预处理SiC粒子增强Ni-P合金化学复合镀工艺及性能研究
|
摘要
Ni-P-SiC化学复合镀是在化学镀溶液中加入不溶性的SiC粒子,使其分散于溶液中,实现SiC粒子与基质金属的共沉积,制备硬度高、耐磨性好的复合镀层的一种化学复合镀技术。复合镀层性能的优劣取决于粒子在镀层中的分布和复合量等因素,而粒子能否共沉积取决于粒子在化学镀液中的分散程度。然而如何使SiC粒子较好的分散于溶液中,一直是人们研究的热点。
采用盐酸活化、加入表面活性剂和预镀三种手段对SiC粒子进行了预处理,改变了SiC粒子的表面状态,并将经过上述三种处理的SiC粒子分别加入到化学镀液中进行复合镀试验。用XJP-6A型金相显微镜进行了镀层外观和镀层金相组织的观察,用弯曲试验法测定了镀层与基体的结合力,用HVS1000型数显显微硬度计测定了镀层的显微硬度,用贴滤纸法测定了镀层的孔隙率,用SEM和EDS对镀层的形貌和元素组成进行了分析。结果表明,预处理过的SiC粒子在Ni-P-SiC化学复合镀中较好地实现了SiC粒子在化学镀溶液中的分散,粒子在镀层中分布均匀,粒子的复合量良好;其中预镀后所得到的复合镀层性能最优良。
对MPX-2000型盘销式摩擦磨损试验机进行了改装,使其对耐磨性的测试更加便捷、高效。用改装后的摩擦磨损试验机对SiC粒子未经处理所得到的复合镀层、SiC粒子经盐酸活化处理所得到的复合镀层、SiC粒子经表面活性剂处理所得到的复合镀层、SiC粒子经预镀处理所得到的复合镀层的耐磨性进行了试验,研究了镀层耐磨的原因及磨损机理。结果表明添加经预镀处理后SiC粒子后所得到的复合镀层耐磨性更优。
Ni-P-SiC composite plating is a technology to form composite coatings with high hardness and high wear resistance, in which insoluble SiC particles are added and dispersed in plating solution to realize the codeposition of SiC particles and Ni-P base metal. The performances of composite coatings depend on many factors such as the distribution of particles and the particles content in composite coatings, while the particle deposition depends on the dispersion of particles in the chemical plating bath. But how to get a good deposition of SiC particles in the solution still remains a focus for researchers.
Three pretreatment methods such as HCl activation, surface active agents and pre-plating are used to change the surface morphology of SiC particles, and then composite plating experiments are performed by adding the particles into composite plating solution, respectively. The appearance and microstructure of coatings are observed by XJP-6A type metallurgical microscope. The bonding strength between coatings and the matrix is determined by bending tests. The micro hardness of coatings is measured by HVS1000 type digital micro hardness tester. The porosities of coatings are determined by posts filter paper method. The morphology of coatings is observed by SEM, and elements were analyzed by EDS. Results show that, better dispersion of SiC particles in the chemical plating solution are achieved by adding the pretreated SiC particles using all the three methods into Ni-P-SiC composite plating. The particles are evenly distributed in coatings and better composite quantities are obtained. Among the three methods, the plating coatings obtained by adding pre-plating particles have the best performance.
The MPX-2000 type plate pin friction and abrasion tester is modified, which made the abrasion test of the tester more convenient and efficient. The wear resistances of composite coatings obtained with different treatment methods are tested by this modified tester. The cause of coatings with good abrasion performance and the abrasion mechanism of the coatings are investigated. Comparison between test results indicates that the composite coatings with the best wear resistance are obtained by adding pre-plating SiC particles.
采用盐酸活化、加入表面活性剂和预镀三种手段对SiC粒子进行了预处理,改变了SiC粒子的表面状态,并将经过上述三种处理的SiC粒子分别加入到化学镀液中进行复合镀试验。用XJP-6A型金相显微镜进行了镀层外观和镀层金相组织的观察,用弯曲试验法测定了镀层与基体的结合力,用HVS1000型数显显微硬度计测定了镀层的显微硬度,用贴滤纸法测定了镀层的孔隙率,用SEM和EDS对镀层的形貌和元素组成进行了分析。结果表明,预处理过的SiC粒子在Ni-P-SiC化学复合镀中较好地实现了SiC粒子在化学镀溶液中的分散,粒子在镀层中分布均匀,粒子的复合量良好;其中预镀后所得到的复合镀层性能最优良。
对MPX-2000型盘销式摩擦磨损试验机进行了改装,使其对耐磨性的测试更加便捷、高效。用改装后的摩擦磨损试验机对SiC粒子未经处理所得到的复合镀层、SiC粒子经盐酸活化处理所得到的复合镀层、SiC粒子经表面活性剂处理所得到的复合镀层、SiC粒子经预镀处理所得到的复合镀层的耐磨性进行了试验,研究了镀层耐磨的原因及磨损机理。结果表明添加经预镀处理后SiC粒子后所得到的复合镀层耐磨性更优。
Ni-P-SiC composite plating is a technology to form composite coatings with high hardness and high wear resistance, in which insoluble SiC particles are added and dispersed in plating solution to realize the codeposition of SiC particles and Ni-P base metal. The performances of composite coatings depend on many factors such as the distribution of particles and the particles content in composite coatings, while the particle deposition depends on the dispersion of particles in the chemical plating bath. But how to get a good deposition of SiC particles in the solution still remains a focus for researchers.
