基于断层图象三维重建的体视化技术研究与应用
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摘要
体视化是科学可视化的一个重要组成部分,它是在吸收计算机图形学、
    计算机视觉和计算机图象处理等学科有关知识的基础上发展起来的。而这三
    方面的内容又是计算机应用方面非常重要的分支,因其涉及的内容较深,理
    论性强,算法多,因此,它常被视为代表计算机专业应用的水平。国际上对
    体视化的研究与应用如火如茶,我国在这一领域的研究工作起步较晚。本论
    文在断层图象三维重构方面做了系统地阐述和探讨,主要论述了将一系列二
    维CT扫描图象经过旋转、平移、滤波、插值、锐化等处理后,提取不同物体
    的边界数据,形成三维体数据,实现物体三维重建,并实现对体数据进行显
    示、平移、旋转、缩放、投影等功能,根据软件编程实现这些功能的基础上,
    对三维体视化处理的各种算法进行总结。
     断层影象三维重建的实现方法,主要围绕图象处理、图形变换、实现三
    维立体还原的方法及图象压缩等方面展开探讨。在图象处理方面,论述了断
    层图象中定位点提取、图象几何变换、靶区边界提取、图象纵横方向的剖面
    显示、图象的平滑、图象的锐化、边缘检测与边缘提取等算法;在图形变换
    方面,讨论了二维图形的几何变换(平移、旋转、缩放),平面数据三维化、
    立体模型的创建、三维图形的几何变换、曲线拟合、隐藏线和隐藏面的处理、
    着色处理等算法及其实现原理;并且介绍了用OpenGL开发实现断层图象三维
    重建系统的设计思想,包括用OpenGL实现坐标变换、立体建模、用OpenGL
    实现立体旋转、投影等功能;还介绍了将图象BMP文件压缩为JPEG文件的方
    法,其中包括色彩模型原理、DCT(离散余弦变换)、Zig-Zag变换、量化、
    AC编码、DC编码、采样系数、JPG文件的解码等实现原理。
     目前,国内各医院对肿瘤病人的化疗方法各不相同,资金雄厚的医院采
    用进口软件进行设计;大多数医院应用国产软件,这些软件厂家主要有北京
    大恒公司,深圳的威达医疗公司,而这两家的软件在医生进行治疗方案设计
    时,是在图象平面上进行射野,但不能在全方位立体显示模式下进行放射和
    计量的设计,造成关键部位不能准确判断。而这也正是医生最需要的关键地
    方。这些正是本项目要解决和达到的目标。本论文主要论述了将一系列二维
    CT扫描图象经过校正、锐化等处理后,提取不同物体的边界数据,形成三维
    体数据,实现物体三维重建,并实现对体数据进行显示、平移、旋转、缩放、
    投影等功能。
     本论文主要以医学领域中的应用为背景,通过对医学领域中体视化的研
    究与应用,以期对计算机图形学、计算机视觉和计算机图象处理等学科进行
    深入的研究。通过该项目的体视化技术研究与开发,可以为观察者在进行手
    术治疗之前、放射治疗之前提供模拟演示功能。并可为医学院教学提供虚拟
    现实的教学和实验环节。同时提高医用领域的临床水平和教学水平。
VOLUME VISUALIZATION is developed in the base of some knowledge in
     computer graphics, computer vision and computer image manipulation. The
     content is a very important branch in computer application, as well as.
     These aspects involve deeper content, have stronger theory and more
     arithmetic. So it often stands for the level of computer specialty
     application. Internationally, the research and application of volume
     visualization is very popular, but the research and application in
     china appears later. The systematic theory in 3D reconstruction of faultage
     images is discussed in this paper. The principle, realization arithmetic,
     realization method and application about spacial 3D volume visualization
     are brought forward and summed up.
     The realization method of 3D reconstruction in faultage images is
     discussed in this paper. First,surrounding images manipulation , graphics
     translation, the 3D shape reconstruction , image compression, and so on are
     mainly expounded. In the aspect of images manipulation, the arithmetic of
     anchor point picking-up, image geometry translation, object identifying
     boundary picking-up, image section plane displaying in length and width, image
     smoothness, image sharpening, boundary picking-up in faultage images are
     discoursed. Second,in the side of graphics translation, the arithmetic and its
     realization principle of 2D geometry translation (level shift, circumrotation,
     zoom), plane data 3D, the 3D shape's establishing, 3D geometry translation,
     curve, concealing lines and concealing surface processing, colour processing are
     researched and sunixnarized. Third, the design idea of using OpenGL to exploit
     and realize 3D reconstruction system of faultage images is introduced,. The idea
     includes using OpenGL to realize the function of coordinate translation, the 3D
     modeling, the 3D circumrotation and projection. Fouth, the method of compress-
     -ing the image BMP files to JPEG files is introduced in this paper.It involves the
     color model principle, DCT (disperse cosine translation), Zig-Zag translation,
     quantify, AC encoding, DC encoding, sampling coefficient, the decoding of JPG
     files.
     This thesis is written chiefly according to the background of
     medicine field's application, the research and application of volume
     visualization deeply deal with computer graphics, computer vision and
     computer images manipulation. Though the research it can accelerate the
     improvement of our national computer application level at these
     aspects.
     Through the research and exploitation of volume visualization
     technology , we can offer demo function for the observer before the
     operation treatment and the X-adiation treatment. We can also provide
     the practice's teaching and experimental teaching method to medical
     college students. At the same time, the application can help doctor
    
    
     7
     ,k7
    
    
    
    
    improve the sense' and accurately 1ocate cancer p1ace.
    Presently, ho.pit.l, have not the software of comP1ete CT 3D
    reconSboion and X-radial spatial 3D distributng display yet. Using X- radial
    tredriellt has already become prevalent operation method. Bot, The 3D
    distributing circumstance of radial wraPping target section, section shaPe, radial
    intensity X- radial time, radial angle, bedstead direchon and other a series of
    work are very difficult to be imagined. Merely relying on doctors direct
    judgement lacks definite science. Through the research and exp1oitation of
    voIume visual ization techno1ogy, it sure1y can he1p the physician s
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