国际公害物品的管理
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摘要
本文的主要内容是以国际公害物品的理论为框架,寻求国际社会解决流行性疾病和自然灾害问题的有效途径。
在政治经济学领域,有益的公共物品概念始终存在,但公害物品的概念却一直没有得到学者们的应有重视。事实上,减少一种公害物品就是提供一种公共物品,政府提供公共物品的职能也是从减少公害物品的行动中逐渐形成的。
随着全球化的到来,公害物品渐具国际性。SARS类流行性疾病爆发时,病毒以人为边界所无法阻止的速度在全球蔓延,整个国际社会都处于恐慌和危险之中。印度洋海啸类自然灾害波及几个国家或整个地区,区域内救助要求迫切,而区域外虽不乏援助之手,但支援却具短暂性。
通常对国际公害物品进行管理主要有两种途径:一是通过市场化的办法,二是通过国际组织等较高水平的国际制度的途径。在目前的国际现实中,这两种途径都是在政府职能的基础上才得以实现的。市场的途径适用于那些国际公害物品本身可以被度量或被分割的情况。在这种情况下,国际公害物品可以通过市场买卖的方式,或通过私有产权制度的方式得到控制;第二种方式主要适用于那些无法被分割或被度量的国际公害物品,如SARS类流行性疾病和印度洋海啸类自然灾害。本文的重点是讨论通过国际组织途径解决不可分割的国际公害物品的问题。
尽管流行性疾病和自然灾害都适用于国际组织的方式进行管理,但由于这两种国际公害物品具有不同的特点,因此在管理上需要选择不同的组织形式。在控制SARS的过程中,出现了全球治理的“后威斯特伐利亚公共卫生体系”的观点,即以超越主权原则的方式治理全球流行性疾病。这种治理的理念假定非国家行为体可以在国家的基础上渐次成为治理的重心。但如果假定了国家的存在,也就确定了主权的存在。因此,这一体系本身存在着无法自洽的矛盾:既假定主权了的存在,又想建立一个无需主权原则的全球公共卫生体系。
在目前的国际现实下,对国际公害物品最好的解决方式是管理,而非治理。对于国际流行性疾病的管理,应该在世界卫生组织的协调下,通过加强与各国政府的联系,增强各国的抗疾病能力来实现。
海啸一类的自然灾害是区域性的国际公害物品,波及的范围是地区性的。虽然海啸能够激起全球的救助与合作,但这种反应是短时的,寻求有效的管理海啸的途径,需要求助于区域管理体系,首先是区域早期预警系统和区域救援机制,当然,通过联合国系统来加强地区间管理体系的合作,也有助于增强全球范围的抗灾能力。
The dissertation plans to seek the effective ways to manage international infectious diseases and natural disasters under a theory of International Public Bads. In the realm of political economics, the concept of“public goods”exists all the way, but the concept of“public bads”does not receive experts’corresponding emphasis. In fact, reducing a kind of public bads is to provide a kind of public goods, and the function of government on providing public goods is formed gradually from the action of reducing public bads.
With the advance of globalization, public bads are gradually being global or international. When the infectious disease like SARS is prevailing, virus spreads over the whole world without recognizing borders, the whole world are seized with the panic. Natural disasters like Indian Tsunami affect several conturies or the entire region, whthin which the demand for relief is badly, however the relief from outside is short-lived.
In managing and controlling international public bads, there are usually two ways, one is depending on privatization or trade through market, and the other relies on some high-level international institutions, like international organization. At present international reality, those two ways can be operated only on and through the function of government. The way of market is applicable to the situation in which the international public bads themselves can be measured in value or divided in volume.
Under that situation, international public bads can be managed through market trade, or on the way of privatization through which the ownership of the bads can be privatized to respective actors. While the second way is applicable to those international public bads which cannot be or is not permitted to be divided or measured, such as infectious disease, like SARS, and natural disasters, like Indian Tsunami. The focus of the dissertaton is to discuss how the international organization manages the international public bads that cannot be separated.
International infectious disease and nature disasters are all suitable to be managed through international organization, but different forms of international organization are needed because of different characteristics those two international public bads have.
In managing SARS, the view of governance by establishing“Post-Westphalian International Public Health System”is proposed. This idea of governance presumes that non-state actor can become the focus of the governance through influencing national policy-making. But presuming the existence of state is to recognize the existence of sovereignty. Thus there exist contradictions inside the governance system: to establish a global public health system without the principle of sovereignty, but presuming the existence of sovereignty.
At present international reality, the suitable way for controlling international public bads is through management not governance. The management of international infectious disease should be organized by World Health Organization, based on the coordinated relationship between governments and WHO to strength the disease-proof ability of members.
International natural disasters like Indian Tsunami are a kind of regional one, affecting a certain region not the whole world. Although its influence can inspire globe cooperation and response, the response can only last short time. Therefore the management of global natural disasters will depend on regional management system, first to establishi regional early-warning system and regional relief regimes. The way of strengthening global anti-disaster ability through cooperation and coordination between regional disaster management systems under UN is also helpful.
在政治经济学领域,有益的公共物品概念始终存在,但公害物品的概念却一直没有得到学者们的应有重视。事实上,减少一种公害物品就是提供一种公共物品,政府提供公共物品的职能也是从减少公害物品的行动中逐渐形成的。
随着全球化的到来,公害物品渐具国际性。SARS类流行性疾病爆发时,病毒以人为边界所无法阻止的速度在全球蔓延,整个国际社会都处于恐慌和危险之中。印度洋海啸类自然灾害波及几个国家或整个地区,区域内救助要求迫切,而区域外虽不乏援助之手,但支援却具短暂性。
通常对国际公害物品进行管理主要有两种途径:一是通过市场化的办法,二是通过国际组织等较高水平的国际制度的途径。在目前的国际现实中,这两种途径都是在政府职能的基础上才得以实现的。市场的途径适用于那些国际公害物品本身可以被度量或被分割的情况。在这种情况下,国际公害物品可以通过市场买卖的方式,或通过私有产权制度的方式得到控制;第二种方式主要适用于那些无法被分割或被度量的国际公害物品,如SARS类流行性疾病和印度洋海啸类自然灾害。本文的重点是讨论通过国际组织途径解决不可分割的国际公害物品的问题。
尽管流行性疾病和自然灾害都适用于国际组织的方式进行管理,但由于这两种国际公害物品具有不同的特点,因此在管理上需要选择不同的组织形式。在控制SARS的过程中,出现了全球治理的“后威斯特伐利亚公共卫生体系”的观点,即以超越主权原则的方式治理全球流行性疾病。这种治理的理念假定非国家行为体可以在国家的基础上渐次成为治理的重心。但如果假定了国家的存在,也就确定了主权的存在。因此,这一体系本身存在着无法自洽的矛盾:既假定主权了的存在,又想建立一个无需主权原则的全球公共卫生体系。
在目前的国际现实下,对国际公害物品最好的解决方式是管理,而非治理。对于国际流行性疾病的管理,应该在世界卫生组织的协调下,通过加强与各国政府的联系,增强各国的抗疾病能力来实现。
海啸一类的自然灾害是区域性的国际公害物品,波及的范围是地区性的。虽然海啸能够激起全球的救助与合作,但这种反应是短时的,寻求有效的管理海啸的途径,需要求助于区域管理体系,首先是区域早期预警系统和区域救援机制,当然,通过联合国系统来加强地区间管理体系的合作,也有助于增强全球范围的抗灾能力。
The dissertation plans to seek the effective ways to manage international infectious diseases and natural disasters under a theory of International Public Bads. In the realm of political economics, the concept of“public goods”exists all the way, but the concept of“public bads”does not receive experts’corresponding emphasis. In fact, reducing a kind of public bads is to provide a kind of public goods, and the function of government on providing public goods is formed gradually from the action of reducing public bads.
With the advance of globalization, public bads are gradually being global or international. When the infectious disease like SARS is prevailing, virus spreads over the whole world without recognizing borders, the whole world are seized with the panic. Natural disasters like Indian Tsunami affect several conturies or the entire region, whthin which the demand for relief is badly, however the relief from outside is short-lived.
In managing and controlling international public bads, there are usually two ways, one is depending on privatization or trade through market, and the other relies on some high-level international institutions, like international organization. At present international reality, those two ways can be operated only on and through the function of government. The way of market is applicable to the situation in which the international public bads themselves can be measured in value or divided in volume.
Under that situation, international public bads can be managed through market trade, or on the way of privatization through which the ownership of the bads can be privatized to respective actors. While the second way is applicable to those international public bads which cannot be or is not permitted to be divided or measured, such as infectious disease, like SARS, and natural disasters, like Indian Tsunami. The focus of the dissertaton is to discuss how the international organization manages the international public bads that cannot be separated.
International infectious disease and nature disasters are all suitable to be managed through international organization, but different forms of international organization are needed because of different characteristics those two international public bads have.
In managing SARS, the view of governance by establishing“Post-Westphalian International Public Health System”is proposed. This idea of governance presumes that non-state actor can become the focus of the governance through influencing national policy-making. But presuming the existence of state is to recognize the existence of sovereignty. Thus there exist contradictions inside the governance system: to establish a global public health system without the principle of sovereignty, but presuming the existence of sovereignty.
At present international reality, the suitable way for controlling international public bads is through management not governance. The management of international infectious disease should be organized by World Health Organization, based on the coordinated relationship between governments and WHO to strength the disease-proof ability of members.
International natural disasters like Indian Tsunami are a kind of regional one, affecting a certain region not the whole world. Although its influence can inspire globe cooperation and response, the response can only last short time. Therefore the management of global natural disasters will depend on regional management system, first to establishi regional early-warning system and regional relief regimes. The way of strengthening global anti-disaster ability through cooperation and coordination between regional disaster management systems under UN is also helpful.
引文
① 张宇燕、李增刚:《全球公共产品的政治经济学分析》,载《现代国际经济学理论发展综述》,北京·中国人民大学出版社,2006 年版,第 282 页。
① Rusell Hardin, Collective Action (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1982), P.17.
② 苏长和:《全球公共问题与国际合作:一种制度的分析》,上海·上海人民出版社,2000 年版,第 113 页。
③ Rusell Hardin, p.17.
④ David B. Bobrow & Mark A. Boyer, Defensive internationalism: Providing Public Goods in An Uncertain World (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2005), p.20.
⑤ Ibid.
⑥ Oliver Morrissey et.al., “Defining International Public Goods: Conceptual Issue”, International Public Goods--Incentives, Measurement, and Financing, eds., Maro Ferroni and Ashoka Mody (Norwell, Massachusetts: Kluwer Academic Publisher, 2002), p.34.
① 罗伯特·基欧汉、约瑟夫·奈:《权利与相互依赖(第三版)》(门洪华译),北京大学出版社,2002 年版, 第 14 页。
② 埃利诺·奥斯特罗姆:《公共事务的治理之道—集体行动制度的演进》(余逊达、陈旭东译),上海三联书店,2000 年版, 第一章。
① 苏长和:《全球公共问题与国际合作:一种制度的分析》,上海人民出版社,2000 年版,第 255 页。
① Oliver Morrissey, et al., “Defining International Public Goods: Conceptual Issues”, eds., Marco Ferroni & Ashoka Mody (Norwell, Massachusetts: Kluwer Academic Publisher, 2002), pp31-47.
② 保罗·塞缪尔森、威廉·诺德豪斯:《经济学(第十七版)》(肖琛主译),北京·人民邮电出版社,2004年版,第 29 页。
③ 张跃庆、张念宏主编:《经济大辞海》,北京·海洋出版社,1992 年版,第 86-87 页。
④ 1978 年颁布的《中华人民共和国宪法》中,该法第 11 条第 3 款规定“国家保护环境和自然资源, 防治污染和其他公害”。《中华人民共和国宪法(1978 年)》,中国人大网,http://www.npc.gov.cn/zgrdw/common/zw.jsp?label=WXZLK&id=4365,最近查询,2007 年 4 月 11 日。
⑤ Hardin Garrett, “The Tragedy of the Commons”, Science, Vol.162 (December 1968), pp1243-1248.
⑥ 张宇燕、李增钢:《全球公共产品的政治经济学分析》,第 286 页。
① 保罗·塞缪尔森、威廉·诺德豪斯:《经济学(第十七版)》,第 29 页。
② 丹尼斯·缪勒:《公共选择》(杨春学等译),北京·中国社会科学出版社,1999 年版,第 15 页。
③ 曼瑟尔·奥尔森:《集体行动的逻辑》(陈郁等译),上海三联书店,上海人民出版社,1996 年版,第 13页。
④ Rusell Hardin, Collective Action (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1982).
① Inge Kaul et al eds., Providing Global Public Goods: Managing Globalization (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003).
② Meghnad Desai, “Public Goods: A Historical Perspective”, Providing Global Public Goods: Managing Globalization, eds., Inge Kaul et al. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003), pp.63-78.
① Maro Ferroni & Ashoka Mody, eds., International Public Goods-Incentives, Measurement, and Financing (Norwell, Massachusetts: Kluwer Academic Publisher, 2002).
② Oliver Morrissey, et al., “Defining International Public Goods: Conceptual Issues”, eds., Marco Ferroni & Ashoka Mody (Norwell, Massachusetts: Kluwer Academic Publisher, 2002), pp31-47.
③ Maro Ferroni & Ashoka Mody, “Global Incentives for International Public Goods: Introduction and Overview”, eds., Maro Ferroni and Ashoka Mody, International Public Goods-Incentives, Measurement, and Financing (Norwell, Massachusetts: Kluwer Academic Publisher, 2002), pp1-30.
① Scott Barrett, “Supplying International Public Goods: how Nations Can Cooperate”, International Public Goods-Incentives, Measurement, and Financing, eds., Maro Ferroni & Ashoka Mody (Norwell, Massachusetts: Kluwer Academic Publisher, 2002), pp.47-80.
② Todd Sandler, “Financing International Public Goods”, International Public Goods-Incentives, Measurement, and Financing, eds., Maro Ferroni & Ashoka Mody (Norwell, Massachusetts: Kluwer Academic Publisher, 2002), pp.81-118.
① Meghnad Desai, “Public Goods: A Historical Perspective”, Providing Global Public Goods: Managing Globalization, eds., Inge Kaul et al. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003), pp.63-78.
② 参见 Simon Rushton, “Health and Peacebuiding: Reconstructing the Failed State in Sierra Leone”, International Relations 19(4), pp441-456. Thomas Bernauer, “The effect of international environmental institutions: how we might learn more”, International Organization 49, 2 (spring 1995), pp.351-77. Alan Ingram, “Global Leadership and Global Health: Contending Meta-narratives, Divergent Response, Fatal consequences”, International Organization 19(4), pp.381-402.
③ Oran R. Young, “International Environmental Governance: Building Institutions in an Anarchical Society”, The International Political Economy and International Institution I, ed, Oran R. Young (Cheltenham, UK, Brookfield: Vt., US: E. Elgar Pub. Co., 1996), pp. 374-394.
① 苏长和:《全球公共问题与国际合作:一种制度的分析》,上海人民出版社,2000 年版。
② 詹姆斯·N.罗西瑙主编:《没有政府的治理》(张继军、刘小林等译),南昌·江西人民出版社,2001 年版。
③ 俞可平主编:《全球化:全球治理》,北京·社会科学文献出版社,2003 年版。
① 徐伟立主编:《经济管理学辞典》,北京·中国社会科学出版社,1988 年版,第 1051 页。
② 埃利诺·奥斯特罗姆:《公共事务的治理之道—集体行动制度的演进》(余逊达、陈旭东译),上海三联书店,2000 年版。
③ 詹姆斯·S.科尔曼:《社会理论的基础》(邓方译),北京·社会科学文献出版社,1999 年版。
① Stacey Knobler, et al., eds., Learning from SARS: preparing for the next disease outbreak (Washington D. C.: The National Academies Press, 2006).
② 参见 Yanzhong Huang, “The SARS Epidemic and Its Aftermath in China”, Learning from SARS: Preparing for the next disease outbreak, eds., Stacey Knobler, et al. (Washington D. C.: The National Academies Press, 2006), pp.116-136.
① Dyna Arhin-Tenkorang & Pedro Conceicao, “Beyond Communicable Disease Control: Health in the Age of Globalization” Providing Global Public Goods-Managing Globalization, eds., Inge Kaul, et al. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003), pp.484-515.
② David P. Fidler, SARS, Governance and the Globalization of Disease (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004).
③ 杨功焕:《SARS 的流行与中国公共卫生系统》,中国网http://www.china.org.cn/chinese/zhuanti/2004shxs/483067.htm,最近查询, 2007 年 1 月 27 日。
① 《世界卫生组织在中国的国家合作战略——2004-2008 战略优先事项》,世界卫生组织西太平洋办公室网站,http://www.wpro.who.int/NR/rdonlyres/252B0C50-79AC-4759-90CD-E18481A779D1/0/CCSbook_cn.pdf,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 17 日。
② 《国务院新闻办公室举行新闻发布会》,2003 年 4 月 21 日,《人民日报》,第 2 版。
③ 何帆:《传染病的全球化与防治传染病的国际合作》,中国社会科学院国际金融研究中心工作报告,2003年 12 月,http://www.rcif.cn/Article/UploadFiles/200606/20060624174453621.pdf,最近查询,2007 年 4 月6 日。
① 夏保成编著:《美国公共安全管理导论》,北京·当代中国出版社,2006 年版。
② Kathleen J. Tierney, Michael K. Lindell and Rorald W. Perry, Facing the Unexpected (Washington, D.C: Joseph Henry Press, 2001).
③ 黎益壮等编译:《英汉灾害管理相关基本术语集》,北京·中国标准出版社,2005 年版。
① William L. Waugh, JR, Living with Hazards, Dealing with Disasters (New York: M.E. Sharpe, Inc., 1984).
② 刘俊主编:《关注海啸》,北京·军事科学出版社,2005 年版。
③ “2004 Tsunami Crisis-Impact on Indonesia”, available: http://www.ringsurf.com/info/News/Tsunami/Indonesia/, [accessed on March 19, 2007].
④ “Tsunami Thailand-one Year Later”, Joint Report by United Nations County Team and Royal Thailand Government, available: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTEASTASIAPACIFIC/Resources/TsunamiTH_One-Year-Later.pdf, [accessed on March 20, 2007]
⑤ “Report”, National Pos-Tsunami Lessons Learned and Best Practices Workshop, Sri Lanka, June 8-9, 2005, available: http://www.reliefweb.int/library/documents/2005/ocha-lka-05jul.pdf, [accessed on March 20, 2007].
⑥ “Report on Main Findings”, Government of Maldives and United Nations Post-Tsunami Lessons Learned and Best Practices Workshop, Maldives, May 17-18, 2005, available: http://www.reliefweb.int/library/documents/2005/ocha-mdv-05jul.pdf, [accessed on March 20, 2007].
⑦ “National Post-Tsunami Lessons Learned and Best Practices”, Workshop Report, June 8-9, 2005, available: http://www.reliefweb.int/library/documents/2005/ocha-lka-05jul.pdf, [accessed on March 18, 2007].
① 常驻联合国代表团科技组:《印度洋海啸灾难后的工作报告》,中国地震信息网,http://www.csi.ac.cn/wjf/dzll/genzong/indonesia041226/report_un.htm,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 18 日。
② “Evaluation and Strengthening of Early Warning Systems in Countries Affected by the 26 December 2004 Tsunami”, available: http://www.unisdr-earlywarning.org/tewis, [accessed on November 13, 2006].
③ “Proposed Strategy for Building Resilience to Tsunamis in the Indian Ocean 2006-2008”, ISDR, available: http://www.unisdr.org/ppew/tsunami/news-events/Future-strategy-2006-2008.doc, [accessed on March 20, 2007].
④ Kirsten E. Schulze, “Between Conflict and Peace: Tsunami Aid and Reconstruction in Aceh”, November 2005, available: http://www.lse.ac.uk/Depts/global/Publications/HumanSecurityReport/Tsunami/Aceh%20Tsunami%20Response.pdf, [accessed on March 18, 2007].
⑤ Roberta Cohen, “The Tsunami Tragedy: Political, Economic, and Environmental Lessons”, January 25, 2005, available: http://wwwnotes.reliefweb.int/w/RWB.NSF/8b7d095431371f6e852567cb008396bb/36a8d0aa6bb7cf0fc1256faf0051332f?OpenDocument, [accessed on July 19, 2006].
① 保罗·塞缪尔森,威廉·诺德豪斯:《经济学第十七版》(肖琛主译),北京·人民邮电出版社,2004 年版,第 29 页。
② 张宇燕、李增钢:《全球公共产品的政治经济学分析》,第 286 页。
③ Paul Samuel son, “The Pure Theory of Public Expenditure”, Review of Economics and Statistics, XXXVI, (November 1954), pp387-389.
