detailed analysis of the geological environment and the distribution of the researched objects, the loess landslides are divided into three types, such as: Loess-Paleosol Landslide, Loess-redbed landslide, Loess-bedrock landslide. Secondly, internal and external factors of landslide are explored thoroughly, and the conclusion is that rainfall is the main factor of loess landslide in watershed area. Thirdly, based on the physical and mechanical experiment of soil samples collected from field, the paper drives the relationship between shear strength parameters and moisture content of loess. Then, the paper studies the mechanism of the loess landslide. At last, based on the Mohr-Coulomb model in software FLAC3D, the paper does the Numerical analysis for Loess-bedrock landslides in western watershed area. Through the analysis of the safety factor in different conditions, we can conclude whether the Loess-bedrock landslides will recur. The result of stability analysis of the landslide has great significance for the residents who live on the Loess-bedrock landslides.
首先,对麟游县分水岭地区黄土滑坡产生的地质环境背景及其发育分布特征进行了详细的分析,将分水岭地区黄土滑坡划分为:黄土-古土壤型滑坡、黄土-红粘土型滑坡、黄土-基岩型滑坡,并得出这三类滑坡地层岩性及分布规律。其次,对滑坡形成的内外因素进行了深入探讨,发现降雨是分水岭地区黄土滑坡形成的主要诱发因素。利用实地采集的大量土样,对上述三类滑带土物理力学性质进行了试验研究,得出滑坡滑带土抗剪强度参数与含水量的关系,并进一步揭示了麟游县分水岭地区滑坡形成机理。最后本文基于有限差分软件FLAC~(3D)中的Mohr-Coulomb模型,对麟游县分水岭西部黄土-基岩型滑坡的稳定性进行了数值分析,得出了滑坡在不同工况下的安全系数,并通过滑坡安全系数判断滑坡是否会复活。黄土-基岩型滑坡稳定性分析结果对生活在滑坡体上居民是否搬迁及搬迁选址选择有着重要的意义。
As a special type of soil, loess is widely distributed in the Yellow River areas, With its unique nature, the loess geological hazards frequently occur in these areas, in which Gansu and shaanxi are the most serious. We found that Jinghe River and Weihe River watershed is one of the most serious areas in Linyou, shaanxi. In this paper, loess landslide of watershed area is regarded as studied object, and around the loess landslide controlling factors of instability and the instability mechanism the paper does the study of the stability of Loess landslides.
First of all, based on the detailed analysis of the geological environment and the distribution of the researched objects, the loess landslides are divided into three types, such as: Loess-Paleosol Landslide, Loess-redbed landslide, Loess-bedrock landslide. Secondly, internal and external factors of landslide are explored thoroughly, and the conclusion is that rainfall is the main factor of loess landslide in watershed area. Thirdly, based on the physical and mechanical experiment of soil samples collected from field, the paper drives the relationship between shear strength parameters and moisture content of loess. Then, the paper studies the mechanism of the loess landslide. At last, based on the Mohr-Coulomb model in software FLAC3D, the paper does the Numerical analysis for Loess-bedrock landslides in western watershed area. Through the analysis of the safety factor in different conditions, we can conclude whether the Loess-bedrock landslides will recur. The result of stability analysis of the landslide has great significance for the residents who live on the Loess-bedrock landslides.
