甲基立枯磷及其复配制剂防治土传病害应用技术研究
|
摘要
本研究对目前国内外甲基立枯磷的应用现状进行了较为全面的阐述,针对实际中存在的问题,从研究甲基立枯磷防治谱入手,选择与其配伍的组合,并进行小试研究,为甲基立枯磷的应用提供理论及技术指导。
1.采用平板法测定了甲基立枯磷的抑菌谱,结果发现其对棉花立枯病、花生白绢病、油菜菌核病和大葱白腐病等有较高活性;较高浓度下对腐霉菌、疫霉菌也有一定活性;对引起西瓜枯萎病的镰刀菌的EC_(50)接近100μg·mL~(-1),认为其没有实际应用价值。
2.根据测定结果对12种杀菌剂进行筛选,经盆栽和小区试验,用模糊数学矩阵法选择,“甲基立枯磷+福美双”为试验中最佳配方,其次为“甲基立枯磷+敌磺钠”,而“甲基立枯磷+噁霉灵”表现较差。在供试的5个配比中,以折合35%总含量每亩用量120g条件下,以甲基立枯磷:福美双=2:3效果最佳,总防效最高。因此,确定甲基立枯磷和福美双在制剂中的含量为14%和21%。
3.用孙云沛法进行增效作用测定。联合毒力测试结果表明:甲基立枯磷·福美双(2:3)对棉花立枯丝核病菌的实际毒力指数为4635.62,对黄瓜猝倒病菌的实际毒力指数为549.93,对西瓜枯萎病菌的实际毒力指数为2857.63,表明对棉花立枯病菌有一定的增效作用,对黄瓜猝倒病菌、西瓜枯萎病菌有明显的增效作用。甲基立枯磷和福美双混用同时兼有福美双和甲基立枯磷的杀菌特性,既弥补了甲基立枯磷对猝倒病、枯萎病效果不显著的缺点,又克服了两者单独使用防治谱窄的不足。
4.用测定流点的方法,筛选分散剂,以正交法确定比例和用量,并优化剂型配方。最后确定最终配方为:甲基立枯磷14%、福美双21%、分散剂NNO 5%、分散剂TX-10 2.5%、黄原胶0.2%、乙二醇5%、稀盐酸3%、消泡剂FAG480 0.2%,用自来水补足。
This study gives a comparatively all-round explanation on the current application status of tolclofos-methyl both from home and abroad. According to the existing practical problems, this study is started from the prevention and cure spectrum of tolclofos-methyl, the combination of its compatible compound is selected and small range of test has been made, which provides theoretical and technical guidance for tolclofos-methyl.1. Fungistasis spectrum of tolclofos-methyl is obtained with perti-dish method, the result shows that it has higher activity to cotton Rhizoctonia rot peanut Sclerotinia, cole Sclerotinia rot, scallion white rot; it has certain activity to Pythium and Phytophthora under a higher concentration; The EC50 of fusarium which causes watermelon Fusarium blight is near to 100μg·mL-1, it has no practical applicable value.2. According to test result, complementary riddling is done to 12 kinds of fungicide, the best combination "tolclofos-methyl + thiram" is picked up by matrix method of fuzzy mathematics via potted planting and small area test, the secondary formula is "tolclofos-methyl + fenaminosulf, while the effect of "tolclofos-methyl + hymexaxzol" is poor. Among the 5 mixing proportions for testing, 35% of total content is converted and 120g is needed for per 667
m2 , the effect for tolclofos-methyl: thiram =2:3 is the best, and the general preventative effect is the highest. So a content of 14% and 21% for tolclofos-methyl and thiram in preparation is determined.3. Synergized action determination is done by Sun's Method. The result of joint toxicity test shows: the Actual Toxicity Index (ATI) of tolclofos-methyl- thiram(2:3 )to Rhizoctonia solani is 4635.62, the ATI for Phtophthora nicotina is 549.93, the ATI for Fusarium oxysporum 2857.63, it shows that it has certain degree of synergistic action to Rhizoctonia solani, and it has obvious synergistic action to Phtophthora nicotina and Fusarium oxysporum. This compound has the fungicidal characteristic of tolclofos-methyl and thiram at the same time, it not only fetches up the defects of tolclofos-methyl to damping-off and Fusarium blight, but also overcomes, the deficiency of narrow prevention spectrum when they are used separately.4. A method of flow point measuring is adopted in the riddling of dispersant, orthogonal experimental design is employed in determination of proportion and dosage, fonnula of recipe is optimized. The ultimate formula is: 14% tolclofos-methyl, 21% thiram, NNO 5%, TX-10 2.5%, xanthan gum 0.2%, ethylene glycol 5%, muriate acid 3%, foam breaker FAG480 0.2%, tap water is added.5. High performance opposite phase liquid chromatography is adopted and sample is dissolved by methanol, methanol and water is taken as mobile phase, external standard method is used under 254nm to High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) separation and gauging of tolclofos-methyl and thiram of sample in which Hypersil C18 chromatographic column and ultraviolet detector is used. The linear equation and related coefficient of
tolclofos-methyl and thiram in this analysis approach is y=290.9433x-615.99 r=0.9998, y=28.8944x-2769.9 r=0.9995 respectively. The standard deviation and coefficient of variation is 0.04037, 0.04278, 0.2868 % , 0.2028 % respectively. The recovery rate of tolclofos is 99.08%~100.21%, the average recovery rate is 99.49%; the recovery rate of thiram is 99.49%~100.09, the average recovery rate is 99.71%.6. Tolclofos-methyl and its compound is demonstratively experimented and technically popularized in more than 10 provinces of China in 2002-2004. The results shows that tolclofos-methyl is effective to sugarcene tiger-spot, annual bluegrass brown spot, white rot of garlic, it also can be employed in controlling soil borne disease for vegetables and traditional Chinese medicinal materials, such as Sclerotinia blight and Rhizoctonia rot . Tolclofos-methyl thiram compound has high prevention effect to eight kind of soil borne diseases, the effect in turn: cotton Rhizoctonia rot, Cucumber damping-off, capsicum Phytophthora blight, peanut Sclerotinia blight, scallion white rot, cole Sclerotinia rot, tobacco black stem and watermelon Fusarium blight. Field demonstrative popularization indicates 35% tolclofos-methyl- thiram Suspension Concentrate has obvious prevention effect to many common diseases, and it is very easy to use. From experiment to popularization, it shows that tolclofos-methyl · thiram is a kind of ideal fungicide, it has the features of high efficiency, broad-spectrum and security, it is worthwhile to popularize to large areas and it is very important to fill the market blank.