① Hardin Garrett, “The Tragedy of the Commons”, Science, Vol.162, (December 1968), pp.1243-1248.
② 曼瑟尔·奥尔森:《集体行动的逻辑》(陈郁等译),上海三联书店,上海人民出版社,1996 年版,第 13页。
③ 丹尼斯·缪勒:《公共选择》(杨春学等译),北京·中国社会科学出版社,1999 年版,第 15 页。
④ Meghnad Desai,“Public Goods: A Historical Perspective”, Providing Global Public Goods: Managing Globaization, eds. Inge Kaul Pedro, et al.(New York: Oxford University Press, 2003), p.63-77.
⑤ Rusell Hardin, Collective Action (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1982), P.17.
⑥ 苏长和:《全球公共问题与国际合作:一种制度的分析》,上海人民出版社,2000 年版,第 113 页。
⑦ Rusell Hardin, P.17.
① David B. Bobrow & Mark A. Boyer, Defensive Internationalism: Providing Public Goods in An Uncertain World (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2005), p.20.
② 张宇燕、李增刚:《全球公共产品的政治经济学分析》,载《现代国际经济学理论发展综述》(世界经济学会组编),北京·中国人民大学出版社,2006 年版,第 280 页。
③ James M. Buchanan, “An Economic Theory of Clubs”, Economic, (vol., 32(125), 1965), pp.1-14。
① 保罗·塞缪尔森、威廉·诺德豪斯:《微观经济学》(肖琛主译),北京·人民邮电出版社,2004年版,第29页。
② 同上。
③ Oliver Morrissey et al., “Defining International Public Goods: Conceptual Issue”, International Public Goods-Incentives, Measurement, and Financing, eds. Maro Ferroni & Ashoka Mody (Norwell: Kluwer Academic Publisher, 2002), p.35.
① “边际”是经济学的关键术语,通常是指“新增”或“额外”的意思。边际效用是指多消费一单位的物品所带来的新增的或额外的效用。
② 约翰·伊特韦尔等主编:《新帕尔格雷夫经济学大辞典》,中译本,第 3 卷,216-218 页,转引自张宇燕,李增刚:《全球公共产品的政治经济学分析》,载《现代国际经济学理论发展综述》(世界经济学会组编),北京·中国人民大学出版社,2006 年版,第 280 页。
③ David B. Bobrow & Mark A. Boyer, Defensive Internationalism:Pproviding Public Goods in an Uncertain World (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2005), p.20.
④ 苏长和:《全球公共问题与国际合作:一种制度的分析》,上海人民出版社,2000 年版,第 121 页。
⑤ 保罗·塞缪尔森,威廉·诺德豪斯:《微观经济学》,第 177 页。
① 罗伯特·艾克斯罗德:《对策中的制胜之道——合作的进化》(吴坚中,张文芝译),上海人民出版社,1996年版,第 6 页。
② 保罗·塞缪尔森、威廉·诺德豪斯:《微观经济学》,第 21 页。
③ 同上,第 20 页。
① 亚当·斯密:《国富论》(杨敬年译),西安·陕西人民出版社,2003 年版,第 502 页。
② 保罗·塞缪尔森,威廉·诺德豪斯:《微观经济学》,第 24 页。
③ 同上,第 28 页。
④ 同上。
⑤ 转引自张宇燕、李增刚:《全球公共产品的政治经济学分析》,载《现代国际经济学理论发展综述》(世界经济学会组编),北京·中国人民大学出版社,2006 年版,第 293 页。
⑥ 罗伯特·艾克斯罗德:《对策中的制胜之道——合作的进化》,第 8 页。
① Oliver Morrissey et al., “Defining International Public Goods: Conceptual Issues”, International Public Goods-Incentives, Measurement, and Financing, eds, Maro Ferroni & Ashoka Mody (Norwell, Massachusetts: Kluwer Academic Publisher, 2002), pp.31-46.
① 苏长和:《全球公共问题与国际合作:一种制度的分析》,上海人民出版社,2000 年版,第 117 页。
② Oliver Morrissey et al., p.38.
③ Michel Mollat, The Poor in the Middle Ages: An Essay in Social History (New Heaven, Conn: Yale University Press, 1986), pp.119-57.
④ 参见 John Walter & Roger Scholfield, “Famine, Disease and Crisis Mortality in Early Modern Society”, Famine, Disease and Social Order in Early Modern Society, eds., John Walter & Roger Schoofield (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989).
① Fernand Braudel, The Structure of Everyday Life: Limits of the Possible (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1992), p.85.
② John Walter & Roger Scholfield, “Famine, Disease and Crisis Mortality in Early Modern Society”, p.64.
③ Meghnad Desai, “Public Goods: a Historical Perspective”, Providing Global Public Goods: Managing Globalization, eds., Inge Kaul et al. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003), p.67.
④ Adrian Randal & Andrew Charlesworth, eds., Moral Economy and Popular Protest: Crowds, Conflict and Authority (New York: St. Martin’s, 2000), p23.
⑤ Richard, Cooper, “International Cooperation in Public Health as a Prologue to Macroeconomic Cooperation”, Can Nations Agree?: Issues in International Economic Cooperation, eds., Richard N. Cooper et al. (Washington D.C: Brookings Institution, 1989), pp.193-203.
⑥ 参见 Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations (New York: Modern Library, 1937), p.22.
⑦ Meghnad Desai, p.67.
⑧ Ibid.
① Meghnad Desai, p.68.
① 参见詹姆斯·罗西瑙主编:《没有政府的治理》(张胜军,刘小林译),南昌·江西人民出版社,2001 年版,第 63-117 页。
② 参见埃利诺·奥斯特罗姆:《公共事务的治理之道—集体行动制度的演进》(余逊达、陈旭东译),上海三联书店,2000 年版,第六章,第 273-315 页。
③ 张宇燕、李增刚:《全球公共产品的政治经济学分析》,第 283 页。
① Charles Kindleberger, The world in Depression 1929-1939 (London, Allen Lane: The Penguin Press, 1973), pp.56-61.
② Inge Kaul et al., eds., Providing Global Public Goods: Managing Globalization (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003).
③ Maro Ferroni & Ashoka Mody eds., International Public Goods-Incentives, Measurement, and Financing (Norwell, Massachusetts: Kluwer Academic Publisher, 2002).
④ Oliver Morrissey et al., p.35.
⑤ 转引自张宇燕、李增刚:《全球公共产品的政治经济学分析》,第 289 页。
① 观点出处:张宇燕、李增刚:《全球公共产品的政治经济学分析》。
① David B. Bobrow & Mark A. Boyer, Defensive Internationalism: Providing Public Goods in An Uncertain World (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2005), p.20.
② Oliver Morrissey et al., p.33.
① 张宇燕、李增刚:《全球公共产品的政治经济学分析》,第 282 页。
② Russell Hardin, p.61.
① Russell Hardin, p.61.
① Russell Hardin , p.62.
② Russell Hardin , P.63.
① Oliver Morrissey et al., p.36.
②《美国退出<京都议定书>原因》,2001 年 4 月 17 日,中国能源网:http://cogenchina.com/news/huanbao/200104/200104170061.html,最近查询,2007 年 4 月 11 日。
① Oliver Morrissey et al., p.34.
② Ibid., p.36.
① Ibid., p.39.
① Bob Jessop, “The Rise of Government and the Risks of Failure: The Case of Economic Development ”, International Social Science Journal, Vol. 50 Iss. 155 (March 1998), p.29.
② Ibid.
③ Juldy Pearsall, The New Oxford English Dictionary (Oxford: Clarendor Press), 上海外语教育出版社,2001 年版,第 794 页。
④ Bob Jessop, p.29.
① 郑安光:《全球治理理论与大规模毁灭性武器控制》,南京大学历史系博士生论文,2005 年提交,中国国家图书馆博士论文库,索取号:2005\D815\2,第 18 页。
③ 阿尔温·托夫勒、海蒂·托夫勒:《创造一个新的文明——第三次浪潮的政治》(陈峰译),上海三联书店,1996 年版;彼得·德鲁克:《后资本主义社会》(张星岩译),上海译文出版社,1998 年版。
④ 鲍勃·杰索普:《治理的兴起及其失败的风险:以经济发展为例的论述》,载《国际社会科学杂志》(中文 版),1999 年 2 月,16-1,第 31 页。
⑤ 转引自姜鹏:《全球化、民族国家与治理》,北京大学国际关系学院博士生论文,2002 年提交,中国国家图书馆博士论文库,索取号:2002\D81\18,第 113 页。
⑥ Gerry Stocker, “Governance as Theory: Five Propositions”, International Social Science, Vol. 50, Iss. 155 (March 1998), pp.18-28.
① 郑安光:《全球治理理论与大规模毁灭性武器控制》,南京大学历史系博士生论文,2005 年提交,中国国家图书馆博士论文库,索取号:2005\D815\2,第 20 页。
② James N. Rosenau, “Governance, Order, and Change in World Politics”, Governance without Government: Order and Chance in World Politcs, eds., James N. Rosenau & Ernst-Otto Czempiel (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992), P.5.
③ 俞可平:《全球治理引论》,载《马克思主义与现实》,2002 年第 1 期,第 20-22 页。
① Jean-Pierre Gaudin, “Modern Governance, Yesterday and Today: Some Clarifications to be Gained from French Government Politics”, International Social Science, Vol. 50, Iss.155 (March 1998), p.47.
② 转引自郑安光:《全球治理理论与大规模毁灭性武器控制》,第 21 页。
③ Martin Hewson and Timothy J. Sinclair, “The Emergence of Global Governance Theory”, Approahces to Glboal Governance Theory, eds., Martin Hewson & Timothy J. Sinclair (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1999), pp.8-9.
④ 郑安光:《全球治理理论与大规模毁灭性武器控制》,第 88 页。
① 郑安光:《全球治理理论与大规模毁灭性武器控制》,第 22 页。
② The Commission on Global Governance, Our Global Neighborhood: the Report of the Commission on Global Governance (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995), pp.55-58.
③ 郑安光:《全球治理理论与大规模毁灭性武器控制》,第 23 页。
① 詹姆斯多尔蒂、小罗伯特·普法尔茨格拉夫:《争论中的国际关系理论》(阎学通、陈寒溪等译),北京·世界知识出版社,第 664 页。
② Cynthisa Hewitt de Alcantara, “Uses and Abuses of the Concept of Governance”, International Social Science, Vol.50, Iss (March 1998), p.105.
① Juldy Pearsall, The New Oxford English Dictionary, 第 1122 页。
② 徐伟立主编:《经济管理学辞典》,北京·中国社会科学出版社,1988 年版,第 1051 页。
① 罗伯特·基欧汉,约瑟夫·奈:《权利与相互依赖(第三版)》(门洪华译),北京大学出版社,2002 年版, 第 14 页。
② John Ruggie, “International Responses to Technology: Concepts and Trends”, International Organization, 29,3 (Summer 1995), p.570.
③ Stephen D. Krasner, “Structural Causes and Regime Consequences: Regimes as Intervening Variables”, International Regime,ed. Stephen D. Krasner (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1983), p2.
① Robert O. Keohane, International Institution and State Power: Essays in International Relations Theory (Boulder, Colo. : Westview Press, 1989), P.4.
② 田野:《国际关系中的制度选择:一种交易成本视角》,2004 年 4 月 12 日提交,第 75-77 页,中国国家图 书馆,博士论文库,索取号:2005\D80\4。
③ Kenneth Abott and Duncan Snidal, “Why States Act Through Formal International Organizations,” Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol 42, No1, (1998), p.9.
④ Kenneth Abbott et al, “The Concept of Legalization”,p401.转引自中国人民大学伯田野博士论文,田野:《国际关系中的制度选择:一种交易成本视角》,2004 年 4 月 12 日提交,中国国家图书馆,博士论文库,索取号:2005\D80\4。
① 参见:苏长和:《全球公共问题与国际合作:一种制度的分析》,上海人民出版社,2000 年版。
② 埃利诺·奥斯特罗姆:《公共事务的治理之道—集体行动制度的演进》(余逊达、陈旭东译),上海三联书店,2000 年版, 第一章。
③ 同上。
④ 保罗·萨缪尔森、威廉·诺德豪斯:《微观经济学(第十七版)》(肖琛译),北京·人民邮电出版社,2004,第 27 页。
① 姚从容:《公共环境物品的经济分析》,北京·经济出版社,2005 年版,第 85 页。
② 转引自,姚从容:《公共环境物品的经济分析》,第 85 页。
③ 姚从容:《公共环境物品的经济分析》,第 98-100 页。
① 苏长和:《全球公共问题与国际合作:一种制度的分析》,上海人民出版社,2000 年版,第 113 页。
② 同上,第 255 页。
③ 同上,第 254 页。
④ 同上。
⑤ Marvin S. Soroos, “The International Commons: A historical Perspective”, Environmental ReviewⅫ, (Spring 1988), pp.1-23.
① Hardin Garrett, “The Tragedy of the Commons”, Science, Vol.162, (December, 1968), pp. 1243-1248.
② 参见著名的经济学家曼库尔·奥尔森(Mancur Olson)在为桑德勒(Todd Sandler)《集体行动》一书撰写的序言。Todd Sandler, Collective Action: Theory and Application, (Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 1992),.
③ Oran R. Young, “International Environmental Governance”, The International Political Economy and International Institutions I, ed., Oran R. Young, (Cheltenham, UK, Brookfield, Vt., US: E. Elgar Pub. Co., 1996), p.382-394.
① 苏长和:《全球公共问题与国际合作:一种制度的分析》,上海人民出版社,2000 年版,第 270 页。
② 同上,第 256 页。
③《碳排放交易大有钱利可挖》,网络:http://www.nessc.org/gb/newssc.html,最近查询, 2007 年 2 月 28 日。
④《京都议定书全文》,网络:http://www.coi.gov.cn/question/q208a.html,最近查询,2007 年 2 月 28 日。
①《碳排放交易大有钱利可挖》,网络:http://www.nessc.org/gb/newssc.html, 最近查询,2007 年 2 月 28 日。
②《京都议定书全文》,网络:http://www.coi.gov.cn/question/q208a.html, 最近查询,2007 年 2 月 28 日。
③ 外部不经济是指厂商的行为给工厂之外的行为者造成的损害,如电厂排放的大量含有二氧化硫的有害烟雾造成周围居民的健康受损,就是电厂造成的外部不经济效果,这种损害不计入企业成本。参见保罗·萨缪尔森,威廉·诺德豪斯:《微观经济学(第十七版)》,第 302 页。
① Per Magnus Wijkman, “Managing the Global Commons”, International Organization, Vol.36, No.3 (Summer 1982), p.514.
② 苏长和:《全球公共问题与国际合作:一种制度的分析》,第 259 页。
① David Woodward & Richard D Smith, “Global Public Goods and Health: Concept and Issues”, Global Public Goods for Health, eds., Richard D Smith et al. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003), p.10.
② Ibid., pp.10-12.
① 转引自 David Woodward & Richard D Smith, p.11.
② 转引自 Dyna Arhin-Tenkorang & Pedro Conceicao, “Beyond Communicable Disease Control: Health in the Age of Globalization”, Providing Global Public Goods: Managing Globalization, eds. Inge Kaul et al. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003), p.488.
③ David Woodward & Richard D Smith, p.12.
④ Bruce. R. Aylward, et al., “When is a Disease Eradicable? 100 Years of Lessons Learned.” American Journal of Public Health, Vol.90, No.10, pp.1515-20.
⑤ Stacey Knobler, et al., eds. “Summary and Assessment”, Learning from SARS: preparing for the next disease outbreak (Washington D. C: The National Academies Press, 2004), P.3.
① Lyons, F.S.L., International in Europe 1815-1914 (Leyden: A.W. Sythoff, 1963), p.240.
② Pro Salute Novi Mundi: A History of the Pan American Health Organization (Washington D.C., Pan-American Health Organization, 1992), p.40.
③ Laurie Garrett, Betrayal of Trust: The Collapse of Global Public Health (New York: Hyperion, 2000), p.281.
④ Richard Cooper, “International Cooperation in Public Health as Prologue to Macroeconomic Cooperation”, Can Nations Agree? Issues in International Economic Cooperation, eds., Richard N. Cooper, et al. (Washington D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1989), p.210.
⑤ Pro Salute Novi Mundi: p.41.
① 参见 Mark.W. Zacher, “Global Epidemiological Surveillance: International Cooperation to Monitor Infectious Disease”, Global Public Goods: International Cooperation in the 21st Century, eds., Inge Kaul, et al. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999).
② Richard Cooper, p.228.
③ Dyna Arhin-Tenkorang & Pedro Conceicao, “Beyond Communicable Disease Control: Health in the Age of Globalization”, Providing Global Public Goods: Managing Global, eds. Inge Kaul et al. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003), p.486.
④ Pro Salute Novi Mundi, p.42.
① Oran R. Young , “International Environmental Governance”, pp.375-394.
② Ibid., pp. 382-384.
① Oran R. Young , “International Environmental Governance”, p.385.
② Ibid.
① William L. Waugh, JR., Living with Hazards, Dealing with Disasters, (New York: M.E. Sharpe. Inc., 2000), p.3.
② Charles Medea, Get Proactive with Disasters, Philadelphia Inquirer, September 27, 2005, available: http://www.rand.org/commentary/092705PI.html, [accessed on April 2, 2007].
③ 夏保成:《美国公共安全管理导论》,北京·当代中国出版社,2006 年版,第 4 页。
④ William L. Waugh, JR., p.3.
⑤ 夏保成:《美国公共安全管理导论》第 26 页。
⑥ 同上,第 14 页。
⑦ William L. Waugh, JR., p.48. 夏保成在其书中将 mitigation 翻译成准备,将 preparedness 翻译成预防,可能是翻译顺序的错误。
①《世界卫生组织 SARS 全球疫情报告(2002 年 11 月 1 日—2003 年 7 月 31 日)》,2003 年 9 月 26 日更新,世界卫生组织网站,http://www.who.int/csr/sars/country/table2003_09_23/en/,最近查询,2007年3月13日。
② 俞永新:《SARS 病原及其来源分析》,《首都医药》,2003 年第 14 期,http://www.ilib.cn/A-sdyy200314002.html,最近查询,2006 年 7 月 20 日。
③ 《世界卫生组织关于 SARS 检测的定义是什么?》,2003 年 4 月 27 日, 人民网,http://www.people.com.cn/GB/20030427/980617.html,最近查询,2006 年 7 月 20 日。
④ 翟理杰:《SARS 的主要传播途径,病原学及控制方案》,2003 年 5 月 23 日,中国生物技术信息网,http://www.biotech.org.cn/news/news/show.php?id=4665,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 13 日。
① Stacey Knobler, et al., eds., “Summary and Assessment”, Learning from SARS: preparing for the next disease outbreak (Washington. D. C.: The National Academies Press, 2004), P2.
② Ibid., p.11.
③ Ibid., p.3.
④ Ibid., p.13.
①《专家“校正” SARS 病原调查结论》,2003 年 5 月 28 日,中国生物技术信息网,http://www.biotech.org.cn/news/news/show.php?id=4836,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 13 日。
②《世界卫生组织 SARS 全球疫情报告(2002 年 11 月 1 日—2003 年 7 月 31 日)》,上引网址。
③《国务院新闻办公室举行新闻发布会》, 2003 年 5 月 31 日,《人民日报》,第 6 版。
① Stacey Knobler, et al., p.4.
② Ibid., p.6.
③ WHO, 2003a, “Acute respiratory syndrome in China”, available: http://www.who.int/csr/don/2003_2_20/en/, [accessed December 17,2003].
④ Stacey Knobler, et al., p.6.
⑤ WHO. 2003b, “SARS: chronology of a serial killer”, available: http://www.who.int/csr/don/2003_07_04/en/, [accessed December 17,2003].
