论色彩原型对人类认知发展的影响
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摘要
为了寻求舒适的生存的空间,为了得到安全宁静的生活环境,人类不断地接近自然,依赖自然。因而,由不同色彩组成的自然界深深地影响着人类对世界和自我的认知发展。时至今日,无论从视觉效果、物质享受,还是精神寄托,乃至社会形象等等,都离不开各种色彩原型对人类认知发展的影响。
色彩原型贮藏在人类大脑集体无意识里,是对自然界各种色彩所反映的一系列原始性心理意象。色彩原型源自于百万年前人类先民对原始物质世界的感知；不同色彩的事物反复作用于人类先民的眼睛和大脑,使其对不同的色彩有了原始认知,而色彩原型随着认知的改变不断被赋予新的内涵。从初步的原始物质世界的认知,到图腾的产生、神话的发展,再到宗教的传播,色彩原型经历了不同的发展阶段。
本文在卡尔·荣格的原型理论及其集体无意识理论的基础上,提出了色彩原型的概念,并追溯到百万年前人类先民的生物与心理进化,从他们当时的生活环境和原始感知入手,分析了色彩原型的形成,以及在人类心智逐渐进步的同时,对色彩丰富的自然界态度的转变。从人类初民的身心经历出发,色彩原型经历了以生存为基础,满足食物和性欲需求的生物性物质发展阶段,到以精神需求为基础的求安的生物性精神发展阶段,以及人类认知得到充分发展、语言开始出现后的文化性发展阶段。色彩原型在人类各种图腾崇拜,仪式活动,神话创作和宗教信仰等活动中得到不同的新意义与内涵。
本文第一章简述了相关原型理论的提出和发展,并对色彩原型的定义和种类做出界定,简要分析了早期人类认知发展的过程。第二章详细分析了生物性色彩原型在早期人类认知发展过程中的形成和发展。第三章进一步阐释了文化性色彩原型在人类语言和文化均得到快速发展时随着人类认知发展而发展的过程。最后,本文指出该文的主要发现和研究色彩原型的意义,并提出了一些对未来研究的建议。
In order to search for enough living space and get safe and peaceful living environment, humans constantly approach to nature and depend upon nature, so the natural world that are composed by different colors deeply impacts on human cognitive development towards the world and selfhood. Until nowadays, human cognitive development is still influenced by diverse color archetypes from not only visual effects and physical enjoyment, but also spiritual support and public images.
Color archetypes, stored in human brain under collective unconscious, are a set of primitive psychological images which are some colors of natural objects coming from natural world. Color archetypes are dated back to the first perception towards the primitive world produced by hominids for millions of years. Diverse colorful objects repeatedly act on hominids' eyes and brains, which brings them primitive cognition to various colors and bestows new meanings of color archetypes with the changes of human cognition. Color archetypes experience different stages from the first cognition of the primitive and physical world to the birth of totems to the development of myths then to the propagation of religions.
Based on Carl Jung's archetypal theory and his collective unconscious, this thesis puts up forward with its definition of color archetypes and analyzes their formation that dates back to millions of years ago with the biological and psychological evolution of human ancestors, according to their living condition and their primitive perception, and their attitude changes towards the colorful natural world with the improvement of human psychology and intelligence. Start from embodied experiences of the earliest human ancestors, color archetypes underwent the biological and physical stage which was based on their survival and the need of food and sex, the biological and spiritual stage that is based on the spiritual need and searching safety, as well as the cultural stage when human cognition got completely developed and language began to appear. Color archetypes are bestowed with different new significance and meanings which are formed in various human activities of totem warships, ritual, mythological creation and religious believes, when human beings have gradually improved their intelligence and changed attitudes their towards the colorful world.
Chapter One in this thesis generally introduced the raise and development of the relative archetypal theory, and defined the definition and kinds of color archetypes, and analyzed the development of the earliest human cognition. Chapter Two analyzed the formation and development of biological color archetypes with the early human cognitive development in detail. Chapter Three further illustrated cultural color archetypes with human cognitive development when human language and culture were all got fast developed. Finally, this thesis came to the conclusion and pointed out its main findings and the significance of studying color archetypes with some further study suggestions.