1.采用平板法测定了甲基立枯磷的抑菌谱,结果发现其对棉花立枯病、花生白绢病、油菜菌核病和大葱白腐病等有较高活性;较高浓度下对腐霉菌、疫霉菌也有一定活性;对引起西瓜枯萎病的镰刀菌的EC_(50)接近100μg·mL~(-1),认为其没有实际应用价值。
2.根据测定结果对12种杀菌剂进行筛选,经盆栽和小区试验,用模糊数学矩阵法选择,“甲基立枯磷+福美双”为试验中最佳配方,其次为“甲基立枯磷+敌磺钠”,而“甲基立枯磷+噁霉灵”表现较差。在供试的5个配比中,以折合35%总含量每亩用量120g条件下,以甲基立枯磷:福美双=2:3效果最佳,总防效最高。因此,确定甲基立枯磷和福美双在制剂中的含量为14%和21%。
3.用孙云沛法进行增效作用测定。联合毒力测试结果表明:甲基立枯磷·福美双(2:3)对棉花立枯丝核病菌的实际毒力指数为4635.62,对黄瓜猝倒病菌的实际毒力指数为549.93,对西瓜枯萎病菌的实际毒力指数为2857.63,表明对棉花立枯病菌有一定的增效作用,对黄瓜猝倒病菌、西瓜枯萎病菌有明显的增效作用。甲基立枯磷和福美双混用同时兼有福美双和甲基立枯磷的杀菌特性,既弥补了甲基立枯磷对猝倒病、枯萎病效果不显著的缺点,又克服了两者单独使用防治谱窄的不足。
4.用测定流点的方法,筛选分散剂,以正交法确定比例和用量,并优化剂型配方。最后确定最终配方为:甲基立枯磷14%、福美双21%、分散剂NNO 5%、分散剂TX-10 2.5%、黄原胶0.2%、乙二醇5%、稀盐酸3%、消泡剂FAG480 0.2%,用自来水补足。
This study gives a comparatively all-round explanation on the current application status of tolclofos-methyl both from home and abroad. According to the existing practical problems, this study is started from the prevention and cure spectrum of tolclofos-methyl, the combination of its compatible compound is selected and small range of test has been made, which provides theoretical and technical guidance for tolclofos-methyl.1. Fungistasis spectrum of tolclofos-methyl is obtained with perti-dish method, the result shows that it has higher activity to cotton Rhizoctonia rot peanut Sclerotinia, cole Sclerotinia rot, scallion white rot; it has certain activity to Pythium and Phytophthora under a higher concentration; The EC50 of fusarium which causes watermelon Fusarium blight is near to 100μg·mL-1, it has no practical applicable value.2. According to test result, complementary riddling is done to 12 kinds of fungicide, the best combination "tolclofos-methyl + thiram" is picked up by matrix method of fuzzy mathematics via potted planting and small area test, the secondary formula is "tolclofos-methyl + fenaminosulf, while the effect of "tolclofos-methyl + hymexaxzol" is poor. Among the 5 mixing proportions for testing, 35% of total content is converted and 120g is needed for per 667
m2 , the effect for tolclofos-methyl: thiram =2:3 is the best, and the general preventative effect is the highest. So a content of 14% and 21% for tolclofos-methyl and thiram in preparation is determined.3. Synergized action determination is done by Sun's Method. The result of joint toxicity test shows: the Actual Toxicity Index (ATI) of tolclofos-methyl- thiram(2:3 )to Rhizoctonia solani is 4635.62, the ATI for Phtophthora nicotina is 549.93, the ATI for Fusarium oxysporum 2857.63, it shows that it has certain degree of synergistic action to Rhizoctonia solani, and it has obvious synergistic action to Phtophthora nicotina and Fusarium oxysporum. This compound has the fungicidal characteristic of tolclofos-methyl and thiram at the same time, it not only fetches up the defects of tolclofos-methyl to damping-off and Fusarium blight, but also overcomes, the deficiency of narrow prevention spectrum when they are used separately.4. A method of flow point measuring is adopted in the riddling of dispersant, orthogonal experimental design is employed in determination of proportion and dosage, fonnula of recipe is optimized. The ultimate formula is: 14% tolclofos-methyl, 21% thiram, NNO 5%, TX-10 2.5%, xanthan gum 0.2%, ethylene glycol 5%, muriate acid 3%, foam breaker FAG480 0.2%, tap water is added.5. High performance opposite phase liquid chromatography is adopted and sample is dissolved by methanol, methanol and water is taken as mobile phase, external standard method is used under 254nm to High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) separation and gauging of tolclofos-methyl and thiram of sample in which Hypersil C18 chromatographic column and ultraviolet detector is used. The linear equation and related coefficient of
tolclofos-methyl and thiram in this analysis approach is y=290.9433x-615.99 r=0.9998, y=28.8944x-2769.9 r=0.9995 respectively. The standard deviation and coefficient of variation is 0.04037, 0.04278, 0.2868 % , 0.2028 % respectively. The recovery rate of tolclofos is 99.08%~100.21%, the average recovery rate is 99.49%; the recovery rate of thiram is 99.49%~100.09, the average recovery rate is 99.71%.6. Tolclofos-methyl and its compound is demonstratively experimented and technically popularized in more than 10 provinces of China in 2002-2004. The results shows that tolclofos-methyl is effective to sugarcene tiger-spot, annual bluegrass brown spot, white rot of garlic, it also can be employed in controlling soil borne disease for vegetables and traditional Chinese medicinal materials, such as Sclerotinia blight and Rhizoctonia rot . Tolclofos-methyl thiram compound has high prevention effect to eight kind of soil borne diseases, the effect in turn: cotton Rhizoctonia rot, Cucumber damping-off, capsicum Phytophthora blight, peanut Sclerotinia blight, scallion white rot, cole Sclerotinia rot, tobacco black stem and watermelon Fusarium blight. Field demonstrative popularization indicates 35% tolclofos-methyl- thiram Suspension Concentrate has obvious prevention effect to many common diseases, and it is very easy to use. From experiment to popularization, it shows that tolclofos-methyl · thiram is a kind of ideal fungicide, it has the features of high efficiency, broad-spectrum and security, it is worthwhile to popularize to large areas and it is very important to fill the market blank.
引文
1.白建军.反相高效液相色谱法分析福美双的含量[J].农药,1998,37(10):27.
2.陈丹,初丽伟.福美双混剂HPLC分析方法的研究[J].吉林农业大学学报,1999,21(3):101-103.
3.陈建明,俞晓平,吕仲贤等.除草剂和杀菌剂对稻飞虱及其天敌的影响[J].植物保护学报,1999,26(2):162-166.
4.陈建明,俞晓平,吕仲贤等.稻田常用杀菌剂对褐飞虱若虫的杀伤作用[J].中国水稻科学,1998,12(3):155-158.
5.陈蔚林.农药新剂型和助剂的研究开发概况[J].安徽化工,2002,1:4-6.
6.陈夏娇.福-腈菌可湿性粉剂的高效液相色谱分析[J].农药科学与管理,2003,24(7):6-8.
7.陈永兵,饶细丽,何紫萱.几种杀菌剂对番茄灰霉病的毒力及防效研究[J].江苏农业科学,2004(1):58-59.
8.程艳玲,刘庆顺.甲基立枯磷防治蔬菜立枯病应用技术研究[J].农家生活,2003(8):22-23.
9.董鹏,刘自友,朱凤霞等.呋·福种衣剂液相色谱分析方法探讨[J].山东化工,1999,22(3):37-38.
10.戴友志,史志行.液相色谱法测定40%甲福可湿性粉剂有效成分[J].湖南化工,1996,26(2):44-45.
11.范昆,王开运,柳宏方等.防治苜蓿立枯病有效药剂的筛选及药效评价[J].中国草地,2004,26(2):39-43.
12.方勇军.甲基立枯磷防治蔬菜立枯病和白绢病的药效[J].温州农业科技,1992(1):30-32.
13.方勇军,翁如洲.甲基立枯磷防治蔬菜土传病害试验简报[J].中国蔬菜,1993(6):35-36.
14.冯柏林.HPLC法定量分析20%克.福玉米种衣剂[J].化工标准化与质量监督,1998(11):22-24.
15.冯柏林.HPLC法定量分析30%克.多.福大豆种衣剂[J].农药,1999,38(1):22-24.