⑥《国务院新闻办公室举行新闻发布会》, 2003 年 5 月 31 日,《人民日报》,第 6 版。
⑦《卫生部新闻办公室 4 月 27 日下午通报非典疫情》,2003 年 4 月 27 日,中国网,http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2003-04-27/16181019457.shtml,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 13 日。
①《国务院新闻办公室举行新闻发布会》,上引报刊,第 6 版。
②《中国内地非典疫情通报》,2003 年 6 月 3 日 10 时,人民日报海外版, http://www.snweb.com/gb/people_daily_os/2003/06/04/d0604009.htm,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 13 日。
③《卫生部 6 月 8 日通报全国内地非典型肺炎最新疫情(附表)》,2003 年 6 月 8 日,中国网,http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2003-06-08/16101148974.shtml,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 13 日。
④《世界卫生组织解除对我国广东和香港的旅游警告》,2003 年 5 月 23 日,央视国际,http://202.108.249.200/financial/20030524/100275.shtml,最近查询 2007 年 3 月 13 日。
⑤《世界卫生组织宣布解除赴中国四省区市的旅游警告》,2003 年 6 月 14 日,《人民日报》,第 1 版。
⑥《世界卫生组织宣布:中国内地已全部被解除旅游限制》,2003 年 6 月 25 日,中国新闻网,http://finance.sina.com.cn/g/20030625/0749356410.shtml,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 13 日。
⑦《卫生部最后一次公布每日疫情:中国内地无“非典”病人》,2003 年 8 月 16 日,中国网,http://www.china.org.cn/chinese/zhuanti/feiyan/386425.htm, 最近查询,2006 年 7 月 20 日。
⑧《2004 年 1 月-5 月中旬全国内地传染性非典型肺炎疫情监测和控制情况》,2004 年 6 月 28 日,中华人民共和国卫生部,http://www.moh.gov.cn/newshtml/14129.htm,最近查询,2007 年 4 月 16 日。
①《北京市撤销防止非典指挥部》,2004 年 6 月 2 日,新华网, http://www.bj.xinhuanet.com/bjpd_bjzq/2004-06/02/content_2235990.htm,最近查询,2006 年 7 月 20 日。
②《非典疫情零报告暂停》,2003 年 6 月 2 日,光明网, http://www.gmw.cn/03pindao/2004-06/02/content_37287.htm,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 13 日。
③《北京撤销市防治非典指挥部》,2004 年 6 月 2 日,上引网址。
④《世界卫生组织 SARS 全球疫情报告(2002 年 11 月 1 日—2003 年 7 月 31 日)》,2003 年 9 月 26 日更新,世界卫生组织网站,http://www.who.int/csr/sars/country/table2003_09_23/en/,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 13日查询。
⑤ 《越南成功控制非典》,2003 年 4 月 30 日,人民网,http://www.people.com.cn/GB/paper68/9077/845150.html,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 14 日。
⑥ WHO, 2003c, “Update39-Optimism in Viet Nam, caution urged when using diagnostic tests”, available: http://www.who.int/csr/sars/archive/2003_04_25/en/, [accessed on March 14, 2007].
⑦ Stacey Knobler, et al., p.7.
① 参见:《世卫宣布越南为全球首个成功控制 SARS 疫情国家》,2003 年 4 月 28 日,中国新闻网,http://news.sina.com.cn/w/2003-04-28/1644101736s.shtml,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 14 日。
② Donald E. Low and M.D., FRCPC, “SARS: Lessons From Toronto”, Learning From SARS: Preparing for the Next Disease Outbreak, eds., Stacey Knobler, et al. (Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press, 2004), p.68.
③ Stacey Knobler, et al., p.9.
④ WHO, 2003d, “Update 70-Singopore removed from list of areas with local SARS”, available: http://www.who.int/csr/don/2003_05_30a/en/print.html, [accessed on March 14, 2007].
⑤《新加坡正式 9 日确诊的非典患者是在实验室染病》,2003 年 9 月 23 日,中国新闻网,http://news.sina.com.cn/w/2003-09-23/1740806094s.shtml, 最近查询,2007 年 3 月 14 日。
①《生死较量》,2003 年第九期,人民网,http://www.people.com.cn/GB/paper81/9356/867097.html,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 14 日。
②《广州如何抗击不明病毒》,2003 年 2 月 13 日,《南方周末》,http://www.nanfangdaily.com.cn/zm/20030213/xw/tb/200302130499.asp,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 14 日。
③《生死较量》,2003 年第九期,人民网,http://www.people.com.cn/GB/paper81/9356/867097.html,最近查询, 2007 年 3 月 14 日。
①《生死较量》,2003 年第九期,人民网,http://www.people.com.cn/GB/paper81/9356/867097.html,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 14 日。
②《生死较量》,2003 年第九期,人民网,http://www.people.com.cn/GB/paper81/9356/867097.html,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 14 日。
③ 同上。
④《广州如何抗击不明病毒》,2003 年 2 月 13 日,南方周末,http://www.nanfangdaily.com.cn/zm/20030213/xw/tb/200302130499.asp,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 14 日。
⑤《生死较量》,2003 年第九期,人民网,http://www.people.com.cn/GB/paper81/9356/867097.html,最近查询, 2007 年 3 月 14 日。
⑥ “Global Alert: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)”,Epidemiological Bulletin, Vol. 24 No. 1, , (March 2003), available: http://www.paho.org/english/dd/ais/be_v24n1-SARS.htm, [acceessed on March 14,2007].
①《卫生部公布内地“非典”最新疫情》,2003 年 4 月 15 日,中国新闻网,http://news.sohu.com/89/03/news208510389.shtml,最近查询,2007 年 4 月 2 日。
②《国务院新闻办举行发布会介绍“非典”最新疫情》,2003 年 4 月 20 日,央视国际,http://www.cctv.com/news/china/20030420/100371.shtml,最近查询,2007 年 4 月 2 日。
③ Yanzhong Huang, “The SARS Epidemic and Its Aftermath in China: a Political perspective”, Learning from SARS: Preparing for the Next Disease Outbreak, eds., Stacey Knobler, et al., (Washington D. C.: The National Academies Press, 2004), pp.116-136.
①《生死较量》,2003 年第九期,人民网,http://www.people.com.cn/GB/paper81/9356/867097.html,最近查询, 2007 年 3 月 14 日。
②《抗非斗士钟南山》,2003 年 5 月 21 日,《南方日报》,http://www.nanfangdaily.com.cn/zt/zt/149feiy/200305210010.asp,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 15 日。
③《国务院新闻办公室举行新闻发布会》,2003 年 4 月 21 日,《人民日报》,第 2 版。
① 《国务院新闻办公室举行新闻发布会》,人民日报,2003 年 4 月 21 日,第 2 版。
② 同上。
③ 同上。
④ 《中央免去张文康孟学农职务》,2003 年 4 月 21 日,《京华时报》,第 A01 版。
①《中央领导防止“非典”指示汇总》,2007 年 3 月 15 日,新华网政府在线频道,http://news.xinhuanet.com/zhengfu/2003-04/18/content_839822.htm,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 15 日。
② 同上。
③《中华人民共和国国务院令,第 376 号》,2005 年 5 月 20 日,国务院办公厅,http://www.gov.cn/zwgk/2005-05/20/content_145.htm,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 15 日。
④《中国内地抗击非典大事记》,2003 年 6 月 25 日,新浪网新闻中心,http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2003-06-25/0308262648s.shtml,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 15 日。
① 同上。
②《高强谈中国控制“非典”疫情发展的五项措施》,新华网,http://news.21cn.com/domestic/guoshi/2003-04-20/1014467.html,最近查询 2007 年 3 月 15 日。
③《中央领导防止“非典”指示汇总》,2007 年 3 月 15 日,新华网政府在线频道,http://news.xinhuanet.com/zhengfu/2003-04/18/content_839822.htm,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 15 日。
④《奇迹——小汤山医院建设纪实》,2003 年 5 月 3 日,《焦点访谈》栏目,央视网站,http://www.cctv.com/news/focus/today/20030503/4.html,最近查询,2007 年 4 月 3 日。
①《世界卫生组织对中国控制非典合作精神表示满意》,2003 年 4 月 23 日,中国网,http://www.china.org.cn/chinese/HIAW/319132.htm,最近查询 2007 年 3 月 15 日。
② Robert F. Breiman, et al., “Role of China in the Quest to Define and Control SARS”, Learning From SARS: Preparing for the Next Disease, eds., Stacey Knobler, et al. (Washington D.C.: The National Academies Press, 2004), pp.56-62.
③《北京最后一批非典患者康复出院》,2003 年 8 月 16 日,人民网,http://www.people.com.cn/GB/shehui/1062/2020223.html,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 15 日。
① J.S Mackenzie, et al., “The WHO Response to SARS and Preparations for the Future”, Learning From SARS: Preparing for the Next Disease, eds., Stacey Knobler, et al. (Washington D.C.: The National Academies Press, 2004), p.43.
② WHO, 2003a, “Acute respiratory syndrome in China”, available: http://www.who.int/csr/don/2003_2_20/en/, [accessed on December 17,2003]
③ Ibid.
④ The operational response to SARS, available: http://www.who.int/csr/sars/goarn2003_4_16/en/, [accessed on March 15,2007].
① Reducing the risk of importing SARS through international travel, available: http://www.wpro.who.int/sars/docs/interimguidelines/part6.asp, [accessed on March 15,2007].
② Heymann DL & Rodier GR, “WHO surveillance of emerging and re-emerging infectious disease”, Lancet Infectious Disease, Vol.1, No.5,( 2001), pp.345-353.
① WHO Library Cataloguing in Publication Data, SARS: how a global epidemic was stopped, WHO Health Organization, 2006, p52. 资料来源:中国国家图书馆国际组织与外国政府出版物,索取号:WHO/2006.3.
② J.S Mackenzie, et al., “The WHO Response to SARS and preparations for the future”, Learning from SARS: Preparing for the next Disease Outbreak, eds., Stacey Knobler, et al. (Washington D.C.: The National Academic Press, 2004), p.44.
③ Ibid.
④ WHO Library Cataloguing in Publication Data, p.54.
① WHO Library Cataloguing in Publication Data, p.54.
② Ibid., p.56.
③ Ibid., p59.
④ Ibid.
① J.S Mackenzie, et al., P45.
② WHO Library Cataloguing in Publication Data, p.61.
① WHO Library Cataloguing in Publication Data, p.64.
② Ibid., p.62.
③ Ibid., p.63.
① “World Health Organization issues emergency travel advisory, Geneva”, World Health Organization, 15 March 2003, available: http://www.who.int/csr/sarsarchive/2003_03_15/en, [accessed on April 1, 2005].
② J.S Mackenzie, et al., p.46.
① 《世界卫生组织在中国的国家合作战略——2004-2008 战略优先事项》,世界卫生组织西太平洋办公室网站,http://www.wpro.who.int/NR/rdonlyres/252B0C50-79AC-4759-90CD-E18481A779D1/0/CCSbook_cn.pdf,第 17 页,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 17 日。
② 杨功焕:《SARS 的流行与中国公共卫生系统》,中国网,http://www.china.org.cn/chinese/zhuanti/2004shxs/483067.htm,最近查询, 2007 年 1 月 27 日。
③《世界卫生组织在中国的国家合作战略——2004-2008 战略优先事项》,第 15 页,上引网址。
①《<突发公共卫生时间应急条例>公布(全文)》,2003 年 5 月 12 日,人民网,http://www.people.com.cn/GB/shizheng/19/20030512/990224.html,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 17 日。
②《中华人民共和国卫生部令(37 号)》,2003 年 12 月 12 日,中华人民共和国卫生部网站,http://www.moh.gov.cn/newshtml/3145.htm,最近查询,2007 年 1 月 27 日。
③《国家突发公共卫生事件应急预案》,2006 年 2 月 26 日,中央政府门户网站,http://www.gov.cn/yjgl/2006-02/26.htm,最近查询,2007 年 1 月 27 日。
① 庞中英:《120 多个国家采取限制,反思后非典时期中国外交》,2003 年 6 月 16 日,清华大学网站,http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/docsn/shxx/site/chinac/liudb/sars/lanmu/zhuanjia/03-6-17/2.htm,最近查询,2007年 3 月 18 日。
② 同上。
③《吴仪表示中国政府愿在应对全球疾病灾害方面发挥建设性作用》,2003 年 5 月 21 日,中华人民共和国交通部网站,http://www.moc.gov.cn/news/2003-05/t20031231_5335.htm,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 18 日。
④ 庞中英:《120 多个国家采取限制,反思后非典时期中国外交》,2003 年 6 月 16 日,上引网址
⑤《高强表示中国要同世界卫生组织广泛加强合作》,2003 年 6 月 12 日,新浪网,http://www.news.sina.com.cn/c/2003-06-12.htm,最近查询,2007 年 1 月 28 日。
⑥《高强表示中国要同世界卫生组织广泛加强合作》,2003 年 6 月 12 日,新浪网,http://www.news.sina.com.cn/c/2003-06-12.htm,最近查询,2007 年 1 月 28 日。
①《世界卫生组织在中国的合作战略——2004-2008 战略优先事项》,上引网址。
② “China and WHO collaborate to fight emerging infectious disease”, WPRO, June 12 2006, available: http://www.wpro.who.int/document/ html [accessed on February 23, 2007].
③ “China and WHO collaborate to fight emerging infectious disease”, WPRO, June 12 2006, available: http://www.wpro.who.int/document/ html [accessed on February 23, 2007].
① David P. Fidler, “SARS: Political Pathology of the First Post-Westphalia Pathogen”, Learning From SARS: Preparing for the Next Disease, eds., Stacey Knobler et al. (Washington. D. C.: The National Academies Press, 2004), pp.110-6.
①Brownlie, I., Principles of Public International Law, 5th edn (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998), p.289.
② Jackson, R, “The Evolution of International Society”, The Globalization o f World Politics: An Introduction to International Relations, 2nd edn, eds., J. Baylis & S. Smith (New York: Oxford University, 2001), pp.35-50.
③ SS Lotus, “Permanent Court of International Justice”, International Law Coursebook, eds., A.D’Amato, et al. (Cincinnati: Anderson Publishing), 1994, pp.67-77.
④ International Health Regulation(1969), Wold Health Organization, 1983, available: http://www.who.int/csr/ihr/ihr1969.pdf, [Accessed on March 17, 2007].
① David P. Fidler, “SARS: Political Pathology of the First Post-Westphalia Pathogen”, p.111.
② International Health Regulation (1969), pp.20-24, website referred above.
① Smith, R. and Woodward, D. “Global Public Goods for Health: Use and Limitation”, Global Public Goods for Health: Health Economic and Public Health Perspectives, eds., R.D. Smith et al. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003), pp.246-65.
② David P. Fidler, “SARS: Political Pathology of the First Post-Westphalia Pathogen”, p.113.
③ David P. Fidler, SARS, Governance and the Globalization of Disease (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004), pp.35-41.
④ Ibid., p.36.
⑤ Ibid., p.35.
⑥ Ibid., p.37.
① David P. Fidler, SARS, Governance and the Globalization of Disease, p.40.
② Kelly Lee, and Richard Dodgson, “Globalization and Cholera: Implications for Global Governance”, Health Impacts of Global Governance, ed., K. Lee, (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003), p.138.
③ David P. Fidler, SARS, Governance and the Globalization of Disease, p.53.
④ Ibid., p.52.
⑤ Ibid., p.53.
⑥ Ibid., pp.53-54.
① David P. Fidler, SARS, Governance and the Globalization of Disease, pp.57-60.
② Ibid.
① 刘俊主编:《关注海啸》,北京·军事科学出版社,2005 年版,第 47 页。
② 毛磊,何德功:《印度洋海啸为减灾提供十大教训》,2005 年 1 月 22 日,中国法院网,http://www.chinacourt.org/public/detail.php?id=147691,最近查询,2007 年 4 月 2 日。
③ 刘俊主编:《关注海啸》,第 30 页。
④ William Jefferson Clinton, “Where we stand one year later”, International Herald Tribune, December 23, 2005, available: http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/12/23/news/edclinton.php, [accessed on March 18, 2007].
① Karl F. Inderfurth, David Fabrycky and Stephen P. Cohen, “The Tsunami Report Card”, Foreign Policy Magazine, December, 2005, available: http://www..gwu.edu/~elliott/faculty/reportcard.pdf, [accessed on March 18, 2007].
②《印度洋海啸灾难后的工作报告》,中国地震信息网,http://www.csi.ac.cn/wjf/dzll/genzong/indonesia041226/report_un.htm,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 18 日。
③ 同上。
④ Karl F. Inderfurth, David Fabrycky and Stephen P. Cohen, “The Tsunami Report Card”, website referred above.
⑤《印度洋海啸灾难后的工作报告》,上引网址。
⑥ 同上。
① 资料整理自: “United Nations Coordinated International Response to Tsunami”, May 9,2005, available: http://www.unfoundation.org/files/pdf/2005/UNroleintsunamirelief.pdf, [accessed on March 18, 2007], “Coordination and the Indian Ocean Tsunami”, available: http://ochaonline.un.org/ocha2006/chap6_1.htm, [accessed on March 18, 2007], and “Indian Ocean Earthquake-Tsunami 2005 flash appeal”, available: http://www.humanitarianinfo.org/sumatra/inc/docs/MTR_2005_IndianOceanTsunami.pdf, [accessed on March 18, 2007] .
② William L. Waugh, JR, Living with Hazards, Dealing with Disasters (New York: M.E. Sharpe, Inc., 1984), pp.48-49.
③ “National Post-Tsunami Lessons Learned and Best Practices”, Workshop Report, June 8-9, 2005, available: http://www.reliefweb.int/library/documents/2005/ocha-lka-05jul.pdf, [accessed on March 18, 2007].
① “Tsunami Thailand-One Year Later”, Joint Report by United Nations County Team and Royal Thailand Government, available: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTEASTASIAPACIFIC/Resources/TsunamiTH_One-Year-Later.pdf, [accessed on March 18, 2007], & “The Tsunami Appeal for South and South East Asia”, available: http://www.tsunamispecialenvoy.org/pdf/ADH_Evaluation_Layout.pdf, [accessed on March 18, 2007].
② Roberta Cohen, “The Tsunami Tragedy: Political, Economic, and Environmental Lessons”, January 25, 2005, available: http://wwwnotes.reliefweb.int/w/RWB.NSF/8b7d095431371f6e852567cb008396bb/36a8d0aa6bb7cf0fc1256faf0051332f?OpenDocument, [accessed on July 19, 2006].
① Kirsten E. Schulze, “Between Conflict and Peace: Tsunami Aid and Reconstruction in Aceh”, November 2005, available: http://www.lse.ac.uk/Depts/global/Publications/HumanSecurityReport/Tsunami/Aceh%20Tsunami%20Response.pdf, [accessed on March 18, 2007].
①《布什宣布美日澳印成立国际联盟救助海啸灾难》,2004 年 12 月 30 日,新华网,http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2004-12/30/content_2394105.htm,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 18 日。
② 李少军:《印度洋海啸对国际关系的影响》,2005 年 1 月 25 日,《中国社会科学院院报》, http://www.iwep.org.cn/pdf/2005/ydyhx.pdf,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 18 日。
③ 以上观点出处:同上。
④《海啸救援给世界一个机会(清华-环球论坛)》,2005 年 1 月 26 日,人民网,http://www.people.com.cn/GB/paper68/13960/1246114.html,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 18 日。
①《海啸救援给世界一个机会(清华-环球论坛)》,2005 年 1 月 26 日,人民网,http://www.people.com.cn/GB/paper68/13960/1246114.html,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 18 日。
②《联合国对美国解散海啸救灾国际联盟表示欢迎》,2005 年 1 月 7 日,新华网,http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2005-01/07/content_2426234.htm,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 18 日。
③ Karl F. Inderfurth, David Fabrycky and Stephen P. Cohen, “The Tsunami Report Card”, Foreign Policy Magazine, December 2005, available: http://www..gwu.edu/~elliott/faculty/reportcard.pdf, [accessed on March 18, 2007].
④ Ibid.
① 常驻联合国代表团科技组:《印度洋海啸灾难后的工作报告》,上引网址。
② 同上。
③ 同上。
④ “Tsunami Thailand-One Year Later”, p.47, available: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTEASTASIAPACIFIC/Resources/TsunamiTH_One-Year-Later.pdf, [accessed lately on March 18, 2007].
①《联合国官员:印度洋海啸救援“空前有效”》,2005 年 1 月 21 日,新华网,http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2005-01/21/content_2488511.htm,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 18 日。
② Kirsten E. Schulze, “Between Conflict and Peace: Tsunami Aid and Reconstruction in Aceh”, November 2005, website referred above, p.7.