引文
Terzaghi K.. Mechanism of landslides. In S. Paige(ed) Application of Geology to Engineering Practice, Geological Society of America, Berkey, 1950:83~123
Terzaghi K., Peck R.B. . Soil Mechanics In Engineering Practice. New York: John Willey & Sons(2nd ED), 1967
Haefeli R.. Creep and Progressive failure in snow, Soil, rock and ice. Proc. Sixth Intern. Conf. Soil Mech. Found. Eng., Montreal, 1965 (36):134~147
Mogenstern N.R.. The Influence of Groundwater on Stability. In stability in Open Pit Ming(Brawner C.O. and Milligan V. eds.), Society of Mining Engineers, American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers, New York, 1971:65~81
Hvorslev M.J.. Time Lag and Soil Permeability in Groundwater Observations. U.S. Army. Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Miss., Bulletin, 1951 (36):62~69
Skempton A.W.. Residual Strength of clays in landslide, folded strata, and the laboratory. Geotechnique, London, 1985, 35 (l):3~18
Ter-Stepanian G.. Creep of a clay during shear and its rheological model. Geotechnique, 1975, 25 (2):229~320
Hutchinson JN, Bhandari RK. Undrained loading, a fundamental mechanism of mud slide and other mass movements. Geotechnique, 1971, 21 (4):353~358
Griffith D V, Lane P A. Slope stability analysis by finite elements[J]. Geotechnique, 1999, 49(3):387~403
陈祖煜.土质边坡稳定分析原理方法程序.北京:中国水利电力出版社,2003
曲永新,张永双,陈情来.陕北晋西黄土崩塌灾害的初步研究--以西气东输工程为例.工程地质学报,2003,09(03):233~239
文宝萍,李媛,王兴林等.黄土地区典型滑坡预测预报及减灾对策研究.北京:地质出版社,2003
吴玮江.甘肃省东部滑坡发育规律.中国地质灾害与防治学报,1993,4(3):89~95
陕西省滑坡工作办公室.陕西省滑坡分布图说明书(l:750000).西安:西安地图出版社,1995
陕西省滑坡工作办公室.陕西省滑坡分布图、陕西省滑坡灾害预测图.西安:西安地图出版社,1995
中国科学院,水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所编制.中国滑坡灾害分布图.成都:成都地图出版社,1991
铁道部科学研究院西北分院.滑坡防治[M].北京:人民铁道出版社,1977
乔平定,李增均.黄土地区工程地质[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1990
王志荣,王念秦.黄土滑坡研究现状综述[J].中国水土保持SWCC,2004,(11):6-18
吴玮江,王念秦.黄土滑坡的基本类型与活动特征[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2002年
谷德振.谷德振文集[M].地震出版社,1994
孙广忠.西北黄土的工程地质力学特性及地质工程问题研究[M].兰州:兰州大学出版社,1989
孙广忠.孙广忠工程地质文选[M].兵器工业出版社,1997
刘东生.黄土与环境[M].北京:科学出版社,1985
刘祖典.黄土力学与工程[M].国家自然科学基金资助出版,1996
王景明.黄土构造节理的理论及其应用[M].中国水利水电出版社,1996
雷祥义.黄土显微结构类型与物理力学性质指标之间的关系[J].地质学报,1989,(2):182~190
高国瑞.中国黄土微结构[J].科学通报,1980,(2):945~948
高国瑞.黄土显微结构分类与湿陷性[J].中国科学,1980,(12):1203~1208
关文章.湿陷性黄土工程性能新篇[M].西安交通大学出版社,1990