16.高必达,吴友三译.第五届国际植物病理学大会论文摘要集[C].沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,1991,330.
17.顾宝根主编.农药登记公告汇编[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2003,72.
18.顾钢,谢昌发.中国烟草土传病害的现状及其防治[C].中国植物保护学会第八届全国会员代表大会暨21世纪植物保护发展战略学术研讨会,2001,271-276.
19.郝永娟,王万立,刘耕春等.土壤添加剂防治作物土传病的研究进展[J].吉林农业大学学报,20:148.
20.候松嵋.混合制剂中福美双的液相色谱测定[C].中国化工学会农药专业委员会第九届年会,1998,647-649.
21.胡莲英.小白菜中甲基立枯磷残留分析[J].农药,1993,32(2):41,20.
22.华南农业大学主编.植物化学保护(第二版)[M].北京:农业出版社,1994,240.
23.花冬梅.土传病害探源及防治[J].北京农业,2003,3:29-30.
24.黄小清,王小平.甲·福·三对疫霉和白织病菌增效作用的测定[J].湖南农业科学.2001,4:59-60.
25.黄国洋主编.农药试验技术与评价方法[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000,30-31.
26.纪国仪,张炜.甲基立枯磷及其中间体2,6—二氯对甲酚的气相色谱分析[J].农药,1987,27(6):24-26.
27.季玉玲,孙美玲,陈齐斌.气相色谱法测定油菜、油菜籽和土壤中甲基立枯磷残留量[J].南京农业大学学报,1999,22(2):101-104.
28.贾凤聪,朱全铃.甲基立枯磷气相色谱分析方法的研究[J].农药,1987,27(3):32-33.
29.李波玲,袁仕雪,李万芬等.甲基立枯磷及中间体气相色谱分析[J].四川化工,1991(1):26-28.
30.李国平,孙绮丽.甲基硫菌灵、福美双混合制剂的分析方法研究[J].农药科学与管理,1998,(A05)增刊:7-8.
31.李南.土壤消毒的基本方法[J].农业科技与信息,2004,(2):36.
32.李琼芳,叶鹏盛,文巧.甲基立枯磷防治棉苗病害的效果[J].农药,1993,32(4):46-47.
33.李树正.农药生物测定方法及其问题[J].农药译丛,1990,12(5):48-51.
34.李淑芹.50%多·福·霉可湿性粉剂的液相色谱分析[J].天津化工,2003,17(3):48-49.
35.李文龙,童彦辉,尹跃民等.甲基立枯磷防治棉花苗病试验[J].农药,1992,31(1): 53-54.
36.李永红.土传病害的综合防治方法[J].蔬菜,2002,12:28.
37.廖文斌,杨玉梅.50%福.甲.稻可湿性粉剂的液相色谱分析[J].农药,2002,41(5):18-19.
38.刘步林主编.农药剂型加工技术(第二版)[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1998,301-342.
39.刘峰,慕卫,张文吉等.杀菌剂对水稻旱育秧立枯病的控制作用及其对秧苗的生理效应[J]_农药学学报,2004,6(2):37-42.
40.刘寿明.新农药甲基立枯磷防治油菜菌核病初报[J].湖南农业科学,1992(1):37-39.
41.刘铁斌,林举儒.恶霉灵与福美双等药剂混配对几种病原真菌的毒力测定[J].植物保护,1999,25(3):43-44.
42.刘西莉,李健强,张龙等.药剂对水稻立枯丝核菌的毒力及形态毒理作用[J].植物保护学报,2001,28(4):352-356.
43.刘西莉,房双龙.离体条件下水稻种衣剂对串珠镰刀菌生长及形态毒理影响[J].植物病理学报,2002,32(4):332-337.
44.刘学堂.甲基立枯磷防治苗病效果试验[J].江西棉花,1994(1):29.
45.刘振宇,季延平,吴玉柱等.药剂对两种草坪草病害病原菌的抑菌效果[J].农药,2002,41(9):29-31.
46.吕建军.24%甲·福可湿性粉种衣剂的液相色谱分析[J].农药,2000,39(8):16-17.
47.慕立义主编.植物化学保护研究方法[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1994,79-84.
48.农业部农药检定所生测室主编.农药田间药效试验准则[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2000,107-198.
49.欧阳本文,马存,陈其瑛.甲基立枯磷防治辣椒白绢病试验[J].湖南农业科学,1991(3):38-43.
50.任丽萍,张录达,田芹等.正交试验法探讨丁草胺在环境水体中的降解[J].农药,2004,43(6):263-265.
51.石志红,王燕桓,石志杰等.高效液相色谱法同时测定吡虫啉、多菌灵、福美双[C].中国化学会第七届分析化学年会暨原子光谱学术会议,2000,1047-1048.
52.孙美玲,马海军,徐浩等.甲基立枯磷在油菜中的残留动态研究[J].农药,2003, 42(9):24-25.
53.檀根甲,丁克坚,季伯衡.小麦纹枯病药剂防治技术[J].植物保护学报,1999,26(4):358-362.
54.谭成侠,沈德隆.粉.福(粉锈宁+福美双)悬浮剂配方的开发研究[J].农药,1998,37(5):12-15.
55.唐福军,毕洪梅.高效液相色谱法测定玉米种衣剂有效成份含量研究[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,2002,14(2):97-99.
56.唐慧敏,丁夏萍.45%福·甲霜可湿性粉剂的液相色谱分析[J].农药科学与管理,2002,23(4):16-18.
57.万迪秀.新的有机磷杀菌剂—甲基立枯磷[J].浙江化工,1988,19(1):12-14,17.
58.王成德,赵建成.蔬菜地土传病害及其防治技术[J].植物保护,1994,20(5):38-39.
59.王成菊,李常平,郑明奇等.植物生长调节剂与杀菌剂互作对棉花立枯病的影响[J].农药,2003,42(12):36-38.
60.王雪娟,魏金旺.多.福可湿性粉剂的液相色谱分析[J].农药科学与管理,1998,(A05):11-12.
61.王以燕,李国平.多菌灵.福美双复配种衣剂高效液相色谱分析[J].农药科学与管理,1997,18(1):6-7.
62.王振荣,李布青主编.农药商品大全[M].北京:中国商业出版社,1996,507.
63.魏方林,朱国念,孔小林.10%ZJ0712水悬浮剂的研制[J].农药,2004,43(7):300-302.
64.魏金旺,王雪娟.甲.福可湿性粉剂的高效液相色谱法[J].农药科学与管理,1998,(A05):40-41,46.
65.魏翔.RP—HPLC测定混配制剂中福美双和三唑酮的含量[J].安徽化工,2001,27(1):34-35.
66.文学,马存,陈其瑛等.甲基立枯磷防治棉花苗期病害[J].农药,1993,32(2):55-56.
67.吴慧芬,杨新明.甲基立枯磷防治蔬菜立枯病[J].农药,1989,28(2):58.
68.夏正俊.日本土传病害防治现状(下)[J].世界农业,1993,6:41-43.
69.杨俊柱.甲基立枯磷的液相色谱分析[J].安徽化工,2002,1:49-50.
70.于峰.高效液相色谱法测定甲基立枯磷[C].中国化工学会农药专业委员会第九届年会,1998,578-579.
71.于峰.甲基立枯磷的气相色谱分析[J].农药,1991,30(3):21-22.