③ 这些复原计划包括:灾难发生三个月后,印度尼西亚政府公布了《关于亚齐省、尼亚斯岛和苏门达腊北部恢复和重建总计划》,然后成立了恢复和重建执行局,来监测该计划的执行情况;印尼政府还成立了一个政府专门机构,并具有明确任务规定和积极安排工作人员,很好地与国际社会一道根据一套共同的价值观念和标准制定复原和重建方案。在斯里兰卡,2005 年 7 月公布了联合国系统制定的为期二十四个月的过渡战略,这一战略为该国政府海啸之后的复原新计划提供支持。在印度,印度政府规划委员会成立了协调各部的核心小组,为所有受灾地区制定和管理为期 156 周共计 21.9 亿美元的恢复方案。在泰国,政府为安达曼海岸沿线受海啸影响的地区成立一个恢复管理和发展委员会。在马尔代夫,政府已制定一项详细的国家复原和重建计划,其目标包括宏观经济复苏和恢复生计,加强社区能力,保护环境和防灾,以及有效提供公共服务等。
④ 常驻联合国代表团科技组:《印度洋海啸灾难后的工作报告》,上引网址。
⑤ 同上。
① 常驻联合国代表团科技组:《印度洋海啸灾难后的工作报告》,上引网址。
② Tsunami Thailand-One Year Later, website referred above, p.47
③《安南任命克林顿为联合国海啸救灾特使》,2005 年 2 月 2 日,新华网,http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2005-02/02/content_2537573.htm,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 18 日。
④ “Lessons Learned from Tsunami Recovery”, NGOs Report to President Clinton, October 31,2006, http://www.tsunamisepcialenvoy.org/default.aspx 2006 年 11 月 13 日查询。
⑤ 常驻联合国代表团科技组:《印度洋海啸灾难后的工作报告》,上引网址。
⑥《克林顿最后一次主持海啸复苏会议》, 2006 年 11 月 15 日,联合国新闻,http://www.un.org/chinese/News/fullstorynews.asp?newsID=6801,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 18 日。
⑦ 同上。
⑧ 常驻联合国代表团科技组:《印度洋海啸灾难后的工作报告》,上引网址。
① 常驻联合国代表团科技组:《印度洋海啸灾难后的工作报告》,上引网址。
② Humanitarian Information Center for Sumatra, available: http://www.humanitarianinfo.org/, [accessed on March 18, 2007].
③ 常驻联合国代表团科技组:《印度洋海啸灾难后的工作报告》,上引网址。
④ “United Nations Coordinated International Response to Tsunami”, May 9,2005, available: http://www.unfoundation.org/files/pdf/2005/UNroleintsunamirelief.pdf, [accessed on March 18, 2007].
⑤ Tsunami-Related Resources across the United Nations, Websites, available: http://portal.unesco.org/unesco/ev.php?URL_ID=24840&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=-473, [accessed on March 18, 2007].
① “United Nations Coordinated International Response to Tsunami”, May 9,2005, available: http://www.unfoundation.org/files/pdf/2005/UNroleintsunamirelief.pdf, [accessed on March 18, 2007].
② Ibid.
③ Ibid.
④ “Factsheet: How does tsunami relief fit together?”, January 17, 2005, available: http://www.alertnet.org/thefacts/reliefresources/110598369352.htm, [accessed on March 18, 2007].
⑤ “United Nations Coordinated International Response to Tsunami”, websites referred above.
⑥ “Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Thailand: Earthquake and Tsunami”, OCHA Situation Report No. 29, February 2005, available: http://www.undp.org/bcpr/disred/documents/tsunami/ocha/sitrep29.pdf, [accessed on March 19, 2007], “Indonesia: Tsunami – OCHA-21: 26-Jan-05”, available: http://cidi.org/disaster/05a/ixl48.html, [accessed lately on March 19, 2007].
⑦ “Coordination of Emergency Response”, available: http://www.reliefweb.int/ocha_ol/programs/response/service.html, [accessed on March 19, 2007].
⑧ “United Nations Coordinated International Response to Tsunami”, websites referred above.
① 以上资料来自,李国章:《印尼亚齐呈现和平曙光》,2005 年 7 月 20 日,《经济日报》,第八版。
② Pieter Feith, “Paper presented by Head of Aceh Monitoring Mission for the Center for European Studies”, University of Indonesia Seminar Beyond the Tsunami from Recovery to Peace, Jakarta, May 3, 2006, available: http://www.aceh-mm.org/download/english/The%20AMM%20Experience.pdf, [accessed on March 19, 2007].
③ “Conflict and Peacemaking in Aceh: A Chronology”, available:http://www.worldwatch.org/features/disasters/aceh-timeline, [accessed on March 19, 2007].
④ “Aceh and Nias one Year after the Tsunami, the Recovery Effort and Way Forward”, BRR, December 2005, p.19, available: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTEASTASIAPACIFIC/Resources/1YR_tsunami_advance_release.pdf,[accessed on March 19, 2007].
① Kirsten E. Schulze, “Between Conflict and Peace: Tsunami Aid and Reconstruction in Aceh”, November 2005, website referred above, p.3.
② Ibid.
③ “2004 Tsunami Crisis-Impact on Indonesia”, available: http://www.ringsurf.com/info/News/Tsunami/Indonesia/, [accessed on March 19, 2007].
④ 以上资料来源,陈占杰:《斯里兰卡:重大伤亡折射尖锐民族矛盾》,2006 年 10 月 17 日,新华网,http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2006-10/17/content_5216047.htm?rss=1,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 19 日。
⑤ “Faltering Sri Lankan Peace Process, Sri Lanka’s Drift Back into War”, Journal of International Peace Operations, Vol.2 No.3, November-December, 2006, available: http://www.usip.org/specialists/bios/documents/fair_jipo, [accessed on March 19, 2007].
① 俞懿晗,李双:《四大视角看海啸遗产:非凡的给与和无尽的冲突》,2005 年 12 月 26 日,《东方早报》,中国网,http://www.china.org.cn/chinese/PI-c/1072621.htm,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 19 日。
② 固山:《共同悲伤为和平铺路,海啸推动斯里兰卡和平进程》,2004 年 12 月 31 日,中国新闻网,http://www.chinanews.com.cn/news/2004/2004-12-31/26/523280.shtml,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 19 日。
③ 陈占杰:《斯里兰卡:重大伤亡折射尖锐民族矛盾》,上引网址。
④ 固山:《共同悲伤为和平铺路,海啸推动斯里兰卡和平进程》,上引网址。
① Melissa Tjota, “Sri Lanka and the Fight for Peace”, May 6, 2006, available: http://hir.harvard.edu/articles/1306/, [accessed on March 19, 2007].
② “Aceh Conflict Monitoring Update”, http://www.conflictanddevelopment.org/resources/documents/Aceh/200511151057110.Aceh%20Conflict%20Monitoring%20Update%20-%20October.pdf, [accessed on November 19, 2006].
③ Christine Susanna Tjihin, “Post Tsunami Reconstruction and Peace Building in Aceh: Political Impacts and Potential Risks”, Political and Social Change Working Paper Series, October, 2005, available: http://www.csis.or.id/working_paper_file/59/wps053.pdf, [accessed on March 19, 2007].
④ Ibid.
①《印度尼西亚亚齐问题》,新华网,http://www.news.xinhuanet.com/ziliao/2002-12/10/content_655031,最近 查询,2007 年 3 月 19 日。
② Kirsten E. Schulze, “Between Conflict and Peace: Tsunami Aid and Reconstruction in Aceh”, November 2005, website referred above, p.3.
③ GSP-plus 是提供给印度洋海啸受灾国家输欧纺织品及成衣免关税的优惠。
④ Benita Ferrero-Waldner, “Time to Take a Leaf From the Aceh story”, Commissioner for External Relations European Commission, December, 12,2006, available: http://peaceinsrilanka.org/peace2005/Insidepage/InternationalSupport/EuropeanCommission/EUMediaRel120106.asp, [accessed on March 19, 2007].
① Kirsten E. Schulze, “Between Conflict and Peace: Tsunami Aid and Reconstruction in Aceh”, November 2005, website referred above p.3.
② “Background” ,Sri Lanka Monitoring Mission, available: http://www.slmm.lk/, [accessed on March 19, 2007].
③ “Faltering Sri Lankan Peace Process, Sri Lanka’s Drift Back into War”, website referred above.
④ Ibid.
⑤《印度尼西亚亚齐问题》,2002 年 12 月 20 日,新华网,http://www.news.xinhuanet.com/ziliao/2002-12/10/content_655031
①《印尼政府和“自由亚齐运动”正式签署和平协议》,2005 年 8 月 15 日,新华网,http://news.xinhuanet.com/photo/2005-08/15/content_3357222_6.htm,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 19 日。
② “Aceh Monitoring Mission-AMM”, available: http://www.consilium.europa.eu/cms3_fo/showPage.ASP?id=961&lang=EN&mode=g, [accessed on March 19, 2007].
③《“自由亚齐运动”宣布解散其军事组织》,2005 年 12 月 27 日,新华网,http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2005-12/27/content_3976802.htm,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 19 日。
④《印尼国会通过〈亚齐自治法〉》,2006 年 7 月 11 日,新华网,http://news.xinhuanet.com/newscenter/2006-07/11/content_4819432.htm,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 19 日。
① V.S. Sambandan, “Sri Lanka’s Post-Tsunami Peace Moves”, June 6, 2005, available: http://www.hindu.com/2005/06/06/stories/2005060602981100.htm,[accessed on March 19, 2007.]
② “Faltering Sri Lankan Peace Process, Sri Lanka’s Drift Back into War”, website referred above.
③ 俞懿晗,李双:《四大视角看海啸遗产:非凡的给与和无尽的冲突》,2005 年 12 月 26 日,《东方早报》,中国网,http://www.china.org.cn/chinese/PI-c/1072621.htm,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 19 日。
④《斯里兰卡和平前景难卜》,2005 年 12 月 29 日,《人民日报》,第三版。
⑤《斯里兰卡停火监督委员会办公室遭袭击》,2006 年 1 月 14 日,华语在线广播,http://gb.cri.cn/1321/2006/01/14/157@861330.htm,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 20 日。
① “Faltering Sri Lankan Peace Process, Sri Lanka’s Drift Back into War”, website referred above.
② “Faltering Sri Lankan Peace Process, Sri Lanka’s Drift Back into War”, website referred above.
③ 陈继辉:《斯里兰卡:和平进程面临危险》,2006 年 12 月 5 日,新华网,http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2006-12/05/content_5435292.htm,最近查询,2007 年 4 月 2 日。
④ Benita Ferrero-Waldner, “Time to Take a Leaf From the Aceh story”, website referred above.
① 刘俊主编:《关注海啸》,北京·军事科学出版社,2005 年版, 第 7 页。
② 震源指地球内部发生地震的地方,也称震源区。震源深度指,如果把震源看成一个点,那么这个点到地面的垂直距离就为震源深度。
③ 震级是表征地震强弱的量度,通常用字母 M 表示,他与地震所释放的能量有关。我国目前使用的震级标准是国际上通用的里氏分级表,共分 9 个等级。在实际测量中,震级则是根据地震仪对地震波所作的记录计算出来的。地震越大,震级的数字也越大。震级每相差 1 级,能量相差大约 32 倍;每相差 2 集,能量相差约 1000 倍。也就是说一个 6 级地震下相当于 32 个 5 级地震,而一个 7 级地震相当于 1000 个 5 级地震。一个 6 级地震释放的能量,相当于美国投掷在日本广岛的原子弹所具有的能量。目前世界上最大的地震震级为 9 级。
④ 刘俊主编:《关注海啸》,第 7-8 页。
⑤ Mike Weatherford and Nancy Bohrer, “South Asia Disaster Response”, Imagery Analysis, available: http://www.citystar.com/~mweather/imagery.htm, [accessed on March 20, 2007].
⑥ 刘俊主编:《关注海啸》,第 44 页。
① Mike Weatherford and Nancy Bohrer, “South Asia Disaster Response”, website referred above.
② 刘俊主编:《关注海啸》,第 45 页。
③ Charles Meade, “Get Proactive with Disaster”, Philadelphia Inquirer, September 27, 2005, available: http://www.rand.org/commentary/092705PI.html, [accessed on April 2, 2007].
④ 刘俊主编:《关注海啸》,第 77 页。
⑤ 明阳:《海啸的监测和国际海啸预警系统》,2006 年 7 月 25 日,《中国海洋报》,http://www.soa.gov.cn/oceannews/hyb1525/45.htm,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 20 日。
① 刘俊主编:《关注海啸》,第 77 页。
② 同上。
③ 明阳:《海啸的监测和国际海啸预警系统》,2006 年 7 月 25 日,上引网址。
④ 同上。
⑤ “Global Survey of Early Warning Systems”, A report prepared at the request of the Secretary-General of the United Nations, September, 2006, p.13, available: http://www.unisdr.org/ppew/info-resources/ewc3/Global-Survey-of-Early-Warning-Systems.pdf, [accessed on March 20, 2007].
⑥ Ibid.
① 刘俊主编:《关注海啸》,第 78 页。
② 与王绍玉的谈话, 2006 年 6 月。王绍玉,哈尔滨工业大学国际经贸关系学院,博士生导师,研究方向:环境与区域经济安全、灾害管理及人力资源管理。
③ Roberta Cohen, “Measuring Indonesia’s Response to Tsunami”, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, January 12, 2006. Available: http://www.brookings.edu/fp/projects/idp/200601_RC_tsunami.pdf, P.3, [accessed lately on March 20, 2007].
④ “Report on Main Findings”, Government of Maldives and United Nations Post-Tsunami Lessons Learned and Best Practices Workshop, Maldives, May 17-18, 2005, p.2. Available: http://www.reliefweb.int/library/documents/2005/ocha-mdv-05jul.pdf, [accessed lately on March 20, 2007].
① 马尔代夫的资料整理自:“Report on Main Findings”, Government of Maldives and United Nations Post-Tsunami Lessons Learned and Best Practices Workshop, Maldives, May 17-18, 2005, available: http://www.reliefweb.int/library/documents/2005/ocha-mdv-05jul.pdf, [accessed on March 20, 2007].
② 斯里兰卡的资料整理自:“Report”, National Pos-Tsunami Lessons Learned and Best Practices Workshop, Sri Lanka, June 8-9, 2005, available: http://www.reliefweb.int/library/documents/2005/ocha-lka-05jul.pdf, [accessed on March 20, 2007].
① “Tsunami Thailand-one Year Later”, Joint Report by United Nations County Team and Royal Thailand Government, available: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTEASTASIAPACIFIC/Resources/TsunamiTH_One-Year-Later.pdf, [accessed lately on March 20, 2007].
② ISDR, (International Strategy for Disaster Reduction )国际减灾战略,旨在通过加强国际社会减灾重要性的认识建立抗灾社会,减少自然灾害和相关的技术和环境灾难对人类、社会、经济和环境的损害。
③ “Global Survey of Early Warning Systems”, A report prepared at the request of the Secretary-General of the United Nations, September, 2006, p.2, available: http://www.unisdr.org/ppew/info-resources/ewc3/Global-Survey-of-Early-Warning-Systems.pdf, [accessed on March 20, 2007].
④ “Global Survey of Early Warning Systems”, A report prepared at the request of the Secretary-General of the United Nations, September, 2006, p.2, available: http://www.unisdr.org/ppew/info-resources/ewc3/Global-Survey-of-Early-Warning-Systems.pdf, [accessed onMarch 20, 2007].
① Reid Basher, “Global early warning systems for natural hazards: systematic and people-centered”, Phil. Tans. R. Soc. A(2006), June 28, 2006, p.1268, available: http://www.unisdr.org/ppew/info-resources/docs/RSTA20061819p.pdf, [accessed on March 29, 2007].
② Ibid.
③ Ibid.
④ “Global Survey of Early Warning Systems”, A report prepared at the request of the Secretary-General of the United Nations, September, 2006,website referred above.
① “Global Survey of Early Warning Systems”, A report prepared at the request of the Secretary-General of the United Nations, September, 2006,website referred above.
② Ibid.
③ “In Larger Freedom: towards development, security and human rights for all (A/59/2005)”, available: http://www.un.org/largerfreedom, [accessed on March 20, 2007].
④ “Preliminary Survey of Early Warning Systems”, July 29, 2005, available: http://www.wmo.ch/disasters/downloads/2005.07.29%20-%20WMO%20Preliminary%20Survey%20of%20EWS%20to%20Support%20UN%20Secreatry%20General%20Report.doc, [accessed on March 20, 2007].
⑤ “Global Survey of Early Warning Systems”, A report prepared at the request of the Secretary-General of the United Nations, September, 2006,website referred above.
①《教科文组织将启动印度洋海啸预警系统》,2005 年 6 月 21 日,联合国新闻,http://www.un.org/chinese/News/fullstorynews.asp?newsID=3872,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 20 日。
② “Evaluation and Strengthening of Early Warning Systems in Countries Affected by the 26 December 2004 Tsunami”, available: http://www.unisdr-earlywarning.org/tewis, [accessed on November 13, 2006].
③ Ibid.
① “Evaluation and Strengthening of Early Warning Systems in Countries Affected by the 26 December 2004 Tsunami”, available: http://www.unisdr-earlywarning.org/tewis, [accessed on November 13, 2006].
② “Proposed Strategy for Building Resilience to Tsunamis in the Indian Ocean 2006-2008”, ISDR, available: http://www.unisdr.org/ppew/tsunami/news-events/Future-strategy-2006-2008.doc, [accessed on March 20, 2007].
①《印尼发生里氏 7.2 级地震,据称可能引发地区性海啸》,2006 年 7 月 17 日,央视国际,http://news.cctv.com/world/20060717/103953.shtml,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 20 日。
② “Magnitude 7.7-South of Java, Indonesia”, July 17, 2006, available: http://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/eqinthenews/2006/usqgaf/, [accessed on March 20, 2007].
③ “Information note on the 17 July 2006 Java tsunami and the performance of early warning systems”, prepared on as a briefing for ISDR partners by the ISDR secretariat and ISDR Platform for the promotion of early warning, July 21, 2006, available: http://www.unisdr.org/ppew/tsunami/pdf/Information-note-on-Java-tsunami.doc, [accessed on March 20, 2007].
④ Ibid.
⑤ Ibid.
⑥ Ibid.
① “Information note on the 17 July 2006 Java tsunami and the performance of early warning systems”, prepared on as a briefing for ISDR partners by the ISDR secretariat and ISDR Platform for the promotion of early warning, July 21, 2006, available: http://www.unisdr.org/ppew/tsunami/pdf/Information-note-on-Java-tsunami.doc, [accessed on March 20, 2007].
①《联合国海啸预警系统将扩及北大西洋地中海》,2005 年 11 月 24 日,环球网,http://www.singtaonet.com/global/world/t20051124_62012.html,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 20 日。
① Kirsten E. Schulze, “Between Conflict and Peace: Tsunami Aid and Reconstruction in Aceh”, November 2005, website referred above, p.16.
② Ibid., p.18.
③ Dennis Warner, “Moral Dilemmas in Disaster Response”, Prepared for the Annual Meeting of the Association for Practical and Professional Ethics, Florida, March 4, 2006, p.2, available: http://www.eng.umd.edu/ewb/files/moral.doc, [accessed on March 21, 2007].
① “Military Support in Humanitarian Assistance/Disaster Relief: Assessment Report Insights and Observations”, Emerald Express 06-1(EE 06-1), February 14-15, 2006, p.8, available: http://www.tsunamispecialenvoy.org/pdf/Miltiray-support-in-humanitarian.pdf, [accessed on March 21, 2007].
② Ibid., p.9.
③ “Code of Conduct for NGOs in Disaster Relief”, available: http://www.gdrc.org/ngo/codesofconduct/ifrc-codeconduct.html, [accessed on March 21, 2007].
④ Kirsten E. Schulze, “Between Conflict and Peace: Tsunami Aid and Reconstruction in Aceh”, November 2005, website referred above, p.12.
⑤ “Military Support in Humanitarian Assistance/Disaster Relief: Assessment Report Insights and Observations”, Emerald Express 06-1(EE 06-1), February 14-15, 2006, website referred above, p.9.
⑥ Kirsten E. Schulze, “Between Conflict and Peace: Tsunami Aid and Reconstruction in Aceh”, November 2005, website referred above, p.11.
① Kirsten E. Schulze, “Between Conflict and Peace: Tsunami Aid and Reconstruction in Aceh”, November 2005, website referred above, p.12.
② Ibid., p.11.
③ Ibid., p.11-12.
④ Jon Bennett, et al., “Coordination of international humanitarian assistance in tsunami-affected countries”, Evaluation Findings, Sri Lanka, available: http://www.tsunami-evaluation.org/NR/rdonlyres/6A1C7C4D-D99C-4ECE-A207-99589C212E78/0/coordination_sri_lanka.pdf, [accessed on March 21, 2007].
① Kirsten E. Schulze, “Between Conflict and Peace: Tsunami Aid and Reconstruction in Aceh”, November 2005, website referred above, p.13.
② Ed Aspinall, “Paranoia and politics in the Disaster Zone”, Sydney Morning Herald, February 3, 2005, available: http://www.smh.com.au/news/Opinion/Paranoia-and-politics-in-the-disaster-zone/2005/02/02/1107228765870.html, [accessed on March 21, 2007].
① Ed Aspinall, “Paranoia and politics in the Disaster Zone”, Sydney Morning Herald, February 3, 2005, available: http://www.smh.com.au/news/Opinion/Paranoia-and-politics-in-the-disaster-zone/2005/02/02/1107228765870.html, [accessed on March 21, 2007].