黄文熙.土的工程性质[M].水利电力出版社,1981
谢定义.试论我国黄土力学研究中的若干新趋向[J].岩土工程学报2001,23(l):3~13
晏同珍等.滑坡发生机理.全国首届工程地质学术会议论文选集.北京:科学出版社1983,190~197
卢肇钧.土的破坏机理和土力学问题.全国首届工程地质学术会议论文选集.北京:科学出版社,1983,115~120
刘汉超,张悼元.龙羊峡附近超固结粘土大型滑坡的形成机制及高速远滑的原因.成都地质学院学报,1986,13(8):94~104
胡广韬.滑坡动力学[M].北京:地质出版社,1995
徐峻龄.中国的高速滑坡及其基本类型[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,1994,增刊:24~29
徐峻龄.高速远程滑坡研究现状综述[A] .滑坡文集(12)[C],北京:中国铁道出版社,1997
王思敬,王效宁.大型高速滑坡的能量分析及其灾害预测[A] .一九八七年全国滑坡学术讨论会滑坡论文选集[C].成都:四川科学技术出版社,1989
卢万年.用空气动力学分析坡体高速滑坡的滑行问题[J].西安地质学院学报,1991,13(4):77-85
王家鼎.高速黄土滑坡的一种机理-饱和黄土蠕动液化.地质论评,1992,38(6):532~538
王家鼎.地震诱发高速黄土滑坡的机理研究.岩土工程学报,1999,21(6):78~82
王家鼎.灌溉诱发高速黄土滑坡的运动机理研究工程地质学报,2001,9(3):241~246
王家鼎,白铭学等.强震作用下低角度黄土斜坡滑移的复合机理研究.岩土工程学报,2001(4):446~450
詹静等.我国西北地区第三纪至老第四纪湖相地层中突发性高速滑坡发育特征及形成机制.甘肃省滑坡泥石流研究会编,兰州滑坡学术讨论会论文摘要. 1985:10~11
胡海涛,项式均,王肇芬等.关中西部滑坡的桔构、构造特征及稳定性分析.地质学报,1965,45(4):435~465
胡广韬.宝鸡-常兴一带黄土源边滑坡原因与因素的历史转化性.西安地质学院学报,1986,8(4):23~27
刘传正,张明霞.宝鸡市狄家坡滑坡稳定性研究明.工程地质学报,1998,6(2):103~113
钟立勋.崩滑灾害形成的相似性[A].全国减轻自然灾害研讨会论文集[C].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1998
雷祥义.陕西径阳南源黄土滑坡灾害与引水灌溉的关系[J].工程地质学报,1993,56~64
范立民,岳明等.泾河南岸崩岸型滑坡的发育规律[J].中国煤田地质,2004,16(5):33~35
吴玮江,王首颖.洒勒山滑坡机制[C] .滑坡论文选集编辑委员会编:滑坡论文选集.成都:四川科学技术出版社,1989:184~18
Terzaghi K., Peck R.B. . Soil Mechanics In Engineering Practice. New York: John Willey & Sons(2nd ED), 1967
Haefeli R.. Creep and Progressive failure in snow, Soil, rock and ice. Proc. Sixth Intern. Conf. Soil Mech. Found. Eng., Montreal, 1965 (36):134~147
Mogenstern N.R.. The Influence of Groundwater on Stability. In stability in Open Pit Ming(Brawner C.O. and Milligan V. eds.), Society of Mining Engineers, American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers, New York, 1971:65~81
Hvorslev M.J.. Time Lag and Soil Permeability in Groundwater Observations. U.S. Army. Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Miss., Bulletin, 1951 (36):62~69
Skempton A.W.. Residual Strength of clays in landslide, folded strata, and the laboratory. Geotechnique, London, 1985, 35 (l):3~18
Ter-Stepanian G.. Creep of a clay during shear and its rheological model. Geotechnique, 1975, 25 (2):229~320
Hutchinson JN, Bhandari RK. Undrained loading, a fundamental mechanism of mud slide and other mass movements. Geotechnique, 1971, 21 (4):353~358
