流体机械振动信号数据管理与分析系统的设计与实现
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摘要
流体机械是现代工业中重大的关键设备。机组振动涉及到机组的设计、制造、安装以及运行,长期以来形成了自己独特的技术领域。振动是机组运行中最常见的主要故障之一,严重时会形成振动事故。
本文介绍了课题研究背景,振动监测与诊断技术的国内外研究状况。讨论了机械振动理论与工程信号分析,其中包括机械振动的基本概念和表示方法,振动信号的离散化,信号的预处理,泄露与窗函数以及信号分析常用方法。
在此基础上,以Inprise公司的C++ Builder为开发工具,以微软公司的关系数据库MS Access为基础,运用ADO(ActiveX Data Objects)技术,设计了一套流体机械振动信号数据管理与分析系统。对整个系统的设计思路、设计方案、软件实现、关键技术等进行了详细论述。系统软件具有历史数据管理与信号分析功能。历史数据管理中建立相应的数据库,采用机组——测点——数据三级数据库结构,振动数据从二进制文件中读取,通过组态表的设计,实现了对机组信息表、测点信息表和数据表的添加、删除、查询等功能。系统的信号分析功能包括分析前的加窗处理及常用的时域与频域分析。加窗处理中提供三种窗函数,即矩形窗、汉宁窗和海明窗,时域分析包括时域波形分析、自相关分析、互相关分析,频域分析包括幅值谱分析、相位谱分析、功率谱分析、倒频谱分析以及包络分析等。
系统在尽可能少的占用内存资源的情况下,通过C++ Builder提供的Blob字段流,实现了对不定长的大容量连续波形数据读写的方案。本系统采用的组态管理,组态项可方便的实现添加、删除等功能,大大地提高了现场工作人员的工作效率。
通过各种信号测试试验,结果表明该系统运行稳定,操作简便,实现了各项功能,查询快速,数据分析结果准确,达到了预期设计目的。
The fluid machinery is the key equipment in the modern industrial. The vibration of the unit involves in the design, manufacture, installation and operation, and it forms its own unique technical fields. Vibration is one of the main faults in the unit operation, and it will form serious vibration accident.
This paper introduces the research background, the present developing status and the trend of the vibration monitoring and diagnosis technology. This article discusses the theory of machinery vibration and signal analysis, including the basic concepts and methods of the mechanical vibration, the discretization of the vibration signal, the methods of signal pretreatment, leakage and window function and the methods of the signal analysis.
This paper designs a vibration signal management and analyzing system for fluid machine based on Inprise C++ Builder. It adopts MS Access database and uses ADO technology. This paper discusses the design ideas, design scheme, the realization of software and the pivotal technique in detail. It realizes the functions of history data management and signal analysis. It adopts the structure of machine, point and data. The vibration data is reading from file. It realizes the functions of adding, deleting and querying data by using configuration table. The system provides rectangle window, Hanning window and Hamming window. The functions of the signal time field analysis include waveform analysis, the auto correlation analysis and the cross correlation analysis. The functions of the frequency field analysis include the amplitude spectrum analysis, the phase spectrum analysis, the auto power spectrum analysis, the cepstrum analysis and the envelope analysis.
It realizes the function of reading and writing the long wave data by using the Blob field of C++ Builder, adding and deleting data expediently by using configuration table. So it increases the efficiency of the workers remarkably.
The results of various testing experiments show that the system is stable, the operation is simple, it realizes the various functions, inquiry is rapid, data analysis results are accurate and the expected targets have been reached.
本文介绍了课题研究背景,振动监测与诊断技术的国内外研究状况。讨论了机械振动理论与工程信号分析,其中包括机械振动的基本概念和表示方法,振动信号的离散化,信号的预处理,泄露与窗函数以及信号分析常用方法。
在此基础上,以Inprise公司的C++ Builder为开发工具,以微软公司的关系数据库MS Access为基础,运用ADO(ActiveX Data Objects)技术,设计了一套流体机械振动信号数据管理与分析系统。对整个系统的设计思路、设计方案、软件实现、关键技术等进行了详细论述。系统软件具有历史数据管理与信号分析功能。历史数据管理中建立相应的数据库,采用机组——测点——数据三级数据库结构,振动数据从二进制文件中读取,通过组态表的设计,实现了对机组信息表、测点信息表和数据表的添加、删除、查询等功能。系统的信号分析功能包括分析前的加窗处理及常用的时域与频域分析。加窗处理中提供三种窗函数,即矩形窗、汉宁窗和海明窗,时域分析包括时域波形分析、自相关分析、互相关分析,频域分析包括幅值谱分析、相位谱分析、功率谱分析、倒频谱分析以及包络分析等。
系统在尽可能少的占用内存资源的情况下,通过C++ Builder提供的Blob字段流,实现了对不定长的大容量连续波形数据读写的方案。本系统采用的组态管理,组态项可方便的实现添加、删除等功能,大大地提高了现场工作人员的工作效率。
通过各种信号测试试验,结果表明该系统运行稳定,操作简便,实现了各项功能,查询快速,数据分析结果准确,达到了预期设计目的。
The fluid machinery is the key equipment in the modern industrial. The vibration of the unit involves in the design, manufacture, installation and operation, and it forms its own unique technical fields. Vibration is one of the main faults in the unit operation, and it will form serious vibration accident.