② Mr Pieter Feith, “Beyond the Tsunami From Recovery to Peace”, Paper Presented by Head of Aceh Monitoring Mission for the Center for European Studies,. Jakarta 3 May 2006, available: http://www.aceh-mm.org/download/english/The%20AMM%20Experience.pdf, [accessed on March 21, 2007].
② Kirsten E. Schulze, “Between Conflict and Peace: Tsunami Aid and Reconstruction in Aceh”, November 2005, website referred above, p.14.
① Kirsten E. Schulze, “Between Conflict and Peace: Tsunami Aid and Reconstruction in Aceh”, November 2005, website referred above, p.17.
② Pieter Feith, “Beyond the Tsunami From Recovery to Peace”, Paper Presented by Head of Aceh Monitoring Mission for the Center for European Studies,. Jakarta 3 May 2006, website referred above.
③ Max Martin,, “Missing the point”, Saturday, Medico International, July 23,2005, available: http://www.medico-international.de/projekte/suedasien/tsunami/20050723indiadisasters.asp, [accessed on March 21, 2007].
① David P. Fidler, SARS, Governance and the Globalization of Disease (New York: Palgrave Macnillan, 2004), pp.42-69.
① 转引自约翰?霍夫曼:《主权》,(陆彬译),长春·吉林人民出版社,2005 年版,第 1 页。
② 杨泽伟:《主权论—国际法上的主权问题及其发展趋势研究》,北京大学出版社,2006 年版,第 6 页。
①《联合国宪章》,联合国网站:http://www.un.org/chinese/aboutun/charter/chapter7.htm,最近查询,2007 年 4 月 11 日。
① 杨泽伟:《主权论——国际法上的主权问题及其发展趋势研究》,第 6 页。
① 参见张宇燕、李增刚:《全球公共产品的政治经济学分析》,载《现代国际经济学理论发展综述》(中国世 界经济学会组编),北京·中国人民大学出版社,2006 年版,第 294 页。
①《世界卫生组织第 A59/5 号文件》,2004 年 4 月 24 日,世界卫生组织网站,http://www.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA59/A59_5-en.pdf,最近查询,2007 年 1 月 22 日。
②《国际卫生条例(2005)》,世界卫生组织,http://www.un.org/chinese/esa/health/regulation/1.htm,最近查询,2007 年 4 月 16 日。
①《世界卫生组织第 A59/4 号文件》, 2006 年 4 月 24 日,世界卫生组织网站,http://www.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA59/A59_4-en.pdf,最近查询,2007 年 1 月 22 日。
① Director-General, “Policy for relations with nongovernmental organizations”, World Health Organization Fifty-Severn World Health Assembly, A57/32, April 1, 2004, available: http://www.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA57/A57_32-en.pdf, [accessed on March 22, 2007].
① 《印尼恢复向 WHO 提供病毒样本》,2007 年 3 月 29 日,《参考消息》, 第 7 版。
① Lee Chienhong, “International Cooperation in the world of Sovereign but Interdependent nation States”, Bell &Howell Information &Learning Company, pp.44-45.
① The Brookings Institution Project on Internal Displacement, Handbook for applying the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, 1999, pp.9-14, available: http://www.reliefweb.int/idp/docs/HandbookonIDPs.pdf, [accessed lately on March 24, 2007].
② The Brookings institution-University of Bern Project on Internal Displacement, “Addressing Internal Displacement: A framework for National Responsibility”, April 2005, pp31-39, available: http://www.brookings.edu/dybdocroot/fp/projects/idp/20050401_nrframework.pdf, [accessed lately on March 24, 2007].
③ Walter Kalin, “Protection of internally displaced persons in situation of natural disaster”, a working visit to Asia, February 21-March 5, 2005, p.9., available: http://www.brookings.edu/fp/projects/idp/20050227_tsunami.pdf, [accessed lately on March 24, 2007].
④ Roberta Cohen and Francis M. Deng, Masses in Flight: The Global Crisis of Internal Displacement (Washington D. C.: Brooking Institution, 1998), p. xix.
① Roberta Cohen, “Measuring Indonesia’s Response to Tsunami”, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, January 12, 2006. Available: http://www.brookings.edu/fp/projects/idp/200601_RC_tsunami.pdf, P.3, [accessed on March 20, 2007].
② Roberta Cohen, “Some Reflection on National and International Responsibility in Situations of Internal Displacement”, Spring 2004, pp.5-8. Available: http://www.brookings.edu/views/articles/cohenr/20040504.htm, [accessed on March 24, 2007].
① Tsunami-related resources across the United Nations, Websites. Available: http://portal.unesco.org/unesco/ev.php?URL_ID=24840&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=-473, [accessed on March 18, 2007].
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《人民日报》
《京华时报》
《南方周末》
《东方早报》
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① Rusell Hardin, Collective Action (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1982), P.17.
② 苏长和:《全球公共问题与国际合作:一种制度的分析》,上海·上海人民出版社,2000 年版,第 113 页。
③ Rusell Hardin, p.17.
④ David B. Bobrow & Mark A. Boyer, Defensive internationalism: Providing Public Goods in An Uncertain World (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2005), p.20.
⑤ Ibid.
⑥ Oliver Morrissey et.al., “Defining International Public Goods: Conceptual Issue”, International Public Goods--Incentives, Measurement, and Financing, eds., Maro Ferroni and Ashoka Mody (Norwell, Massachusetts: Kluwer Academic Publisher, 2002), p.34.
① 罗伯特·基欧汉、约瑟夫·奈:《权利与相互依赖(第三版)》(门洪华译),北京大学出版社,2002 年版, 第 14 页。
② 埃利诺·奥斯特罗姆:《公共事务的治理之道—集体行动制度的演进》(余逊达、陈旭东译),上海三联书店,2000 年版, 第一章。
① 苏长和:《全球公共问题与国际合作:一种制度的分析》,上海人民出版社,2000 年版,第 255 页。
① Oliver Morrissey, et al., “Defining International Public Goods: Conceptual Issues”, eds., Marco Ferroni & Ashoka Mody (Norwell, Massachusetts: Kluwer Academic Publisher, 2002), pp31-47.
② 保罗·塞缪尔森、威廉·诺德豪斯:《经济学(第十七版)》(肖琛主译),北京·人民邮电出版社,2004年版,第 29 页。
③ 张跃庆、张念宏主编:《经济大辞海》,北京·海洋出版社,1992 年版,第 86-87 页。
④ 1978 年颁布的《中华人民共和国宪法》中,该法第 11 条第 3 款规定“国家保护环境和自然资源, 防治污染和其他公害”。《中华人民共和国宪法(1978 年)》,中国人大网,http://www.npc.gov.cn/zgrdw/common/zw.jsp?label=WXZLK&id=4365,最近查询,2007 年 4 月 11 日。
⑤ Hardin Garrett, “The Tragedy of the Commons”, Science, Vol.162 (December 1968), pp1243-1248.
⑥ 张宇燕、李增钢:《全球公共产品的政治经济学分析》,第 286 页。
① 保罗·塞缪尔森、威廉·诺德豪斯:《经济学(第十七版)》,第 29 页。
② 丹尼斯·缪勒:《公共选择》(杨春学等译),北京·中国社会科学出版社,1999 年版,第 15 页。
③ 曼瑟尔·奥尔森:《集体行动的逻辑》(陈郁等译),上海三联书店,上海人民出版社,1996 年版,第 13页。
④ Rusell Hardin, Collective Action (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1982).
① Inge Kaul et al eds., Providing Global Public Goods: Managing Globalization (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003).
② Meghnad Desai, “Public Goods: A Historical Perspective”, Providing Global Public Goods: Managing Globalization, eds., Inge Kaul et al. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003), pp.63-78.
① Maro Ferroni & Ashoka Mody, eds., International Public Goods-Incentives, Measurement, and Financing (Norwell, Massachusetts: Kluwer Academic Publisher, 2002).
② Oliver Morrissey, et al., “Defining International Public Goods: Conceptual Issues”, eds., Marco Ferroni & Ashoka Mody (Norwell, Massachusetts: Kluwer Academic Publisher, 2002), pp31-47.
③ Maro Ferroni & Ashoka Mody, “Global Incentives for International Public Goods: Introduction and Overview”, eds., Maro Ferroni and Ashoka Mody, International Public Goods-Incentives, Measurement, and Financing (Norwell, Massachusetts: Kluwer Academic Publisher, 2002), pp1-30.
① Scott Barrett, “Supplying International Public Goods: how Nations Can Cooperate”, International Public Goods-Incentives, Measurement, and Financing, eds., Maro Ferroni & Ashoka Mody (Norwell, Massachusetts: Kluwer Academic Publisher, 2002), pp.47-80.
② Todd Sandler, “Financing International Public Goods”, International Public Goods-Incentives, Measurement, and Financing, eds., Maro Ferroni & Ashoka Mody (Norwell, Massachusetts: Kluwer Academic Publisher, 2002), pp.81-118.
① Meghnad Desai, “Public Goods: A Historical Perspective”, Providing Global Public Goods: Managing Globalization, eds., Inge Kaul et al. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003), pp.63-78.
② 参见 Simon Rushton, “Health and Peacebuiding: Reconstructing the Failed State in Sierra Leone”, International Relations 19(4), pp441-456. Thomas Bernauer, “The effect of international environmental institutions: how we might learn more”, International Organization 49, 2 (spring 1995), pp.351-77. Alan Ingram, “Global Leadership and Global Health: Contending Meta-narratives, Divergent Response, Fatal consequences”, International Organization 19(4), pp.381-402.
③ Oran R. Young, “International Environmental Governance: Building Institutions in an Anarchical Society”, The International Political Economy and International Institution I, ed, Oran R. Young (Cheltenham, UK, Brookfield: Vt., US: E. Elgar Pub. Co., 1996), pp. 374-394.
① 苏长和:《全球公共问题与国际合作:一种制度的分析》,上海人民出版社,2000 年版。
② 詹姆斯·N.罗西瑙主编:《没有政府的治理》(张继军、刘小林等译),南昌·江西人民出版社,2001 年版。
③ 俞可平主编:《全球化:全球治理》,北京·社会科学文献出版社,2003 年版。
① 徐伟立主编:《经济管理学辞典》,北京·中国社会科学出版社,1988 年版,第 1051 页。
② 埃利诺·奥斯特罗姆:《公共事务的治理之道—集体行动制度的演进》(余逊达、陈旭东译),上海三联书店,2000 年版。
③ 詹姆斯·S.科尔曼:《社会理论的基础》(邓方译),北京·社会科学文献出版社,1999 年版。
① Stacey Knobler, et al., eds., Learning from SARS: preparing for the next disease outbreak (Washington D. C.: The National Academies Press, 2006).
② 参见 Yanzhong Huang, “The SARS Epidemic and Its Aftermath in China”, Learning from SARS: Preparing for the next disease outbreak, eds., Stacey Knobler, et al. (Washington D. C.: The National Academies Press, 2006), pp.116-136.
① Dyna Arhin-Tenkorang & Pedro Conceicao, “Beyond Communicable Disease Control: Health in the Age of Globalization” Providing Global Public Goods-Managing Globalization, eds., Inge Kaul, et al. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003), pp.484-515.
② David P. Fidler, SARS, Governance and the Globalization of Disease (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004).
③ 杨功焕:《SARS 的流行与中国公共卫生系统》,中国网http://www.china.org.cn/chinese/zhuanti/2004shxs/483067.htm,最近查询, 2007 年 1 月 27 日。
① 《世界卫生组织在中国的国家合作战略——2004-2008 战略优先事项》,世界卫生组织西太平洋办公室网站,http://www.wpro.who.int/NR/rdonlyres/252B0C50-79AC-4759-90CD-E18481A779D1/0/CCSbook_cn.pdf,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 17 日。
② 《国务院新闻办公室举行新闻发布会》,2003 年 4 月 21 日,《人民日报》,第 2 版。
③ 何帆:《传染病的全球化与防治传染病的国际合作》,中国社会科学院国际金融研究中心工作报告,2003年 12 月,http://www.rcif.cn/Article/UploadFiles/200606/20060624174453621.pdf,最近查询,2007 年 4 月6 日。
① 夏保成编著:《美国公共安全管理导论》,北京·当代中国出版社,2006 年版。
② Kathleen J. Tierney, Michael K. Lindell and Rorald W. Perry, Facing the Unexpected (Washington, D.C: Joseph Henry Press, 2001).
③ 黎益壮等编译:《英汉灾害管理相关基本术语集》,北京·中国标准出版社,2005 年版。
① William L. Waugh, JR, Living with Hazards, Dealing with Disasters (New York: M.E. Sharpe, Inc., 1984).
② 刘俊主编:《关注海啸》,北京·军事科学出版社,2005 年版。
③ “2004 Tsunami Crisis-Impact on Indonesia”, available: http://www.ringsurf.com/info/News/Tsunami/Indonesia/, [accessed on March 19, 2007].
④ “Tsunami Thailand-one Year Later”, Joint Report by United Nations County Team and Royal Thailand Government, available: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTEASTASIAPACIFIC/Resources/TsunamiTH_One-Year-Later.pdf, [accessed on March 20, 2007]
⑤ “Report”, National Pos-Tsunami Lessons Learned and Best Practices Workshop, Sri Lanka, June 8-9, 2005, available: http://www.reliefweb.int/library/documents/2005/ocha-lka-05jul.pdf, [accessed on March 20, 2007].
⑥ “Report on Main Findings”, Government of Maldives and United Nations Post-Tsunami Lessons Learned and Best Practices Workshop, Maldives, May 17-18, 2005, available: http://www.reliefweb.int/library/documents/2005/ocha-mdv-05jul.pdf, [accessed on March 20, 2007].
⑦ “National Post-Tsunami Lessons Learned and Best Practices”, Workshop Report, June 8-9, 2005, available: http://www.reliefweb.int/library/documents/2005/ocha-lka-05jul.pdf, [accessed on March 18, 2007].
① 常驻联合国代表团科技组:《印度洋海啸灾难后的工作报告》,中国地震信息网,http://www.csi.ac.cn/wjf/dzll/genzong/indonesia041226/report_un.htm,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 18 日。
② “Evaluation and Strengthening of Early Warning Systems in Countries Affected by the 26 December 2004 Tsunami”, available: http://www.unisdr-earlywarning.org/tewis, [accessed on November 13, 2006].
③ “Proposed Strategy for Building Resilience to Tsunamis in the Indian Ocean 2006-2008”, ISDR, available: http://www.unisdr.org/ppew/tsunami/news-events/Future-strategy-2006-2008.doc, [accessed on March 20, 2007].
④ Kirsten E. Schulze, “Between Conflict and Peace: Tsunami Aid and Reconstruction in Aceh”, November 2005, available: http://www.lse.ac.uk/Depts/global/Publications/HumanSecurityReport/Tsunami/Aceh%20Tsunami%20Response.pdf, [accessed on March 18, 2007].
⑤ Roberta Cohen, “The Tsunami Tragedy: Political, Economic, and Environmental Lessons”, January 25, 2005, available: http://wwwnotes.reliefweb.int/w/RWB.NSF/8b7d095431371f6e852567cb008396bb/36a8d0aa6bb7cf0fc1256faf0051332f?OpenDocument, [accessed on July 19, 2006].
① 保罗·塞缪尔森,威廉·诺德豪斯:《经济学第十七版》(肖琛主译),北京·人民邮电出版社,2004 年版,第 29 页。
② 张宇燕、李增钢:《全球公共产品的政治经济学分析》,第 286 页。
③ Paul Samuel son, “The Pure Theory of Public Expenditure”, Review of Economics and Statistics, XXXVI, (November 1954), pp387-389.
① Hardin Garrett, “The Tragedy of the Commons”, Science, Vol.162, (December 1968), pp.1243-1248.
② 曼瑟尔·奥尔森:《集体行动的逻辑》(陈郁等译),上海三联书店,上海人民出版社,1996 年版,第 13页。
③ 丹尼斯·缪勒:《公共选择》(杨春学等译),北京·中国社会科学出版社,1999 年版,第 15 页。
④ Meghnad Desai,“Public Goods: A Historical Perspective”, Providing Global Public Goods: Managing Globaization, eds. Inge Kaul Pedro, et al.(New York: Oxford University Press, 2003), p.63-77.
⑤ Rusell Hardin, Collective Action (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1982), P.17.
⑥ 苏长和:《全球公共问题与国际合作:一种制度的分析》,上海人民出版社,2000 年版,第 113 页。
⑦ Rusell Hardin, P.17.
① David B. Bobrow & Mark A. Boyer, Defensive Internationalism: Providing Public Goods in An Uncertain World (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2005), p.20.
② 张宇燕、李增刚:《全球公共产品的政治经济学分析》,载《现代国际经济学理论发展综述》(世界经济学会组编),北京·中国人民大学出版社,2006 年版,第 280 页。
③ James M. Buchanan, “An Economic Theory of Clubs”, Economic, (vol., 32(125), 1965), pp.1-14。
① 保罗·塞缪尔森、威廉·诺德豪斯:《微观经济学》(肖琛主译),北京·人民邮电出版社,2004年版,第29页。
② 同上。
③ Oliver Morrissey et al., “Defining International Public Goods: Conceptual Issue”, International Public Goods-Incentives, Measurement, and Financing, eds. Maro Ferroni & Ashoka Mody (Norwell: Kluwer Academic Publisher, 2002), p.35.
① “边际”是经济学的关键术语,通常是指“新增”或“额外”的意思。边际效用是指多消费一单位的物品所带来的新增的或额外的效用。
② 约翰·伊特韦尔等主编:《新帕尔格雷夫经济学大辞典》,中译本,第 3 卷,216-218 页,转引自张宇燕,李增刚:《全球公共产品的政治经济学分析》,载《现代国际经济学理论发展综述》(世界经济学会组编),北京·中国人民大学出版社,2006 年版,第 280 页。
③ David B. Bobrow & Mark A. Boyer, Defensive Internationalism:Pproviding Public Goods in an Uncertain World (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2005), p.20.
④ 苏长和:《全球公共问题与国际合作:一种制度的分析》,上海人民出版社,2000 年版,第 121 页。
⑤ 保罗·塞缪尔森,威廉·诺德豪斯:《微观经济学》,第 177 页。
① 罗伯特·艾克斯罗德:《对策中的制胜之道——合作的进化》(吴坚中,张文芝译),上海人民出版社,1996年版,第 6 页。
② 保罗·塞缪尔森、威廉·诺德豪斯:《微观经济学》,第 21 页。
③ 同上,第 20 页。
① 亚当·斯密:《国富论》(杨敬年译),西安·陕西人民出版社,2003 年版,第 502 页。
② 保罗·塞缪尔森,威廉·诺德豪斯:《微观经济学》,第 24 页。
③ 同上,第 28 页。
④ 同上。
⑤ 转引自张宇燕、李增刚:《全球公共产品的政治经济学分析》,载《现代国际经济学理论发展综述》(世界经济学会组编),北京·中国人民大学出版社,2006 年版,第 293 页。
⑥ 罗伯特·艾克斯罗德:《对策中的制胜之道——合作的进化》,第 8 页。
① Oliver Morrissey et al., “Defining International Public Goods: Conceptual Issues”, International Public Goods-Incentives, Measurement, and Financing, eds, Maro Ferroni & Ashoka Mody (Norwell, Massachusetts: Kluwer Academic Publisher, 2002), pp.31-46.
① 苏长和:《全球公共问题与国际合作:一种制度的分析》,上海人民出版社,2000 年版,第 117 页。
② Oliver Morrissey et al., p.38.
③ Michel Mollat, The Poor in the Middle Ages: An Essay in Social History (New Heaven, Conn: Yale University Press, 1986), pp.119-57.
④ 参见 John Walter & Roger Scholfield, “Famine, Disease and Crisis Mortality in Early Modern Society”, Famine, Disease and Social Order in Early Modern Society, eds., John Walter & Roger Schoofield (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989).
① Fernand Braudel, The Structure of Everyday Life: Limits of the Possible (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1992), p.85.
② John Walter & Roger Scholfield, “Famine, Disease and Crisis Mortality in Early Modern Society”, p.64.
③ Meghnad Desai, “Public Goods: a Historical Perspective”, Providing Global Public Goods: Managing Globalization, eds., Inge Kaul et al. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003), p.67.
④ Adrian Randal & Andrew Charlesworth, eds., Moral Economy and Popular Protest: Crowds, Conflict and Authority (New York: St. Martin’s, 2000), p23.
⑤ Richard, Cooper, “International Cooperation in Public Health as a Prologue to Macroeconomic Cooperation”, Can Nations Agree?: Issues in International Economic Cooperation, eds., Richard N. Cooper et al. (Washington D.C: Brookings Institution, 1989), pp.193-203.