72.俞幼芬.吡虫啉、拌种灵和福美双三元复配种衣剂分析方法研究[J].农药,2001,40(4):22.
73.袁辉杰,陈泮江,王洪海等.鲁中地区草坪病虫草害的发生与防治[J].农药,2002,41(11):20.
74.赵善欢主编.植物化学保护(第三版)[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2001,139.
75.张从字,高智谋,岳永德.常用杀菌剂及其复配剂对番茄灰霉病菌的毒力测定[J].农药,2003,42(8):28-29.
76.张国生,候广新,路军等.20%烯肟菌胺悬浮剂配方的研究[J].农药,2004,43(5):221-223。
77.张俊飞,吴孔明.福美双·甲基立枯磷悬浮种衣剂对棉花苗期病害的防效研究[J].安徽农学通报,2001,7(3):47-48.
78.张骞,叶钟音.甲基立枯磷对植物病原真菌和细菌的活性测定[J].农药学学报,2000,2(1):85-87.
79.张骞,周明国,叶钟音.植物病原真菌对甲基立枯磷的抗药性及风险研究[J].农药学学报,2000,2(2):22-28.
80.张一宾,张怿主编.农药[M].北京:中国物资出版社,1997,297.
81.仲苏林,宋健荣.20%威.福种衣剂的分析[J].农药,1998,37(7):20-21.
82.周立朴,仲兆清,刘滨疆等.温室土传病害及其防治技术的最新进展[J].现代化农业,2004,2:5-7.
83.周天录.蔬菜土传病害的防治[J].农家顾问,2003,8:40.
84.诸葛玉平,张玉龙.蔬菜保护地土传病害的预防[J].长江蔬菜,1999,9:17-18.
85. A. B. Anaso, P. D. Tyagi, A. M. Emechebe et al. Control of sorghum downy mildew (Peronosclerospora sorghi) of maize by seed treatment in Nigeria[J]. Crop Protection, 1989, 8(2): 82-85.
86. A. I. Kovacs. The effect of seed treatment with chlormequat on the control of barley leaf stripe, Drechslera graminea(Rabenh, et Schlecht.) Shoemaker, with fungicides[J]. Crop Protection, 1982, 1(3): 369-372.
87. A. J. Kuthubutheen and G. J. F. Pugh. The effects of fungicides on soil fungal populations[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1979, 11(3): 297-303.
88. A. J. Kuthubutheen. Effect of pesticides on the seed-borne fungi and fungal succession on rice in Malaysia[J]. Journal of Stored Products Research, 1984, 20(1): 31-39.
89. A. M. Litterick and M. P. McQuilken. Chemical control of binucleate Rhizoctonia during propagation of Calluna vulgaris in Scotland[J]. Crop Protection, 1997, 16(2): 173-178.
90. A. Marchi, A. Folchi, G. C. Pratella et al. In vitro relationship between dithiocarbamate residue and Stemphylium vesicarium infection on pear fruit[J]. Crop Protection, 1995, 14(4): 321-326.
91. A. S. Al-Beldawi, Affaf Jawad and H. M. Sheik-Raddy. Rhizoctonia see dling disease of hemp and its control[J]. Crop Protection, 1982, 1(1): 111-113.
92. A. V. Schoonhoven and W. V. Dam. Control of Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boh.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) with seed protectant fungicides[J]. Journal of Stored Products Research, 1982, 18(4): 143-146.
93. A. W. M. Huijbregts, P. D. Gijssel and W. Heijbroek. Fungicides and insecticides applied to pelleted sugar-beet seeds — I. Dose, distribution, stability and release patterns of active ingredients[J]. Crop Protection, 1995, 14(5): 355-362.
94. Binucleate. Rhizoctonia isolates control damping-off caused by Pythium ultimum var. Sporangiiferum, and promote growth, in Capsicum and Celosia seedlings in pasteurized potting medium[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1993, 25(7): 909-914.
95. C. Blasco, G. Font and Y. Pico. Determination of dithiocarbamates and metabolites in plants by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry[J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 2004, 1028(2, 5): 267-276.
96. C. Blasco, Y. Pico, J. Manes et al. Determination of fungicide residues in fruits and vegetables by liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry[J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 2002, 947(2): 227-235.
97. C. D. Green and T. Makin. Soil-borne transmission of cavity spot of carrots, grown in north Lincolnshire for processing[J]. Crop Protection, 1985, 4(3): 351-358.
98. C. M. Tu. Effect of fungicidal seed treatments on alfalfa growth and nodulation by Rhizobium melloti [J]. Chemosphere, 1981, 10(1): 127-134.
99. C. Mathieu, B. Herbreteau, M, Loose et al. Liquid chromatography and exchange reaction of a synthetic thiurams mixture[J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 1999, 402(1-2, 3): 87-90.
100. C. S. Rothrock. Effect of chemical and biological treatments on take-all of winter wheat [J]. Crop Protection, 1988, 7(1): 20-24.
101. D. P. Yeoman, D. H. Lapwood and J. McEwen. Effects of a range of fungicides used to control rust (Uromyces viciae-fabae) on spring-sown field beans (Vicia faba) in the UK[J]. Crop Protection, 1987, 6(2): 90-94.
102. Dale L. Nolte and James P. Barnett. A repellent to reduce mouse damage to longleaf pine seed[J]. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 2000, 45(3-4): 169-174.
103. Donald R. Sumner, Jack A. Lewis and Ronald D. Gitaitis. Chemical and biological control of Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 in snap bean double-cropped with eorn[J]. Crop Protection, 1992, 11(2):121-126.
104. E. Brand (?) teterova, J. Lehotay, O. Li (?) ka et al. High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of dimethyldithiocarbarnate residues in some agricultural products[J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 1986, 354:375-381.
105. E. Brandsteterova J. Lehotay, O. Liska et al. Application of high-performance liquid chromatography in the trace analysis of some fungicides[J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 1984, 286(23): 339-345.
106. E. GaUori, E. Casalone, C. M. Colella et al.1,8-Naphthalic anhydride antidote enhances the toxic effects of captan and thiram fungicides on Azospirillum brasilense cells et al. Research in Microbiology, 1991, 142(9): 1005-1012.
107. E. Moreno-Martinez, A. Rivera and M. Vaquez Badillo. Effect of fungi and fungicides on the preservation of wheat seed stored with high and low moisture content[J]. Journal of Stored Products Research, 1998, 34(4): 231-236.
108. E. R. Ingham.Review of the effects of 12 selected biocides on target and non-target soil organisms[J]. Crop Protection, 1985, 4(1): 3-32.
109. F. J. Locher, G. Lorenz and K. -J. Beetz. Resistance management strategies for dicarboximide fungicides in grapes: results of six years' trial work[J]. Crop Protection, 1987,6(3): 139-147.
110. G. C. Lewis. Improvements to newly sown ryegrass by use of combined fungicide and insecticide treatment[J]. Crop Protection, 1988, 7(1): 34-38.
111. H. R. Kataria and P. R. Verma. Rhizoctonia solani damping-off and root rot in oilseed rape and canola[J]. Crop Protection, 1992, 11(1): 8-13.
112. H. R. Kataria, H. Singh and U. Gisi. Interactions of fungicide-insecticide combinations against Rhizoctonia solani in vitro and in soil[J]. Crop Protection, 1989, 8(6): 399-404.