Three pretreatment methods such as HCl activation, surface active agents and pre-plating are used to change the surface morphology of SiC particles, and then composite plating experiments are performed by adding the particles into composite plating solution, respectively. The appearance and microstructure of coatings are observed by XJP-6A type metallurgical microscope. The bonding strength between coatings and the matrix is determined by bending tests. The micro hardness of coatings is measured by HVS1000 type digital micro hardness tester. The porosities of coatings are determined by posts filter paper method. The morphology of coatings is observed by SEM, and elements were analyzed by EDS. Results show that, better dispersion of SiC particles in the chemical plating solution are achieved by adding the pretreated SiC particles using all the three methods into Ni-P-SiC composite plating. The particles are evenly distributed in coatings and better composite quantities are obtained. Among the three methods, the plating coatings obtained by adding pre-plating particles have the best performance.
The MPX-2000 type plate pin friction and abrasion tester is modified, which made the abrasion test of the tester more convenient and efficient. The wear resistances of composite coatings obtained with different treatment methods are tested by this modified tester. The cause of coatings with good abrasion performance and the abrasion mechanism of the coatings are investigated. Comparison between test results indicates that the composite coatings with the best wear resistance are obtained by adding pre-plating SiC particles.
引文
[1]胡传昕.表面处理技术手册[M].北京:北京工业大学出版社,1997:22-23
[2]罗守福.化学镀镍[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,1996:7-8
[3]胡信国.无机颗粒的共沉积机理[J].电镀与精饰,1995,17(3):3
[4]仵亚婷,沈彬,刘磊,等.化学复合镀的研究现状及镀层的应用[J].电镀与涂饰,2005,24(1):58-64
[5]蔡连淑,程秀,揭晓华,等.Ni-P-SiC(纳米)化学复合镀工艺的研究[J].表面技术,2003, 32 (5):38-45
[6]徐滨士,刘世参.材料表面工程[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005:5
[7]菅沼荣一,丹野裕司,中野正博,等.表面技术[M].1998,49:643
[8]于杨,解念锁.先进表面工程技术及应用研究[J].科技创新导报,2009,31:78
[9]赵文轸.材料表面工程导论[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1998:7-8
[10]曲敬信,王泓宏.表面工程手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1998:662-664
[11]李鹏兴,林行方.表面工程[M].上海:上海交通大学工业出版社,1998:88-90
[12]阎洪.金属表面处理新技术[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1996:22-23
[13]谭昌瑶,王钧石.实用表面工程技术[M].北京:新时代出版社,1998:3-4
[14]徐滨士.表面工程的应用与展望[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:337-357
[15]曾晓雁,吴懿平.表面工程学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2001:10-11
[16]张小诚.新型材料与表面改性技术[M].广州:华南理工大学出版社,1990:25-26
[17]黄守伦.实用化学热处理与表面强化新技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002:236-257
[18]孙秋霞.材料腐蚀与防护[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2001:1-2
[19]钱苗根,姚寿山,张少宗.现代表面技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1994:15-17
[20]刘江南.金属表面工程学[M].北京:兵器工业出版社,1995:1-3
[21]李国英.表面工程手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1998:5-6
[22]刘家俊,周平安,孙希泰,等.材料耐磨抗蚀及其表面技术概论[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1986:331-332
[23]赵鹏,王维德.化学镀镍技术及其研究进展[J].材料与表面处理技术,2007,10:100-102