Griffith D V, Lane P A. Slope stability analysis by finite elements[J]. Geotechnique, 1999, 49(3):387~403
陈祖煜.土质边坡稳定分析原理方法程序.北京:中国水利电力出版社,2003
曲永新,张永双,陈情来.陕北晋西黄土崩塌灾害的初步研究--以西气东输工程为例.工程地质学报,2003,09(03):233~239
文宝萍,李媛,王兴林等.黄土地区典型滑坡预测预报及减灾对策研究.北京:地质出版社,2003
吴玮江.甘肃省东部滑坡发育规律.中国地质灾害与防治学报,1993,4(3):89~95
陕西省滑坡工作办公室.陕西省滑坡分布图说明书(l:750000).西安:西安地图出版社,1995
陕西省滑坡工作办公室.陕西省滑坡分布图、陕西省滑坡灾害预测图.西安:西安地图出版社,1995
中国科学院,水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所编制.中国滑坡灾害分布图.成都:成都地图出版社,1991
铁道部科学研究院西北分院.滑坡防治[M].北京:人民铁道出版社,1977
乔平定,李增均.黄土地区工程地质[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1990
王志荣,王念秦.黄土滑坡研究现状综述[J].中国水土保持SWCC,2004,(11):6-18
吴玮江,王念秦.黄土滑坡的基本类型与活动特征[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2002年
谷德振.谷德振文集[M].地震出版社,1994
孙广忠.西北黄土的工程地质力学特性及地质工程问题研究[M].兰州:兰州大学出版社,1989
孙广忠.孙广忠工程地质文选[M].兵器工业出版社,1997
刘东生.黄土与环境[M].北京:科学出版社,1985
刘祖典.黄土力学与工程[M].国家自然科学基金资助出版,1996
王景明.黄土构造节理的理论及其应用[M].中国水利水电出版社,1996
雷祥义.黄土显微结构类型与物理力学性质指标之间的关系[J].地质学报,1989,(2):182~190
高国瑞.中国黄土微结构[J].科学通报,1980,(2):945~948
高国瑞.黄土显微结构分类与湿陷性[J].中国科学,1980,(12):1203~1208
关文章.湿陷性黄土工程性能新篇[M].西安交通大学出版社,1990
黄文熙.土的工程性质[M].水利电力出版社,1981
谢定义.试论我国黄土力学研究中的若干新趋向[J].岩土工程学报2001,23(l):3~13
晏同珍等.滑坡发生机理.全国首届工程地质学术会议论文选集.北京:科学出版社1983,190~197
卢肇钧.土的破坏机理和土力学问题.全国首届工程地质学术会议论文选集.北京:科学出版社,1983,115~120
刘汉超,张悼元.龙羊峡附近超固结粘土大型滑坡的形成机制及高速远滑的原因.成都地质学院学报,1986,13(8):94~104
胡广韬.滑坡动力学[M].北京:地质出版社,1995
徐峻龄.中国的高速滑坡及其基本类型[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,1994,增刊:24~29
徐峻龄.高速远程滑坡研究现状综述[A] .滑坡文集(12)[C],北京:中国铁道出版社,1997
王思敬,王效宁.大型高速滑坡的能量分析及其灾害预测[A] .一九八七年全国滑坡学术讨论会滑坡论文选集[C].成都:四川科学技术出版社,1989
卢万年.用空气动力学分析坡体高速滑坡的滑行问题[J].西安地质学院学报,1991,13(4):77-85
王家鼎.高速黄土滑坡的一种机理-饱和黄土蠕动液化.地质论评,1992,38(6):532~538
王家鼎.地震诱发高速黄土滑坡的机理研究.岩土工程学报,1999,21(6):78~82
王家鼎.灌溉诱发高速黄土滑坡的运动机理研究工程地质学报,2001,9(3):241~246
王家鼎,白铭学等.强震作用下低角度黄土斜坡滑移的复合机理研究.岩土工程学报,2001(4):446~450
詹静等.我国西北地区第三纪至老第四纪湖相地层中突发性高速滑坡发育特征及形成机制.甘肃省滑坡泥石流研究会编,兰州滑坡学术讨论会论文摘要. 1985:10~11
胡海涛,项式均,王肇芬等.关中西部滑坡的桔构、构造特征及稳定性分析.地质学报,1965,45(4):435~465
胡广韬.宝鸡-常兴一带黄土源边滑坡原因与因素的历史转化性.西安地质学院学报,1986,8(4):23~27
刘传正,张明霞.宝鸡市狄家坡滑坡稳定性研究明.工程地质学报,1998,6(2):103~113
钟立勋.崩滑灾害形成的相似性[A].全国减轻自然灾害研讨会论文集[C].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1998
雷祥义.陕西径阳南源黄土滑坡灾害与引水灌溉的关系[J].工程地质学报,1993,56~64
范立民,岳明等.泾河南岸崩岸型滑坡的发育规律[J].中国煤田地质,2004,16(5):33~35
吴玮江,王首颖.洒勒山滑坡机制[C] .滑坡论文选集编辑委员会编:滑坡论文选集.成都:四川科学技术出版社,1989:184~18