输配分离市场模式下供电公司电价模型的研究
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摘要
电力市场深化改革的目的就是要实现发电、输电、配电和用电全面竞争,实现配电竞争、开放配电网是电力改革的一个关键环节。为了加快电力改革、促进电力市场健康有序发展,研究输配分离市场模式下配电电价模型意义重大。本论文先综述了国内外电力市场发展及电价理论现状,然后阐述了本文所做的工作。接着文中给出了本文研究电价模型的理论研究基础,详细地阐述与分析了输配电定价的两种常用方法,即综合成本法和边际成本法,并对二者之间的优缺点进行了比较,同时,文中还对供电网络的经济特性做了具体阐述,指出供电公司必须要受到管制,并给出了目前国内外的管制方案。
本文重点对供电公司的成本进行了分析,将其分为固定成本和变动成本两类,然后提出了集成定价思想,即对供电公司的固定成本采用综合成本定价法,按最大需量进行分摊,而对变动成本则采用基于边际成本定价法的实时电价并进行实时分摊,两者有效结合即得出供电公司电价模型。该模型可称为集成定价法下的节点电价模型,可以应用于实时电价、分时电价和远期合同电价。其中,文中对供电网损分摊进行了重点阐述,提出了利用交易一损失矩阵来分摊供电网损及其损失费用。
其次,本文在具体分析各种管制方法对于我国电力市场环境下、尤其是在输配分离市场模式下的适用性后,提出了一种基于优化组合的供电公司电价管制模型,该模型基于基准管制、价格上限管制与奖惩激励机制的有效组合,不仅考虑了不同供电企业的消费水平及物价水平之间的差异性,也考虑了其规模性、环境差异等特性,同时结合了价格上限管制方法,并引进了奖惩激励机制,可以非常有效地促使供电公司努力降低成本、提高自身效率,并加强相同省内各供电公司相互之间的竞争。该管制模型不仅适用于省内各地区供电公司的价格管制,也适用于大区内各省供电公司的价格管制。
最后,本论文在总结前面研究供电公司自身制定的电价模型及政府监管部门对其进行管制的电价模型之后,提出了供电公司的综合电价模型,该模型不仅含有供电公司自身制定的电价模型,也含有管制部门的管制电价模型。文中也给出了算例,说明了该模型的具体应用。
The purpose for reforming electric power is to realize complete competition in generation, transmission, distribution and demands. Competing in distribution and opening distribution network has been a keystone in the process of power markets. It is most important to study distribution price model under the market separation between transmission and distribution for accelerating power reform and promoting order and healthy development of power market. This paper first formulates the present status of developing power markets and price theories in our country and foreign countries, and expounds the main works in this paper. Then, this paper presents the theory base for studying price model, detailed analyzing two pricing methods for transmission and distribution pricing which are embedded costs pricing method and marginal costs pricing method, and compares their merits and deficiencies in detail. At the same time, the paper also analyses economic characteristic of distribution network, illustrates that distribution company must be regulated by regulator and presents current regulation methods in our country and foreign countries.This paper focuses on analyzing distribution company costs and sorts them into two types, which are fixed costs and variable costs. Then an integrating pricing method is being presented, for distribution company, that applying embedded costs pricing method in fixed costs and according to maximum demands to allocate while applying marginal costs pricing method in variable costs and allocating them by spot prices. Integrating the two sides effectively, we acquire distribution price model. The model may be called nodal price model based on integrating pricing method, which can be applied in any of spot, time-of-use, and future contract electricity price. This paper, in which, specially presents the allocation foe distribution network and proposes a transaction-loss matrix to allocate distribution losses and their costs.Next, this paper analyzes each regulation method and its applicability for our power market environments, particularly for the market separation model between transmission and distribution, then proposes a price regulation model for distribution company based on optimum combination. This method is based on efficient combination for benchmark regulation, price cap regulation and incentive and penalty excitation mechanism, considering the differences not only in standards of consumption and price indices, but also in scales and environments of each area. At the meantime,
this model integrates with price cap method and introduces incentive and penalty excitation mechanism, promoting distribution company effectively to reduce its costs and increase its efficiency, and intensifying mutual competition for each distribution company in the same province. The model is not only applied to the price regulation for distribution companies in the same province, but also to distribution companies in the larger region.At last, this paper generalizes the price model established by distribution company itself and the price regulation model set up by regulator, then proposes a integrating price model for distribution company. The model not only considers the price model established by distribution company itself, but also includes the price regulation model set up by regulator. This paper also presents some examples, demonstrating the application of the price model.