[24]徐志刚.化学镀镍及其在航空工业中的应用[J].航空工艺技术,1997,(1):15-16
[25]胡文彬.难镀基材化学镀镍技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003:1-4
[26]李淑苓,李谷松,丁炳哲,等.几种复合镀层的研究[J].表面技术,1993,22(1):15-16
[27] K. Hari Krishnan, S. John, K. N. Srinivasan, et.al. An overall aspect of electroless Ni-P depositions a review article[J]. Metallurgical and Materials transactionsa, 2006, 37A: 1917-1926
[28] Fan Li, Dengjun Zhang. Nickel coating on hexagonal boron nitride particles by chemical plating[J]. Metallurgical and Materials transactions, 2007, 38B: 149-157
[29] J. N. Balaraju, S. K. Seshadri. Synthesis and corrosion behavior of electroless Ni-P-Si3N4 composite coatings[J]. Journal of Materials science letters, 1998(17): 1297-1299
[30]李宁.化学镀实用技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003:58-63
[31]姜晓霞.化学镀理论与实践[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000:45-50
[32]万家瑰,李淑华.表面活性剂在Ni-P化学复合镀中的应用[J].电镀与涂饰,2006,11(25):46-48
[33]钱苗根.现代表面技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2001:50-53
[34]税毅.Ni-P镀层研究现状及发展趋势[J].表面技术,2002,31(1):1-4
[35]闫洪.现代化学镀镍和复合镀新技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1999:40-43
[36]李金桂.材料的表面改性与涂镀技术的新发展[J].先进制造与材料应用技术,1998,6:1-3
[37] N.Y.Plenum. Metallographic Specimen Preparation[J]. Optical and Electron-Microscopy, 1973, 5:58-62
[38]梁志杰.现代表面镀覆技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2005:295-341
[39]仵亚婷,刘磊.自润滑Ni-P-PTFE化学复合镀工艺及镀层性能[J].上海交通大学学报,2005,39(2):206-210
[40]李树尘,陈永.材料工艺学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2000,8:16-17
[41]郑莜梅,李白林.镍基纳米氧化铝化学复合镀研究[J].表面技术,2003,23(5):23-25
[42]史光远.复合化学镀Ni-P-SiC工艺研究[J].河南纺织高等专科学校学报,2004,16(1):6-8
[43] V V N Reddy, B Ramamoorthy, P Kesavan Nair, et.al. A study on the wear resistance of eleetroless Ni-P/diamond composite coatings[J]. Metallurgical and Materials transactions, 2000, 239: 111-116
[44] C K Chen, M H Hon. The morphology and mechanical properties of TiN/Ni-P-Si Chybrid coatings[J]. Surface and Coatings technology, 2002, 155: 214-220
[45]苗丽娟,李长虹.化学复合镀及其应用[J].铁道机车车辆,2004,24(6):36-60
[46]吴玉程,魏纯金,邓综刚.镍磷合金及其复合镀层的摩擦学性能研究[J].宇航材料工艺,1990,1:34-39
[47]杨会静,王庆禄,李敬林,等.镍-磷-Si3N4纳米粒子复合镀工艺研究[J].河北师范大学学报(自然科学版),2004,28(1):39-45
[48]顾宝珊.化学镀镍-磷-超微金刚石复合镀层初探[J].电镀与精饰,1999,21(5):9-11
[49]宋来洲,丁健.Ni-P-PTFE复合镀层在制药设备上的应用研究[J].天津理工学院学报,2000,16(3):58-60
[50]邹刚,谢华.Ni-P-PTFE化学复合镀层的耐磨性能研究[J].润滑与密封,2007,32(10): 87-127
[51]韩芸,薛晓敏,叶斌,等.Ni-P-PTFE复合镀的研究[J].热处理,2007,22(2):49-54
[52]陈增辉,谢华.Ni-P-PTFE化学复合镀的工艺研究[J].表面技术,2007,36(3):46-48
[53]薛蒙伟,李小华,马美华.Cu-P-SiO2(CeO2)纳米复合化学镀层制备初探[J].科技进展,2001,9:18-21
[54]曲彦平,宋影伟,李德高,等.Ni-P-TiO2(纳米)化学复合镀工艺和性能研究[J].材料保护,2003,36(4):35-37
[55]曹茂盛,杨会静,刘爱冬,等.Ni-P-Si纳米粒子化学复合镀工艺及力学性能研究[J].中国表面工程,2000,13 (3):42-44
[56]宿辉,蔡伟,曹茂盛.Ni-P-(Ni/SiC)p镀层及其工艺条件的研究[J].材料科学与工艺,2008,16(3):310-313
[57]宿辉,曹茂盛.(SiC)p表面修饰及结构表征[J].材料工程,2005,12 (2):37-40
[58] Shrestha Nabeen K, Masuko Masabumi. Composite plating of Ni/SiC using azo-cationic surfactants and wear resistance of coatings [J]. Key Engineering Materials, 2003, 25 (4): 555-564
[59] Choua Minchien, GER Mingderger. KE Shihtsung The Ni-P-SiC composite produced by electro-codeposition[J]. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2005, 92(6): 146-151
