当代澳大利亚土著文学中的身份重塑
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摘要
身份问题一直是后殖民世界解殖过程中一个广受关注的问题。在被殖民过程中,澳大利亚土著人的身份被歪曲和污名化。在当今多元主义政策背景下,重塑身份成为当代澳大利亚土著人最紧迫、最重要的任务之一。
基于后殖民主义重要文论家霍米·巴巴的“杂糅”理论和比尔·阿什克罗夫特等人提出的“帝国回写”等创作技巧,本论文专题讨论了当代土著作家三部重要文本中体现的宗教身份、女性身份和政治身份重塑问题。关于土著人宗教身份重塑,本文从马德鲁鲁的被公认的第一部土著人小说《野猫掉下来了》为入口,讨论其体现的宗教身份是对于土著“梦幻”哲学,欧洲存在主义哲学和东方佛教哲学的“杂糅”。在此过程中,土著人已经无法通过被殖民前的纯粹的、纯真的、单一的“梦幻”哲学来重塑宗教身份。在多元文化背景下,土著作家们借助“杂糅”理论,以“梦幻”哲学为基础,积极吸收东方佛教哲学和欧洲存在主义哲学,以期达到目标。三者的共同之处是宗教“杂糅”的基础。“梦幻”哲学所包含的循环时空观和万物有灵论与佛教哲学的轮回思想相似,它反映现实的虚无感与欧洲存在主义的荒诞论一脉相承,它们都共同反映了现实世界的虚无和无奈的悲观主义思想。小说中主人公土著青年“野猫”从被释放到回归监狱,从少年阿飞到少年犯,从囚犯到大学艺术评论家,从抢劫犯到顿悟的“野猫”发展过程契合了土著人“梦幻”哲学的循环时空观和佛教的“轮回”观以及存在主义的荒谬存在论。自二十世纪七十年代以降,澳大利亚文坛刮起了一阵强劲的土著女性作家的“生命书写”的风潮。她们以白人的传记和自传等文学体裁为基础,加之“梦幻”神话,侦探小说等形式以“杂糅”的艺术形式再现她们久被压抑的边缘话语。作家们以“寻根”为主线,与母亲及外祖母等人一起回归祖先部落,探访亲友,恢复历史记忆,真实再现“被偷走的孩子”和对土著妇女的性剥削等历史问题。以反记忆为基础的反话语有力回击了白人的霸权话语。这也是“帝国回写”的经典范例。它不仅解构了白人传记的叙事策略和叙事传统,颠覆了殖民地官方历史及霸权话语,而且在凸现澳大利亚文学的后殖民性,重塑土著女性身份方面起到了积极作用。结合土著女作家萨丽·摩根的《我的位置》,本文探讨了利用文类“杂糅”,“挪用”白人话语形式,土著女性作家们重述历史,建构土著女性身份。小说利用双关的标题既要在土著社会找到“我的位置”,体现寻根之旅,又要在白人社会找到“我的位置”,体现反抗霸权话语策略。作品利用母亲和外祖母在返归部落之后的回忆,揭示了白人历史上那段黑色一页。这种反话语策略可以从内部颠覆白人主流话语的欺骗性和蒙蔽性。
进入新世纪以后,土著作家们熟练运用白人的各种文学形式,尤其是魔幻现实主义等手法创作了一批充满政治色彩的作品。这一时期的政治斗争以索还土地权为核心,从话语斗争转向法律和政治斗争。在“马博”判决和“威克岛”判决的胜利鼓舞下,土著人在索还土地权等问题上展开了不屈不挠的斗争。
阿莱克西斯·赖特的《卡奔塔利亚湾》正是这方面优秀代表作品之一。该部作品以“想象奇特,文体瑰丽”而获得2007年“迈尔斯·富兰克林奖”等近十项澳大利亚文学奖项。土著人与土地的亲缘关系和白人与土地的占有关系不同,他们认为祖先神灵栖息在动植物体内,山川河流,峡谷丛林等处,不容白人定居者采矿和畜牧等活动践踏他们神圣的,原始的土地。小说结合土著“梦幻”神话传说与白人魔幻现实主义手法,通过创世“虹蛇”的帮助,利用自然力(旋风、暴雨、洪水和山火)使白人矿山和小镇Desperance毁灭和重生。作品结尾在海上形成的垃圾荒岛象征性地预示土著人的土地权斗争的胜利。白人小镇在天启式的旋风和洪水毁灭后,只有主人公Will Phantom和父亲及儿子三代人在“伊甸园式”的荒岛上幸福生活着。
本论文共分五个部分:绪论部分包括文献综述和理论框架,简述了国内外关于澳大利亚土著文学及身份建构等问题的研究成果。第一章探讨马德鲁鲁的代表作《野猫掉下来了》中体现的宗教身份。第二章探讨萨丽·摩根的《我的位置》中的女性身份。第三章分析阿莱克西斯·赖特的《卡奔塔利亚湾》中的政治身份。结论部分总结了宗教身份、女性身份和政治身份等三个侧面所形成的“杂糅”身份重塑。最后指出本论文的创新之处:身份建构的中间性
(In-betweenness)决定了当代澳大利亚土著身份重塑的的杂糅性。这种杂糅性身份体现在哲理基础和表现形式上。在多元文化政策成为澳大利亚国策的当下,澳大利亚土著身份重塑有助于加速其国内的种族和解进程。
Identity issue is an important topic in the decolonization process of the postcolonial world. During the colonization, the identity of Australian Aborigines is distorted and stigmatized. Under the background of multiculturalism, the identity recreation becomes one of the most urgent and essential tasks for the contemporary Australian Aboriginal writers.
This dissertation mainly deals with the religious identity, gender identity and political identity recreation of the Aborigines in three key texts of contemporary Aboriginal writers in three different development periods. The hybrid theory of postcolonialism proposed by famous theorist Homi Bhabha is the main theoretical framework of the paper. It points out the in-betweenness or third space between the cultural borders.
The religious identity in Mudrooroo’s Wild Cat Falling is the hybridized representation of Aboriginal Dreaming, existentialist and Buddhist thoughts in author’s semi-autobiographical narrative. Dreaming is the epistemological basis of Aboriginal people. Dreaming philosophy is the solid foundation to identify and recreate the long-marginalized Aboriginal identity.
The transformation of the protagonist Wildcat goes through a juvenile bodgie, to a juvenile delinquent, to a post-convict, to a university art critic, to a milk-bar gang, to an enlightened Wildcat, to an attempted murderer, and finally to a jail bird. The protagonist’s cyclical metamorphosis indicates that the Dreaming creation is shaping the many different images of the unnamed protagonist. This is the“adopt”phase of Aboriginal literature development. Aboriginal writers at this phase adopt the white discourse forms such as novel or poetry to write the black contents as a tentative effort to construct religious identity.
Since the 1970s, the emergence of autobiographical narrative or life story of Aboriginal people started the journey to recreate the gender identity of contemporary Australian Aboriginal literature. The Aboriginal women bio-writers focus their narrative on the true life experience of their own or of such women characters as their mother, aunt and grandmother. The memory of“stolen generation”is the counter-memory to white documentations which justify their holocaust and cruelty as“civilizing mission and breeding out the black blood.”The sexual exploitation of Aboriginal women as“Black Velvet”was never mentioned in white discourses such as history or literature. But to set back the“true history”of dark side in colonizing mission, the Aboriginal women writers such as Sally Morgan, Ruby Langford Ginibi, Glenyse Ward try to fight against the white myth and deconstruct the distorted and stigmatized images of gender identity of contemporary Aboriginal women.
The root seeking literature of Aboriginal women writers with Sally Morgan’s My Place as one of the key texts is the pilgrimage back to their ancestor’s tribal countries to reeducate the long lost traditional Dreaming knowledge and reestablish the spiritual connection with the cultural root. Resistance literature uses the language and genres of the colonizers to get rid of its dominant ideologies. In other words, the colonized people are“writing back,”speaking either of the oppression and racism of the colonizers or the inherent cultural better-ness of the indigenous people. Counter-memory is writing back to the empire, or the metropolitan centre. It is a kind of counter-discourse which has the power to situate, to relativize the authority and stability of a dominant system of utterances which even cannot countenance their existence.