⑥ 参见 Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations (New York: Modern Library, 1937), p.22.
⑦ Meghnad Desai, p.67.
⑧ Ibid.
① Meghnad Desai, p.68.
① 参见詹姆斯·罗西瑙主编:《没有政府的治理》(张胜军,刘小林译),南昌·江西人民出版社,2001 年版,第 63-117 页。
② 参见埃利诺·奥斯特罗姆:《公共事务的治理之道—集体行动制度的演进》(余逊达、陈旭东译),上海三联书店,2000 年版,第六章,第 273-315 页。
③ 张宇燕、李增刚:《全球公共产品的政治经济学分析》,第 283 页。
① Charles Kindleberger, The world in Depression 1929-1939 (London, Allen Lane: The Penguin Press, 1973), pp.56-61.
② Inge Kaul et al., eds., Providing Global Public Goods: Managing Globalization (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003).
③ Maro Ferroni & Ashoka Mody eds., International Public Goods-Incentives, Measurement, and Financing (Norwell, Massachusetts: Kluwer Academic Publisher, 2002).
④ Oliver Morrissey et al., p.35.
⑤ 转引自张宇燕、李增刚:《全球公共产品的政治经济学分析》,第 289 页。
① 观点出处:张宇燕、李增刚:《全球公共产品的政治经济学分析》。
① David B. Bobrow & Mark A. Boyer, Defensive Internationalism: Providing Public Goods in An Uncertain World (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2005), p.20.
② Oliver Morrissey et al., p.33.
① 张宇燕、李增刚:《全球公共产品的政治经济学分析》,第 282 页。
② Russell Hardin, p.61.
① Russell Hardin, p.61.
① Russell Hardin , p.62.
② Russell Hardin , P.63.
① Oliver Morrissey et al., p.36.
②《美国退出<京都议定书>原因》,2001 年 4 月 17 日,中国能源网:http://cogenchina.com/news/huanbao/200104/200104170061.html,最近查询,2007 年 4 月 11 日。
① Oliver Morrissey et al., p.34.
② Ibid., p.36.
① Ibid., p.39.
① Bob Jessop, “The Rise of Government and the Risks of Failure: The Case of Economic Development ”, International Social Science Journal, Vol. 50 Iss. 155 (March 1998), p.29.
② Ibid.
③ Juldy Pearsall, The New Oxford English Dictionary (Oxford: Clarendor Press), 上海外语教育出版社,2001 年版,第 794 页。
④ Bob Jessop, p.29.
① 郑安光:《全球治理理论与大规模毁灭性武器控制》,南京大学历史系博士生论文,2005 年提交,中国国家图书馆博士论文库,索取号:2005\D815\2,第 18 页。
③ 阿尔温·托夫勒、海蒂·托夫勒:《创造一个新的文明——第三次浪潮的政治》(陈峰译),上海三联书店,1996 年版;彼得·德鲁克:《后资本主义社会》(张星岩译),上海译文出版社,1998 年版。
④ 鲍勃·杰索普:《治理的兴起及其失败的风险:以经济发展为例的论述》,载《国际社会科学杂志》(中文 版),1999 年 2 月,16-1,第 31 页。
⑤ 转引自姜鹏:《全球化、民族国家与治理》,北京大学国际关系学院博士生论文,2002 年提交,中国国家图书馆博士论文库,索取号:2002\D81\18,第 113 页。
⑥ Gerry Stocker, “Governance as Theory: Five Propositions”, International Social Science, Vol. 50, Iss. 155 (March 1998), pp.18-28.
① 郑安光:《全球治理理论与大规模毁灭性武器控制》,南京大学历史系博士生论文,2005 年提交,中国国家图书馆博士论文库,索取号:2005\D815\2,第 20 页。
② James N. Rosenau, “Governance, Order, and Change in World Politics”, Governance without Government: Order and Chance in World Politcs, eds., James N. Rosenau & Ernst-Otto Czempiel (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992), P.5.
③ 俞可平:《全球治理引论》,载《马克思主义与现实》,2002 年第 1 期,第 20-22 页。
① Jean-Pierre Gaudin, “Modern Governance, Yesterday and Today: Some Clarifications to be Gained from French Government Politics”, International Social Science, Vol. 50, Iss.155 (March 1998), p.47.
② 转引自郑安光:《全球治理理论与大规模毁灭性武器控制》,第 21 页。
③ Martin Hewson and Timothy J. Sinclair, “The Emergence of Global Governance Theory”, Approahces to Glboal Governance Theory, eds., Martin Hewson & Timothy J. Sinclair (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1999), pp.8-9.
④ 郑安光:《全球治理理论与大规模毁灭性武器控制》,第 88 页。
① 郑安光:《全球治理理论与大规模毁灭性武器控制》,第 22 页。
② The Commission on Global Governance, Our Global Neighborhood: the Report of the Commission on Global Governance (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995), pp.55-58.
③ 郑安光:《全球治理理论与大规模毁灭性武器控制》,第 23 页。
① 詹姆斯多尔蒂、小罗伯特·普法尔茨格拉夫:《争论中的国际关系理论》(阎学通、陈寒溪等译),北京·世界知识出版社,第 664 页。
② Cynthisa Hewitt de Alcantara, “Uses and Abuses of the Concept of Governance”, International Social Science, Vol.50, Iss (March 1998), p.105.
① Juldy Pearsall, The New Oxford English Dictionary, 第 1122 页。
② 徐伟立主编:《经济管理学辞典》,北京·中国社会科学出版社,1988 年版,第 1051 页。
① 罗伯特·基欧汉,约瑟夫·奈:《权利与相互依赖(第三版)》(门洪华译),北京大学出版社,2002 年版, 第 14 页。
② John Ruggie, “International Responses to Technology: Concepts and Trends”, International Organization, 29,3 (Summer 1995), p.570.
③ Stephen D. Krasner, “Structural Causes and Regime Consequences: Regimes as Intervening Variables”, International Regime,ed. Stephen D. Krasner (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1983), p2.
① Robert O. Keohane, International Institution and State Power: Essays in International Relations Theory (Boulder, Colo. : Westview Press, 1989), P.4.
② 田野:《国际关系中的制度选择:一种交易成本视角》,2004 年 4 月 12 日提交,第 75-77 页,中国国家图 书馆,博士论文库,索取号:2005\D80\4。
③ Kenneth Abott and Duncan Snidal, “Why States Act Through Formal International Organizations,” Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol 42, No1, (1998), p.9.
④ Kenneth Abbott et al, “The Concept of Legalization”,p401.转引自中国人民大学伯田野博士论文,田野:《国际关系中的制度选择:一种交易成本视角》,2004 年 4 月 12 日提交,中国国家图书馆,博士论文库,索取号:2005\D80\4。
① 参见:苏长和:《全球公共问题与国际合作:一种制度的分析》,上海人民出版社,2000 年版。
② 埃利诺·奥斯特罗姆:《公共事务的治理之道—集体行动制度的演进》(余逊达、陈旭东译),上海三联书店,2000 年版, 第一章。
③ 同上。
④ 保罗·萨缪尔森、威廉·诺德豪斯:《微观经济学(第十七版)》(肖琛译),北京·人民邮电出版社,2004,第 27 页。
① 姚从容:《公共环境物品的经济分析》,北京·经济出版社,2005 年版,第 85 页。
② 转引自,姚从容:《公共环境物品的经济分析》,第 85 页。
③ 姚从容:《公共环境物品的经济分析》,第 98-100 页。
① 苏长和:《全球公共问题与国际合作:一种制度的分析》,上海人民出版社,2000 年版,第 113 页。
② 同上,第 255 页。
③ 同上,第 254 页。
④ 同上。
⑤ Marvin S. Soroos, “The International Commons: A historical Perspective”, Environmental ReviewⅫ, (Spring 1988), pp.1-23.
① Hardin Garrett, “The Tragedy of the Commons”, Science, Vol.162, (December, 1968), pp. 1243-1248.
② 参见著名的经济学家曼库尔·奥尔森(Mancur Olson)在为桑德勒(Todd Sandler)《集体行动》一书撰写的序言。Todd Sandler, Collective Action: Theory and Application, (Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 1992),.
③ Oran R. Young, “International Environmental Governance”, The International Political Economy and International Institutions I, ed., Oran R. Young, (Cheltenham, UK, Brookfield, Vt., US: E. Elgar Pub. Co., 1996), p.382-394.
① 苏长和:《全球公共问题与国际合作:一种制度的分析》,上海人民出版社,2000 年版,第 270 页。
② 同上,第 256 页。
③《碳排放交易大有钱利可挖》,网络:http://www.nessc.org/gb/newssc.html,最近查询, 2007 年 2 月 28 日。
④《京都议定书全文》,网络:http://www.coi.gov.cn/question/q208a.html,最近查询,2007 年 2 月 28 日。
①《碳排放交易大有钱利可挖》,网络:http://www.nessc.org/gb/newssc.html, 最近查询,2007 年 2 月 28 日。
②《京都议定书全文》,网络:http://www.coi.gov.cn/question/q208a.html, 最近查询,2007 年 2 月 28 日。
③ 外部不经济是指厂商的行为给工厂之外的行为者造成的损害,如电厂排放的大量含有二氧化硫的有害烟雾造成周围居民的健康受损,就是电厂造成的外部不经济效果,这种损害不计入企业成本。参见保罗·萨缪尔森,威廉·诺德豪斯:《微观经济学(第十七版)》,第 302 页。
① Per Magnus Wijkman, “Managing the Global Commons”, International Organization, Vol.36, No.3 (Summer 1982), p.514.
② 苏长和:《全球公共问题与国际合作:一种制度的分析》,第 259 页。
① David Woodward & Richard D Smith, “Global Public Goods and Health: Concept and Issues”, Global Public Goods for Health, eds., Richard D Smith et al. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003), p.10.
② Ibid., pp.10-12.
① 转引自 David Woodward & Richard D Smith, p.11.
② 转引自 Dyna Arhin-Tenkorang & Pedro Conceicao, “Beyond Communicable Disease Control: Health in the Age of Globalization”, Providing Global Public Goods: Managing Globalization, eds. Inge Kaul et al. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003), p.488.
③ David Woodward & Richard D Smith, p.12.
④ Bruce. R. Aylward, et al., “When is a Disease Eradicable? 100 Years of Lessons Learned.” American Journal of Public Health, Vol.90, No.10, pp.1515-20.
⑤ Stacey Knobler, et al., eds. “Summary and Assessment”, Learning from SARS: preparing for the next disease outbreak (Washington D. C: The National Academies Press, 2004), P.3.
① Lyons, F.S.L., International in Europe 1815-1914 (Leyden: A.W. Sythoff, 1963), p.240.
② Pro Salute Novi Mundi: A History of the Pan American Health Organization (Washington D.C., Pan-American Health Organization, 1992), p.40.
③ Laurie Garrett, Betrayal of Trust: The Collapse of Global Public Health (New York: Hyperion, 2000), p.281.
④ Richard Cooper, “International Cooperation in Public Health as Prologue to Macroeconomic Cooperation”, Can Nations Agree? Issues in International Economic Cooperation, eds., Richard N. Cooper, et al. (Washington D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1989), p.210.
⑤ Pro Salute Novi Mundi: p.41.
① 参见 Mark.W. Zacher, “Global Epidemiological Surveillance: International Cooperation to Monitor Infectious Disease”, Global Public Goods: International Cooperation in the 21st Century, eds., Inge Kaul, et al. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999).
② Richard Cooper, p.228.
③ Dyna Arhin-Tenkorang & Pedro Conceicao, “Beyond Communicable Disease Control: Health in the Age of Globalization”, Providing Global Public Goods: Managing Global, eds. Inge Kaul et al. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003), p.486.
④ Pro Salute Novi Mundi, p.42.
① Oran R. Young , “International Environmental Governance”, pp.375-394.
② Ibid., pp. 382-384.
① Oran R. Young , “International Environmental Governance”, p.385.
② Ibid.
① William L. Waugh, JR., Living with Hazards, Dealing with Disasters, (New York: M.E. Sharpe. Inc., 2000), p.3.
② Charles Medea, Get Proactive with Disasters, Philadelphia Inquirer, September 27, 2005, available: http://www.rand.org/commentary/092705PI.html, [accessed on April 2, 2007].
③ 夏保成:《美国公共安全管理导论》,北京·当代中国出版社,2006 年版,第 4 页。
④ William L. Waugh, JR., p.3.
⑤ 夏保成:《美国公共安全管理导论》第 26 页。
⑥ 同上,第 14 页。
⑦ William L. Waugh, JR., p.48. 夏保成在其书中将 mitigation 翻译成准备,将 preparedness 翻译成预防,可能是翻译顺序的错误。
①《世界卫生组织 SARS 全球疫情报告(2002 年 11 月 1 日—2003 年 7 月 31 日)》,2003 年 9 月 26 日更新,世界卫生组织网站,http://www.who.int/csr/sars/country/table2003_09_23/en/,最近查询,2007年3月13日。
② 俞永新:《SARS 病原及其来源分析》,《首都医药》,2003 年第 14 期,http://www.ilib.cn/A-sdyy200314002.html,最近查询,2006 年 7 月 20 日。
③ 《世界卫生组织关于 SARS 检测的定义是什么?》,2003 年 4 月 27 日, 人民网,http://www.people.com.cn/GB/20030427/980617.html,最近查询,2006 年 7 月 20 日。
④ 翟理杰:《SARS 的主要传播途径,病原学及控制方案》,2003 年 5 月 23 日,中国生物技术信息网,http://www.biotech.org.cn/news/news/show.php?id=4665,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 13 日。
① Stacey Knobler, et al., eds., “Summary and Assessment”, Learning from SARS: preparing for the next disease outbreak (Washington. D. C.: The National Academies Press, 2004), P2.
② Ibid., p.11.
③ Ibid., p.3.
④ Ibid., p.13.
①《专家“校正” SARS 病原调查结论》,2003 年 5 月 28 日,中国生物技术信息网,http://www.biotech.org.cn/news/news/show.php?id=4836,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 13 日。
②《世界卫生组织 SARS 全球疫情报告(2002 年 11 月 1 日—2003 年 7 月 31 日)》,上引网址。
③《国务院新闻办公室举行新闻发布会》, 2003 年 5 月 31 日,《人民日报》,第 6 版。
① Stacey Knobler, et al., p.4.
② Ibid., p.6.
③ WHO, 2003a, “Acute respiratory syndrome in China”, available: http://www.who.int/csr/don/2003_2_20/en/, [accessed December 17,2003].
④ Stacey Knobler, et al., p.6.
⑤ WHO. 2003b, “SARS: chronology of a serial killer”, available: http://www.who.int/csr/don/2003_07_04/en/, [accessed December 17,2003].
⑥《国务院新闻办公室举行新闻发布会》, 2003 年 5 月 31 日,《人民日报》,第 6 版。
⑦《卫生部新闻办公室 4 月 27 日下午通报非典疫情》,2003 年 4 月 27 日,中国网,http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2003-04-27/16181019457.shtml,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 13 日。
①《国务院新闻办公室举行新闻发布会》,上引报刊,第 6 版。
②《中国内地非典疫情通报》,2003 年 6 月 3 日 10 时,人民日报海外版, http://www.snweb.com/gb/people_daily_os/2003/06/04/d0604009.htm,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 13 日。
③《卫生部 6 月 8 日通报全国内地非典型肺炎最新疫情(附表)》,2003 年 6 月 8 日,中国网,http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2003-06-08/16101148974.shtml,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 13 日。
④《世界卫生组织解除对我国广东和香港的旅游警告》,2003 年 5 月 23 日,央视国际,http://202.108.249.200/financial/20030524/100275.shtml,最近查询 2007 年 3 月 13 日。
⑤《世界卫生组织宣布解除赴中国四省区市的旅游警告》,2003 年 6 月 14 日,《人民日报》,第 1 版。
⑥《世界卫生组织宣布:中国内地已全部被解除旅游限制》,2003 年 6 月 25 日,中国新闻网,http://finance.sina.com.cn/g/20030625/0749356410.shtml,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 13 日。
⑦《卫生部最后一次公布每日疫情:中国内地无“非典”病人》,2003 年 8 月 16 日,中国网,http://www.china.org.cn/chinese/zhuanti/feiyan/386425.htm, 最近查询,2006 年 7 月 20 日。
⑧《2004 年 1 月-5 月中旬全国内地传染性非典型肺炎疫情监测和控制情况》,2004 年 6 月 28 日,中华人民共和国卫生部,http://www.moh.gov.cn/newshtml/14129.htm,最近查询,2007 年 4 月 16 日。
①《北京市撤销防止非典指挥部》,2004 年 6 月 2 日,新华网, http://www.bj.xinhuanet.com/bjpd_bjzq/2004-06/02/content_2235990.htm,最近查询,2006 年 7 月 20 日。
②《非典疫情零报告暂停》,2003 年 6 月 2 日,光明网, http://www.gmw.cn/03pindao/2004-06/02/content_37287.htm,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 13 日。
③《北京撤销市防治非典指挥部》,2004 年 6 月 2 日,上引网址。
④《世界卫生组织 SARS 全球疫情报告(2002 年 11 月 1 日—2003 年 7 月 31 日)》,2003 年 9 月 26 日更新,世界卫生组织网站,http://www.who.int/csr/sars/country/table2003_09_23/en/,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 13日查询。
⑤ 《越南成功控制非典》,2003 年 4 月 30 日,人民网,http://www.people.com.cn/GB/paper68/9077/845150.html,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 14 日。
⑥ WHO, 2003c, “Update39-Optimism in Viet Nam, caution urged when using diagnostic tests”, available: http://www.who.int/csr/sars/archive/2003_04_25/en/, [accessed on March 14, 2007].
⑦ Stacey Knobler, et al., p.7.
① 参见:《世卫宣布越南为全球首个成功控制 SARS 疫情国家》,2003 年 4 月 28 日,中国新闻网,http://news.sina.com.cn/w/2003-04-28/1644101736s.shtml,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 14 日。
② Donald E. Low and M.D., FRCPC, “SARS: Lessons From Toronto”, Learning From SARS: Preparing for the Next Disease Outbreak, eds., Stacey Knobler, et al. (Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press, 2004), p.68.
③ Stacey Knobler, et al., p.9.
④ WHO, 2003d, “Update 70-Singopore removed from list of areas with local SARS”, available: http://www.who.int/csr/don/2003_05_30a/en/print.html, [accessed on March 14, 2007].
⑤《新加坡正式 9 日确诊的非典患者是在实验室染病》,2003 年 9 月 23 日,中国新闻网,http://news.sina.com.cn/w/2003-09-23/1740806094s.shtml, 最近查询,2007 年 3 月 14 日。
①《生死较量》,2003 年第九期,人民网,http://www.people.com.cn/GB/paper81/9356/867097.html,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 14 日。
②《广州如何抗击不明病毒》,2003 年 2 月 13 日,《南方周末》,http://www.nanfangdaily.com.cn/zm/20030213/xw/tb/200302130499.asp,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 14 日。
③《生死较量》,2003 年第九期,人民网,http://www.people.com.cn/GB/paper81/9356/867097.html,最近查询, 2007 年 3 月 14 日。
①《生死较量》,2003 年第九期,人民网,http://www.people.com.cn/GB/paper81/9356/867097.html,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 14 日。
②《生死较量》,2003 年第九期,人民网,http://www.people.com.cn/GB/paper81/9356/867097.html,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 14 日。
③ 同上。
④《广州如何抗击不明病毒》,2003 年 2 月 13 日,南方周末,http://www.nanfangdaily.com.cn/zm/20030213/xw/tb/200302130499.asp,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 14 日。
⑤《生死较量》,2003 年第九期,人民网,http://www.people.com.cn/GB/paper81/9356/867097.html,最近查询, 2007 年 3 月 14 日。
⑥ “Global Alert: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)”,Epidemiological Bulletin, Vol. 24 No. 1, , (March 2003), available: http://www.paho.org/english/dd/ais/be_v24n1-SARS.htm, [acceessed on March 14,2007].
①《卫生部公布内地“非典”最新疫情》,2003 年 4 月 15 日,中国新闻网,http://news.sohu.com/89/03/news208510389.shtml,最近查询,2007 年 4 月 2 日。
②《国务院新闻办举行发布会介绍“非典”最新疫情》,2003 年 4 月 20 日,央视国际,http://www.cctv.com/news/china/20030420/100371.shtml,最近查询,2007 年 4 月 2 日。
③ Yanzhong Huang, “The SARS Epidemic and Its Aftermath in China: a Political perspective”, Learning from SARS: Preparing for the Next Disease Outbreak, eds., Stacey Knobler, et al., (Washington D. C.: The National Academies Press, 2004), pp.116-136.