[60] Lee Y F, Lee S L, Chuang C L. Effects of SiC reinforcement by electroless copper plating on properties of Cu/SiC composites[J]. Powder Metallurgy, 1999, 42(2): 147-152
[61] M E Touhami, M Cherkaoui. Electrochemical Investigation of Ni-P Autocatalytic Deposition in Ammoniacal Solutions[J]. Electrochem., 1996, 26: 487-491
[62] Hsieh S. H, Yang T. J. Study of the Composite Coating of Sic Particles Dispersed in an Electroless Nickel Matrix[J]. Key Engineering Materials, 2003, 249(1): 195-198
[63] M. K. surappa. On the nature of particle flow during extrusion of cast 6061 Al/SiCp composites [J]. Journal of materials science letters, 2008, 12: 1272-1273
[64] D. sciti, J. vicens, A. bellos. Microstructure and properties of alumina-SiC nanocomposites prepared from ultrafine powders[J]. Journal of materials science, 2007, 37: 3747– 3758
[65] R. chaim. High-temperature deformation of cordierite glass-ceramic/SiC platelet composites[J]. Journal of materials science, 2006, 37: 3887-3891
[66] M. Morales Rodriguez, A. D?′az Cano. Optical and structural properties of SiC nanocrystals[J]. Journal of materials science letters, 2008, 19: 682–686
[67] F. J. narciso-romero, F. rodrguez-reinoso. Synthesis of SiC from rice husks catalysed by iron,cobalt or nickel[J]. Journal of materials science, 2006, 31: 779-784
[68] B.K. Prasad, S. Das, O.P. Modi. Wear response of a Zn-Base alloy in the presence of SiC particle reinforcement: A comparative study with a Copper-Base alloy[J]. 2009, 8: 693-700
[69] A. gasse, G. chaumat,. Influence of atmosphere on the wettability of SiC by non-reactive Cu-Si alloys[J]. Journal of Materials science letters, 2006, 15: 1630-1632
[70] V. tilak, K. matocha. Comment on A. Agarwal and S. Haney,“Some critical materials and processing Issues in SiC power devices”[J]. Journal of electronic materials, 2009, 38(4): 618-620
[71] Sanjeev K Gupta, A Azam, and J Akhtar. Experimental analysis of current conductionthrough thermally grown SiO2 on thick epitaxial 4H-SiC employing Poole–Frenkel mechanism[J]. Indian Academy of Sciences, 2010, 74(2): 325-330
[72] Yi Chen. Investigation of electron–hole recombination-activated partial dislocations and their behavior in 4H-SiC epitaxial layers[J]. Journal of electronic materials, 2008, 37(5): 706-712
[73] Ariel virshup. Investigation of thermal stability and degradation mechanisms in Ni-Based ohmic contacts to n-type SiC for high-temperature gas sensors[J]. Journal of electronic materials, 2009, 38(4): 569-573
[74] Jeongguk kim, P. K. liaw. Tensile fracture behavior of Nicalon/SiC composites[J]. The minerals, metals & materials society and ASM International, 2007, 38(A): 2007-2023
[75] Xiao-Ning Guo. Avoiding loss of catalytic activity of Pd nanoparticles partially embedded in nanoditches in SiC nanowires[J]. Nanoscale Res Letter, 2010, 5: 332–337
[76] Rajeev Kumar. Influence of coal tar pitch coating on the properties of micro and nano SiC incorporated carbon–ceramic composites[J]. Journal of materials science, 2009, 44: 4633–4638
[77] C. F. Malfatti, H. M. Veit, C. B. Santos. Heat treated Ni-P–SiC composite coatings: elaboration and tribocorrosion behaviour in NaCl solution[J]. Tribol Letter, 2009, 36: 165–173