This second phase is the“adapt phase”during which the Aboriginal writers adapt the biography and autobiography into the bio-writing of their own or their mother, aunt and grandmother.
The third phase is the“adept phase”during which the contemporary Aboriginal writers are adept at employing the white discourse forms such as magic realism and fantasy as their literary genres to shape their Aboriginal discourse in hybridity with their Dreaming mythological narrative. The political struggle and legal struggle such as lawsuits and vote replaced the street struggle such as demonstrations and slogans during this phase, especially after the Mabo decision and the Wik decision encouraged the Aboriginal people to fight for their land rights as the core value of their struggle. iii
Alexis Wright’s Carpentaria is one of the representative texts of this phase. The book employs the magic realism and dreaming mythology to destroy and renew the white mining town Desperance in the Gulf of Carpentaria. The Native Title is the focus of this novel. This chapter is involved with land as the identity symbol and Native Title from discourse struggle to political struggle. The Native Title in this book is achieved through the elemental forces such as wind ( cyclone), water( storm rain and flood), and fire (conflagration over the mine), helped by the ever-resting ancestral totemic Rainbow Serpent, because the pristine and quiet clay pan and ancestral land were disturbed and scarred by the greedy mining developers and white settlers. The ontological and epistemological relationship between land and Aboriginal people is different from the dichotomous self-other and possession relationship between the white people and land. The debris island after the destruction of cyclone and flood is the symbolical success of Native Title struggle of the Aboriginal people. This period of struggle moves to political struggle under the inspiration of the Mabo decision and the Wik decision. And the claim for the compensation for the long occupied land is also strong from some Aboriginal community and political groups.
This dissertation consists of five parts: the Introduction deals with literature review of the past research on the identity issue of contemporary Australian Aboriginal literature. Chapter one discusses the religious identity in Mudrooroo’s Wild Cat Falling. The Dreaming is the identity construction and resistance for the young protagonist. Chapter two focuses upon the gender identity in bio-writing. It involves with Aboriginal women writer’s biographical and autobiographical narrative about their root seeking journey to find their long lost identity. Chapter three handles the political identity in Alexis Wright’s Carpentaria with the Native Title as the political focus. The Aboriginal people destroyed and renewed the white settlement and mining premises with the elemental forces from the ancestral Rainbow Serpent. The Conclusion summarizes the hybridized identity in contemporary Australian Aborigines. It points out the originality of the paper: the in-between nature of identity determines the hybridized identity of contemporary Australian Aborigines either in genre or in philosophical basis. Under the background of multiculturalism, the formation of Aboriginal identity is helpful to the reconciliation process in Australia.
基于后殖民主义重要文论家霍米·巴巴的“杂糅”理论和比尔·阿什克罗夫特等人提出的“帝国回写”等创作技巧,本论文专题讨论了当代土著作家三部重要文本中体现的宗教身份、女性身份和政治身份重塑问题。关于土著人宗教身份重塑,本文从马德鲁鲁的被公认的第一部土著人小说《野猫掉下来了》为入口,讨论其体现的宗教身份是对于土著“梦幻”哲学,欧洲存在主义哲学和东方佛教哲学的“杂糅”。在此过程中,土著人已经无法通过被殖民前的纯粹的、纯真的、单一的“梦幻”哲学来重塑宗教身份。在多元文化背景下,土著作家们借助“杂糅”理论,以“梦幻”哲学为基础,积极吸收东方佛教哲学和欧洲存在主义哲学,以期达到目标。三者的共同之处是宗教“杂糅”的基础。“梦幻”哲学所包含的循环时空观和万物有灵论与佛教哲学的轮回思想相似,它反映现实的虚无感与欧洲存在主义的荒诞论一脉相承,它们都共同反映了现实世界的虚无和无奈的悲观主义思想。小说中主人公土著青年“野猫”从被释放到回归监狱,从少年阿飞到少年犯,从囚犯到大学艺术评论家,从抢劫犯到顿悟的“野猫”发展过程契合了土著人“梦幻”哲学的循环时空观和佛教的“轮回”观以及存在主义的荒谬存在论。自二十世纪七十年代以降,澳大利亚文坛刮起了一阵强劲的土著女性作家的“生命书写”的风潮。她们以白人的传记和自传等文学体裁为基础,加之“梦幻”神话,侦探小说等形式以“杂糅”的艺术形式再现她们久被压抑的边缘话语。作家们以“寻根”为主线,与母亲及外祖母等人一起回归祖先部落,探访亲友,恢复历史记忆,真实再现“被偷走的孩子”和对土著妇女的性剥削等历史问题。以反记忆为基础的反话语有力回击了白人的霸权话语。这也是“帝国回写”的经典范例。它不仅解构了白人传记的叙事策略和叙事传统,颠覆了殖民地官方历史及霸权话语,而且在凸现澳大利亚文学的后殖民性,重塑土著女性身份方面起到了积极作用。结合土著女作家萨丽·摩根的《我的位置》,本文探讨了利用文类“杂糅”,“挪用”白人话语形式,土著女性作家们重述历史,建构土著女性身份。小说利用双关的标题既要在土著社会找到“我的位置”,体现寻根之旅,又要在白人社会找到“我的位置”,体现反抗霸权话语策略。作品利用母亲和外祖母在返归部落之后的回忆,揭示了白人历史上那段黑色一页。这种反话语策略可以从内部颠覆白人主流话语的欺骗性和蒙蔽性。
进入新世纪以后,土著作家们熟练运用白人的各种文学形式,尤其是魔幻现实主义等手法创作了一批充满政治色彩的作品。这一时期的政治斗争以索还土地权为核心,从话语斗争转向法律和政治斗争。在“马博”判决和“威克岛”判决的胜利鼓舞下,土著人在索还土地权等问题上展开了不屈不挠的斗争。
阿莱克西斯·赖特的《卡奔塔利亚湾》正是这方面优秀代表作品之一。该部作品以“想象奇特,文体瑰丽”而获得2007年“迈尔斯·富兰克林奖”等近十项澳大利亚文学奖项。土著人与土地的亲缘关系和白人与土地的占有关系不同,他们认为祖先神灵栖息在动植物体内,山川河流,峡谷丛林等处,不容白人定居者采矿和畜牧等活动践踏他们神圣的,原始的土地。小说结合土著“梦幻”神话传说与白人魔幻现实主义手法,通过创世“虹蛇”的帮助,利用自然力(旋风、暴雨、洪水和山火)使白人矿山和小镇Desperance毁灭和重生。作品结尾在海上形成的垃圾荒岛象征性地预示土著人的土地权斗争的胜利。白人小镇在天启式的旋风和洪水毁灭后,只有主人公Will Phantom和父亲及儿子三代人在“伊甸园式”的荒岛上幸福生活着。
本论文共分五个部分:绪论部分包括文献综述和理论框架,简述了国内外关于澳大利亚土著文学及身份建构等问题的研究成果。第一章探讨马德鲁鲁的代表作《野猫掉下来了》中体现的宗教身份。第二章探讨萨丽·摩根的《我的位置》中的女性身份。第三章分析阿莱克西斯·赖特的《卡奔塔利亚湾》中的政治身份。结论部分总结了宗教身份、女性身份和政治身份等三个侧面所形成的“杂糅”身份重塑。最后指出本论文的创新之处:身份建构的中间性
(In-betweenness)决定了当代澳大利亚土著身份重塑的的杂糅性。这种杂糅性身份体现在哲理基础和表现形式上。在多元文化政策成为澳大利亚国策的当下,澳大利亚土著身份重塑有助于加速其国内的种族和解进程。
Identity issue is an important topic in the decolonization process of the postcolonial world. During the colonization, the identity of Australian Aborigines is distorted and stigmatized. Under the background of multiculturalism, the identity recreation becomes one of the most urgent and essential tasks for the contemporary Australian Aboriginal writers.