This paper introduces the research background, the present developing status and the trend of the vibration monitoring and diagnosis technology. This article discusses the theory of machinery vibration and signal analysis, including the basic concepts and methods of the mechanical vibration, the discretization of the vibration signal, the methods of signal pretreatment, leakage and window function and the methods of the signal analysis.
This paper designs a vibration signal management and analyzing system for fluid machine based on Inprise C++ Builder. It adopts MS Access database and uses ADO technology. This paper discusses the design ideas, design scheme, the realization of software and the pivotal technique in detail. It realizes the functions of history data management and signal analysis. It adopts the structure of machine, point and data. The vibration data is reading from file. It realizes the functions of adding, deleting and querying data by using configuration table. The system provides rectangle window, Hanning window and Hamming window. The functions of the signal time field analysis include waveform analysis, the auto correlation analysis and the cross correlation analysis. The functions of the frequency field analysis include the amplitude spectrum analysis, the phase spectrum analysis, the auto power spectrum analysis, the cepstrum analysis and the envelope analysis.
It realizes the function of reading and writing the long wave data by using the Blob field of C++ Builder, adding and deleting data expediently by using configuration table. So it increases the efficiency of the workers remarkably.
The results of various testing experiments show that the system is stable, the operation is simple, it realizes the various functions, inquiry is rapid, data analysis results are accurate and the expected targets have been reached.
引文
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[2]钟秉林,黄仁.机械故障诊断学.机械工业出版社[M].1998.Page 15-33
[3]韩捷,张瑞林.旋转机械故障机理及诊断技术[M] .机械工业出版社.1997.Page 7-22
[4]盛兆顺,尹琦岭.设备状态监测与故障诊断技术及其应用[M].化学工业出版社.2003
[5]殷福亮,宋爱军.数字信号处理C语言程序集[M] .辽宁科学技术出版社.1998
[6]胡广书.数字信号处理——理论算法与实现[M] .清华大学出版社.1997
[7]刘光.C++ Builder程序设计导学[M].清华大学出版社.2000
[8]李智慧.C++ Builder 4.0从入门到精通[M].清华大学出版社.1999
[9]杨宗志.C++ Builder数据库程序设计[M].清华大学出版社.1999
[10]魏俊鹏,于秋生.C++ Builder6.0使用编程[M].中国铁道出版社.2004
[11]Michael Alexander著,梁普选,刘玉芬译.Access数据分析宝典[M].电子工业出版社.2006
[12]郑存红,胡荣强,赵瑞峰.用Visual C++实现实时数据采集[J].计算机应用与研究.2002.4. 103-105
[13]徐小力,梁福平,许宝杰等.旋转机械状态监测及预测技术的发展与研究[J].北京机械工业学院学报,1999(4).
[14]黄俊清.汽轮机振动信号测量中的误差分析[J].广东电力,2003(2)
[15]王延博.大型汽轮发电机组TSI/TDM系统振动测点配置基本原则研究[J].汽轮机技术,2004,46(3)
[16]张相洲,郑万威,张攀登.某电厂360 MW汽轮机组振动浅析[J].水利电力机械,2007,29(12)
[17]P.W.Hills.Vibration-based Condition Monitoring-the Learning Issue.Insight.1996.38(8).
[18]张庆华,韩吉韬.振动信号连续采集实时分析和实现方法[J].测控技术.2003.22(3) 22-23.
[19]Gerald Schickhuber , Oliver McCarthy . Distributed field bus and control network systems.Computing&Control Engineering Journal.1997.8.
