辽河流域沉积物中持久性有机污染物的研究
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摘要
多环芳烃(PAHs)和多氯二苯并- p -二恶英/呋喃( PCDD/ Fs)是典型的两大类持久性有机污染物。这些化合物一经产生,可以通过干湿沉降沉积到河流沉积物中。由于河流沉积物是地球表层生态重要组成部分,它与上覆水体相互间存在频繁的交换作用,被污染的沉积物可能成为潜在的二次污染源。因此,河流沉积物持久性有机污染物的研究具有重要的理论和实际意义。
本论文参考美国EPA标准方法,利用液相色谱/程序荧光方法和高分辩气相色谱/高分辩质谱方法对辽宁省辽河流域表层沉积物中16种优控多环芳烃以及二噁英类化合物进行了的测定,并对结果进行了分析,同时讨论了其在辽河沉积物中的分布特征、毒性当量浓度以及来源。辽河沉积物中总PAHs含量介于27.8～1479 ng/g,平均值为285.5ng/g。大辽河沉积物中总PAHs含量介于267.9～9212ng/g,平均值为2238ng/g。总PAHs含量最高点为S24(鞍山市三岔河铁路大桥南)9212ng/g,最低点为S4(铁岭市双井子乡关家砣子村)27.8ng/g。各沉积物检出的多环芳烃中蒽、菲、芴组分含量较高。荧蒽/芘,茚并[1 ,2 ,3-cd]芘/276的比值显示,辽河流域表层沉积物中PAHs主要为燃烧来源。
辽河表层沉积物PCDD/Fs总含量为13.75～485.5 ng·kg~(-1),总毒性当量浓度为0.174～14.888 ng·kg~(-1)。与日本、欧美水体沉积物相比,大多数采样点沉积物PCDD/Fs属于背景值的水平。沉积物中2,3,7,8-TCDD、1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD、2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF及1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF对毒性当量的贡献较大。主成分分析和聚类分析的结果表明大多数的辽河采样点沉积物中PCDD/Fs主要来源于大气沉降,个别污染严重的采样点可能有点污染源。
Because of the high ratio of heavy industry and neglect of protection, Liao River has become one of the most polluted rivers in China. However, to date, no detailed investigation on the pollution of POPs of this area has been performed. In this study, 30 surface sediments were sampled from the basin all over the Liaoning Province. Through laboratory analysis, results on POPs residues including 16 EPA PAHs, 87 PCDD/Fs in collected samples were obtained. It is the purpose of this paper to report on the sampling campaigns, analytical methods, as well as analytical results.
The total concentrations of PAHs ranged from 129 ng/g to 1487 ng/g of dry weight in the Liao He sediments, while ranged from 267.9 ng/g to 9212ng/g in the Daliao He. The highest concentrations of PAHs occurred at An Shan( N 400059.271’, E122 024.890 ) 9212ng/g, and the lowest at Tie Ling(N 42018.245’, E123047.731’)27.8ng/g. Compared with the total concentrations of PAHs of other rivers in the world, the degree of contamination of Liao He River by PAHs is low while moderate/high in Daliao He River. Specific compounds or groups of PAHs have been used as molecular markers to differentiate petrogenic and pyrogenic origin. The results showed that the main sources of PAHs in Liao River Basin are pyrolytic input such as such as combustion of coal, wood and petrogenic chemicals.
The total concentrations of PCDD/Fs in the collected sediments from Liao He River ranged from 13.75 ng·kg~(-1) to 485.5 ng·kg~(-1) (dry). WHO-TEQ of PCDD/Fs in the sediments ranged from 0.174 ng·kg~(-1) to 14.888 ng·kg~(-1) (dry). The degree of contamination of Liao He River by PCDD/Fs is low/moderate. The congener patterns found in most surface sediments appear to be the result of atmospheric deposition. In some heavily polluted sites, it showed industrial sources is responsible for the presence of these compounds.
本论文参考美国EPA标准方法,利用液相色谱/程序荧光方法和高分辩气相色谱/高分辩质谱方法对辽宁省辽河流域表层沉积物中16种优控多环芳烃以及二噁英类化合物进行了的测定,并对结果进行了分析,同时讨论了其在辽河沉积物中的分布特征、毒性当量浓度以及来源。辽河沉积物中总PAHs含量介于27.8～1479 ng/g,平均值为285.5ng/g。大辽河沉积物中总PAHs含量介于267.9～9212ng/g,平均值为2238ng/g。总PAHs含量最高点为S24(鞍山市三岔河铁路大桥南)9212ng/g,最低点为S4(铁岭市双井子乡关家砣子村)27.8ng/g。各沉积物检出的多环芳烃中蒽、菲、芴组分含量较高。荧蒽/芘,茚并[1 ,2 ,3-cd]芘/276的比值显示,辽河流域表层沉积物中PAHs主要为燃烧来源。
辽河表层沉积物PCDD/Fs总含量为13.75～485.5 ng·kg~(-1),总毒性当量浓度为0.174～14.888 ng·kg~(-1)。与日本、欧美水体沉积物相比,大多数采样点沉积物PCDD/Fs属于背景值的水平。沉积物中2,3,7,8-TCDD、1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD、2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF及1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF对毒性当量的贡献较大。主成分分析和聚类分析的结果表明大多数的辽河采样点沉积物中PCDD/Fs主要来源于大气沉降,个别污染严重的采样点可能有点污染源。
Because of the high ratio of heavy industry and neglect of protection, Liao River has become one of the most polluted rivers in China. However, to date, no detailed investigation on the pollution of POPs of this area has been performed. In this study, 30 surface sediments were sampled from the basin all over the Liaoning Province. Through laboratory analysis, results on POPs residues including 16 EPA PAHs, 87 PCDD/Fs in collected samples were obtained. It is the purpose of this paper to report on the sampling campaigns, analytical methods, as well as analytical results.
The total concentrations of PAHs ranged from 129 ng/g to 1487 ng/g of dry weight in the Liao He sediments, while ranged from 267.9 ng/g to 9212ng/g in the Daliao He. The highest concentrations of PAHs occurred at An Shan( N 400059.271’, E122 024.890 ) 9212ng/g, and the lowest at Tie Ling(N 42018.245’, E123047.731’)27.8ng/g. Compared with the total concentrations of PAHs of other rivers in the world, the degree of contamination of Liao He River by PAHs is low while moderate/high in Daliao He River. Specific compounds or groups of PAHs have been used as molecular markers to differentiate petrogenic and pyrogenic origin. The results showed that the main sources of PAHs in Liao River Basin are pyrolytic input such as such as combustion of coal, wood and petrogenic chemicals.
The total concentrations of PCDD/Fs in the collected sediments from Liao He River ranged from 13.75 ng·kg~(-1) to 485.5 ng·kg~(-1) (dry). WHO-TEQ of PCDD/Fs in the sediments ranged from 0.174 ng·kg~(-1) to 14.888 ng·kg~(-1) (dry). The degree of contamination of Liao He River by PCDD/Fs is low/moderate. The congener patterns found in most surface sediments appear to be the result of atmospheric deposition. In some heavily polluted sites, it showed industrial sources is responsible for the presence of these compounds.
引文
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