This dissertation mainly deals with the religious identity, gender identity and political identity recreation of the Aborigines in three key texts of contemporary Aboriginal writers in three different development periods. The hybrid theory of postcolonialism proposed by famous theorist Homi Bhabha is the main theoretical framework of the paper. It points out the in-betweenness or third space between the cultural borders.
The religious identity in Mudrooroo’s Wild Cat Falling is the hybridized representation of Aboriginal Dreaming, existentialist and Buddhist thoughts in author’s semi-autobiographical narrative. Dreaming is the epistemological basis of Aboriginal people. Dreaming philosophy is the solid foundation to identify and recreate the long-marginalized Aboriginal identity.
The transformation of the protagonist Wildcat goes through a juvenile bodgie, to a juvenile delinquent, to a post-convict, to a university art critic, to a milk-bar gang, to an enlightened Wildcat, to an attempted murderer, and finally to a jail bird. The protagonist’s cyclical metamorphosis indicates that the Dreaming creation is shaping the many different images of the unnamed protagonist. This is the“adopt”phase of Aboriginal literature development. Aboriginal writers at this phase adopt the white discourse forms such as novel or poetry to write the black contents as a tentative effort to construct religious identity.
Since the 1970s, the emergence of autobiographical narrative or life story of Aboriginal people started the journey to recreate the gender identity of contemporary Australian Aboriginal literature. The Aboriginal women bio-writers focus their narrative on the true life experience of their own or of such women characters as their mother, aunt and grandmother. The memory of“stolen generation”is the counter-memory to white documentations which justify their holocaust and cruelty as“civilizing mission and breeding out the black blood.”The sexual exploitation of Aboriginal women as“Black Velvet”was never mentioned in white discourses such as history or literature. But to set back the“true history”of dark side in colonizing mission, the Aboriginal women writers such as Sally Morgan, Ruby Langford Ginibi, Glenyse Ward try to fight against the white myth and deconstruct the distorted and stigmatized images of gender identity of contemporary Aboriginal women.
The root seeking literature of Aboriginal women writers with Sally Morgan’s My Place as one of the key texts is the pilgrimage back to their ancestor’s tribal countries to reeducate the long lost traditional Dreaming knowledge and reestablish the spiritual connection with the cultural root. Resistance literature uses the language and genres of the colonizers to get rid of its dominant ideologies. In other words, the colonized people are“writing back,”speaking either of the oppression and racism of the colonizers or the inherent cultural better-ness of the indigenous people. Counter-memory is writing back to the empire, or the metropolitan centre. It is a kind of counter-discourse which has the power to situate, to relativize the authority and stability of a dominant system of utterances which even cannot countenance their existence.
This second phase is the“adapt phase”during which the Aboriginal writers adapt the biography and autobiography into the bio-writing of their own or their mother, aunt and grandmother.
The third phase is the“adept phase”during which the contemporary Aboriginal writers are adept at employing the white discourse forms such as magic realism and fantasy as their literary genres to shape their Aboriginal discourse in hybridity with their Dreaming mythological narrative. The political struggle and legal struggle such as lawsuits and vote replaced the street struggle such as demonstrations and slogans during this phase, especially after the Mabo decision and the Wik decision encouraged the Aboriginal people to fight for their land rights as the core value of their struggle. iii
Alexis Wright’s Carpentaria is one of the representative texts of this phase. The book employs the magic realism and dreaming mythology to destroy and renew the white mining town Desperance in the Gulf of Carpentaria. The Native Title is the focus of this novel. This chapter is involved with land as the identity symbol and Native Title from discourse struggle to political struggle. The Native Title in this book is achieved through the elemental forces such as wind ( cyclone), water( storm rain and flood), and fire (conflagration over the mine), helped by the ever-resting ancestral totemic Rainbow Serpent, because the pristine and quiet clay pan and ancestral land were disturbed and scarred by the greedy mining developers and white settlers. The ontological and epistemological relationship between land and Aboriginal people is different from the dichotomous self-other and possession relationship between the white people and land. The debris island after the destruction of cyclone and flood is the symbolical success of Native Title struggle of the Aboriginal people. This period of struggle moves to political struggle under the inspiration of the Mabo decision and the Wik decision. And the claim for the compensation for the long occupied land is also strong from some Aboriginal community and political groups.
This dissertation consists of five parts: the Introduction deals with literature review of the past research on the identity issue of contemporary Australian Aboriginal literature. Chapter one discusses the religious identity in Mudrooroo’s Wild Cat Falling. The Dreaming is the identity construction and resistance for the young protagonist. Chapter two focuses upon the gender identity in bio-writing. It involves with Aboriginal women writer’s biographical and autobiographical narrative about their root seeking journey to find their long lost identity. Chapter three handles the political identity in Alexis Wright’s Carpentaria with the Native Title as the political focus. The Aboriginal people destroyed and renewed the white settlement and mining premises with the elemental forces from the ancestral Rainbow Serpent. The Conclusion summarizes the hybridized identity in contemporary Australian Aborigines. It points out the originality of the paper: the in-between nature of identity determines the hybridized identity of contemporary Australian Aborigines either in genre or in philosophical basis. Under the background of multiculturalism, the formation of Aboriginal identity is helpful to the reconciliation process in Australia.
引文
Mudrooroo ( Colin Johnson). Wild Cat Falling, Sydney: Collins / Angus & Robertson, 1965. ( Imprint Classics edition, 1992)
——Long Live Sandawara, Melbourne; Quartet books, 1979. ( Melbourne: Hyland House Publishing Pty Ltd 1987 ).
——Doctor Wooreddy’s Prescription for Enduring the Ending of the World, Melbourne: Hyland House Publishing Pty Ltd, 1983.
——Doin Wildcat: A novel Koori Script, Melbourne: Hyland House Publishing Pty Ltd, 1988.
——Master of Ghost Dreaming, Sydney: Collins / Angus & Robertson, 1991.
——Wild Cat Screaming, Sydney: Collins / Angus & Robertson, 1992.
——The Kwinkan, Sydney: Collins / Angus & Robertson, 1995.
——The Undying, Sydney: Collins / Angus & Robertson, 1998.
——Underground, Sydney: Collins / Angus & Robertson, 1999.
——The Promised Land, Sydney: Collins / Angus & Robertson, 2000.
——Struggling, in Jack Davis, et al. Eds. Paperbark: A Collection of Black
Australian Writings, St. Lucia, Queensland: University of Queensland Press, 1990. b) Short Stories
——“Bohemian Party”, in Geoffrey Dutton ed., Modern Australian Writing, London: Collins, 1966:76-84.
——“Finish”, Westerly, 1960(03): 30-31.
——“The Healer”, in Stephen Knight ed., More Crimes for a Summer Christmas, Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1991: 155-165.
——“A Missionary Would I Have Been”, Westerly, 1975 ( 01 ) : 5-11.
——“My Son’s Dreaming Story”, in Oodgeroo Noonuccal, ed., Australian Legends and Landscapes, Sydney: Random Century, 1990: 151- 165.
——“Safe Delivery”, Westerly, 1976 9 02 ) : 5-7.
——“A Snake Story for Kids”, in Oodgeroo Noonuccal, ed., Australian Legends and Landscapes, Sydney: Random Century, 1990: 169-174.
——“A snake Story of the Nyoongar People”, in Ulli Beier and Colin Johnson, ed., Long Water: Aboriginal Art and Literature Annual, 1988: 32-35.
——“Source of the Djangan”, Southerly, 1988 ( 04 ) : 371- 373. ( Also in Oodgeroo Noonuccal, ed., Australian Legends and Landscapes, Sydney: Random Century, 1990: 177-181.
——“The Spirit of our Mourning”, in Roger McDonald, ed., Gone Bush, Sydney: Bantam, 1990: 109-123.
——“Waitin”, in Helen Daniel, ed., Expressway, Ringwood, Victoria: Penguin, 1989:171.
——“Westralian Lead”, in Stephen Knight ed., Crimes for a Summer Christmas, Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1990: 25-47. c) Poetry
——The Song Circle of Jacky and Selected Poems, Melbourne: Hyland House Publishing Pty Ltd, 1986.