色彩原型贮藏在人类大脑集体无意识里,是对自然界各种色彩所反映的一系列原始性心理意象。色彩原型源自于百万年前人类先民对原始物质世界的感知；不同色彩的事物反复作用于人类先民的眼睛和大脑,使其对不同的色彩有了原始认知,而色彩原型随着认知的改变不断被赋予新的内涵。从初步的原始物质世界的认知,到图腾的产生、神话的发展,再到宗教的传播,色彩原型经历了不同的发展阶段。
本文在卡尔·荣格的原型理论及其集体无意识理论的基础上,提出了色彩原型的概念,并追溯到百万年前人类先民的生物与心理进化,从他们当时的生活环境和原始感知入手,分析了色彩原型的形成,以及在人类心智逐渐进步的同时,对色彩丰富的自然界态度的转变。从人类初民的身心经历出发,色彩原型经历了以生存为基础,满足食物和性欲需求的生物性物质发展阶段,到以精神需求为基础的求安的生物性精神发展阶段,以及人类认知得到充分发展、语言开始出现后的文化性发展阶段。色彩原型在人类各种图腾崇拜,仪式活动,神话创作和宗教信仰等活动中得到不同的新意义与内涵。
本文第一章简述了相关原型理论的提出和发展,并对色彩原型的定义和种类做出界定,简要分析了早期人类认知发展的过程。第二章详细分析了生物性色彩原型在早期人类认知发展过程中的形成和发展。第三章进一步阐释了文化性色彩原型在人类语言和文化均得到快速发展时随着人类认知发展而发展的过程。最后,本文指出该文的主要发现和研究色彩原型的意义,并提出了一些对未来研究的建议。
In order to search for enough living space and get safe and peaceful living environment, humans constantly approach to nature and depend upon nature, so the natural world that are composed by different colors deeply impacts on human cognitive development towards the world and selfhood. Until nowadays, human cognitive development is still influenced by diverse color archetypes from not only visual effects and physical enjoyment, but also spiritual support and public images.
Color archetypes, stored in human brain under collective unconscious, are a set of primitive psychological images which are some colors of natural objects coming from natural world. Color archetypes are dated back to the first perception towards the primitive world produced by hominids for millions of years. Diverse colorful objects repeatedly act on hominids' eyes and brains, which brings them primitive cognition to various colors and bestows new meanings of color archetypes with the changes of human cognition. Color archetypes experience different stages from the first cognition of the primitive and physical world to the birth of totems to the development of myths then to the propagation of religions.
Based on Carl Jung's archetypal theory and his collective unconscious, this thesis puts up forward with its definition of color archetypes and analyzes their formation that dates back to millions of years ago with the biological and psychological evolution of human ancestors, according to their living condition and their primitive perception, and their attitude changes towards the colorful natural world with the improvement of human psychology and intelligence. Start from embodied experiences of the earliest human ancestors, color archetypes underwent the biological and physical stage which was based on their survival and the need of food and sex, the biological and spiritual stage that is based on the spiritual need and searching safety, as well as the cultural stage when human cognition got completely developed and language began to appear. Color archetypes are bestowed with different new significance and meanings which are formed in various human activities of totem warships, ritual, mythological creation and religious believes, when human beings have gradually improved their intelligence and changed attitudes their towards the colorful world.
Chapter One in this thesis generally introduced the raise and development of the relative archetypal theory, and defined the definition and kinds of color archetypes, and analyzed the development of the earliest human cognition. Chapter Two analyzed the formation and development of biological color archetypes with the early human cognitive development in detail. Chapter Three further illustrated cultural color archetypes with human cognitive development when human language and culture were all got fast developed. Finally, this thesis came to the conclusion and pointed out its main findings and the significance of studying color archetypes with some further study suggestions.
引文
Binford, R. Lewis. Constructing Frames of Reference----An Analytical Method for Archaeological Theory Building using Hunter-Gatherer and Environmental Data Sets. Canada:University of California Press,2001.
Collard, Mark. "Grades and Transitions in Human Evolution". The Speciation of Modern Homo Sapiens, edited by Tim J. Crow. Oxford:Oxford University Press,2002.
Holloway, L. Ralph. "Toward a Synthetic Theory of Human Brain Evolution". Origins of the Human Brain, edited by Jean-Pierre Changeux and Jean Chavaillon. Oxford:Clarendon Press,1995.
Jung, Carl. The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious. Beijing:China Social Sciences Publishing House,1999.
Mellars, Paul. "Archaeology and the Origins of Modern Humans:European and African Perspectives". The Speciation of Modern Homo Sapiens, edited by Tim J. Crow. Oxford: Oxford University Press,2002.
Stringer, Chris. "The Morphological and Behavioural Origins of Modern Humans". The Speciation of Modern Homo Sapiens, edited by Tim J. Crow. Oxford:Oxford University Press,2002.
Tattersall, Ian. "the Case for Saltational Events in Human Evolution". The Speciation of Modern Homo Sapiens, edited by Tim J. Crow. Oxford:Oxford University Press,2002.
Tobias, V. Phillip. "The Brain of the First Hominids". Origins of the Human Brain, edited by Jean-Pierre Changeux and Jean Chavaillon. Oxford:Clarendon Press,1995.