[20]S J.Rothberg and N A Halliwell.Vibration Measurements on Rotating Machinery Using Laser Doppler Velocimeter.Trans ANSE of Vibration and Acoustics.1994.116(3)
[21]Erkki Jantunen . Proceeding of International Congress on Condition Monitoring andDiagnosic Engineering Management.1997.6
[22]祝亮,吴羡.电涡流传感器系统在旋转机械状态监测中的应用[J].林业机械与木工设备.2001.29(11). 23-25
[23]Reza S.Raji.Smart networks for control.IEEE6.1994
[24]Thorsen O.Dalva M.Methods of condition monitoring and fault diagnosis for induction motors[J] .European Trans on Electrical Power.1998.8(5). 383-395
[25]Ranv-Massuyes,L.Milne R .Gas-turbine condition monitoring using qualitative model-based diagnosis[J] .IEEE Expert.1997. 22-31
[26]Sekhar A,Prabhu B . Condition monitoring of cracked rotors through transient response[J] .Mech Mach Thoery.1998.33(8). 1167-1175
[27]Harry Furness.Digital communications provides.Control engeering.1994.1
[28]Jeremy Jones.Why wait for field bus.C&I.4.1992
[29]钱能.C++程序设计教程.清华大学出版社.1999.4.232-257
[30]Isermann . Fault Diagnosis of Machines via Parameter Estimation and Knowledge Processing-Tutorial Paper.Automatica. 1993.29(8)
[2]钟秉林,黄仁.机械故障诊断学.机械工业出版社[M].1998.Page 15-33
[3]韩捷,张瑞林.旋转机械故障机理及诊断技术[M] .机械工业出版社.1997.Page 7-22
[4]盛兆顺,尹琦岭.设备状态监测与故障诊断技术及其应用[M].化学工业出版社.2003
[5]殷福亮,宋爱军.数字信号处理C语言程序集[M] .辽宁科学技术出版社.1998
[6]胡广书.数字信号处理——理论算法与实现[M] .清华大学出版社.1997
[7]刘光.C++ Builder程序设计导学[M].清华大学出版社.2000
[8]李智慧.C++ Builder 4.0从入门到精通[M].清华大学出版社.1999
[9]杨宗志.C++ Builder数据库程序设计[M].清华大学出版社.1999
[10]魏俊鹏,于秋生.C++ Builder6.0使用编程[M].中国铁道出版社.2004
[11]Michael Alexander著,梁普选,刘玉芬译.Access数据分析宝典[M].电子工业出版社.2006
[12]郑存红,胡荣强,赵瑞峰.用Visual C++实现实时数据采集[J].计算机应用与研究.2002.4. 103-105
[13]徐小力,梁福平,许宝杰等.旋转机械状态监测及预测技术的发展与研究[J].北京机械工业学院学报,1999(4).
[14]黄俊清.汽轮机振动信号测量中的误差分析[J].广东电力,2003(2)
[15]王延博.大型汽轮发电机组TSI/TDM系统振动测点配置基本原则研究[J].汽轮机技术,2004,46(3)
[16]张相洲,郑万威,张攀登.某电厂360 MW汽轮机组振动浅析[J].水利电力机械,2007,29(12)
[17]P.W.Hills.Vibration-based Condition Monitoring-the Learning Issue.Insight.1996.38(8).
[18]张庆华,韩吉韬.振动信号连续采集实时分析和实现方法[J].测控技术.2003.22(3) 22-23.
[19]Gerald Schickhuber , Oliver McCarthy . Distributed field bus and control network systems.Computing&Control Engineering Journal.1997.8.
[20]S J.Rothberg and N A Halliwell.Vibration Measurements on Rotating Machinery Using Laser Doppler Velocimeter.Trans ANSE of Vibration and Acoustics.1994.116(3)
[21]Erkki Jantunen . Proceeding of International Congress on Condition Monitoring andDiagnosic Engineering Management.1997.6
[22]祝亮,吴羡.电涡流传感器系统在旋转机械状态监测中的应用[J].林业机械与木工设备.2001.29(11). 23-25
[23]Reza S.Raji.Smart networks for control.IEEE6.1994
[24]Thorsen O.Dalva M.Methods of condition monitoring and fault diagnosis for induction motors[J] .European Trans on Electrical Power.1998.8(5). 383-395
[25]Ranv-Massuyes,L.Milne R .Gas-turbine condition monitoring using qualitative model-based diagnosis[J] .IEEE Expert.1997. 22-31
[26]Sekhar A,Prabhu B . Condition monitoring of cracked rotors through transient response[J] .Mech Mach Thoery.1998.33(8). 1167-1175
[27]Harry Furness.Digital communications provides.Control engeering.1994.1
[28]Jeremy Jones.Why wait for field bus.C&I.4.1992
[29]钱能.C++程序设计教程.清华大学出版社.1999.4.232-257
[30]Isermann . Fault Diagnosis of Machines via Parameter Estimation and Knowledge Processing-Tutorial Paper.Automatica. 1993.29(8)