①《生死较量》,2003 年第九期,人民网,http://www.people.com.cn/GB/paper81/9356/867097.html,最近查询, 2007 年 3 月 14 日。
②《抗非斗士钟南山》,2003 年 5 月 21 日,《南方日报》,http://www.nanfangdaily.com.cn/zt/zt/149feiy/200305210010.asp,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 15 日。
③《国务院新闻办公室举行新闻发布会》,2003 年 4 月 21 日,《人民日报》,第 2 版。
① 《国务院新闻办公室举行新闻发布会》,人民日报,2003 年 4 月 21 日,第 2 版。
② 同上。
③ 同上。
④ 《中央免去张文康孟学农职务》,2003 年 4 月 21 日,《京华时报》,第 A01 版。
①《中央领导防止“非典”指示汇总》,2007 年 3 月 15 日,新华网政府在线频道,http://news.xinhuanet.com/zhengfu/2003-04/18/content_839822.htm,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 15 日。
② 同上。
③《中华人民共和国国务院令,第 376 号》,2005 年 5 月 20 日,国务院办公厅,http://www.gov.cn/zwgk/2005-05/20/content_145.htm,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 15 日。
④《中国内地抗击非典大事记》,2003 年 6 月 25 日,新浪网新闻中心,http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2003-06-25/0308262648s.shtml,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 15 日。
① 同上。
②《高强谈中国控制“非典”疫情发展的五项措施》,新华网,http://news.21cn.com/domestic/guoshi/2003-04-20/1014467.html,最近查询 2007 年 3 月 15 日。
③《中央领导防止“非典”指示汇总》,2007 年 3 月 15 日,新华网政府在线频道,http://news.xinhuanet.com/zhengfu/2003-04/18/content_839822.htm,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 15 日。
④《奇迹——小汤山医院建设纪实》,2003 年 5 月 3 日,《焦点访谈》栏目,央视网站,http://www.cctv.com/news/focus/today/20030503/4.html,最近查询,2007 年 4 月 3 日。
①《世界卫生组织对中国控制非典合作精神表示满意》,2003 年 4 月 23 日,中国网,http://www.china.org.cn/chinese/HIAW/319132.htm,最近查询 2007 年 3 月 15 日。
② Robert F. Breiman, et al., “Role of China in the Quest to Define and Control SARS”, Learning From SARS: Preparing for the Next Disease, eds., Stacey Knobler, et al. (Washington D.C.: The National Academies Press, 2004), pp.56-62.
③《北京最后一批非典患者康复出院》,2003 年 8 月 16 日,人民网,http://www.people.com.cn/GB/shehui/1062/2020223.html,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 15 日。
① J.S Mackenzie, et al., “The WHO Response to SARS and Preparations for the Future”, Learning From SARS: Preparing for the Next Disease, eds., Stacey Knobler, et al. (Washington D.C.: The National Academies Press, 2004), p.43.
② WHO, 2003a, “Acute respiratory syndrome in China”, available: http://www.who.int/csr/don/2003_2_20/en/, [accessed on December 17,2003]
③ Ibid.
④ The operational response to SARS, available: http://www.who.int/csr/sars/goarn2003_4_16/en/, [accessed on March 15,2007].
① Reducing the risk of importing SARS through international travel, available: http://www.wpro.who.int/sars/docs/interimguidelines/part6.asp, [accessed on March 15,2007].
② Heymann DL & Rodier GR, “WHO surveillance of emerging and re-emerging infectious disease”, Lancet Infectious Disease, Vol.1, No.5,( 2001), pp.345-353.
① WHO Library Cataloguing in Publication Data, SARS: how a global epidemic was stopped, WHO Health Organization, 2006, p52. 资料来源:中国国家图书馆国际组织与外国政府出版物,索取号:WHO/2006.3.
② J.S Mackenzie, et al., “The WHO Response to SARS and preparations for the future”, Learning from SARS: Preparing for the next Disease Outbreak, eds., Stacey Knobler, et al. (Washington D.C.: The National Academic Press, 2004), p.44.
③ Ibid.
④ WHO Library Cataloguing in Publication Data, p.54.
① WHO Library Cataloguing in Publication Data, p.54.
② Ibid., p.56.
③ Ibid., p59.
④ Ibid.
① J.S Mackenzie, et al., P45.
② WHO Library Cataloguing in Publication Data, p.61.
① WHO Library Cataloguing in Publication Data, p.64.
② Ibid., p.62.
③ Ibid., p.63.
① “World Health Organization issues emergency travel advisory, Geneva”, World Health Organization, 15 March 2003, available: http://www.who.int/csr/sarsarchive/2003_03_15/en, [accessed on April 1, 2005].
② J.S Mackenzie, et al., p.46.
① 《世界卫生组织在中国的国家合作战略——2004-2008 战略优先事项》,世界卫生组织西太平洋办公室网站,http://www.wpro.who.int/NR/rdonlyres/252B0C50-79AC-4759-90CD-E18481A779D1/0/CCSbook_cn.pdf,第 17 页,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 17 日。
② 杨功焕:《SARS 的流行与中国公共卫生系统》,中国网,http://www.china.org.cn/chinese/zhuanti/2004shxs/483067.htm,最近查询, 2007 年 1 月 27 日。
③《世界卫生组织在中国的国家合作战略——2004-2008 战略优先事项》,第 15 页,上引网址。
①《<突发公共卫生时间应急条例>公布(全文)》,2003 年 5 月 12 日,人民网,http://www.people.com.cn/GB/shizheng/19/20030512/990224.html,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 17 日。
②《中华人民共和国卫生部令(37 号)》,2003 年 12 月 12 日,中华人民共和国卫生部网站,http://www.moh.gov.cn/newshtml/3145.htm,最近查询,2007 年 1 月 27 日。
③《国家突发公共卫生事件应急预案》,2006 年 2 月 26 日,中央政府门户网站,http://www.gov.cn/yjgl/2006-02/26.htm,最近查询,2007 年 1 月 27 日。
① 庞中英:《120 多个国家采取限制,反思后非典时期中国外交》,2003 年 6 月 16 日,清华大学网站,http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/docsn/shxx/site/chinac/liudb/sars/lanmu/zhuanjia/03-6-17/2.htm,最近查询,2007年 3 月 18 日。
② 同上。
③《吴仪表示中国政府愿在应对全球疾病灾害方面发挥建设性作用》,2003 年 5 月 21 日,中华人民共和国交通部网站,http://www.moc.gov.cn/news/2003-05/t20031231_5335.htm,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 18 日。
④ 庞中英:《120 多个国家采取限制,反思后非典时期中国外交》,2003 年 6 月 16 日,上引网址
⑤《高强表示中国要同世界卫生组织广泛加强合作》,2003 年 6 月 12 日,新浪网,http://www.news.sina.com.cn/c/2003-06-12.htm,最近查询,2007 年 1 月 28 日。
⑥《高强表示中国要同世界卫生组织广泛加强合作》,2003 年 6 月 12 日,新浪网,http://www.news.sina.com.cn/c/2003-06-12.htm,最近查询,2007 年 1 月 28 日。
①《世界卫生组织在中国的合作战略——2004-2008 战略优先事项》,上引网址。
② “China and WHO collaborate to fight emerging infectious disease”, WPRO, June 12 2006, available: http://www.wpro.who.int/document/ html [accessed on February 23, 2007].
③ “China and WHO collaborate to fight emerging infectious disease”, WPRO, June 12 2006, available: http://www.wpro.who.int/document/ html [accessed on February 23, 2007].
① David P. Fidler, “SARS: Political Pathology of the First Post-Westphalia Pathogen”, Learning From SARS: Preparing for the Next Disease, eds., Stacey Knobler et al. (Washington. D. C.: The National Academies Press, 2004), pp.110-6.
①Brownlie, I., Principles of Public International Law, 5th edn (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998), p.289.
② Jackson, R, “The Evolution of International Society”, The Globalization o f World Politics: An Introduction to International Relations, 2nd edn, eds., J. Baylis & S. Smith (New York: Oxford University, 2001), pp.35-50.
③ SS Lotus, “Permanent Court of International Justice”, International Law Coursebook, eds., A.D’Amato, et al. (Cincinnati: Anderson Publishing), 1994, pp.67-77.
④ International Health Regulation(1969), Wold Health Organization, 1983, available: http://www.who.int/csr/ihr/ihr1969.pdf, [Accessed on March 17, 2007].
① David P. Fidler, “SARS: Political Pathology of the First Post-Westphalia Pathogen”, p.111.
② International Health Regulation (1969), pp.20-24, website referred above.
① Smith, R. and Woodward, D. “Global Public Goods for Health: Use and Limitation”, Global Public Goods for Health: Health Economic and Public Health Perspectives, eds., R.D. Smith et al. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003), pp.246-65.
② David P. Fidler, “SARS: Political Pathology of the First Post-Westphalia Pathogen”, p.113.
③ David P. Fidler, SARS, Governance and the Globalization of Disease (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004), pp.35-41.
④ Ibid., p.36.
⑤ Ibid., p.35.
⑥ Ibid., p.37.
① David P. Fidler, SARS, Governance and the Globalization of Disease, p.40.
② Kelly Lee, and Richard Dodgson, “Globalization and Cholera: Implications for Global Governance”, Health Impacts of Global Governance, ed., K. Lee, (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003), p.138.
③ David P. Fidler, SARS, Governance and the Globalization of Disease, p.53.
④ Ibid., p.52.
⑤ Ibid., p.53.
⑥ Ibid., pp.53-54.
① David P. Fidler, SARS, Governance and the Globalization of Disease, pp.57-60.
② Ibid.
① 刘俊主编:《关注海啸》,北京·军事科学出版社,2005 年版,第 47 页。
② 毛磊,何德功:《印度洋海啸为减灾提供十大教训》,2005 年 1 月 22 日,中国法院网,http://www.chinacourt.org/public/detail.php?id=147691,最近查询,2007 年 4 月 2 日。
③ 刘俊主编:《关注海啸》,第 30 页。
④ William Jefferson Clinton, “Where we stand one year later”, International Herald Tribune, December 23, 2005, available: http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/12/23/news/edclinton.php, [accessed on March 18, 2007].
① Karl F. Inderfurth, David Fabrycky and Stephen P. Cohen, “The Tsunami Report Card”, Foreign Policy Magazine, December, 2005, available: http://www..gwu.edu/~elliott/faculty/reportcard.pdf, [accessed on March 18, 2007].
②《印度洋海啸灾难后的工作报告》,中国地震信息网,http://www.csi.ac.cn/wjf/dzll/genzong/indonesia041226/report_un.htm,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 18 日。
③ 同上。
④ Karl F. Inderfurth, David Fabrycky and Stephen P. Cohen, “The Tsunami Report Card”, website referred above.
⑤《印度洋海啸灾难后的工作报告》,上引网址。
⑥ 同上。
① 资料整理自: “United Nations Coordinated International Response to Tsunami”, May 9,2005, available: http://www.unfoundation.org/files/pdf/2005/UNroleintsunamirelief.pdf, [accessed on March 18, 2007], “Coordination and the Indian Ocean Tsunami”, available: http://ochaonline.un.org/ocha2006/chap6_1.htm, [accessed on March 18, 2007], and “Indian Ocean Earthquake-Tsunami 2005 flash appeal”, available: http://www.humanitarianinfo.org/sumatra/inc/docs/MTR_2005_IndianOceanTsunami.pdf, [accessed on March 18, 2007] .
② William L. Waugh, JR, Living with Hazards, Dealing with Disasters (New York: M.E. Sharpe, Inc., 1984), pp.48-49.
③ “National Post-Tsunami Lessons Learned and Best Practices”, Workshop Report, June 8-9, 2005, available: http://www.reliefweb.int/library/documents/2005/ocha-lka-05jul.pdf, [accessed on March 18, 2007].
① “Tsunami Thailand-One Year Later”, Joint Report by United Nations County Team and Royal Thailand Government, available: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTEASTASIAPACIFIC/Resources/TsunamiTH_One-Year-Later.pdf, [accessed on March 18, 2007], & “The Tsunami Appeal for South and South East Asia”, available: http://www.tsunamispecialenvoy.org/pdf/ADH_Evaluation_Layout.pdf, [accessed on March 18, 2007].
② Roberta Cohen, “The Tsunami Tragedy: Political, Economic, and Environmental Lessons”, January 25, 2005, available: http://wwwnotes.reliefweb.int/w/RWB.NSF/8b7d095431371f6e852567cb008396bb/36a8d0aa6bb7cf0fc1256faf0051332f?OpenDocument, [accessed on July 19, 2006].
① Kirsten E. Schulze, “Between Conflict and Peace: Tsunami Aid and Reconstruction in Aceh”, November 2005, available: http://www.lse.ac.uk/Depts/global/Publications/HumanSecurityReport/Tsunami/Aceh%20Tsunami%20Response.pdf, [accessed on March 18, 2007].
①《布什宣布美日澳印成立国际联盟救助海啸灾难》,2004 年 12 月 30 日,新华网,http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2004-12/30/content_2394105.htm,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 18 日。
② 李少军:《印度洋海啸对国际关系的影响》,2005 年 1 月 25 日,《中国社会科学院院报》, http://www.iwep.org.cn/pdf/2005/ydyhx.pdf,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 18 日。
③ 以上观点出处:同上。
④《海啸救援给世界一个机会(清华-环球论坛)》,2005 年 1 月 26 日,人民网,http://www.people.com.cn/GB/paper68/13960/1246114.html,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 18 日。
①《海啸救援给世界一个机会(清华-环球论坛)》,2005 年 1 月 26 日,人民网,http://www.people.com.cn/GB/paper68/13960/1246114.html,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 18 日。
②《联合国对美国解散海啸救灾国际联盟表示欢迎》,2005 年 1 月 7 日,新华网,http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2005-01/07/content_2426234.htm,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 18 日。
③ Karl F. Inderfurth, David Fabrycky and Stephen P. Cohen, “The Tsunami Report Card”, Foreign Policy Magazine, December 2005, available: http://www..gwu.edu/~elliott/faculty/reportcard.pdf, [accessed on March 18, 2007].
④ Ibid.
① 常驻联合国代表团科技组:《印度洋海啸灾难后的工作报告》,上引网址。
② 同上。
③ 同上。
④ “Tsunami Thailand-One Year Later”, p.47, available: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTEASTASIAPACIFIC/Resources/TsunamiTH_One-Year-Later.pdf, [accessed lately on March 18, 2007].
①《联合国官员:印度洋海啸救援“空前有效”》,2005 年 1 月 21 日,新华网,http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2005-01/21/content_2488511.htm,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 18 日。
② Kirsten E. Schulze, “Between Conflict and Peace: Tsunami Aid and Reconstruction in Aceh”, November 2005, website referred above, p.7.
③ 这些复原计划包括:灾难发生三个月后,印度尼西亚政府公布了《关于亚齐省、尼亚斯岛和苏门达腊北部恢复和重建总计划》,然后成立了恢复和重建执行局,来监测该计划的执行情况;印尼政府还成立了一个政府专门机构,并具有明确任务规定和积极安排工作人员,很好地与国际社会一道根据一套共同的价值观念和标准制定复原和重建方案。在斯里兰卡,2005 年 7 月公布了联合国系统制定的为期二十四个月的过渡战略,这一战略为该国政府海啸之后的复原新计划提供支持。在印度,印度政府规划委员会成立了协调各部的核心小组,为所有受灾地区制定和管理为期 156 周共计 21.9 亿美元的恢复方案。在泰国,政府为安达曼海岸沿线受海啸影响的地区成立一个恢复管理和发展委员会。在马尔代夫,政府已制定一项详细的国家复原和重建计划,其目标包括宏观经济复苏和恢复生计,加强社区能力,保护环境和防灾,以及有效提供公共服务等。
④ 常驻联合国代表团科技组:《印度洋海啸灾难后的工作报告》,上引网址。
⑤ 同上。
① 常驻联合国代表团科技组:《印度洋海啸灾难后的工作报告》,上引网址。
② Tsunami Thailand-One Year Later, website referred above, p.47
③《安南任命克林顿为联合国海啸救灾特使》,2005 年 2 月 2 日,新华网,http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2005-02/02/content_2537573.htm,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 18 日。
④ “Lessons Learned from Tsunami Recovery”, NGOs Report to President Clinton, October 31,2006, http://www.tsunamisepcialenvoy.org/default.aspx 2006 年 11 月 13 日查询。
⑤ 常驻联合国代表团科技组:《印度洋海啸灾难后的工作报告》,上引网址。
⑥《克林顿最后一次主持海啸复苏会议》, 2006 年 11 月 15 日,联合国新闻,http://www.un.org/chinese/News/fullstorynews.asp?newsID=6801,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 18 日。
⑦ 同上。
⑧ 常驻联合国代表团科技组:《印度洋海啸灾难后的工作报告》,上引网址。
① 常驻联合国代表团科技组:《印度洋海啸灾难后的工作报告》,上引网址。
② Humanitarian Information Center for Sumatra, available: http://www.humanitarianinfo.org/, [accessed on March 18, 2007].
③ 常驻联合国代表团科技组:《印度洋海啸灾难后的工作报告》,上引网址。
④ “United Nations Coordinated International Response to Tsunami”, May 9,2005, available: http://www.unfoundation.org/files/pdf/2005/UNroleintsunamirelief.pdf, [accessed on March 18, 2007].
⑤ Tsunami-Related Resources across the United Nations, Websites, available: http://portal.unesco.org/unesco/ev.php?URL_ID=24840&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=-473, [accessed on March 18, 2007].
① “United Nations Coordinated International Response to Tsunami”, May 9,2005, available: http://www.unfoundation.org/files/pdf/2005/UNroleintsunamirelief.pdf, [accessed on March 18, 2007].
② Ibid.
③ Ibid.
④ “Factsheet: How does tsunami relief fit together?”, January 17, 2005, available: http://www.alertnet.org/thefacts/reliefresources/110598369352.htm, [accessed on March 18, 2007].
⑤ “United Nations Coordinated International Response to Tsunami”, websites referred above.
⑥ “Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Thailand: Earthquake and Tsunami”, OCHA Situation Report No. 29, February 2005, available: http://www.undp.org/bcpr/disred/documents/tsunami/ocha/sitrep29.pdf, [accessed on March 19, 2007], “Indonesia: Tsunami – OCHA-21: 26-Jan-05”, available: http://cidi.org/disaster/05a/ixl48.html, [accessed lately on March 19, 2007].
⑦ “Coordination of Emergency Response”, available: http://www.reliefweb.int/ocha_ol/programs/response/service.html, [accessed on March 19, 2007].
⑧ “United Nations Coordinated International Response to Tsunami”, websites referred above.
① 以上资料来自,李国章:《印尼亚齐呈现和平曙光》,2005 年 7 月 20 日,《经济日报》,第八版。
② Pieter Feith, “Paper presented by Head of Aceh Monitoring Mission for the Center for European Studies”, University of Indonesia Seminar Beyond the Tsunami from Recovery to Peace, Jakarta, May 3, 2006, available: http://www.aceh-mm.org/download/english/The%20AMM%20Experience.pdf, [accessed on March 19, 2007].
③ “Conflict and Peacemaking in Aceh: A Chronology”, available:http://www.worldwatch.org/features/disasters/aceh-timeline, [accessed on March 19, 2007].
④ “Aceh and Nias one Year after the Tsunami, the Recovery Effort and Way Forward”, BRR, December 2005, p.19, available: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTEASTASIAPACIFIC/Resources/1YR_tsunami_advance_release.pdf,[accessed on March 19, 2007].
① Kirsten E. Schulze, “Between Conflict and Peace: Tsunami Aid and Reconstruction in Aceh”, November 2005, website referred above, p.3.
② Ibid.
③ “2004 Tsunami Crisis-Impact on Indonesia”, available: http://www.ringsurf.com/info/News/Tsunami/Indonesia/, [accessed on March 19, 2007].
④ 以上资料来源,陈占杰:《斯里兰卡:重大伤亡折射尖锐民族矛盾》,2006 年 10 月 17 日,新华网,http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2006-10/17/content_5216047.htm?rss=1,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 19 日。
⑤ “Faltering Sri Lankan Peace Process, Sri Lanka’s Drift Back into War”, Journal of International Peace Operations, Vol.2 No.3, November-December, 2006, available: http://www.usip.org/specialists/bios/documents/fair_jipo, [accessed on March 19, 2007].