——Dalwurra: the Black Bittern, Perth: the Centre for Studies in Australian Literature, 1988.
——The Garden of Gethsemane: Poems From the Lost Decade, Melbourne: Hyland House Publishing Pty Ltd, 1992.
——Pacific Highway Boo- Blooz: Country poems, St. Lucia, Queensland: University of Queensland Press 1996. d) Criticism and Reviews
——Writing From the Fringe: A Study of Modern Aboriginal Literature, Melbourne: Hyland House Publishing Pty Ltd, 1991.
——Us Mob: History, Culture, Struggle, An Introduction to Indigenous Australia, Sydney: Collins / Angus & Robertson, 1995.
——The Indigenous Literature of Australia. ( Milli Milli Wangka ), Melbourne: Hyland House Publishing Pty Ltd. 1997.
——“Black Poetry of 200 White Nights”, Australian Book Review, 1988 ( 100 ): 35-36 , ( on Kevin Gilbert’s Inside Black Australia)
——“Mission’s Mixed Blessings”, Age Saturday Extra, 16 April 1988. ( on Vivienne Rae- Ellis’s Black Robinson and J.B. Gribble’s Dark Deeds in a Sunny Land )
——“Reading the Book: Review of Reading the Country”Australian Journal of Cultural Studies, 1985 ( 02 ) 143-146. ( on Krim Benterrak, Stephen Muecke and Paddy Roe’s Reading the country).
——“Reading the Country”, Independent Monthly, 1990 ( 02 ): 32-33. ( on Steve Hawke and Michael Gallagher’s Noonkanbah, Bill Nedjie’s Story About Feeling, Sally Morgan’s Wanamurraganya, Jennifer Issac’s Aboriginality, Peter Sutton’s Dreamings, and Wally Caruana’s Windows on the Dreaming).
——“Settled Land Vision”Age Monthly Review, !988 ( 05 ): 3-4. ( on Les A. Murray’s The Daylight Moon).
——“Untitle review of Jack Davis’s Te Dreamer, Honey Spot, Kullark, and No sugar, Australian Drama Studies, 1990 ( 15-16): 187-189.
——“Views From the‘fourth World’”, Age, 1989 (04):12. ( on J. J. Healy’s Literature and the Aborigine in Australia and Adam Shoemaker’s Black words, White Page).
——“White on Blacks without Ideology”, Social Alternatives, 1989 ( 01 ): 66-67. ( on J.J. Healy’s Literature and the Aborigine in Australia and Adam Shoemaker’s Black words, White Page). e) Articles
——“Captured Discourse, Captured Lives”. Aboriginal History, 1987 ( 01 ): 27- 32.
——“Chauvel and the Centering of the Aboriginal Male in Australian Film”, Continuum, 1987 ( 01 ): 47-56.
——“The Growth of Aboriginal Literature”, Social Alternative, 1988 ( 01 ) : 53-54.
——“A Literature of Aboriginlity”, Ulitarra, 1992 ( 01 ) 28-33.
——“Guerilla Poetry: Lionel Forgarty’s response to Language Genocide”, Aspect, 1986 ( 34 ): 72-81. ( also in Westerly, 1986 ( 03 ): 47-55 ).
——Private voice, Public Reception: The Journal of George Augustus Robinson”, Island Magazine, 1987 ( 33 ) : 41-46.
——“Schooldays”, Age Saturday Extra, 1988 ( 07- 16 ) : 02.
——“A Short History of Aboriginal writing”, Independent Monthly, 1990 ( 02 ) : 36- 38.
——“Theatrical Fringe Benefits”in Ulli Beier and Colin Johnson, eds., Long Water: Aboriginal Art and Literature Annual, 1988 : 1-17.
——“Welfare Child”, Independent Monthly, 1990 ( 11 ) : 40-41.
——“White Forms, Aboriginal Content”in Jack Davis and Bob Hodge, eds., Aboriginal Writing Today, Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press, 1985 : 21-33. f) Other Works
——“The Aboriginal Protestors Confront the Declaration of the Australian Republic on 26th January 2001 with the Production of the Commission by Heiner Muller”in Gerhard Fisher, ed., The Mudrooroo/ Muller Project: A Theatrical Casebook, Sydney: New South Wales University Press, 1993: 75-121.
——Before the Invasion: Aboriginal Life to 1788, Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1980 ( Co-edited with Colin Bourke and Isobel White ).
——Big Sunday, Canberra: 1987 ( Unpublished play ).
——“Foreword”to Jack Davis’s John Pat and Other Poems, Melbourne: Dent, 1988: ix-xiii.
——“Introduction”to Xavier Herbert’s Capriconia, Sydney: Collins/ Angus & Robertson, 1990: vii-xiv.
——“Long Live Pigeon!”Meanjin, 1997 9 04 ) 494-507. ( Extracts from Draft of the forthcoming Novel, Published as Long Live Sandawara).
——Mutjinggab: The Place of the Old Woman, Sydney : 1989 ( Unpublished Play )
——Paperbark: A Collection of Black Australian Writings, St. Lucia, Queensland: University of Queensland Pres, 1990. ( Co-edited With Jack Davis, Stephen Muecke, and Adam Shoemaker).
——“Two Hundred Years of Unconcerned Concern”Blast, 1988 ( 6-7 ) :7-8. g) Interviews and Conversations
Beier, Ulli and Colin Johnson.“The Aboriginal Novelist Who Found Buddha”, Quardrant, 1985 ( 09 ) 69-75.
——Colin Johnson: An Interview with Ulli Beier, Commonwealth Literature Conference Bayreuth June 17- 19 1983. Awalewa Haus University of Bayreuth. Bennett, Bruce and Laurie Lockwood.“Colin Johnson: An Interview”, Westerly, 1975 ( 03 ) : 33-37.
Jillett, Neil.“A Marxist in a Saffron Robe”, Age, 1979 ( 09-02 ) : 23. Kerr, David and Phillip Edmonds.“Recipe for a Writer”Bulletin Library Supplement, 1984 ( 06-26 ) 74-76.
Little, Jannie“A Conversation with Mudrooroo ( interview with Mudrooroo, Australian Aboriginal literary expert )”Hecate 1993(19): 143.
“Mudrooroo Narogin: Writer”, in Liz Thompton, ed., Aboriginal Voices: Contemporary Aboriginal Artists, Writers and Performers, Sydney : Simon & Schuster, 1990 : 55-59.
Williamson, John and Ron Rudolphy.“Interview with Mudrooroo Narogin ( Colin Johnson )”, Westerly, 1985 ( 02 ) : 83-89. Works by Sally Morgan a) Novels and Non-Fiction.
Morgan, Sally My Place. Perth: Fremantle Arts Center Press, 1987.
——Wanamurraganya: The Story of Jack McPhee. Perth: Fremantle Arts Center Press, 1989.
——The Flying Emu and Other Australian Stories. Victoria: Puffin Books, Penguin Group (Australia) 1992.
——Speaking from the Heart: Stories of Life, Family and Country. Ed. Sally Morgan, Tjalanminu Mia, and Blaze Kwaymullina. Perth: Fremantle Arts Centre Press. 2007. b) Interviews
Bird, Delys. Dennis Haskell“Interview with Sally Morgan”. Whose Place? A Study of Sally Morgan’s My Place. Sydney, New South Wales: Angus & Robertson: an Imprint of HarperCollins Publishers. 1992. Works by Alexis Wright a) Novels and Non-Fiction.
Wright, Alexis. Carpentaria. Sydney: Giramondo Publishing Company. 2006.
——Grog War. Broome: Magabala Books Aboriginal Corporation. 1997.
——Plains of Promise. St. Lucia, Queensland: University of Queensland Press. 1997. b) Articles
Wright, Alexis.“On Writing Carpentaria”, Heat. 2006 (13):1-17.