[78] Luther E. P, Lange F. E, Person D S.“Alumina”surface modification of silicon nitride for colloidal processing[J]. Am Ceram Soc, 1995, 78(8): 2009-2012
[79]张巨先,高陇桥.包覆型纳米SiC-Al2O3水悬浮液流变特性研究[J].材料科学与工程,2001,1:35-38
[80]陈曙光,丁厚福.SiCp表面化学镀镍合金层的成分与形貌研究[J].表面技术,2001,4:56-62
[81]张清.镀液中SiC含量和粒径对Ni-P-SiC复合化学镀层性能的影响[J].材料开发与应用,2002,17(4):9-12
[82]戴雄杰.软氮化处理对钢的耐磨性能的影响[J].金属热处理,1981,6(6):1-6
[83]邹坚.HEDP酸性化学镀镍磷合金工艺[J].材料保护,1997,25(1):33-36
[84]宿辉,蔡伟,曹茂盛.Ni-P-(Ni/ SiC)p化学复合镀层的研究[J].材料工程,2007,10 :48-64
[85]黎黎,陈秋龙,徐放.Ni-P-SiC复合镀工艺及镀层性能研究[J].材料与表面处理技术,2007,4:80-82
[86]李冬琪,裴宇韬,陈睿,等.化学镀SiCp/Ni-P复合镀层与基体结合强度及其影响因素[J].材料工程,l996,8:26-28
[87]万家瑰,李淑华.Ni-P-纳米SiC化学复合镀层的制备与性能[J].科学技术与工程,2008,8(16):4742-4752
[88]孙勇,张兆国,李佳民,等.N i-P-纳米SiC化学复合镀层耐磨性能的研究[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(12):105-108
[89]蔡莲淑,程秀,揭晓华,等.Ni-P-SiC(纳米)化学复合镀工艺的研究[J].表面技术,2003,32(5):38-45
[90]李义和,傅圣利,王本根,等.Ni-P-SiC化学复合镀[J].国防科技大学学报,2000,22(5):33-36
[91]梅建庭,刘华. Ni-P-SiC化学复合镀层耐磨性与显微硬度的研究[J].电镀与涂饰,2004,23(1):10-25
[92]迟毅,战国宸,范会玉,等.化学复合镀Ni-P-SiC镀层耐蚀性能研究[J].应用科技,2001,28(8):45-49
[93]陈德祥,孙勇,张兆.热处理对Ni-P-纳米SiC化学复合镀层硬度的影响[J].基础及前沿研究,2007,18:30-31
[94]张恒,沈献民.N i-P-SiC耐磨性化学复合镀工艺参数优化[J].郑州大学学报(理学版),2004,36(3):54-58
[95]俞世俊.化学镀Ni-P-SiC复合镀层性能的研究[J].无机材料学报,2004,19(3):647-652
[96]戴达煌,周克崧,袁镇海.现代材料表面技术科学[M].北京:冶金工业出版社, 2004:38-41
[97]黄申妍,郑璐璐,张玉萍,等.纳米SiC化学复合镀镍工艺的研究[J].电镀与环保,2005,25(4):24-26
[98]卜金纬.复合化学镀几个关键工艺因素研究[J].表面技术,2006,35(4):49-52
[99] Schmitt-Thomas Kh G, Haindi H, Fu D. Modification of themal barrier coatings(TBCs)[J]. Surface and coatings technology, 1997, 94 (3): 149-152
[100] Karl Heinz. Dispersion coatings with PTFE[J]. Products Finishing, 1999, 63(2): 39-43
[101] Brandl W,Toma D,Krger Jeta1.The oxidation behaviour of HVOF the rmalsprayed MCrAIY coatings[J]. Surface and coatings technology, 1997, 94 (31): 21-26
[102]纪卿,云喜玲.表面活性剂的分类、性能及其应用原理[J].集宁师专学报,2003,25(4):58-59
[103]张卫丽,李淑英.表面活性剂的应用和发展[J].全面腐蚀控制,2005,19(6):42-45
[104]宿辉,李颖娇,赵李霞,等.表面活性剂对N i-P-纳米碳管化学复合镀层性能的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2004,35(3):350-353
[105]周啸.基体表面状况、表面活性剂浓度对Ni-P-PTFE化学复合镀层结构的影响[J].材料保护,2000,33(6):1-3
[106]谢银宝.有机氟表面活性剂的性能合成与应用[J].辽宁化工,1995,3:3-7
[107]杨会静.Ni-P-纳米粒子化学复合镀工艺及性能研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2001:42-45
[108]黄新民,谢跃勤,吴玉程等.(N i-P)-纳米TiO2微粒化学复合镀层的摩擦特性[J].电镀与精饰,2001,23 (5) :1-4
[109]吴玉程,邓宗刚.镍磷合金氮化硅复合镀层的制备与磨损性能研究[J].稀有金属,1998,(4) :254- 258
[2]罗守福.化学镀镍[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,1996:7-8
[3]胡信国.无机颗粒的共沉积机理[J].电镀与精饰,1995,17(3):3
[4]仵亚婷,沈彬,刘磊,等.化学复合镀的研究现状及镀层的应用[J].电镀与涂饰,2005,24(1):58-64
[5]蔡连淑,程秀,揭晓华,等.Ni-P-SiC(纳米)化学复合镀工艺的研究[J].表面技术,2003, 32 (5):38-45
[6]徐滨士,刘世参.材料表面工程[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005:5
[7]菅沼荣一,丹野裕司,中野正博,等.表面技术[M].1998,49:643
[8]于杨,解念锁.先进表面工程技术及应用研究[J].科技创新导报,2009,31:78
[9]赵文轸.材料表面工程导论[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1998:7-8
[10]曲敬信,王泓宏.表面工程手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1998:662-664
[11]李鹏兴,林行方.表面工程[M].上海:上海交通大学工业出版社,1998:88-90
[12]阎洪.金属表面处理新技术[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1996:22-23
[13]谭昌瑶,王钧石.实用表面工程技术[M].北京:新时代出版社,1998:3-4