① 俞懿晗,李双:《四大视角看海啸遗产:非凡的给与和无尽的冲突》,2005 年 12 月 26 日,《东方早报》,中国网,http://www.china.org.cn/chinese/PI-c/1072621.htm,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 19 日。
② 固山:《共同悲伤为和平铺路,海啸推动斯里兰卡和平进程》,2004 年 12 月 31 日,中国新闻网,http://www.chinanews.com.cn/news/2004/2004-12-31/26/523280.shtml,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 19 日。
③ 陈占杰:《斯里兰卡:重大伤亡折射尖锐民族矛盾》,上引网址。
④ 固山:《共同悲伤为和平铺路,海啸推动斯里兰卡和平进程》,上引网址。
① Melissa Tjota, “Sri Lanka and the Fight for Peace”, May 6, 2006, available: http://hir.harvard.edu/articles/1306/, [accessed on March 19, 2007].
② “Aceh Conflict Monitoring Update”, http://www.conflictanddevelopment.org/resources/documents/Aceh/200511151057110.Aceh%20Conflict%20Monitoring%20Update%20-%20October.pdf, [accessed on November 19, 2006].
③ Christine Susanna Tjihin, “Post Tsunami Reconstruction and Peace Building in Aceh: Political Impacts and Potential Risks”, Political and Social Change Working Paper Series, October, 2005, available: http://www.csis.or.id/working_paper_file/59/wps053.pdf, [accessed on March 19, 2007].
④ Ibid.
①《印度尼西亚亚齐问题》,新华网,http://www.news.xinhuanet.com/ziliao/2002-12/10/content_655031,最近 查询,2007 年 3 月 19 日。
② Kirsten E. Schulze, “Between Conflict and Peace: Tsunami Aid and Reconstruction in Aceh”, November 2005, website referred above, p.3.
③ GSP-plus 是提供给印度洋海啸受灾国家输欧纺织品及成衣免关税的优惠。
④ Benita Ferrero-Waldner, “Time to Take a Leaf From the Aceh story”, Commissioner for External Relations European Commission, December, 12,2006, available: http://peaceinsrilanka.org/peace2005/Insidepage/InternationalSupport/EuropeanCommission/EUMediaRel120106.asp, [accessed on March 19, 2007].
① Kirsten E. Schulze, “Between Conflict and Peace: Tsunami Aid and Reconstruction in Aceh”, November 2005, website referred above p.3.
② “Background” ,Sri Lanka Monitoring Mission, available: http://www.slmm.lk/, [accessed on March 19, 2007].
③ “Faltering Sri Lankan Peace Process, Sri Lanka’s Drift Back into War”, website referred above.
④ Ibid.
⑤《印度尼西亚亚齐问题》,2002 年 12 月 20 日,新华网,http://www.news.xinhuanet.com/ziliao/2002-12/10/content_655031
①《印尼政府和“自由亚齐运动”正式签署和平协议》,2005 年 8 月 15 日,新华网,http://news.xinhuanet.com/photo/2005-08/15/content_3357222_6.htm,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 19 日。
② “Aceh Monitoring Mission-AMM”, available: http://www.consilium.europa.eu/cms3_fo/showPage.ASP?id=961&lang=EN&mode=g, [accessed on March 19, 2007].
③《“自由亚齐运动”宣布解散其军事组织》,2005 年 12 月 27 日,新华网,http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2005-12/27/content_3976802.htm,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 19 日。
④《印尼国会通过〈亚齐自治法〉》,2006 年 7 月 11 日,新华网,http://news.xinhuanet.com/newscenter/2006-07/11/content_4819432.htm,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 19 日。
① V.S. Sambandan, “Sri Lanka’s Post-Tsunami Peace Moves”, June 6, 2005, available: http://www.hindu.com/2005/06/06/stories/2005060602981100.htm,[accessed on March 19, 2007.]
② “Faltering Sri Lankan Peace Process, Sri Lanka’s Drift Back into War”, website referred above.
③ 俞懿晗,李双:《四大视角看海啸遗产:非凡的给与和无尽的冲突》,2005 年 12 月 26 日,《东方早报》,中国网,http://www.china.org.cn/chinese/PI-c/1072621.htm,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 19 日。
④《斯里兰卡和平前景难卜》,2005 年 12 月 29 日,《人民日报》,第三版。
⑤《斯里兰卡停火监督委员会办公室遭袭击》,2006 年 1 月 14 日,华语在线广播,http://gb.cri.cn/1321/2006/01/14/157@861330.htm,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 20 日。
① “Faltering Sri Lankan Peace Process, Sri Lanka’s Drift Back into War”, website referred above.
② “Faltering Sri Lankan Peace Process, Sri Lanka’s Drift Back into War”, website referred above.
③ 陈继辉:《斯里兰卡:和平进程面临危险》,2006 年 12 月 5 日,新华网,http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2006-12/05/content_5435292.htm,最近查询,2007 年 4 月 2 日。
④ Benita Ferrero-Waldner, “Time to Take a Leaf From the Aceh story”, website referred above.
① 刘俊主编:《关注海啸》,北京·军事科学出版社,2005 年版, 第 7 页。
② 震源指地球内部发生地震的地方,也称震源区。震源深度指,如果把震源看成一个点,那么这个点到地面的垂直距离就为震源深度。
③ 震级是表征地震强弱的量度,通常用字母 M 表示,他与地震所释放的能量有关。我国目前使用的震级标准是国际上通用的里氏分级表,共分 9 个等级。在实际测量中,震级则是根据地震仪对地震波所作的记录计算出来的。地震越大,震级的数字也越大。震级每相差 1 级,能量相差大约 32 倍;每相差 2 集,能量相差约 1000 倍。也就是说一个 6 级地震下相当于 32 个 5 级地震,而一个 7 级地震相当于 1000 个 5 级地震。一个 6 级地震释放的能量,相当于美国投掷在日本广岛的原子弹所具有的能量。目前世界上最大的地震震级为 9 级。
④ 刘俊主编:《关注海啸》,第 7-8 页。
⑤ Mike Weatherford and Nancy Bohrer, “South Asia Disaster Response”, Imagery Analysis, available: http://www.citystar.com/~mweather/imagery.htm, [accessed on March 20, 2007].
⑥ 刘俊主编:《关注海啸》,第 44 页。
① Mike Weatherford and Nancy Bohrer, “South Asia Disaster Response”, website referred above.
② 刘俊主编:《关注海啸》,第 45 页。
③ Charles Meade, “Get Proactive with Disaster”, Philadelphia Inquirer, September 27, 2005, available: http://www.rand.org/commentary/092705PI.html, [accessed on April 2, 2007].
④ 刘俊主编:《关注海啸》,第 77 页。
⑤ 明阳:《海啸的监测和国际海啸预警系统》,2006 年 7 月 25 日,《中国海洋报》,http://www.soa.gov.cn/oceannews/hyb1525/45.htm,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 20 日。
① 刘俊主编:《关注海啸》,第 77 页。
② 同上。
③ 明阳:《海啸的监测和国际海啸预警系统》,2006 年 7 月 25 日,上引网址。
④ 同上。
⑤ “Global Survey of Early Warning Systems”, A report prepared at the request of the Secretary-General of the United Nations, September, 2006, p.13, available: http://www.unisdr.org/ppew/info-resources/ewc3/Global-Survey-of-Early-Warning-Systems.pdf, [accessed on March 20, 2007].
⑥ Ibid.
① 刘俊主编:《关注海啸》,第 78 页。
② 与王绍玉的谈话, 2006 年 6 月。王绍玉,哈尔滨工业大学国际经贸关系学院,博士生导师,研究方向:环境与区域经济安全、灾害管理及人力资源管理。
③ Roberta Cohen, “Measuring Indonesia’s Response to Tsunami”, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, January 12, 2006. Available: http://www.brookings.edu/fp/projects/idp/200601_RC_tsunami.pdf, P.3, [accessed lately on March 20, 2007].
④ “Report on Main Findings”, Government of Maldives and United Nations Post-Tsunami Lessons Learned and Best Practices Workshop, Maldives, May 17-18, 2005, p.2. Available: http://www.reliefweb.int/library/documents/2005/ocha-mdv-05jul.pdf, [accessed lately on March 20, 2007].
① 马尔代夫的资料整理自:“Report on Main Findings”, Government of Maldives and United Nations Post-Tsunami Lessons Learned and Best Practices Workshop, Maldives, May 17-18, 2005, available: http://www.reliefweb.int/library/documents/2005/ocha-mdv-05jul.pdf, [accessed on March 20, 2007].
② 斯里兰卡的资料整理自:“Report”, National Pos-Tsunami Lessons Learned and Best Practices Workshop, Sri Lanka, June 8-9, 2005, available: http://www.reliefweb.int/library/documents/2005/ocha-lka-05jul.pdf, [accessed on March 20, 2007].
① “Tsunami Thailand-one Year Later”, Joint Report by United Nations County Team and Royal Thailand Government, available: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTEASTASIAPACIFIC/Resources/TsunamiTH_One-Year-Later.pdf, [accessed lately on March 20, 2007].
② ISDR, (International Strategy for Disaster Reduction )国际减灾战略,旨在通过加强国际社会减灾重要性的认识建立抗灾社会,减少自然灾害和相关的技术和环境灾难对人类、社会、经济和环境的损害。
③ “Global Survey of Early Warning Systems”, A report prepared at the request of the Secretary-General of the United Nations, September, 2006, p.2, available: http://www.unisdr.org/ppew/info-resources/ewc3/Global-Survey-of-Early-Warning-Systems.pdf, [accessed on March 20, 2007].
④ “Global Survey of Early Warning Systems”, A report prepared at the request of the Secretary-General of the United Nations, September, 2006, p.2, available: http://www.unisdr.org/ppew/info-resources/ewc3/Global-Survey-of-Early-Warning-Systems.pdf, [accessed onMarch 20, 2007].
① Reid Basher, “Global early warning systems for natural hazards: systematic and people-centered”, Phil. Tans. R. Soc. A(2006), June 28, 2006, p.1268, available: http://www.unisdr.org/ppew/info-resources/docs/RSTA20061819p.pdf, [accessed on March 29, 2007].
② Ibid.
③ Ibid.
④ “Global Survey of Early Warning Systems”, A report prepared at the request of the Secretary-General of the United Nations, September, 2006,website referred above.
① “Global Survey of Early Warning Systems”, A report prepared at the request of the Secretary-General of the United Nations, September, 2006,website referred above.
② Ibid.
③ “In Larger Freedom: towards development, security and human rights for all (A/59/2005)”, available: http://www.un.org/largerfreedom, [accessed on March 20, 2007].
④ “Preliminary Survey of Early Warning Systems”, July 29, 2005, available: http://www.wmo.ch/disasters/downloads/2005.07.29%20-%20WMO%20Preliminary%20Survey%20of%20EWS%20to%20Support%20UN%20Secreatry%20General%20Report.doc, [accessed on March 20, 2007].
⑤ “Global Survey of Early Warning Systems”, A report prepared at the request of the Secretary-General of the United Nations, September, 2006,website referred above.
①《教科文组织将启动印度洋海啸预警系统》,2005 年 6 月 21 日,联合国新闻,http://www.un.org/chinese/News/fullstorynews.asp?newsID=3872,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 20 日。
② “Evaluation and Strengthening of Early Warning Systems in Countries Affected by the 26 December 2004 Tsunami”, available: http://www.unisdr-earlywarning.org/tewis, [accessed on November 13, 2006].
③ Ibid.
① “Evaluation and Strengthening of Early Warning Systems in Countries Affected by the 26 December 2004 Tsunami”, available: http://www.unisdr-earlywarning.org/tewis, [accessed on November 13, 2006].
② “Proposed Strategy for Building Resilience to Tsunamis in the Indian Ocean 2006-2008”, ISDR, available: http://www.unisdr.org/ppew/tsunami/news-events/Future-strategy-2006-2008.doc, [accessed on March 20, 2007].
①《印尼发生里氏 7.2 级地震,据称可能引发地区性海啸》,2006 年 7 月 17 日,央视国际,http://news.cctv.com/world/20060717/103953.shtml,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 20 日。
② “Magnitude 7.7-South of Java, Indonesia”, July 17, 2006, available: http://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/eqinthenews/2006/usqgaf/, [accessed on March 20, 2007].
③ “Information note on the 17 July 2006 Java tsunami and the performance of early warning systems”, prepared on as a briefing for ISDR partners by the ISDR secretariat and ISDR Platform for the promotion of early warning, July 21, 2006, available: http://www.unisdr.org/ppew/tsunami/pdf/Information-note-on-Java-tsunami.doc, [accessed on March 20, 2007].
④ Ibid.
⑤ Ibid.
⑥ Ibid.
① “Information note on the 17 July 2006 Java tsunami and the performance of early warning systems”, prepared on as a briefing for ISDR partners by the ISDR secretariat and ISDR Platform for the promotion of early warning, July 21, 2006, available: http://www.unisdr.org/ppew/tsunami/pdf/Information-note-on-Java-tsunami.doc, [accessed on March 20, 2007].
①《联合国海啸预警系统将扩及北大西洋地中海》,2005 年 11 月 24 日,环球网,http://www.singtaonet.com/global/world/t20051124_62012.html,最近查询,2007 年 3 月 20 日。
① Kirsten E. Schulze, “Between Conflict and Peace: Tsunami Aid and Reconstruction in Aceh”, November 2005, website referred above, p.16.
② Ibid., p.18.
③ Dennis Warner, “Moral Dilemmas in Disaster Response”, Prepared for the Annual Meeting of the Association for Practical and Professional Ethics, Florida, March 4, 2006, p.2, available: http://www.eng.umd.edu/ewb/files/moral.doc, [accessed on March 21, 2007].
① “Military Support in Humanitarian Assistance/Disaster Relief: Assessment Report Insights and Observations”, Emerald Express 06-1(EE 06-1), February 14-15, 2006, p.8, available: http://www.tsunamispecialenvoy.org/pdf/Miltiray-support-in-humanitarian.pdf, [accessed on March 21, 2007].
② Ibid., p.9.
③ “Code of Conduct for NGOs in Disaster Relief”, available: http://www.gdrc.org/ngo/codesofconduct/ifrc-codeconduct.html, [accessed on March 21, 2007].
④ Kirsten E. Schulze, “Between Conflict and Peace: Tsunami Aid and Reconstruction in Aceh”, November 2005, website referred above, p.12.
⑤ “Military Support in Humanitarian Assistance/Disaster Relief: Assessment Report Insights and Observations”, Emerald Express 06-1(EE 06-1), February 14-15, 2006, website referred above, p.9.
⑥ Kirsten E. Schulze, “Between Conflict and Peace: Tsunami Aid and Reconstruction in Aceh”, November 2005, website referred above, p.11.
① Kirsten E. Schulze, “Between Conflict and Peace: Tsunami Aid and Reconstruction in Aceh”, November 2005, website referred above, p.12.
② Ibid., p.11.
③ Ibid., p.11-12.
④ Jon Bennett, et al., “Coordination of international humanitarian assistance in tsunami-affected countries”, Evaluation Findings, Sri Lanka, available: http://www.tsunami-evaluation.org/NR/rdonlyres/6A1C7C4D-D99C-4ECE-A207-99589C212E78/0/coordination_sri_lanka.pdf, [accessed on March 21, 2007].
① Kirsten E. Schulze, “Between Conflict and Peace: Tsunami Aid and Reconstruction in Aceh”, November 2005, website referred above, p.13.
② Ed Aspinall, “Paranoia and politics in the Disaster Zone”, Sydney Morning Herald, February 3, 2005, available: http://www.smh.com.au/news/Opinion/Paranoia-and-politics-in-the-disaster-zone/2005/02/02/1107228765870.html, [accessed on March 21, 2007].
① Ed Aspinall, “Paranoia and politics in the Disaster Zone”, Sydney Morning Herald, February 3, 2005, available: http://www.smh.com.au/news/Opinion/Paranoia-and-politics-in-the-disaster-zone/2005/02/02/1107228765870.html, [accessed on March 21, 2007].
② Mr Pieter Feith, “Beyond the Tsunami From Recovery to Peace”, Paper Presented by Head of Aceh Monitoring Mission for the Center for European Studies,. Jakarta 3 May 2006, available: http://www.aceh-mm.org/download/english/The%20AMM%20Experience.pdf, [accessed on March 21, 2007].
② Kirsten E. Schulze, “Between Conflict and Peace: Tsunami Aid and Reconstruction in Aceh”, November 2005, website referred above, p.14.
① Kirsten E. Schulze, “Between Conflict and Peace: Tsunami Aid and Reconstruction in Aceh”, November 2005, website referred above, p.17.
② Pieter Feith, “Beyond the Tsunami From Recovery to Peace”, Paper Presented by Head of Aceh Monitoring Mission for the Center for European Studies,. Jakarta 3 May 2006, website referred above.
③ Max Martin,, “Missing the point”, Saturday, Medico International, July 23,2005, available: http://www.medico-international.de/projekte/suedasien/tsunami/20050723indiadisasters.asp, [accessed on March 21, 2007].
① David P. Fidler, SARS, Governance and the Globalization of Disease (New York: Palgrave Macnillan, 2004), pp.42-69.
① 转引自约翰?霍夫曼:《主权》,(陆彬译),长春·吉林人民出版社,2005 年版,第 1 页。
② 杨泽伟:《主权论—国际法上的主权问题及其发展趋势研究》,北京大学出版社,2006 年版,第 6 页。
①《联合国宪章》,联合国网站:http://www.un.org/chinese/aboutun/charter/chapter7.htm,最近查询,2007 年 4 月 11 日。
① 杨泽伟:《主权论——国际法上的主权问题及其发展趋势研究》,第 6 页。
① 参见张宇燕、李增刚:《全球公共产品的政治经济学分析》,载《现代国际经济学理论发展综述》(中国世 界经济学会组编),北京·中国人民大学出版社,2006 年版,第 294 页。
①《世界卫生组织第 A59/5 号文件》,2004 年 4 月 24 日,世界卫生组织网站,http://www.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA59/A59_5-en.pdf,最近查询,2007 年 1 月 22 日。
②《国际卫生条例(2005)》,世界卫生组织,http://www.un.org/chinese/esa/health/regulation/1.htm,最近查询,2007 年 4 月 16 日。
①《世界卫生组织第 A59/4 号文件》, 2006 年 4 月 24 日,世界卫生组织网站,http://www.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA59/A59_4-en.pdf,最近查询,2007 年 1 月 22 日。
① Director-General, “Policy for relations with nongovernmental organizations”, World Health Organization Fifty-Severn World Health Assembly, A57/32, April 1, 2004, available: http://www.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA57/A57_32-en.pdf, [accessed on March 22, 2007].
① 《印尼恢复向 WHO 提供病毒样本》,2007 年 3 月 29 日,《参考消息》, 第 7 版。
① Lee Chienhong, “International Cooperation in the world of Sovereign but Interdependent nation States”, Bell &Howell Information &Learning Company, pp.44-45.
① The Brookings Institution Project on Internal Displacement, Handbook for applying the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, 1999, pp.9-14, available: http://www.reliefweb.int/idp/docs/HandbookonIDPs.pdf, [accessed lately on March 24, 2007].
② The Brookings institution-University of Bern Project on Internal Displacement, “Addressing Internal Displacement: A framework for National Responsibility”, April 2005, pp31-39, available: http://www.brookings.edu/dybdocroot/fp/projects/idp/20050401_nrframework.pdf, [accessed lately on March 24, 2007].
③ Walter Kalin, “Protection of internally displaced persons in situation of natural disaster”, a working visit to Asia, February 21-March 5, 2005, p.9., available: http://www.brookings.edu/fp/projects/idp/20050227_tsunami.pdf, [accessed lately on March 24, 2007].
④ Roberta Cohen and Francis M. Deng, Masses in Flight: The Global Crisis of Internal Displacement (Washington D. C.: Brooking Institution, 1998), p. xix.
① Roberta Cohen, “Measuring Indonesia’s Response to Tsunami”, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, January 12, 2006. Available: http://www.brookings.edu/fp/projects/idp/200601_RC_tsunami.pdf, P.3, [accessed on March 20, 2007].
② Roberta Cohen, “Some Reflection on National and International Responsibility in Situations of Internal Displacement”, Spring 2004, pp.5-8. Available: http://www.brookings.edu/views/articles/cohenr/20040504.htm, [accessed on March 24, 2007].
① Tsunami-related resources across the United Nations, Websites. Available: http://portal.unesco.org/unesco/ev.php?URL_ID=24840&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=-473, [accessed on March 18, 2007].
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中国网:http://www.china.org.cn/
世界卫生组织网站:http://www.who.int/csr/
人民网,http://www.people.com.cn/
人民日报海外网, http://www.snweb.com/
央视国际,http://202.108.249.200/
新华网:http://www.bj.xinhuanet.com/
中国新闻网,http://news.sina.com.cn/
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中华人民共和国卫生部网站,http://www.moh.gov.cn/
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新浪网:http://www.news.sina.com.cn/
联合国新闻,http://www.un.org/chinese/News/
《人民日报》
《京华时报》
《南方周末》
《东方早报》
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