——“Breaking Taboo”at the Tasmanian Readers’and Writers’Festival, September 1998. c) Interviews O’Brien, Kerry.“Alexis Wright interview.”Hecate 2007 (33.1): 215–219. Ravenscroft, Alison.“Politics of Exposure: An Interview with Alexis Wright.”Meridian 17.1 (1998): 75–80. Vernay, Jean-Francois.“An Interview with Alexis Wright.”Antipodes 2004 (18.2): 119–122. Secondary Source
Achebe, Chinua. Morning yet on Creation Day. New York: Doubleday. 1975. Ang, Ian. On Not Speaking Chinese: Living Between Asia and the West. New York: Routledge. 2001.Anonymous.“The Dark Side of The Dreaming: Aboriginality and Australian Culture”Australian Literary Studies 1992 (04): 328-333.
Anderson, Eric Gary.“The Presence of Early Native Studies: A Response to Stephanie Fitzgerald and Hilary E. Wyss”American Literary History 2001(02): 280-288.
Arendt, Hannah. The Human Condition. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1958.
Ariss, R.“Writing Black: The Construction of an Aboriginal Discourse”Past and Present: The Construction of Aboriginality. Ed. J.R. Beckett. Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press. 1988: 131-146
Ashcroft, Bill, Gareth Griffiths and Helen Tiffin. The Empire Writes Back. London & New York: Routledge, 2002
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——The Empire Writes Back: Theory and Practice in Post-colonial Literatures. London & New York: Routledge, 1989
Ashcroft, Bill, Frances Devlin-Glass, Lyn McCredden. Intimate Horizon: the Postcolonial Sacred in Australian Literature. Sydney: ATF Press ( Australasian Theological Forum Ltd.) 2009.
Bailey, Eleanor.“Epic, Comic and Hypnotic”New Statesmen 2008.06.02.
Bakhtin, M.M. The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays. C. Emerson and M. Holquist ( trans.); M. Holquist (ed.). Austin: University of Texas Press, 1981. Barlow, Damien.“Authenticity/Hybridity and Pallawah Identities in Castro’s Drift.”Southerly. 1998 ( 04) : 59-66.
Barry, Peter.“Postcolonial Criticism”. In Beginning Theory: An introduction to literary and cultural theory. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1995.
Baumer, Franklin L. Modern European Thought: Continuity and Change in Ideas, 1600-1950. New York & London: Macmillan Publishing Co., & Collier Macmillan Publishers. 1977.
Beier, Ulli. Colin Johnson: An Interview with Ulli Beier Commonwealth Literature Conference Bayreuth June 17-19, 1983.
Bennett, Bruce, Jennifer Strauss, Chris Wallace-Crabbe. The Oxford Literary Historyof Australia. South Melbourne, Australia: Oxford University Press. 1998. Bennett, Bruce, Laurie Lockwood.“Colin Johnson: An Interview”Westerly, 1975 ( 03 ) : 33-37.
Bhabha, Homi. Nation and Narration. London & New York: Routlege, 1990. ——“Cultural Diversity and Cultural Differences”The Post-Colonial Studies Reader. Eds. Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths and Helen Tiffin. London & New York: Routledge, 2006:155-157.
——“the Third Space: Interview with Homi Bhabha”, in J. Rutherford ( ed.), Identity: Community, Culture and Difference. London: Laurence and Wishart. 1990. ——The Location of Culture. London and New York: Routledge, 1994.
Biddick, Kathleen.“Humanist History and the Haunting of Virtual Worlds: Problems of Memory and Rememoration”. Genders, 1993 (18) : 47-66.
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Boehmer, Elleke. Colonial and Post-colonial Literature. Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.
Breitinger, Eckhard.“Interview with Colin Johnson”, Studies in Commonwealth Literature: Papers Presented at the Commonwealth Literature and Language Conference at Bayreuth University Eckhard Breitinger and Reinhard Sander ( eds. ) Tubingen: Gunter Narr Verlag, 1985: 11-14.
Brewster, Anne.“Aboriginal life writing and globalization: Doris Pilkington’s Follow the Rabbit-Proof Fence.”Australian Humanities Review. 2002(25).
Camus, Albert. The Rebel: An Essay on Man in Revolt. Foreword by Sir Herbert Read. Revision and translation by A. Bower. New York: Vintage Books. 1956. ——Lyrical and Critical Essays. Translated by E.C. Conroy Kennedy, edited by P. Thody. New York: Vintage Books. 1970.
Castro, Brian. Drift. Port Melbourne: Minerva. 1995.
Chen Liang. A Research on Hybridity in the Works of Louis Erdrich. Ph.Ddissertation in Fudan University, 2008.
Clark, Maureen.“Reality Rights in the Wildcat Trilogy”. Mongrel Signature: Reflections on the Work of Mudrooroo ed., Annalisa Oboe, Amsterdam: Rodopi 2003.
——Mudrooroo: A Likely Story, Identity and Belonging in Postcolonial Australia PhD dissertation of University of Wollongong, 2004.
Coates, J. B.“Existentialism”, Philosophy, Vol.28, 1953 (106) : 229-238. Connerton, Paul. How Societies Remember. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.
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Davis, Jack, Bob Hodge.“Introduction”Aboriginal Writing Today. Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies, 1985.
——“The Real Australian Story”, interview with Jack Davis. Jack Davis: The Maker of History, Gerry Tercotte ( ed.) Sydney: Angus & Robertson, 1994.
Di Blasio, Francesca.“A path of words: the reception of autobiographical Australian Aboriginal writing in Italy”Indigenous Biography and Autobiography. 2007: 29-39.
Dizard, Robin.“Native Daughters: My Place and Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl”Melus, 1997 ( 04 ) : 147-162.
During, Simon.“How Aboriginal Is It?”Review of Writing from the Fringe by Mudrooroo Narogin. Australian Book Review 1990(21-23): 118. Fearson, James D.“What is Identity ( As We Now Use The Word ) ?”( Unpublished Paper ). 1999.
Ferrier, Carole.“‘Disappearing Memory’and The Colonial Present in Recent Indigenous Women’s Writing”JASAL ( Journal of Australian Society on Australian Literature ) Special Issue 2008:The Colonial Present. 2008:37-55.
Fitzgerald, Stephanie.“Land and Literacy: The Textualities of Native Studies”. American Literary History, 2010(02): 271-279.
Foucault, Michel. Power/knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings. ed. Colin Cordon. New York: Pantheon, 1980.
Foucault, Michel. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of Prison. London: Allen Lane, 1977.
Galeano, Eduardo. Genesis. London: Methuen, 1987.
Gare, Nene. Patricia Crawford.“Sally Morgan’s My Place——Two Views”, Westerly, 1987 ( 02) : 79-84.
Garimara, Nugi (Pilkington, Doris )“Interviewed by Chris Watson.”Hecate 2002 (01): 23-38.
Gillard, Gary.“Mudrooroo Nyoongar,‘Passing for white passing for black: an ideological con-pro-testation’( Written version )”The Australian Journal of Media & Culture, 1994 ( 02 )
Ginibi, Rubi Langford. My Bandjalung People. St. Lucia, Queensland: University of Queensland Press, 1994
Glass, Frances Devlin.“Review Essay: Alexis Wright’s Carpentaria”Antipodes: Journal of American Association of Australian Literature 2007 (06) : 82- 84.
Graham, Mary.“Some Thoughts about the Philosophical Underpinnings of Aboriginal Worldviews”Australian Humanities Review 2009 (45) : 181-194.
Grossman, Michelle.“When they write what we read: Unsettling indigenous Australian life-writing.”Australian Humanities Review 2006(39-40) (September).
Hall, Stuart.“Ethnicity: Identity and Difference.”Radical America. 1989. 23:9–20. ——“New Ethnicities.”Stuart Hall: Critical Dialogues in Cultural Studies. Ed. David Morley and Kuan-Hsing Chen. London: Routledge, 1996. 441-49.
Heiss, Anita, Peter Minter. Macquarie Pen Anthology of Aboriginal Literature. Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 2008.
Hergenhan, Laurie, Bruce Bennett, et.al. The Penguin New Literary History of Australia. Ringwood, Victoria : Penguin Books Australia Ltd. 1988.
