深埋复合型软岩大断面硐室导硐法施工及支护技术研究
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摘要
对于深埋复合型软岩大断面硐室导硐法施工技术,目前还缺少成熟的理论和技术。本文在前人研究的基础上,以属于深厚表土基岩风化带内大断面硐室的焦煤集团赵固一矿矿井井底车场主要巷道硐室为研究背景,在对软岩力学性质及工程特性认识基础上,从深部高应力软岩巷道稳定性控制原则入手,归纳出巷道围岩变形的主要特点和影响因素;根据软岩巷道围岩区域划分及其特点,对软岩巷道围岩与支护结构的作用机理做出了分析,并提出了相应的软岩变形支护对策,研究了软岩巷道支护原理与最佳支护时间;对导硐法施工及机理进行了研究,对导硐法的实质和卸压、让压机理进行了研究。在此基础上,详细分析了导硐施工法的三种施工方法顶部导硐施工法,两侧导硐施工法,中央下导硐施工法;通过大型有限元软件FLAC~(3D)对硐室各施工过程进行了模拟,通过对顶部导硐施工法、两侧导硐施工法两种常用的导硐方式的施工过程的模拟,比较其导硐后的塑性区、硐室周边位移和最大最小主应力,得到合理的导硐尺寸。通过对二次刷扩施工过程的模拟,得到了合理的永久支护结构形式。验证了导硐法能有效释放应力、改善围岩承载能力,以及二次刷扩和支护结构的合理性。通过本课题的研究,在模型相似设计方面将提供一些有益的借鉴。
For the pilot tunnel drift method technology in deeply buried large cross section chambers of composite soft rock is still a lack of maturity of the theory and technology. In this paper, on the basis of previous studies, it used the chambers of which belong to the thick overburden bedrock weathering zone large section: "Jiaomei group, Zhaogu the main tunnel chambers of No.1 mine shaft station" as the background of study. On the basis of understanding the mechanical properties and engineering characteristics of soft rock, from the stability control principle of deep high stress soft rock tunnel to start, summarized the main characteristics and influencing factors of the tunnel surrounding rock deformation; in accordance with the soft rock tunnel surrounding rock zone and its characteristics and engineering deformation mechanical mechanism of soft rock, it analyzed the mechanism of the soft rock tunnel surrounding rock with support structure, it proposed the corresponding soft rock deformation support measures; then it researched the pilot tunnel method construction and mechanism of the chambers and studied the essence, stress-relief mechanism and yielding mechanism. Then base on the study, it analyzed three pilot tunnel methods: the top half pilot tunnel method, the two sidepieces pilot drift tunnel method, the below centre pilot drift tunnel method; through large finite element software Flac3D stimulated the construction process of chambers, through the simulation to the top half pilot tunnel drift method, the two sidepieces pilot tunnel drift method, it compared the surrounding rock plastic zone, the displacement of the key points surrounding the tunnel, and the maximum principle stress and minimum principle stress, it got the reasonable size of the pilot tunnel. Through the simulation of the second brush expansion, formed a permanent support structure, it verified the pilot tunnel method can effectively guide the release of stress and improved the bearing capacity of surrounding rock, and the rationality of the second brushing expansion and support structure. Through the study of the subject, it will provide to the similar design of the model some useful lessons.
For the pilot tunnel drift method technology in deeply buried large cross section chambers of composite soft rock is still a lack of maturity of the theory and technology. In this paper, on the basis of previous studies, it used the chambers of which belong to the thick overburden bedrock weathering zone large section: "Jiaomei group, Zhaogu the main tunnel chambers of No.1 mine shaft station" as the background of study. On the basis of understanding the mechanical properties and engineering characteristics of soft rock, from the stability control principle of deep high stress soft rock tunnel to start, summarized the main characteristics and influencing factors of the tunnel surrounding rock deformation; in accordance with the soft rock tunnel surrounding rock zone and its characteristics and engineering deformation mechanical mechanism of soft rock, it analyzed the mechanism of the soft rock tunnel surrounding rock with support structure, it proposed the corresponding soft rock deformation support measures; then it researched the pilot tunnel method construction and mechanism of the chambers and studied the essence, stress-relief mechanism and yielding mechanism. Then base on the study, it analyzed three pilot tunnel methods: the top half pilot tunnel method, the two sidepieces pilot drift tunnel method, the below centre pilot drift tunnel method; through large finite element software Flac3D stimulated the construction process of chambers, through the simulation to the top half pilot tunnel drift method, the two sidepieces pilot tunnel drift method, it compared the surrounding rock plastic zone, the displacement of the key points surrounding the tunnel, and the maximum principle stress and minimum principle stress, it got the reasonable size of the pilot tunnel. Through the simulation of the second brush expansion, formed a permanent support structure, it verified the pilot tunnel method can effectively guide the release of stress and improved the bearing capacity of surrounding rock, and the rationality of the second brushing expansion and support structure. Through the study of the subject, it will provide to the similar design of the model some useful lessons.