113. Helle Raun Andersen, Anne Marie Vinggaard, Thomas Hoj Rasmussen et al. Effects of Currently Used Pesticides in Assays for Estrogenicity, Androgenicity, and Aromatase Activity in Fitr[J].Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 2002, 179(1): 1-12
114. J. A. Dahlberg, G. L. Peterson, G N. Odvody et al. Inhibition of germination and sporulation of Claviceps africana from honeydew encrusted sorghum with seed treatment fungicides[J]. Crop Protection, 1999, 18(4): 235-238.
115. J. A. Lewis, R. D. Lumsden, P. D. Millner et al. Suppression of damping-off of peas and cotton in the field with composted sewage sludge[J]. Crop Protection, 1992, 11(3): 260-266.
116. J. C. Yeomans and J. M. Bremner. Denitrification in soil: Effects of insecticides and fungicides[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1985, V17(4): 453-456.
117. John R. Hodgson and Cheng-Chun Lee. Cytotoxicity studies on dithiocarbamate fungicides [J]. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 1977,40(1): 19-22.
118. L. N. Bhardwaj and S. M. Shrestha. Efficacy of fungicide application in the control of stem gall of coriander[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 1985, 13(3-4):319-323.
119. M. A. Hernandez-Olmos, L. Agui, P. Yanez-Sedeno et al. Pingarron. Analytical voltammetry in low-permitivity organic solvents using disk and cylindrical microelectrodes. Determination of thiram in ethyl acetate[J]. Electrochimica Acta,
2000, 46(2-3): 289-296.
120. M. J. Durrant, P. A. Payne, J. W. F. Prince et al. Thiram steep seed treatment to control Phoma betae and improve the establishment of the sugar-beet plant stand[J]. Crop Protection, 1988, 7(5): 319-326.
121. M. Wainwright and G. J. F. Pugh. Changes in the free amino acid content of soil following treatment with fungicides[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1975, 7(1):1-4.
122. [122]M. Wainwright and G. J. F. Pugh. The effect of three fungicides on nitrification and ammonification in soil[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1973, 5(5): 577-584.
123. N. E. Ahmed, H. O. Kanan, S. Inanaga, et al. Impact of pesticide seed treatments on aphid control and yield of wheat in the Sudan[J]. Crop Protection, 2001, 20(10): 929-934.
124. N. Lisker and Aliza Meiri. Control of Rhizoctonia solani damping-off in cotton by seed treatment with fungicides[J]. Crop Protection, 1992, 11(2): 155-159.
125. N. Lisker and Aliza Meiri. Control of Rhizoctonia solani damping-off in cotton by seed treatment with fungicides[J]. Crop Protection, 1992, 11(2): 155-159.
126. N. Lisker. Improving wheat seedling emergence by seed-protectant fungicides[J]. Crop Protection, 1990, 9(6): 439-445.
127. Olu Odeyemi and M. Alexander. Use of fungicide-resistant rhizobia for legume inoculation[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1977, 9(4): 247-251.
128. Otto Larink and Ralf Sommer. Influence of coated seeds on soil organisms tested with bait lamina[J]. European Journal of Soil Biology, 2002, 38(3-4): 287-290.
129. Peter Trutmann, K. B. Paul and David Cishabayo. Seed treatments increase yield of farmer varietal field bean mixtures in the central African highlands through multiple disease and beanfly control[J]. Crop Protection, 1992, 11(5): 458-464.
130. Pierre Leroux, Florence Chapel, Denis Desbrosses et al. Patterns of cross-resistance to fungicides in Botryotinia fuckeliana (Botrytis cinered) isolates from French vineyards.[J] Crop Protection, 1999, 18(10): 687-697.
131.R. J. Hillocks, R. Chinodya and R. Gunner. Evaluation of seed dressing and in-furrow treatments with fungicides for control of seedling disease in cotton caused
by Rhizoctonia solani[J] Crop Protection, 1988, 7(5): 309-313.
132. R. Perrin and C. Plenchette. Effect of some fungicides applied as soil drenches on the mycorrhizal infectivity of two cultivated soils and their receptiveness to Glomus intraradices[J]. Crop Protection, 1993, 12(2): 127-133.
133.R.J. Bushway. High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of carbaryl and 1-naphthol at residue levels in various water sources by direct injection and trace enrichment[J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 1981,211(1,26): 135-143.
134. Taizo Tsuda, Shigeru Aoki, Mihoko Kojima et al. Accumulation and excretion of pesticides used in golf courses by carp (Cyprinus carpio) and willow shiner (Gnathopogon caerulescens) [J]. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Comparative Pharmacology, 1992, 101(1): 63-66.
135. Toshinari Suzuki, Kumiko Yaguchi and Itsu Kano. Screening methods for asulam, oxine-copper and thiram in water by high-performance liquid chromatography after enrichment with a minicolumn[J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 1993, 643(1-2, 23): 173-179.
136. V. Sugavanam, K. Udaiyan and S. Manian. Effect of fungicides on vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal infection and nodulation in groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.)[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 1994, 48(3): 285-293.
137. Vaneet Kumar Sharma, J.S. Aulakh and A.K. Malik. Fourth derivative spectrophotometric determination of fungicide thiram (tetramethyldithiocarbamate) using sodium molybdate and its application[J]. Talanta, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 1 August 2004.
138. W. S. Washington, N. Shanmuganathan and C. Forbes. Fungicide control of strawberry fruit rots, and the field occurrence of resistance of Botrytis cinerea to iprodione, benomyl and dichlofluanid[J]. Crop Protection, 1992, 11(4): 355-360.
139. W. S. Washington, O. Villalta and M. Appleby. Control of pear scab with hydrated lime alone or in schedules with other fungicide sprays[J]. Crop Protection, 1998, 17(7): 569-580.
140. Weitang Song, Ligang Zhou, Chengzong Yang et al. Tomato Fusarium wilt and its chemical control strategies in a hydroponic system[J]. Crop Protection, 2004, 23(3):
243-247.
141. Y. Elad, B. Kirshner and Y. Gotlib. Attempts to control Bottytis cinerea on roses by pre- and postharvest treatments with biological and chemical agents[J]. Crop Protection, 1993, 12(1): 69-73
142. Y. Elad, Maria Lodovica Gullino, D. Shtienberg et al. Managing Bottytis cinerea on tomatoes in greenhouses in the Mediterranean[J]. Crop Protection, 1995, 14(2): 105-109.
143. Yong-Gang Zhao, Xiu-Wen Zheng, Zhi-Ying Huang et al. Voltammetric study on the complex of thiram-copper(II) and its application[J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2003, 482(1): 29-36.
2.陈丹,初丽伟.福美双混剂HPLC分析方法的研究[J].吉林农业大学学报,1999,21(3):101-103.
3.陈建明,俞晓平,吕仲贤等.除草剂和杀菌剂对稻飞虱及其天敌的影响[J].植物保护学报,1999,26(2):162-166.
4.陈建明,俞晓平,吕仲贤等.稻田常用杀菌剂对褐飞虱若虫的杀伤作用[J].中国水稻科学,1998,12(3):155-158.
5.陈蔚林.农药新剂型和助剂的研究开发概况[J].安徽化工,2002,1:4-6.
6.陈夏娇.福-腈菌可湿性粉剂的高效液相色谱分析[J].农药科学与管理,2003,24(7):6-8.
7.陈永兵,饶细丽,何紫萱.几种杀菌剂对番茄灰霉病的毒力及防效研究[J].江苏农业科学,2004(1):58-59.
8.程艳玲,刘庆顺.甲基立枯磷防治蔬菜立枯病应用技术研究[J].农家生活,2003(8):22-23.