[14]徐滨士.表面工程的应用与展望[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:337-357
[15]曾晓雁,吴懿平.表面工程学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2001:10-11
[16]张小诚.新型材料与表面改性技术[M].广州:华南理工大学出版社,1990:25-26
[17]黄守伦.实用化学热处理与表面强化新技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002:236-257
[18]孙秋霞.材料腐蚀与防护[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2001:1-2
[19]钱苗根,姚寿山,张少宗.现代表面技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1994:15-17
[20]刘江南.金属表面工程学[M].北京:兵器工业出版社,1995:1-3
[21]李国英.表面工程手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1998:5-6
[22]刘家俊,周平安,孙希泰,等.材料耐磨抗蚀及其表面技术概论[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1986:331-332
[23]赵鹏,王维德.化学镀镍技术及其研究进展[J].材料与表面处理技术,2007,10:100-102
[24]徐志刚.化学镀镍及其在航空工业中的应用[J].航空工艺技术,1997,(1):15-16
[25]胡文彬.难镀基材化学镀镍技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003:1-4
[26]李淑苓,李谷松,丁炳哲,等.几种复合镀层的研究[J].表面技术,1993,22(1):15-16
[27] K. Hari Krishnan, S. John, K. N. Srinivasan, et.al. An overall aspect of electroless Ni-P depositions a review article[J]. Metallurgical and Materials transactionsa, 2006, 37A: 1917-1926
[28] Fan Li, Dengjun Zhang. Nickel coating on hexagonal boron nitride particles by chemical plating[J]. Metallurgical and Materials transactions, 2007, 38B: 149-157
[29] J. N. Balaraju, S. K. Seshadri. Synthesis and corrosion behavior of electroless Ni-P-Si3N4 composite coatings[J]. Journal of Materials science letters, 1998(17): 1297-1299
[30]李宁.化学镀实用技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003:58-63
[31]姜晓霞.化学镀理论与实践[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000:45-50
[32]万家瑰,李淑华.表面活性剂在Ni-P化学复合镀中的应用[J].电镀与涂饰,2006,11(25):46-48
[33]钱苗根.现代表面技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2001:50-53
[34]税毅.Ni-P镀层研究现状及发展趋势[J].表面技术,2002,31(1):1-4
[35]闫洪.现代化学镀镍和复合镀新技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1999:40-43
[36]李金桂.材料的表面改性与涂镀技术的新发展[J].先进制造与材料应用技术,1998,6:1-3
[37] N.Y.Plenum. Metallographic Specimen Preparation[J]. Optical and Electron-Microscopy, 1973, 5:58-62
[38]梁志杰.现代表面镀覆技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2005:295-341
[39]仵亚婷,刘磊.自润滑Ni-P-PTFE化学复合镀工艺及镀层性能[J].上海交通大学学报,2005,39(2):206-210
[40]李树尘,陈永.材料工艺学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2000,8:16-17
[41]郑莜梅,李白林.镍基纳米氧化铝化学复合镀研究[J].表面技术,2003,23(5):23-25
[42]史光远.复合化学镀Ni-P-SiC工艺研究[J].河南纺织高等专科学校学报,2004,16(1):6-8
[43] V V N Reddy, B Ramamoorthy, P Kesavan Nair, et.al. A study on the wear resistance of eleetroless Ni-P/diamond composite coatings[J]. Metallurgical and Materials transactions, 2000, 239: 111-116
[44] C K Chen, M H Hon. The morphology and mechanical properties of TiN/Ni-P-Si Chybrid coatings[J]. Surface and Coatings technology, 2002, 155: 214-220
[45]苗丽娟,李长虹.化学复合镀及其应用[J].铁道机车车辆,2004,24(6):36-60
[46]吴玉程,魏纯金,邓综刚.镍磷合金及其复合镀层的摩擦学性能研究[J].宇航材料工艺,1990,1:34-39
[47]杨会静,王庆禄,李敬林,等.镍-磷-Si3N4纳米粒子复合镀工艺研究[J].河北师范大学学报(自然科学版),2004,28(1):39-45
[48]顾宝珊.化学镀镍-磷-超微金刚石复合镀层初探[J].电镀与精饰,1999,21(5):9-11
[49]宋来洲,丁健.Ni-P-PTFE复合镀层在制药设备上的应用研究[J].天津理工学院学报,2000,16(3):58-60
[50]邹刚,谢华.Ni-P-PTFE化学复合镀层的耐磨性能研究[J].润滑与密封,2007,32(10): 87-127
[51]韩芸,薛晓敏,叶斌,等.Ni-P-PTFE复合镀的研究[J].热处理,2007,22(2):49-54