引文
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44.刘长武.软岩巷道锚注加固原理与应用[M],江苏:中国矿业大学出版社,2000.88-94
45.何满潮.软岩巷道变形力学机制的探讨[J],软岩工程,1992,(1):46-51
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50.韦玉沛,甄再学,张久如等.软岩大断面硐室联合支护技术[J],矿山压力与顶板管理,1999,(Z1):179-181
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2.夏雷.导硐台阶联合法在大断面硐室施工中应用探讨[J],江苏煤炭,2004,17(2):6-7
3.贾安立.大断面软岩硐室施工联合支护[J],矿山压力与顶板管理,2001,(3):29-33
4.何满潮,邹正盛,邹有峰.软岩巷道工程概论[M],江苏:中国矿业大学出版社,1993,45-49
5.桂慧中.地下硐室围岩稳定及锚固分析[D],武汉:武汉大学,2005
6.B.M.莫斯特科夫.大断面地下建筑物[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1980,15-23
7.伍汉皓.新奥法开挖隧洞在大广坝工程中的应用[J],人民珠江,1996,(5):28-34
8.文俊杰,俞猛等.大朝山水电站地下厂房洞室群立体开挖施工[J],水利发电,2001,(12):41-44
9.高忠诚.二滩水电站地下厂房洞室的施工特点[J],水利发电,1998,(4):13-18
10.叶冀升,魏炳漳.广州抽水蓄能电站一期工程设计施工设计施工中的若干教训[J],水利发电,1995,(8):55-57
11.迟振波.十三陵电站大跨度地下厂房施工[J],中国三峡建设,1996,(2):23-26
12.杜亚玲.太平驿水电站地下厂房的快速施工[J],水利发电,1995,(12):37-41
13.L.C.Lang,W.Comeau,M.Sampara.New Underground Drilling Blasting and The Mining Methods at the Manic-5 Additional-Power Hydro-Electric project[J],Prceedings of The Conference on Explosives and Blasting Technique,1981,113-131
14.Tezuka Masanobu,Seoka Tadahiko.The Latest Technology of Underground Rock Cavern Excavation in Japan[J],Tunneling and Underground Space Technology,2001,16(2):63-75
15.蒋键,周宇,孙文.大型洞室群开挖爆破技术[J],工程爆破,2003,9(1):38-42
16.于景辰.地下厂房开挖的若干问题[J],东北水利水电,1995,(10):15-17
17.John A.Hudson.Engineering Rock Mechanics[M],Redwood Books Press,1997,48-52
18.何满潮,黄福昌,闫吉太.世纪之交软岩工程技术现状与展望[C],北京:中国CSBM 软岩工程专业委员会第二届学术大会论文集,1999,1-9
19.M.D.G.沙拉蒙著,地下工程的岩石力学第三届国际岩石力学会议报告[M],北京:冶金工业出版社,1982,10-17
20.陆家梁.软岩巷道支护技术[M],吉林:吉林科学技术出版社,19-95,53-59
21.范广勤.岩土工程流变力学[M],北京:煤炭工业出版社,1992,63-70
22.于学馥等.地下工程围岩稳定分析[M],北京:煤炭工业出版社,1983,47-53
23.朱维申等.复杂条件下围岩稳定性与岩体动态施工力学[M],北京:科学出版社,1996,58-66
24.李通林.矿山岩石力学[M],重庆:重庆大学出版社,1991,69-76
25.朱浮声.软岩巷道围岩流变与支护相互作用[J],矿山压力与顶板管理,1996,(1):66-69
26.任德惠.井工开采矿山压力与控制[M],重庆:重庆大学出版社,1990,57-64
27.钱鸣高等.矿山压力及其控制[M],北京:煤炭工业出版社,1983,77-80
28.陈子荫.围岩力学分析中的解析方法[M],北京:煤炭工业出版社,1994,84-90
29.C.C.维亚洛夫著.土力学流变原理[M],北京:科学出版社,1987,100-110
30.李青麒.软岩蠕变参数的曲线拟合计算方法[J],岩石力学与工程学报,1998,17(5):201-205
31.王彩根等.软岩巷道合理支护强度的研究[J],岩石力学与工程学报,1998,17(1):241-246
32.江体乾.流变学进展-第三届全国流变学学术会议论文集[C],湖北:华东化工学院出版社,1990,36-42
33.李志业,曾艳华.地下结构设计原理与方法[M],四川:西南交通大学出版社,2003,66-71
34.汪胡祯.地下洞室的结构计算[M],北京:电力工业出版社,1982,120-129
35.李华哗.地下洞室围岩稳定性分析[M],北京:中国水利水电出版社,1999,111-123
36.徐干成.地下工程支护结构[M],北京:中国水利水电出版社,2002,72-84
37.J.C.Cripps&C.F.Moon.The Engineering Geology of the Weak Rock[M],Leeds University Press,1990,210-222
38.何满潮主编.中国煤矿软岩巷道文护理论与实践[M],江苏:中国矿业大学出版社,1996,124-132
39.何满潮,县玉书.软岩的概念及其分类[C],中国CSBM软岩工程专业委员会第二届学术大会论文集,1999,37-47
40.赵长海,周小兵,贺建国等.极软岩隧洞的设计与施工[J],岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(增1):3 034-3 039
41.郭志飚,胡永光,任爱武等.深部膨胀性软岩巷道修复技术研究[J],采矿与安全工程学报,2006,23(3):316-319
42.万援朝.二次支护原理在深井软岩硐室支护中的实践[J],煤炭科学技术,2006,34(9):5-7
43.柴肇云,康天合,李义宝.物化型软岩微结构单元特征及其胀缩性研究[J],岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(6):1 265-1 269
44.刘长武.软岩巷道锚注加固原理与应用[M],江苏:中国矿业大学出版社,2000.88-94
45.何满潮.软岩巷道变形力学机制的探讨[J],软岩工程,1992,(1):46-51
46.靖洪文,宋宏伟,郭志宏.软岩巷道围岩松动圈变形机理及控制技术研究[J],中国矿业大学学报,1999,28(6):560-563
47.何满潮.煤矿软岩变形力学机制与支护对策[J],水文地质工程地质,1997,2(2):12-16
48.何满潮.煤矿软岩变形力学机制与支护对策[J],光爆锚喷,1997,(1):70-74
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