Hills, Edward.“What Country, Friends, Is This? Sally Morgan’s My Place Revisited.”Journal of Commonwealth Literature. 1987 (32.2): 99-112.
Hooton, J. Stories of Herself When Young. Melbourne: Oxford University Press.1990.
Huggan, Graham.“Post-colonialism, Anthropology, and the Magic of Mimesis”Cultural Critique 1997-1998 ( 38 ): 91-106.
——“Decolonizing the Map”in The Post-colonial Studies Reader( second edition), Bill Ashcroft, et at (ed.) London: Routledge, 2006.
Kehinde, Ayo.“Post-Colonial Literature as Counter-Discourse: J.M. Coetze’s Foe and the Reworking the Canon”. Journal of African Literature and Culture. 2007: 33-57.
Kern, Edith.“Drama Stripped for Inaction: Beckett’s Godot”, Yale French Studies, 1954 (14): 41-47.
King, Alec.“Untitled Review”Westerly, 1965 ( 05 ): 70-71
Langton, Marcia.“Well I Heard It On the Radio and I Saw It On Television…”. North Sydney: Australian Film Commission, 1993.
Lawhead, William F. The Philosophical Journey: An Interactive Approach. New York: McGraw-hill Higher Education, 2000.
Levy, Bronwen.“Writing Someone/ Somewhere Else”Story Telling: The Woodford Forum. ed. Bronwen Levy, Ffion Murphy. St Lucia, Queensland: University of Queensland Press. 2001: 233-240
Little, Jannie.“A Conversation with Mudrooroo”( interview with Mudrooroo, Australian Aboriginal literary expert)”Hecate 1993 ( 01 ) : 143.
Lovell, Melissa.“Settler Colonialism, Multiculturalism and the Politics of Postcolonial Identity”. APSA Conference at Monash University, Melbourne. 2007.
Macintyre, Stuart. A Concise History of Australia. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press. 2006.
Mateer, John.“To Mudrooroo”Antipodes 2000 ( 14.2 ): 107.
Mishra, Vijay.“Aboriginal Representations in Australian Texts”Continuum: The Australian Journal of Media & Culture. 1987(01): 1-12.
Muecke, Stephen.“Introduction”to Wild Cat Falling Sydney: Collins / Angus & Robertson, 1965. ( Imprint Classics edition, 1992)
——Ancient and Modern: Time, Culture and Indigenous Philosophy. Sydney: University of New South Wales Press, 2005.
——“Aboriginal Literature and the Repressive Hypothesis.”Southerly: A Review of Australian Literature 1988(04): 405-418.
Nakachi, Sachi. Mixed Race Identity Politics in Nella Larsen and Winnifred Eaton ( Onoto Watanna). PhD Dissertation in Ohio University 2001.
Newman, Joan.“Reader-response to Transcribed Oral Narratives: A Fortunate Life and My Place.”Southerly. 1988 (04): 376-389.
Oboe, Annalisa ( ed.). Mongrel Signatures: Reflections on the work of Mudrooroo, Amsterdam and New York: Rodopi. 2003.
O’Connor, Terry.“A Question of Race”, The Courier Mail. page 24,28 March, 1998 . Pack, Uraina N.“‘Oh! The pity of it! In the land of the free and the home of the brave’: Tricksterism and True Womanhood in the Slave Narratives of Harriet Jacobs and Lucy Delaney”, Literature, Language and Linguistics Volume 3, 2009 ( 01 ).
Pan Jiayun. A Necrophilous Character Vs A Biophilous Character: Approaching Two Antithetical Characters in The Collector from Existentialism and Psychoanalytical Characterology. PhD Dissertation of Sisu ( Shanghai International Studies University ), 2005.
Paradies, Yin C.“Beyond Black and White Essentialism, Hybridity and Indigeneity”Journal of Sociology 2006(42):355-367.
Plumwood, Val.“Decolonizing Relationships with Natures”. Postcolonial Studies Reader ( 2nd edition). Ed. Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths, Helen Tiffin. London & New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. 2006.
Powers, Peter Kerry. Recalling Religions: Resistance, Memory and Cultural Revision in Ethnic Women’s Literature. Knoxville: The University of Tennessee Press, 2001.
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Said, Edward. Orientalism. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. 1978.
Sharpe, Jenny.“Figures of Colonial Resistance”Modern Fiction Studies 1989( 01, Spring):137-55.
Sharrad, Paul.“Beyond Capricornia: ambiguous Promise in Alexis Wright”Australian Literary Studies 2009( 01 ) : 52-65.
Shoemaker, Adam.“Fiction or Assumed Fiction: The Short Stories of Colin Johnson, Jack Davis and Archie Weller”Connections: Essays on Black Literatures. ed. Emanuel Nelson. Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press, 1988:53-59.
——Mudrooroo:A Critical Study, Sydney : Collins/ Angus & Robertson, 1993. ——“Hard Dreams and Indigenous Worlds in Australia’s North”Hecate 2008 (34.1): 55–61.
Slemon, Stephen.“Unsettling the Empire: Resistance Theory for the Second World”The Post-Colonial Studies Reader Eds. Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths and Helen Tiffin. London & New York: Routledge, 1995:102-106.
Smith, Sidonie. A Poetics of Women’s Autobiography: Marginality and the Fictions of Self-Representation. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1987.
Stockton, Eugene Daniel. The Aboriginal Gifts: Spirituality for A Nation. Sydney: Millennium Books, 1995.
Tiffin, Helen.“Post-colonial Literatures and Counter-discourse”. The Post-Colonial Studies Reader. Eds. Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths and Helen Tiffin. London & New York: Routledge, 2006:99-101.
—“Post-colonial Literatures and Counter-discourse”. Kunapipi 1987 ( 03 ) : 17-34. Trees, Kathryn.“Counter-Memories: History and Identity in Aboriginal Literature”, Whose Place eds. Delys Bird and Dennis Haskell. Sydney: Angus & Robertson. 1992: 55-65.
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Van Sertima, Ivan.“Trickster: The Revolutionary Hero.”Talk that Talk: An Anthology of African American Story Telling. Ed. Linda Goss, Marian E. Barnes, and Henry Louis Gates, Jr. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1989:103-111.
Van Toorn, Penny.“Stories to Live in: Discursive Regimes and Indigenous Canadian and Australian Historiography”. Canadian Literature 1998 ( 158 ) : 42- 43. Watson, Christine.“‘Believe Me’: acts in witnessing in Aboriginal women’sautobiographical narratives.”Journal of Australian Studies. 2000 (64): 142-152.
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——Long Live Sandawara, Melbourne; Quartet books, 1979. ( Melbourne: Hyland House Publishing Pty Ltd 1987 ).
——Doctor Wooreddy’s Prescription for Enduring the Ending of the World, Melbourne: Hyland House Publishing Pty Ltd, 1983.
——Doin Wildcat: A novel Koori Script, Melbourne: Hyland House Publishing Pty Ltd, 1988.
——Master of Ghost Dreaming, Sydney: Collins / Angus & Robertson, 1991.
——Wild Cat Screaming, Sydney: Collins / Angus & Robertson, 1992.
——The Kwinkan, Sydney: Collins / Angus & Robertson, 1995.
——The Undying, Sydney: Collins / Angus & Robertson, 1998.
——Underground, Sydney: Collins / Angus & Robertson, 1999.
——The Promised Land, Sydney: Collins / Angus & Robertson, 2000.
——Struggling, in Jack Davis, et al. Eds. Paperbark: A Collection of Black
Australian Writings, St. Lucia, Queensland: University of Queensland Press, 1990. b) Short Stories
——“Bohemian Party”, in Geoffrey Dutton ed., Modern Australian Writing, London: Collins, 1966:76-84.
——“Finish”, Westerly, 1960(03): 30-31.
——“The Healer”, in Stephen Knight ed., More Crimes for a Summer Christmas, Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1991: 155-165.
——“A Missionary Would I Have Been”, Westerly, 1975 ( 01 ) : 5-11.
——“My Son’s Dreaming Story”, in Oodgeroo Noonuccal, ed., Australian Legends and Landscapes, Sydney: Random Century, 1990: 151- 165.