[52]陈增辉,谢华.Ni-P-PTFE化学复合镀的工艺研究[J].表面技术,2007,36(3):46-48
[53]薛蒙伟,李小华,马美华.Cu-P-SiO2(CeO2)纳米复合化学镀层制备初探[J].科技进展,2001,9:18-21
[54]曲彦平,宋影伟,李德高,等.Ni-P-TiO2(纳米)化学复合镀工艺和性能研究[J].材料保护,2003,36(4):35-37
[55]曹茂盛,杨会静,刘爱冬,等.Ni-P-Si纳米粒子化学复合镀工艺及力学性能研究[J].中国表面工程,2000,13 (3):42-44
[56]宿辉,蔡伟,曹茂盛.Ni-P-(Ni/SiC)p镀层及其工艺条件的研究[J].材料科学与工艺,2008,16(3):310-313
[57]宿辉,曹茂盛.(SiC)p表面修饰及结构表征[J].材料工程,2005,12 (2):37-40
[58] Shrestha Nabeen K, Masuko Masabumi. Composite plating of Ni/SiC using azo-cationic surfactants and wear resistance of coatings [J]. Key Engineering Materials, 2003, 25 (4): 555-564
[59] Choua Minchien, GER Mingderger. KE Shihtsung The Ni-P-SiC composite produced by electro-codeposition[J]. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2005, 92(6): 146-151
[60] Lee Y F, Lee S L, Chuang C L. Effects of SiC reinforcement by electroless copper plating on properties of Cu/SiC composites[J]. Powder Metallurgy, 1999, 42(2): 147-152
[61] M E Touhami, M Cherkaoui. Electrochemical Investigation of Ni-P Autocatalytic Deposition in Ammoniacal Solutions[J]. Electrochem., 1996, 26: 487-491
[62] Hsieh S. H, Yang T. J. Study of the Composite Coating of Sic Particles Dispersed in an Electroless Nickel Matrix[J]. Key Engineering Materials, 2003, 249(1): 195-198
[63] M. K. surappa. On the nature of particle flow during extrusion of cast 6061 Al/SiCp composites [J]. Journal of materials science letters, 2008, 12: 1272-1273
[64] D. sciti, J. vicens, A. bellos. Microstructure and properties of alumina-SiC nanocomposites prepared from ultrafine powders[J]. Journal of materials science, 2007, 37: 3747– 3758
[65] R. chaim. High-temperature deformation of cordierite glass-ceramic/SiC platelet composites[J]. Journal of materials science, 2006, 37: 3887-3891
[66] M. Morales Rodriguez, A. D?′az Cano. Optical and structural properties of SiC nanocrystals[J]. Journal of materials science letters, 2008, 19: 682–686
[67] F. J. narciso-romero, F. rodrguez-reinoso. Synthesis of SiC from rice husks catalysed by iron,cobalt or nickel[J]. Journal of materials science, 2006, 31: 779-784
[68] B.K. Prasad, S. Das, O.P. Modi. Wear response of a Zn-Base alloy in the presence of SiC particle reinforcement: A comparative study with a Copper-Base alloy[J]. 2009, 8: 693-700
[69] A. gasse, G. chaumat,. Influence of atmosphere on the wettability of SiC by non-reactive Cu-Si alloys[J]. Journal of Materials science letters, 2006, 15: 1630-1632
[70] V. tilak, K. matocha. Comment on A. Agarwal and S. Haney,“Some critical materials and processing Issues in SiC power devices”[J]. Journal of electronic materials, 2009, 38(4): 618-620
[71] Sanjeev K Gupta, A Azam, and J Akhtar. Experimental analysis of current conductionthrough thermally grown SiO2 on thick epitaxial 4H-SiC employing Poole–Frenkel mechanism[J]. Indian Academy of Sciences, 2010, 74(2): 325-330
[72] Yi Chen. Investigation of electron–hole recombination-activated partial dislocations and their behavior in 4H-SiC epitaxial layers[J]. Journal of electronic materials, 2008, 37(5): 706-712
[73] Ariel virshup. Investigation of thermal stability and degradation mechanisms in Ni-Based ohmic contacts to n-type SiC for high-temperature gas sensors[J]. Journal of electronic materials, 2009, 38(4): 569-573