本文重点对供电公司的成本进行了分析,将其分为固定成本和变动成本两类,然后提出了集成定价思想,即对供电公司的固定成本采用综合成本定价法,按最大需量进行分摊,而对变动成本则采用基于边际成本定价法的实时电价并进行实时分摊,两者有效结合即得出供电公司电价模型。该模型可称为集成定价法下的节点电价模型,可以应用于实时电价、分时电价和远期合同电价。其中,文中对供电网损分摊进行了重点阐述,提出了利用交易一损失矩阵来分摊供电网损及其损失费用。
其次,本文在具体分析各种管制方法对于我国电力市场环境下、尤其是在输配分离市场模式下的适用性后,提出了一种基于优化组合的供电公司电价管制模型,该模型基于基准管制、价格上限管制与奖惩激励机制的有效组合,不仅考虑了不同供电企业的消费水平及物价水平之间的差异性,也考虑了其规模性、环境差异等特性,同时结合了价格上限管制方法,并引进了奖惩激励机制,可以非常有效地促使供电公司努力降低成本、提高自身效率,并加强相同省内各供电公司相互之间的竞争。该管制模型不仅适用于省内各地区供电公司的价格管制,也适用于大区内各省供电公司的价格管制。
最后,本论文在总结前面研究供电公司自身制定的电价模型及政府监管部门对其进行管制的电价模型之后,提出了供电公司的综合电价模型,该模型不仅含有供电公司自身制定的电价模型,也含有管制部门的管制电价模型。文中也给出了算例,说明了该模型的具体应用。
The purpose for reforming electric power is to realize complete competition in generation, transmission, distribution and demands. Competing in distribution and opening distribution network has been a keystone in the process of power markets. It is most important to study distribution price model under the market separation between transmission and distribution for accelerating power reform and promoting order and healthy development of power market. This paper first formulates the present status of developing power markets and price theories in our country and foreign countries, and expounds the main works in this paper. Then, this paper presents the theory base for studying price model, detailed analyzing two pricing methods for transmission and distribution pricing which are embedded costs pricing method and marginal costs pricing method, and compares their merits and deficiencies in detail. At the same time, the paper also analyses economic characteristic of distribution network, illustrates that distribution company must be regulated by regulator and presents current regulation methods in our country and foreign countries.This paper focuses on analyzing distribution company costs and sorts them into two types, which are fixed costs and variable costs. Then an integrating pricing method is being presented, for distribution company, that applying embedded costs pricing method in fixed costs and according to maximum demands to allocate while applying marginal costs pricing method in variable costs and allocating them by spot prices. Integrating the two sides effectively, we acquire distribution price model. The model may be called nodal price model based on integrating pricing method, which can be applied in any of spot, time-of-use, and future contract electricity price. This paper, in which, specially presents the allocation foe distribution network and proposes a transaction-loss matrix to allocate distribution losses and their costs.Next, this paper analyzes each regulation method and its applicability for our power market environments, particularly for the market separation model between transmission and distribution, then proposes a price regulation model for distribution company based on optimum combination. This method is based on efficient combination for benchmark regulation, price cap regulation and incentive and penalty excitation mechanism, considering the differences not only in standards of consumption and price indices, but also in scales and environments of each area. At the meantime,
this model integrates with price cap method and introduces incentive and penalty excitation mechanism, promoting distribution company effectively to reduce its costs and increase its efficiency, and intensifying mutual competition for each distribution company in the same province. The model is not only applied to the price regulation for distribution companies in the same province, but also to distribution companies in the larger region.At last, this paper generalizes the price model established by distribution company itself and the price regulation model set up by regulator, then proposes a integrating price model for distribution company. The model not only considers the price model established by distribution company itself, but also includes the price regulation model set up by regulator. This paper also presents some examples, demonstrating the application of the price model.
引文
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