9.董鹏,刘自友,朱凤霞等.呋·福种衣剂液相色谱分析方法探讨[J].山东化工,1999,22(3):37-38.
10.戴友志,史志行.液相色谱法测定40%甲福可湿性粉剂有效成分[J].湖南化工,1996,26(2):44-45.
11.范昆,王开运,柳宏方等.防治苜蓿立枯病有效药剂的筛选及药效评价[J].中国草地,2004,26(2):39-43.
12.方勇军.甲基立枯磷防治蔬菜立枯病和白绢病的药效[J].温州农业科技,1992(1):30-32.
13.方勇军,翁如洲.甲基立枯磷防治蔬菜土传病害试验简报[J].中国蔬菜,1993(6):35-36.
14.冯柏林.HPLC法定量分析20%克.福玉米种衣剂[J].化工标准化与质量监督,1998(11):22-24.
15.冯柏林.HPLC法定量分析30%克.多.福大豆种衣剂[J].农药,1999,38(1):22-24.
16.高必达,吴友三译.第五届国际植物病理学大会论文摘要集[C].沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,1991,330.
17.顾宝根主编.农药登记公告汇编[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2003,72.
18.顾钢,谢昌发.中国烟草土传病害的现状及其防治[C].中国植物保护学会第八届全国会员代表大会暨21世纪植物保护发展战略学术研讨会,2001,271-276.
19.郝永娟,王万立,刘耕春等.土壤添加剂防治作物土传病的研究进展[J].吉林农业大学学报,20:148.
20.候松嵋.混合制剂中福美双的液相色谱测定[C].中国化工学会农药专业委员会第九届年会,1998,647-649.
21.胡莲英.小白菜中甲基立枯磷残留分析[J].农药,1993,32(2):41,20.
22.华南农业大学主编.植物化学保护(第二版)[M].北京:农业出版社,1994,240.
23.花冬梅.土传病害探源及防治[J].北京农业,2003,3:29-30.
24.黄小清,王小平.甲·福·三对疫霉和白织病菌增效作用的测定[J].湖南农业科学.2001,4:59-60.
25.黄国洋主编.农药试验技术与评价方法[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000,30-31.
26.纪国仪,张炜.甲基立枯磷及其中间体2,6—二氯对甲酚的气相色谱分析[J].农药,1987,27(6):24-26.
27.季玉玲,孙美玲,陈齐斌.气相色谱法测定油菜、油菜籽和土壤中甲基立枯磷残留量[J].南京农业大学学报,1999,22(2):101-104.
28.贾凤聪,朱全铃.甲基立枯磷气相色谱分析方法的研究[J].农药,1987,27(3):32-33.
29.李波玲,袁仕雪,李万芬等.甲基立枯磷及中间体气相色谱分析[J].四川化工,1991(1):26-28.
30.李国平,孙绮丽.甲基硫菌灵、福美双混合制剂的分析方法研究[J].农药科学与管理,1998,(A05)增刊:7-8.
31.李南.土壤消毒的基本方法[J].农业科技与信息,2004,(2):36.
32.李琼芳,叶鹏盛,文巧.甲基立枯磷防治棉苗病害的效果[J].农药,1993,32(4):46-47.
33.李树正.农药生物测定方法及其问题[J].农药译丛,1990,12(5):48-51.
34.李淑芹.50%多·福·霉可湿性粉剂的液相色谱分析[J].天津化工,2003,17(3):48-49.
35.李文龙,童彦辉,尹跃民等.甲基立枯磷防治棉花苗病试验[J].农药,1992,31(1): 53-54.
36.李永红.土传病害的综合防治方法[J].蔬菜,2002,12:28.
37.廖文斌,杨玉梅.50%福.甲.稻可湿性粉剂的液相色谱分析[J].农药,2002,41(5):18-19.
38.刘步林主编.农药剂型加工技术(第二版)[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1998,301-342.
39.刘峰,慕卫,张文吉等.杀菌剂对水稻旱育秧立枯病的控制作用及其对秧苗的生理效应[J]_农药学学报,2004,6(2):37-42.
40.刘寿明.新农药甲基立枯磷防治油菜菌核病初报[J].湖南农业科学,1992(1):37-39.
41.刘铁斌,林举儒.恶霉灵与福美双等药剂混配对几种病原真菌的毒力测定[J].植物保护,1999,25(3):43-44.
42.刘西莉,李健强,张龙等.药剂对水稻立枯丝核菌的毒力及形态毒理作用[J].植物保护学报,2001,28(4):352-356.
43.刘西莉,房双龙.离体条件下水稻种衣剂对串珠镰刀菌生长及形态毒理影响[J].植物病理学报,2002,32(4):332-337.
44.刘学堂.甲基立枯磷防治苗病效果试验[J].江西棉花,1994(1):29.
45.刘振宇,季延平,吴玉柱等.药剂对两种草坪草病害病原菌的抑菌效果[J].农药,2002,41(9):29-31.
46.吕建军.24%甲·福可湿性粉种衣剂的液相色谱分析[J].农药,2000,39(8):16-17.
47.慕立义主编.植物化学保护研究方法[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1994,79-84.
48.农业部农药检定所生测室主编.农药田间药效试验准则[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2000,107-198.
49.欧阳本文,马存,陈其瑛.甲基立枯磷防治辣椒白绢病试验[J].湖南农业科学,1991(3):38-43.
50.任丽萍,张录达,田芹等.正交试验法探讨丁草胺在环境水体中的降解[J].农药,2004,43(6):263-265.
51.石志红,王燕桓,石志杰等.高效液相色谱法同时测定吡虫啉、多菌灵、福美双[C].中国化学会第七届分析化学年会暨原子光谱学术会议,2000,1047-1048.
52.孙美玲,马海军,徐浩等.甲基立枯磷在油菜中的残留动态研究[J].农药,2003, 42(9):24-25.
53.檀根甲,丁克坚,季伯衡.小麦纹枯病药剂防治技术[J].植物保护学报,1999,26(4):358-362.
54.谭成侠,沈德隆.粉.福(粉锈宁+福美双)悬浮剂配方的开发研究[J].农药,1998,37(5):12-15.
55.唐福军,毕洪梅.高效液相色谱法测定玉米种衣剂有效成份含量研究[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,2002,14(2):97-99.
56.唐慧敏,丁夏萍.45%福·甲霜可湿性粉剂的液相色谱分析[J].农药科学与管理,2002,23(4):16-18.
57.万迪秀.新的有机磷杀菌剂—甲基立枯磷[J].浙江化工,1988,19(1):12-14,17.
58.王成德,赵建成.蔬菜地土传病害及其防治技术[J].植物保护,1994,20(5):38-39.
59.王成菊,李常平,郑明奇等.植物生长调节剂与杀菌剂互作对棉花立枯病的影响[J].农药,2003,42(12):36-38.
60.王雪娟,魏金旺.多.福可湿性粉剂的液相色谱分析[J].农药科学与管理,1998,(A05):11-12.
61.王以燕,李国平.多菌灵.福美双复配种衣剂高效液相色谱分析[J].农药科学与管理,1997,18(1):6-7.
62.王振荣,李布青主编.农药商品大全[M].北京:中国商业出版社,1996,507.
63.魏方林,朱国念,孔小林.10%ZJ0712水悬浮剂的研制[J].农药,2004,43(7):300-302.