——“Safe Delivery”, Westerly, 1976 9 02 ) : 5-7.
——“A Snake Story for Kids”, in Oodgeroo Noonuccal, ed., Australian Legends and Landscapes, Sydney: Random Century, 1990: 169-174.
——“A snake Story of the Nyoongar People”, in Ulli Beier and Colin Johnson, ed., Long Water: Aboriginal Art and Literature Annual, 1988: 32-35.
——“Source of the Djangan”, Southerly, 1988 ( 04 ) : 371- 373. ( Also in Oodgeroo Noonuccal, ed., Australian Legends and Landscapes, Sydney: Random Century, 1990: 177-181.
——“The Spirit of our Mourning”, in Roger McDonald, ed., Gone Bush, Sydney: Bantam, 1990: 109-123.
——“Waitin”, in Helen Daniel, ed., Expressway, Ringwood, Victoria: Penguin, 1989:171.
——“Westralian Lead”, in Stephen Knight ed., Crimes for a Summer Christmas, Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1990: 25-47. c) Poetry
——The Song Circle of Jacky and Selected Poems, Melbourne: Hyland House Publishing Pty Ltd, 1986.
——Dalwurra: the Black Bittern, Perth: the Centre for Studies in Australian Literature, 1988.
——The Garden of Gethsemane: Poems From the Lost Decade, Melbourne: Hyland House Publishing Pty Ltd, 1992.
——Pacific Highway Boo- Blooz: Country poems, St. Lucia, Queensland: University of Queensland Press 1996. d) Criticism and Reviews
——Writing From the Fringe: A Study of Modern Aboriginal Literature, Melbourne: Hyland House Publishing Pty Ltd, 1991.
——Us Mob: History, Culture, Struggle, An Introduction to Indigenous Australia, Sydney: Collins / Angus & Robertson, 1995.
——The Indigenous Literature of Australia. ( Milli Milli Wangka ), Melbourne: Hyland House Publishing Pty Ltd. 1997.
——“Black Poetry of 200 White Nights”, Australian Book Review, 1988 ( 100 ): 35-36 , ( on Kevin Gilbert’s Inside Black Australia)
——“Mission’s Mixed Blessings”, Age Saturday Extra, 16 April 1988. ( on Vivienne Rae- Ellis’s Black Robinson and J.B. Gribble’s Dark Deeds in a Sunny Land )
——“Reading the Book: Review of Reading the Country”Australian Journal of Cultural Studies, 1985 ( 02 ) 143-146. ( on Krim Benterrak, Stephen Muecke and Paddy Roe’s Reading the country).
——“Reading the Country”, Independent Monthly, 1990 ( 02 ): 32-33. ( on Steve Hawke and Michael Gallagher’s Noonkanbah, Bill Nedjie’s Story About Feeling, Sally Morgan’s Wanamurraganya, Jennifer Issac’s Aboriginality, Peter Sutton’s Dreamings, and Wally Caruana’s Windows on the Dreaming).
——“Settled Land Vision”Age Monthly Review, !988 ( 05 ): 3-4. ( on Les A. Murray’s The Daylight Moon).
——“Untitle review of Jack Davis’s Te Dreamer, Honey Spot, Kullark, and No sugar, Australian Drama Studies, 1990 ( 15-16): 187-189.
——“Views From the‘fourth World’”, Age, 1989 (04):12. ( on J. J. Healy’s Literature and the Aborigine in Australia and Adam Shoemaker’s Black words, White Page).
——“White on Blacks without Ideology”, Social Alternatives, 1989 ( 01 ): 66-67. ( on J.J. Healy’s Literature and the Aborigine in Australia and Adam Shoemaker’s Black words, White Page). e) Articles
——“Captured Discourse, Captured Lives”. Aboriginal History, 1987 ( 01 ): 27- 32.
——“Chauvel and the Centering of the Aboriginal Male in Australian Film”, Continuum, 1987 ( 01 ): 47-56.
——“The Growth of Aboriginal Literature”, Social Alternative, 1988 ( 01 ) : 53-54.
——“A Literature of Aboriginlity”, Ulitarra, 1992 ( 01 ) 28-33.
——“Guerilla Poetry: Lionel Forgarty’s response to Language Genocide”, Aspect, 1986 ( 34 ): 72-81. ( also in Westerly, 1986 ( 03 ): 47-55 ).
——Private voice, Public Reception: The Journal of George Augustus Robinson”, Island Magazine, 1987 ( 33 ) : 41-46.
——“Schooldays”, Age Saturday Extra, 1988 ( 07- 16 ) : 02.
——“A Short History of Aboriginal writing”, Independent Monthly, 1990 ( 02 ) : 36- 38.
——“Theatrical Fringe Benefits”in Ulli Beier and Colin Johnson, eds., Long Water: Aboriginal Art and Literature Annual, 1988 : 1-17.
——“Welfare Child”, Independent Monthly, 1990 ( 11 ) : 40-41.
——“White Forms, Aboriginal Content”in Jack Davis and Bob Hodge, eds., Aboriginal Writing Today, Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press, 1985 : 21-33. f) Other Works
——“The Aboriginal Protestors Confront the Declaration of the Australian Republic on 26th January 2001 with the Production of the Commission by Heiner Muller”in Gerhard Fisher, ed., The Mudrooroo/ Muller Project: A Theatrical Casebook, Sydney: New South Wales University Press, 1993: 75-121.
——Before the Invasion: Aboriginal Life to 1788, Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1980 ( Co-edited with Colin Bourke and Isobel White ).
——Big Sunday, Canberra: 1987 ( Unpublished play ).
——“Foreword”to Jack Davis’s John Pat and Other Poems, Melbourne: Dent, 1988: ix-xiii.
——“Introduction”to Xavier Herbert’s Capriconia, Sydney: Collins/ Angus & Robertson, 1990: vii-xiv.
——“Long Live Pigeon!”Meanjin, 1997 9 04 ) 494-507. ( Extracts from Draft of the forthcoming Novel, Published as Long Live Sandawara).
——Mutjinggab: The Place of the Old Woman, Sydney : 1989 ( Unpublished Play )
——Paperbark: A Collection of Black Australian Writings, St. Lucia, Queensland: University of Queensland Pres, 1990. ( Co-edited With Jack Davis, Stephen Muecke, and Adam Shoemaker).
——“Two Hundred Years of Unconcerned Concern”Blast, 1988 ( 6-7 ) :7-8. g) Interviews and Conversations
Beier, Ulli and Colin Johnson.“The Aboriginal Novelist Who Found Buddha”, Quardrant, 1985 ( 09 ) 69-75.
——Colin Johnson: An Interview with Ulli Beier, Commonwealth Literature Conference Bayreuth June 17- 19 1983. Awalewa Haus University of Bayreuth. Bennett, Bruce and Laurie Lockwood.“Colin Johnson: An Interview”, Westerly, 1975 ( 03 ) : 33-37.
Jillett, Neil.“A Marxist in a Saffron Robe”, Age, 1979 ( 09-02 ) : 23. Kerr, David and Phillip Edmonds.“Recipe for a Writer”Bulletin Library Supplement, 1984 ( 06-26 ) 74-76.
Little, Jannie“A Conversation with Mudrooroo ( interview with Mudrooroo, Australian Aboriginal literary expert )”Hecate 1993(19): 143.
“Mudrooroo Narogin: Writer”, in Liz Thompton, ed., Aboriginal Voices: Contemporary Aboriginal Artists, Writers and Performers, Sydney : Simon & Schuster, 1990 : 55-59.
Williamson, John and Ron Rudolphy.“Interview with Mudrooroo Narogin ( Colin Johnson )”, Westerly, 1985 ( 02 ) : 83-89. Works by Sally Morgan a) Novels and Non-Fiction.
Morgan, Sally My Place. Perth: Fremantle Arts Center Press, 1987.
——Wanamurraganya: The Story of Jack McPhee. Perth: Fremantle Arts Center Press, 1989.
——The Flying Emu and Other Australian Stories. Victoria: Puffin Books, Penguin Group (Australia) 1992.