[74] Jeongguk kim, P. K. liaw. Tensile fracture behavior of Nicalon/SiC composites[J]. The minerals, metals & materials society and ASM International, 2007, 38(A): 2007-2023
[75] Xiao-Ning Guo. Avoiding loss of catalytic activity of Pd nanoparticles partially embedded in nanoditches in SiC nanowires[J]. Nanoscale Res Letter, 2010, 5: 332–337
[76] Rajeev Kumar. Influence of coal tar pitch coating on the properties of micro and nano SiC incorporated carbon–ceramic composites[J]. Journal of materials science, 2009, 44: 4633–4638
[77] C. F. Malfatti, H. M. Veit, C. B. Santos. Heat treated Ni-P–SiC composite coatings: elaboration and tribocorrosion behaviour in NaCl solution[J]. Tribol Letter, 2009, 36: 165–173
[78] Luther E. P, Lange F. E, Person D S.“Alumina”surface modification of silicon nitride for colloidal processing[J]. Am Ceram Soc, 1995, 78(8): 2009-2012
[79]张巨先,高陇桥.包覆型纳米SiC-Al2O3水悬浮液流变特性研究[J].材料科学与工程,2001,1:35-38
[80]陈曙光,丁厚福.SiCp表面化学镀镍合金层的成分与形貌研究[J].表面技术,2001,4:56-62
[81]张清.镀液中SiC含量和粒径对Ni-P-SiC复合化学镀层性能的影响[J].材料开发与应用,2002,17(4):9-12
[82]戴雄杰.软氮化处理对钢的耐磨性能的影响[J].金属热处理,1981,6(6):1-6
[83]邹坚.HEDP酸性化学镀镍磷合金工艺[J].材料保护,1997,25(1):33-36
[84]宿辉,蔡伟,曹茂盛.Ni-P-(Ni/ SiC)p化学复合镀层的研究[J].材料工程,2007,10 :48-64
[85]黎黎,陈秋龙,徐放.Ni-P-SiC复合镀工艺及镀层性能研究[J].材料与表面处理技术,2007,4:80-82
[86]李冬琪,裴宇韬,陈睿,等.化学镀SiCp/Ni-P复合镀层与基体结合强度及其影响因素[J].材料工程,l996,8:26-28
[87]万家瑰,李淑华.Ni-P-纳米SiC化学复合镀层的制备与性能[J].科学技术与工程,2008,8(16):4742-4752
[88]孙勇,张兆国,李佳民,等.N i-P-纳米SiC化学复合镀层耐磨性能的研究[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(12):105-108
[89]蔡莲淑,程秀,揭晓华,等.Ni-P-SiC(纳米)化学复合镀工艺的研究[J].表面技术,2003,32(5):38-45
[90]李义和,傅圣利,王本根,等.Ni-P-SiC化学复合镀[J].国防科技大学学报,2000,22(5):33-36
[91]梅建庭,刘华. Ni-P-SiC化学复合镀层耐磨性与显微硬度的研究[J].电镀与涂饰,2004,23(1):10-25
[92]迟毅,战国宸,范会玉,等.化学复合镀Ni-P-SiC镀层耐蚀性能研究[J].应用科技,2001,28(8):45-49
[93]陈德祥,孙勇,张兆.热处理对Ni-P-纳米SiC化学复合镀层硬度的影响[J].基础及前沿研究,2007,18:30-31
[94]张恒,沈献民.N i-P-SiC耐磨性化学复合镀工艺参数优化[J].郑州大学学报(理学版),2004,36(3):54-58
[95]俞世俊.化学镀Ni-P-SiC复合镀层性能的研究[J].无机材料学报,2004,19(3):647-652
[96]戴达煌,周克崧,袁镇海.现代材料表面技术科学[M].北京:冶金工业出版社, 2004:38-41
[97]黄申妍,郑璐璐,张玉萍,等.纳米SiC化学复合镀镍工艺的研究[J].电镀与环保,2005,25(4):24-26
[98]卜金纬.复合化学镀几个关键工艺因素研究[J].表面技术,2006,35(4):49-52
[99] Schmitt-Thomas Kh G, Haindi H, Fu D. Modification of themal barrier coatings(TBCs)[J]. Surface and coatings technology, 1997, 94 (3): 149-152
[100] Karl Heinz. Dispersion coatings with PTFE[J]. Products Finishing, 1999, 63(2): 39-43
[101] Brandl W,Toma D,Krger Jeta1.The oxidation behaviour of HVOF the rmalsprayed MCrAIY coatings[J]. Surface and coatings technology, 1997, 94 (31): 21-26
[102]纪卿,云喜玲.表面活性剂的分类、性能及其应用原理[J].集宁师专学报,2003,25(4):58-59
[103]张卫丽,李淑英.表面活性剂的应用和发展[J].全面腐蚀控制,2005,19(6):42-45
[104]宿辉,李颖娇,赵李霞,等.表面活性剂对N i-P-纳米碳管化学复合镀层性能的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2004,35(3):350-353
[105]周啸.基体表面状况、表面活性剂浓度对Ni-P-PTFE化学复合镀层结构的影响[J].材料保护,2000,33(6):1-3
[106]谢银宝.有机氟表面活性剂的性能合成与应用[J].辽宁化工,1995,3:3-7
[107]杨会静.Ni-P-纳米粒子化学复合镀工艺及性能研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2001:42-45
[108]黄新民,谢跃勤,吴玉程等.(N i-P)-纳米TiO2微粒化学复合镀层的摩擦特性[J].电镀与精饰,2001,23 (5) :1-4
[109]吴玉程,邓宗刚.镍磷合金氮化硅复合镀层的制备与磨损性能研究[J].稀有金属,1998,(4) :254- 258