64.魏金旺,王雪娟.甲.福可湿性粉剂的高效液相色谱法[J].农药科学与管理,1998,(A05):40-41,46.
65.魏翔.RP—HPLC测定混配制剂中福美双和三唑酮的含量[J].安徽化工,2001,27(1):34-35.
66.文学,马存,陈其瑛等.甲基立枯磷防治棉花苗期病害[J].农药,1993,32(2):55-56.
67.吴慧芬,杨新明.甲基立枯磷防治蔬菜立枯病[J].农药,1989,28(2):58.
68.夏正俊.日本土传病害防治现状(下)[J].世界农业,1993,6:41-43.
69.杨俊柱.甲基立枯磷的液相色谱分析[J].安徽化工,2002,1:49-50.
70.于峰.高效液相色谱法测定甲基立枯磷[C].中国化工学会农药专业委员会第九届年会,1998,578-579.
71.于峰.甲基立枯磷的气相色谱分析[J].农药,1991,30(3):21-22.
72.俞幼芬.吡虫啉、拌种灵和福美双三元复配种衣剂分析方法研究[J].农药,2001,40(4):22.
73.袁辉杰,陈泮江,王洪海等.鲁中地区草坪病虫草害的发生与防治[J].农药,2002,41(11):20.
74.赵善欢主编.植物化学保护(第三版)[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2001,139.
75.张从字,高智谋,岳永德.常用杀菌剂及其复配剂对番茄灰霉病菌的毒力测定[J].农药,2003,42(8):28-29.
76.张国生,候广新,路军等.20%烯肟菌胺悬浮剂配方的研究[J].农药,2004,43(5):221-223。
77.张俊飞,吴孔明.福美双·甲基立枯磷悬浮种衣剂对棉花苗期病害的防效研究[J].安徽农学通报,2001,7(3):47-48.
78.张骞,叶钟音.甲基立枯磷对植物病原真菌和细菌的活性测定[J].农药学学报,2000,2(1):85-87.
79.张骞,周明国,叶钟音.植物病原真菌对甲基立枯磷的抗药性及风险研究[J].农药学学报,2000,2(2):22-28.
80.张一宾,张怿主编.农药[M].北京:中国物资出版社,1997,297.
81.仲苏林,宋健荣.20%威.福种衣剂的分析[J].农药,1998,37(7):20-21.
82.周立朴,仲兆清,刘滨疆等.温室土传病害及其防治技术的最新进展[J].现代化农业,2004,2:5-7.
83.周天录.蔬菜土传病害的防治[J].农家顾问,2003,8:40.
84.诸葛玉平,张玉龙.蔬菜保护地土传病害的预防[J].长江蔬菜,1999,9:17-18.
85. A. B. Anaso, P. D. Tyagi, A. M. Emechebe et al. Control of sorghum downy mildew (Peronosclerospora sorghi) of maize by seed treatment in Nigeria[J]. Crop Protection, 1989, 8(2): 82-85.
86. A. I. Kovacs. The effect of seed treatment with chlormequat on the control of barley leaf stripe, Drechslera graminea(Rabenh, et Schlecht.) Shoemaker, with fungicides[J]. Crop Protection, 1982, 1(3): 369-372.
87. A. J. Kuthubutheen and G. J. F. Pugh. The effects of fungicides on soil fungal populations[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1979, 11(3): 297-303.
88. A. J. Kuthubutheen. Effect of pesticides on the seed-borne fungi and fungal succession on rice in Malaysia[J]. Journal of Stored Products Research, 1984, 20(1): 31-39.
89. A. M. Litterick and M. P. McQuilken. Chemical control of binucleate Rhizoctonia during propagation of Calluna vulgaris in Scotland[J]. Crop Protection, 1997, 16(2): 173-178.
90. A. Marchi, A. Folchi, G. C. Pratella et al. In vitro relationship between dithiocarbamate residue and Stemphylium vesicarium infection on pear fruit[J]. Crop Protection, 1995, 14(4): 321-326.
91. A. S. Al-Beldawi, Affaf Jawad and H. M. Sheik-Raddy. Rhizoctonia see dling disease of hemp and its control[J]. Crop Protection, 1982, 1(1): 111-113.
92. A. V. Schoonhoven and W. V. Dam. Control of Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boh.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) with seed protectant fungicides[J]. Journal of Stored Products Research, 1982, 18(4): 143-146.
93. A. W. M. Huijbregts, P. D. Gijssel and W. Heijbroek. Fungicides and insecticides applied to pelleted sugar-beet seeds — I. Dose, distribution, stability and release patterns of active ingredients[J]. Crop Protection, 1995, 14(5): 355-362.
94. Binucleate. Rhizoctonia isolates control damping-off caused by Pythium ultimum var. Sporangiiferum, and promote growth, in Capsicum and Celosia seedlings in pasteurized potting medium[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1993, 25(7): 909-914.
95. C. Blasco, G. Font and Y. Pico. Determination of dithiocarbamates and metabolites in plants by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry[J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 2004, 1028(2, 5): 267-276.
96. C. Blasco, Y. Pico, J. Manes et al. Determination of fungicide residues in fruits and vegetables by liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry[J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 2002, 947(2): 227-235.
97. C. D. Green and T. Makin. Soil-borne transmission of cavity spot of carrots, grown in north Lincolnshire for processing[J]. Crop Protection, 1985, 4(3): 351-358.
98. C. M. Tu. Effect of fungicidal seed treatments on alfalfa growth and nodulation by Rhizobium melloti [J]. Chemosphere, 1981, 10(1): 127-134.
99. C. Mathieu, B. Herbreteau, M, Loose et al. Liquid chromatography and exchange reaction of a synthetic thiurams mixture[J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 1999, 402(1-2, 3): 87-90.
100. C. S. Rothrock. Effect of chemical and biological treatments on take-all of winter wheat [J]. Crop Protection, 1988, 7(1): 20-24.
101. D. P. Yeoman, D. H. Lapwood and J. McEwen. Effects of a range of fungicides used to control rust (Uromyces viciae-fabae) on spring-sown field beans (Vicia faba) in the UK[J]. Crop Protection, 1987, 6(2): 90-94.
102. Dale L. Nolte and James P. Barnett. A repellent to reduce mouse damage to longleaf pine seed[J]. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 2000, 45(3-4): 169-174.
103. Donald R. Sumner, Jack A. Lewis and Ronald D. Gitaitis. Chemical and biological control of Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 in snap bean double-cropped with eorn[J]. Crop Protection, 1992, 11(2):121-126.
104. E. Brand (?) teterova, J. Lehotay, O. Li (?) ka et al. High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of dimethyldithiocarbarnate residues in some agricultural products[J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 1986, 354:375-381.
105. E. Brandsteterova J. Lehotay, O. Liska et al. Application of high-performance liquid chromatography in the trace analysis of some fungicides[J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 1984, 286(23): 339-345.
106. E. GaUori, E. Casalone, C. M. Colella et al.1,8-Naphthalic anhydride antidote enhances the toxic effects of captan and thiram fungicides on Azospirillum brasilense cells et al. Research in Microbiology, 1991, 142(9): 1005-1012.
107. E. Moreno-Martinez, A. Rivera and M. Vaquez Badillo. Effect of fungi and fungicides on the preservation of wheat seed stored with high and low moisture content[J]. Journal of Stored Products Research, 1998, 34(4): 231-236.
108. E. R. Ingham.Review of the effects of 12 selected biocides on target and non-target soil organisms[J]. Crop Protection, 1985, 4(1): 3-32.
