混凝土长期性能指标现场快速无损检测方法的研究
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摘要
目前，经过几十年的建设，我国已经成为名副其实的桥梁大国，其中混凝土桥梁占有非常大的比例。根据统计，按照常用材料、正常设计和施工技术工艺水平来控制，混凝土桥梁在运营20一30年后，将会有20%一30%出现长期性能不足的问题。若长期性能不足，必然会导致桥梁结构使用寿命下降，养护费用大幅度增加，甚至质量的好坏将直接关系到结构的安全。传统的检测结构混凝土质量的方法，大多以实体取样或制作标准尺寸的试件为基础，钻芯取样会给结构造成损伤，而制作的标准试件，由于制作条件、养护环境、受力状态等其都与结构混凝土不同，那么由试件试验所测到混凝土的性能指标，往往与实际结构物混凝土有差别，因此，混凝土现场检测技术已成为混凝土工程质量管理的重要手段。本文在现有的研究基础上，为能更准确的对混凝土长期性能进行评定，对混凝土长期性指标中强度、弹性模量、渗透性的测试技术展开了进一步的研究，主要内容和成果如下:
(1)通过试验不断改进后装拔出法来检测混凝土强度的技术，最终采用钢质锚固件的为锚固件的胶粘拔出法测试混凝土强度效果较理想，并可方便的用于对现场混凝土进行测试。
(2)通过将超声法与胶粘拔出法综合起来，效果比采用单一的方法能更加全面、准确地对混凝土的工作性能进行评定，并得到了测强曲线。
(3)通过对骨料粒径为smm一25mm及smm一30mm的碎石、卵石混凝土进行超声无损测试，发现骨料声速对声速测试结果有很大影响，不可以由超声声速建立“统一”的声速与强度或弹性模量的关系。
(4)由超声声速换算得到相应试件的动态弹性模量的方法便捷、可行，通过与静态弹性模量进行对比，建立了“同一参数条件下”动一静态弹性模量相互关系。
(5)结合影响混凝土渗透性的因素，对目前国内外已有的传统渗透性测试技术，以及一些技术先进有代表性的测试技术进行介绍，总结、并分析各自的特点与不足，为该方向的研究提供参考。
At Present，hundreds and thousands bridges has been widely built in china of afterconstruction of several decades years，in which concrete bridge have a largeProPortion.According to statistics，concrete bridges were constructed under commonmaterials、design and construction techniques at the normal level of control.it 15aPPeared that about twenty to thirty Percent of concrete bridge behaviour shortageof long一term Performance after about two or three decades oPeration.
This might cause the decline in service life and great increase in cost ofmaintenance.Even if the quality of good or Poor would be directly related to thestructural safety，if concrete bridge deficiency of long一term behavior.The traditionalmethod of testing the quality of structural concrete was mostly based on entitysamPling or standard size sPecimens.Drilling core samPles may cause damages tostructures，moreover，Pouring the standard sPrcimens are different from the structureconcrete due to the conditions of Pouring and curing、force status.It 15 alwaysdifferent between the Performance of concrete obtained from the sPecimen testing andthe actual structural concrete.Therefore，the concrete on一site insPection technologyfor concrete has become an imPortant means of quality control for concreteconstruction .Based on the existing research Products，This PaPer carries out furtherresearch on measuring and testing technique of concrete strength，elastic modulus andPermeability of concrete in long一term behavior.In order to assess more accuratelylong一term behavior of concrete，the main contents and conclusions are summarizes as:
1 . In order to imProve the technology of insPection of concrete strength by thePull一out of Post一insert testing method constantly，the method for adhesive Pull out testthe strength of concrete by steel anchors can result in rational results，and can beaeffective way for on一site testing for concrete conveniently.
2 .It 15 found that the method combining ultrasonic extraction with adhesivePull一out better than a single means，and can be more comPrehensively and accuratelyevaluate the Performance of concrete，and get the strength curve.
3 .Non一destructive ultrasonic technique was used to test the concrete consisted ofmacadam and Pebble with aggregate size of smm一25mm and smm一3Omm.It 15obtained that the sonic sPeed of aggregate have a great effect on test results，however， can，t establish a uniform relationshiP between sonic sPeed and strength、young，smodulus of concrete.