——Speaking from the Heart: Stories of Life, Family and Country. Ed. Sally Morgan, Tjalanminu Mia, and Blaze Kwaymullina. Perth: Fremantle Arts Centre Press. 2007. b) Interviews
Bird, Delys. Dennis Haskell“Interview with Sally Morgan”. Whose Place? A Study of Sally Morgan’s My Place. Sydney, New South Wales: Angus & Robertson: an Imprint of HarperCollins Publishers. 1992. Works by Alexis Wright a) Novels and Non-Fiction.
Wright, Alexis. Carpentaria. Sydney: Giramondo Publishing Company. 2006.
——Grog War. Broome: Magabala Books Aboriginal Corporation. 1997.
——Plains of Promise. St. Lucia, Queensland: University of Queensland Press. 1997. b) Articles
Wright, Alexis.“On Writing Carpentaria”, Heat. 2006 (13):1-17.
——“Breaking Taboo”at the Tasmanian Readers’and Writers’Festival, September 1998. c) Interviews O’Brien, Kerry.“Alexis Wright interview.”Hecate 2007 (33.1): 215–219. Ravenscroft, Alison.“Politics of Exposure: An Interview with Alexis Wright.”Meridian 17.1 (1998): 75–80. Vernay, Jean-Francois.“An Interview with Alexis Wright.”Antipodes 2004 (18.2): 119–122. Secondary Source
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Anderson, Eric Gary.“The Presence of Early Native Studies: A Response to Stephanie Fitzgerald and Hilary E. Wyss”American Literary History 2001(02): 280-288.
Arendt, Hannah. The Human Condition. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1958.
Ariss, R.“Writing Black: The Construction of an Aboriginal Discourse”Past and Present: The Construction of Aboriginality. Ed. J.R. Beckett. Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press. 1988: 131-146
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Ashcroft, Bill, Frances Devlin-Glass, Lyn McCredden. Intimate Horizon: the Postcolonial Sacred in Australian Literature. Sydney: ATF Press ( Australasian Theological Forum Ltd.) 2009.
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Bennett, Bruce, Jennifer Strauss, Chris Wallace-Crabbe. The Oxford Literary Historyof Australia. South Melbourne, Australia: Oxford University Press. 1998. Bennett, Bruce, Laurie Lockwood.“Colin Johnson: An Interview”Westerly, 1975 ( 03 ) : 33-37.
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Clark, Maureen.“Reality Rights in the Wildcat Trilogy”. Mongrel Signature: Reflections on the Work of Mudrooroo ed., Annalisa Oboe, Amsterdam: Rodopi 2003.
——Mudrooroo: A Likely Story, Identity and Belonging in Postcolonial Australia PhD dissertation of University of Wollongong, 2004.
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Foucault, Michel. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of Prison. London: Allen Lane, 1977.
Galeano, Eduardo. Genesis. London: Methuen, 1987.
Gare, Nene. Patricia Crawford.“Sally Morgan’s My Place——Two Views”, Westerly, 1987 ( 02) : 79-84.
Garimara, Nugi (Pilkington, Doris )“Interviewed by Chris Watson.”Hecate 2002 (01): 23-38.
Gillard, Gary.“Mudrooroo Nyoongar,‘Passing for white passing for black: an ideological con-pro-testation’( Written version )”The Australian Journal of Media & Culture, 1994 ( 02 )
Ginibi, Rubi Langford. My Bandjalung People. St. Lucia, Queensland: University of Queensland Press, 1994
Glass, Frances Devlin.“Review Essay: Alexis Wright’s Carpentaria”Antipodes: Journal of American Association of Australian Literature 2007 (06) : 82- 84.
Graham, Mary.“Some Thoughts about the Philosophical Underpinnings of Aboriginal Worldviews”Australian Humanities Review 2009 (45) : 181-194.
Grossman, Michelle.“When they write what we read: Unsettling indigenous Australian life-writing.”Australian Humanities Review 2006(39-40) (September).
Hall, Stuart.“Ethnicity: Identity and Difference.”Radical America. 1989. 23:9–20. ——“New Ethnicities.”Stuart Hall: Critical Dialogues in Cultural Studies. Ed. David Morley and Kuan-Hsing Chen. London: Routledge, 1996. 441-49.
Heiss, Anita, Peter Minter. Macquarie Pen Anthology of Aboriginal Literature. Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 2008.
Hergenhan, Laurie, Bruce Bennett, et.al. The Penguin New Literary History of Australia. Ringwood, Victoria : Penguin Books Australia Ltd. 1988.
Hills, Edward.“What Country, Friends, Is This? Sally Morgan’s My Place Revisited.”Journal of Commonwealth Literature. 1987 (32.2): 99-112.
Hooton, J. Stories of Herself When Young. Melbourne: Oxford University Press.1990.
Huggan, Graham.“Post-colonialism, Anthropology, and the Magic of Mimesis”Cultural Critique 1997-1998 ( 38 ): 91-106.
——“Decolonizing the Map”in The Post-colonial Studies Reader( second edition), Bill Ashcroft, et at (ed.) London: Routledge, 2006.
Kehinde, Ayo.“Post-Colonial Literature as Counter-Discourse: J.M. Coetze’s Foe and the Reworking the Canon”. Journal of African Literature and Culture. 2007: 33-57.
Kern, Edith.“Drama Stripped for Inaction: Beckett’s Godot”, Yale French Studies, 1954 (14): 41-47.
King, Alec.“Untitled Review”Westerly, 1965 ( 05 ): 70-71
Langton, Marcia.“Well I Heard It On the Radio and I Saw It On Television…”. North Sydney: Australian Film Commission, 1993.
Lawhead, William F. The Philosophical Journey: An Interactive Approach. New York: McGraw-hill Higher Education, 2000.
Levy, Bronwen.“Writing Someone/ Somewhere Else”Story Telling: The Woodford Forum. ed. Bronwen Levy, Ffion Murphy. St Lucia, Queensland: University of Queensland Press. 2001: 233-240
Little, Jannie.“A Conversation with Mudrooroo”( interview with Mudrooroo, Australian Aboriginal literary expert)”Hecate 1993 ( 01 ) : 143.
Lovell, Melissa.“Settler Colonialism, Multiculturalism and the Politics of Postcolonial Identity”. APSA Conference at Monash University, Melbourne. 2007.
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Mateer, John.“To Mudrooroo”Antipodes 2000 ( 14.2 ): 107.
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——Ancient and Modern: Time, Culture and Indigenous Philosophy. Sydney: University of New South Wales Press, 2005.
——“Aboriginal Literature and the Repressive Hypothesis.”Southerly: A Review of Australian Literature 1988(04): 405-418.
Nakachi, Sachi. Mixed Race Identity Politics in Nella Larsen and Winnifred Eaton ( Onoto Watanna). PhD Dissertation in Ohio University 2001.
Newman, Joan.“Reader-response to Transcribed Oral Narratives: A Fortunate Life and My Place.”Southerly. 1988 (04): 376-389.
Oboe, Annalisa ( ed.). Mongrel Signatures: Reflections on the work of Mudrooroo, Amsterdam and New York: Rodopi. 2003.
O’Connor, Terry.“A Question of Race”, The Courier Mail. page 24,28 March, 1998 . Pack, Uraina N.“‘Oh! The pity of it! In the land of the free and the home of the brave’: Tricksterism and True Womanhood in the Slave Narratives of Harriet Jacobs and Lucy Delaney”, Literature, Language and Linguistics Volume 3, 2009 ( 01 ).
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——Mudrooroo:A Critical Study, Sydney : Collins/ Angus & Robertson, 1993. ——“Hard Dreams and Indigenous Worlds in Australia’s North”Hecate 2008 (34.1): 55–61.
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—“Post-colonial Literatures and Counter-discourse”. Kunapipi 1987 ( 03 ) : 17-34. Trees, Kathryn.“Counter-Memories: History and Identity in Aboriginal Literature”, Whose Place eds. Delys Bird and Dennis Haskell. Sydney: Angus & Robertson. 1992: 55-65.
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