程金城(Cheng Jincheng).原型批判与重释.北京：东方出版社,1998.
[澳]约翰·C·埃克尔斯(Eccles, C. John).脑的进化：自我意识的创生.上海：上海世纪出版集团,2007.
[英]凯伦·法林顿(Farrington, Karen).宗教的历史.广州：希望出版社,2005.
费多益(Fei Duoyi).寓身认知心理学.上海：上海教育出版社,2010.
[苏]Д.E.海通(XaйTyH Д. E.).何星亮译.图腾崇拜.桂林：广西师范大学出版社,2004.
霍尔(Hall, Stuart).荣格心理学入门.三联书店,1987.
哈拉尔德·布拉尔姆(Harald B.).色彩的魔力.陈兆,译.安徽人民出版社,2003.
[德]爱娃·海勒(Heller, Eva).色彩的文化.北京：中央编译出版,2004.
马新国(Ma Xinguo).西方文论史(修订版).北京：高等教育出版社,2003.
[美]约翰·B.诺斯,戴维·S.诺斯(Noss,B.John,Noss,S.David)著.人类的宗教.成都：四川出版集团四川人民出版社,2005.
青沙(Qing Sha)编著.众神的天空.成都：四川出版集团四川人民出版社,2007.
王德保(Wang Debao).神话的由来.北京：中国人民大学出版社,2004.
王勇(Wang Yong)等.中国世界图腾文化.北京：时事出版社,2007.
杨健吾(Yang Jianwu).中国民间色彩民俗.重庆：重庆出版社,2010.
杨俊峰(Yang Junfeng).图腾崇拜文化.北京：大众文艺出版社,2000.
Collard, Mark. "Grades and Transitions in Human Evolution". The Speciation of Modern Homo Sapiens, edited by Tim J. Crow. Oxford:Oxford University Press,2002.
Holloway, L. Ralph. "Toward a Synthetic Theory of Human Brain Evolution". Origins of the Human Brain, edited by Jean-Pierre Changeux and Jean Chavaillon. Oxford:Clarendon Press,1995.
Jung, Carl. The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious. Beijing:China Social Sciences Publishing House,1999.
Mellars, Paul. "Archaeology and the Origins of Modern Humans:European and African Perspectives". The Speciation of Modern Homo Sapiens, edited by Tim J. Crow. Oxford: Oxford University Press,2002.
Stringer, Chris. "The Morphological and Behavioural Origins of Modern Humans". The Speciation of Modern Homo Sapiens, edited by Tim J. Crow. Oxford:Oxford University Press,2002.
Tattersall, Ian. "the Case for Saltational Events in Human Evolution". The Speciation of Modern Homo Sapiens, edited by Tim J. Crow. Oxford:Oxford University Press,2002.
Tobias, V. Phillip. "The Brain of the First Hominids". Origins of the Human Brain, edited by Jean-Pierre Changeux and Jean Chavaillon. Oxford:Clarendon Press,1995.
程金城(Cheng Jincheng).原型批判与重释.北京：东方出版社,1998.
[澳]约翰·C·埃克尔斯(Eccles, C. John).脑的进化：自我意识的创生.上海：上海世纪出版集团,2007.
[英]凯伦·法林顿(Farrington, Karen).宗教的历史.广州：希望出版社,2005.
费多益(Fei Duoyi).寓身认知心理学.上海：上海教育出版社,2010.
[苏]Д.E.海通(XaйTyH Д. E.).何星亮译.图腾崇拜.桂林：广西师范大学出版社,2004.
霍尔(Hall, Stuart).荣格心理学入门.三联书店,1987.
哈拉尔德·布拉尔姆(Harald B.).色彩的魔力.陈兆,译.安徽人民出版社,2003.
[德]爱娃·海勒(Heller, Eva).色彩的文化.北京：中央编译出版,2004.
马新国(Ma Xinguo).西方文论史(修订版).北京：高等教育出版社,2003.
[美]约翰·B.诺斯,戴维·S.诺斯(Noss,B.John,Noss,S.David)著.人类的宗教.成都：四川出版集团四川人民出版社,2005.
青沙(Qing Sha)编著.众神的天空.成都：四川出版集团四川人民出版社,2007.
王德保(Wang Debao).神话的由来.北京：中国人民大学出版社,2004.
王勇(Wang Yong)等.中国世界图腾文化.北京：时事出版社,2007.
杨健吾(Yang Jianwu).中国民间色彩民俗.重庆：重庆出版社,2010.
杨俊峰(Yang Junfeng).图腾崇拜文化.北京：大众文艺出版社,2000.