109. F. J. Locher, G. Lorenz and K. -J. Beetz. Resistance management strategies for dicarboximide fungicides in grapes: results of six years' trial work[J]. Crop Protection, 1987,6(3): 139-147.
110. G. C. Lewis. Improvements to newly sown ryegrass by use of combined fungicide and insecticide treatment[J]. Crop Protection, 1988, 7(1): 34-38.
111. H. R. Kataria and P. R. Verma. Rhizoctonia solani damping-off and root rot in oilseed rape and canola[J]. Crop Protection, 1992, 11(1): 8-13.
112. H. R. Kataria, H. Singh and U. Gisi. Interactions of fungicide-insecticide combinations against Rhizoctonia solani in vitro and in soil[J]. Crop Protection, 1989, 8(6): 399-404.
113. Helle Raun Andersen, Anne Marie Vinggaard, Thomas Hoj Rasmussen et al. Effects of Currently Used Pesticides in Assays for Estrogenicity, Androgenicity, and Aromatase Activity in Fitr[J].Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 2002, 179(1): 1-12
114. J. A. Dahlberg, G. L. Peterson, G N. Odvody et al. Inhibition of germination and sporulation of Claviceps africana from honeydew encrusted sorghum with seed treatment fungicides[J]. Crop Protection, 1999, 18(4): 235-238.
115. J. A. Lewis, R. D. Lumsden, P. D. Millner et al. Suppression of damping-off of peas and cotton in the field with composted sewage sludge[J]. Crop Protection, 1992, 11(3): 260-266.
116. J. C. Yeomans and J. M. Bremner. Denitrification in soil: Effects of insecticides and fungicides[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1985, V17(4): 453-456.
117. John R. Hodgson and Cheng-Chun Lee. Cytotoxicity studies on dithiocarbamate fungicides [J]. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 1977,40(1): 19-22.
118. L. N. Bhardwaj and S. M. Shrestha. Efficacy of fungicide application in the control of stem gall of coriander[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 1985, 13(3-4):319-323.
119. M. A. Hernandez-Olmos, L. Agui, P. Yanez-Sedeno et al. Pingarron. Analytical voltammetry in low-permitivity organic solvents using disk and cylindrical microelectrodes. Determination of thiram in ethyl acetate[J]. Electrochimica Acta,
2000, 46(2-3): 289-296.
120. M. J. Durrant, P. A. Payne, J. W. F. Prince et al. Thiram steep seed treatment to control Phoma betae and improve the establishment of the sugar-beet plant stand[J]. Crop Protection, 1988, 7(5): 319-326.
121. M. Wainwright and G. J. F. Pugh. Changes in the free amino acid content of soil following treatment with fungicides[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1975, 7(1):1-4.
122. [122]M. Wainwright and G. J. F. Pugh. The effect of three fungicides on nitrification and ammonification in soil[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1973, 5(5): 577-584.
123. N. E. Ahmed, H. O. Kanan, S. Inanaga, et al. Impact of pesticide seed treatments on aphid control and yield of wheat in the Sudan[J]. Crop Protection, 2001, 20(10): 929-934.
124. N. Lisker and Aliza Meiri. Control of Rhizoctonia solani damping-off in cotton by seed treatment with fungicides[J]. Crop Protection, 1992, 11(2): 155-159.
125. N. Lisker and Aliza Meiri. Control of Rhizoctonia solani damping-off in cotton by seed treatment with fungicides[J]. Crop Protection, 1992, 11(2): 155-159.
126. N. Lisker. Improving wheat seedling emergence by seed-protectant fungicides[J]. Crop Protection, 1990, 9(6): 439-445.
127. Olu Odeyemi and M. Alexander. Use of fungicide-resistant rhizobia for legume inoculation[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1977, 9(4): 247-251.
128. Otto Larink and Ralf Sommer. Influence of coated seeds on soil organisms tested with bait lamina[J]. European Journal of Soil Biology, 2002, 38(3-4): 287-290.
129. Peter Trutmann, K. B. Paul and David Cishabayo. Seed treatments increase yield of farmer varietal field bean mixtures in the central African highlands through multiple disease and beanfly control[J]. Crop Protection, 1992, 11(5): 458-464.
130. Pierre Leroux, Florence Chapel, Denis Desbrosses et al. Patterns of cross-resistance to fungicides in Botryotinia fuckeliana (Botrytis cinered) isolates from French vineyards.[J] Crop Protection, 1999, 18(10): 687-697.
131.R. J. Hillocks, R. Chinodya and R. Gunner. Evaluation of seed dressing and in-furrow treatments with fungicides for control of seedling disease in cotton caused
by Rhizoctonia solani[J] Crop Protection, 1988, 7(5): 309-313.
132. R. Perrin and C. Plenchette. Effect of some fungicides applied as soil drenches on the mycorrhizal infectivity of two cultivated soils and their receptiveness to Glomus intraradices[J]. Crop Protection, 1993, 12(2): 127-133.
133.R.J. Bushway. High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of carbaryl and 1-naphthol at residue levels in various water sources by direct injection and trace enrichment[J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 1981,211(1,26): 135-143.
134. Taizo Tsuda, Shigeru Aoki, Mihoko Kojima et al. Accumulation and excretion of pesticides used in golf courses by carp (Cyprinus carpio) and willow shiner (Gnathopogon caerulescens) [J]. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Comparative Pharmacology, 1992, 101(1): 63-66.
135. Toshinari Suzuki, Kumiko Yaguchi and Itsu Kano. Screening methods for asulam, oxine-copper and thiram in water by high-performance liquid chromatography after enrichment with a minicolumn[J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 1993, 643(1-2, 23): 173-179.
136. V. Sugavanam, K. Udaiyan and S. Manian. Effect of fungicides on vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal infection and nodulation in groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.)[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 1994, 48(3): 285-293.
137. Vaneet Kumar Sharma, J.S. Aulakh and A.K. Malik. Fourth derivative spectrophotometric determination of fungicide thiram (tetramethyldithiocarbamate) using sodium molybdate and its application[J]. Talanta, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 1 August 2004.
138. W. S. Washington, N. Shanmuganathan and C. Forbes. Fungicide control of strawberry fruit rots, and the field occurrence of resistance of Botrytis cinerea to iprodione, benomyl and dichlofluanid[J]. Crop Protection, 1992, 11(4): 355-360.
139. W. S. Washington, O. Villalta and M. Appleby. Control of pear scab with hydrated lime alone or in schedules with other fungicide sprays[J]. Crop Protection, 1998, 17(7): 569-580.
140. Weitang Song, Ligang Zhou, Chengzong Yang et al. Tomato Fusarium wilt and its chemical control strategies in a hydroponic system[J]. Crop Protection, 2004, 23(3):
243-247.
141. Y. Elad, B. Kirshner and Y. Gotlib. Attempts to control Bottytis cinerea on roses by pre- and postharvest treatments with biological and chemical agents[J]. Crop Protection, 1993, 12(1): 69-73
142. Y. Elad, Maria Lodovica Gullino, D. Shtienberg et al. Managing Bottytis cinerea on tomatoes in greenhouses in the Mediterranean[J]. Crop Protection, 1995, 14(2): 105-109.
143. Yong-Gang Zhao, Xiu-Wen Zheng, Zhi-Ying Huang et al. Voltammetric study on the complex of thiram-copper(II) and its application[J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2003, 482(1): 29-36.