4 .The method for transforming the sPeed of ultrasonic to dynamic elasticmodulus for a corresPonded sPecimen 15 convenient and feasible to establisharelationshiP between dynamic and static elastic modulus by contrast at the sameParameter.
5 .Combinng some influencing factors about concrete Permeability，the traditionalPermeability testing techonology，including some rePresentative advanced technologywere introduced and summarizede.The features and defects of them were analyzed.This Provides the reference direction for Pursuer.
(1)通过试验不断改进后装拔出法来检测混凝土强度的技术，最终采用钢质锚固件的为锚固件的胶粘拔出法测试混凝土强度效果较理想，并可方便的用于对现场混凝土进行测试。
(2)通过将超声法与胶粘拔出法综合起来，效果比采用单一的方法能更加全面、准确地对混凝土的工作性能进行评定，并得到了测强曲线。
(3)通过对骨料粒径为smm一25mm及smm一30mm的碎石、卵石混凝土进行超声无损测试，发现骨料声速对声速测试结果有很大影响，不可以由超声声速建立“统一”的声速与强度或弹性模量的关系。
(4)由超声声速换算得到相应试件的动态弹性模量的方法便捷、可行，通过与静态弹性模量进行对比，建立了“同一参数条件下”动一静态弹性模量相互关系。
(5)结合影响混凝土渗透性的因素，对目前国内外已有的传统渗透性测试技术，以及一些技术先进有代表性的测试技术进行介绍，总结、并分析各自的特点与不足，为该方向的研究提供参考。
At Present，hundreds and thousands bridges has been widely built in china of afterconstruction of several decades years，in which concrete bridge have a largeProPortion.According to statistics，concrete bridges were constructed under commonmaterials、design and construction techniques at the normal level of control.it 15aPPeared that about twenty to thirty Percent of concrete bridge behaviour shortageof long一term Performance after about two or three decades oPeration.
This might cause the decline in service life and great increase in cost ofmaintenance.Even if the quality of good or Poor would be directly related to thestructural safety，if concrete bridge deficiency of long一term behavior.The traditionalmethod of testing the quality of structural concrete was mostly based on entitysamPling or standard size sPecimens.Drilling core samPles may cause damages tostructures，moreover，Pouring the standard sPrcimens are different from the structureconcrete due to the conditions of Pouring and curing、force status.It 15 alwaysdifferent between the Performance of concrete obtained from the sPecimen testing andthe actual structural concrete.Therefore，the concrete on一site insPection technologyfor concrete has become an imPortant means of quality control for concreteconstruction .Based on the existing research Products，This PaPer carries out furtherresearch on measuring and testing technique of concrete strength，elastic modulus andPermeability of concrete in long一term behavior.In order to assess more accuratelylong一term behavior of concrete，the main contents and conclusions are summarizes as:
1 . In order to imProve the technology of insPection of concrete strength by thePull一out of Post一insert testing method constantly，the method for adhesive Pull out testthe strength of concrete by steel anchors can result in rational results，and can beaeffective way for on一site testing for concrete conveniently.
2 .It 15 found that the method combining ultrasonic extraction with adhesivePull一out better than a single means，and can be more comPrehensively and accuratelyevaluate the Performance of concrete，and get the strength curve.
3 .Non一destructive ultrasonic technique was used to test the concrete consisted ofmacadam and Pebble with aggregate size of smm一25mm and smm一3Omm.It 15obtained that the sonic sPeed of aggregate have a great effect on test results，however， can，t establish a uniform relationshiP between sonic sPeed and strength、young，smodulus of concrete.
4 .The method for transforming the sPeed of ultrasonic to dynamic elasticmodulus for a corresPonded sPecimen 15 convenient and feasible to establisharelationshiP between dynamic and static elastic modulus by contrast at the sameParameter.
5 .Combinng some influencing factors about concrete Permeability，the traditionalPermeability testing techonology，including some rePresentative advanced technologywere introduced and summarizede.The features and defects of them were analyzed.This Provides the reference direction for Pursuer.
引文
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[14]缪群，李为杜.硅灰高强混凝土超声测强及影响因素研究【月.无损检测，第21卷第8期，1999
[15]郝恩海，刘杰，王忠海，顾晓鲁.混凝土超声波声速与强度和弹性模量的关系研究[J].天津大学学报，第35卷第3期，2002(5)
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