SUSTAIN支持下的城市降雨径流最佳管理BMP规划研究
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摘要
城市化过程所带来的城市降雨径流量增大、峰值增加、径流面源污染等问题正在得到越来越多的关注和重视。传统的雨水排水体系已不能满足可持续城市降雨径流管理的需求,以“近自然、多功能”为核心理念的降雨径流最佳管理和城市低影响开发正逐渐登上舞台。针对国内目前在降雨径流管理规划上的欠缺,需要借鉴国外的先进理念和实践经验,结合我国城市发展的具体情况,完善、细化、系统化现有的城市降雨径流控制技术和管理规划,并以实际案例进行试点研究。
本研究以初具雏形的城市降雨径流控制管理规划框架为纲,以其中的两个技术核心——城市降雨径流最佳管理措施(BMPs)比选体系和降雨径流管理决策支持系统SUSTAIN为主要研究对象,并选择规划在建的广东省保护职业技术学院南海校区为案例研究区域,对其进行降雨径流的综合控制与管理规划,在信息化决策支持系统的辅助下给出最优的降雨径流管理规划方案。
首先,通过对国内外城市降雨径流最佳管理措施(BMPs)的研究和实践的调研,对其经济技术特征进行归纳、分析和初步评价。从BMPs适用区域场地特征、BMPs措施功效特征和成本投入特征三方面选取指标,建立城市降雨径流BMPs措施比选体系,对在某一给定研究区域下,各BMP措施的适用性和综合表现做出评价,进而为规划进行BMPs控制管理方案初步比选提供参考和依据。
本研究选用美国EPA最新开发的SUSTAIN系统作为进行城市降雨径流管理和控制规划的工具,识别其在城市降雨径流管理规划各个阶段所能起到的辅助作用和前端输入需求,并对其中的封装参数进行修改,实现本地化。
选择广东省环境保护职业技术学院在建的南海校区作为试点研究区域,进行规划案例的研究和分析。在进行实地调研和各类基础资料的收集、整理的基础上,根据区域特点利用所建立的比选体系初步筛选合适的BMP措施。接着,在ArcGIS平台下借助SUSTAIN系统进行BMPs措施的选址、布局,设计开发后基础情景、经济适用型BMPs规划情景和功效最大化BMPs规划情景3种不同的情景方案。以2008年每日每小时降雨数据为前端输入,模拟、比较不同情景方案对区域降雨径流所带来的影响和控制功效。最后,结合研究区域对降雨径流控制的目标进行方案优化,从而给出成本-效益最优的降雨径流控制管理规划方案。
Urbanization process brought various urban runoff problems such as increasing runoff volume, increasing peak flow, and runoff pollution, which attract more and more concerns and attentions. Traditional discharge system would no longer satisfy the sustainable urban runoff management requirements, and recently, urban runoff best management practices and low impact development with the core concept of“nature and multi-function”become more and more popular. Obviously, our country needs to learn from advanced concept and practical experiences abroad and to ameliorate our own urban runoff control and management planning system with practical case study. This study mainly focus on 2 key technical aspects under the existing urban storm water runoff control and management planning frame: establishment of urban storm water runoff Best Management Practices (BMPs) assessment criteria system and the application of storm water runoff management decision support system SUSTAIN. A college under construction in Nanhai discrict, Foshan, Guangdong province was chosen as the case study for urban storm water runoff BMP control and planning.
First, based on the research of urban storm water runoff BMP study and practices both in China and abroad, the technical and economic characteristics of commonly used BMPs were analyzed and synthesized. Then an assessment system was established with criteria selected for BMPs site suitability, performance evaluation, and cost & maintenance to serve as a first screen and selection reference for the BMP planning. The latest decision support system SUSTAIN developed by USEPA was taken as the aiding tool in the planning process. The possible application and input data requirements of SUSTAIN in each stage of urban storm water runoff management planning was identified. The packed parameters with western units were also modified and localized.
The new campus of Guangdong vocational and technical college on envoironmental protection which is now under construction was picked as the target test area. Based on site-visit and data collection, several BMPs suitable for the site were selected using the BMPs assessment criteria system. Then, under the frame of ArcGIS and using the BMPs Siting Tool, 3 management scenarios were designed and arranged, including a basic scenario after development, an economic BMPs scenario and a maximized performance BMPs scenario. With the actually hourly rainfull data of 2008 as input precipitation, the impact on the site and the control effects of urban storm water runoff under each scenario were calculated, analyzed and compared. In the end, according to the local control target, the planning scenario was optimized to find the most cost-effective scheme for urban storm water runoff BMP planning.
本研究以初具雏形的城市降雨径流控制管理规划框架为纲,以其中的两个技术核心——城市降雨径流最佳管理措施(BMPs)比选体系和降雨径流管理决策支持系统SUSTAIN为主要研究对象,并选择规划在建的广东省保护职业技术学院南海校区为案例研究区域,对其进行降雨径流的综合控制与管理规划,在信息化决策支持系统的辅助下给出最优的降雨径流管理规划方案。
首先,通过对国内外城市降雨径流最佳管理措施(BMPs)的研究和实践的调研,对其经济技术特征进行归纳、分析和初步评价。从BMPs适用区域场地特征、BMPs措施功效特征和成本投入特征三方面选取指标,建立城市降雨径流BMPs措施比选体系,对在某一给定研究区域下,各BMP措施的适用性和综合表现做出评价,进而为规划进行BMPs控制管理方案初步比选提供参考和依据。
本研究选用美国EPA最新开发的SUSTAIN系统作为进行城市降雨径流管理和控制规划的工具,识别其在城市降雨径流管理规划各个阶段所能起到的辅助作用和前端输入需求,并对其中的封装参数进行修改,实现本地化。
选择广东省环境保护职业技术学院在建的南海校区作为试点研究区域,进行规划案例的研究和分析。在进行实地调研和各类基础资料的收集、整理的基础上,根据区域特点利用所建立的比选体系初步筛选合适的BMP措施。接着,在ArcGIS平台下借助SUSTAIN系统进行BMPs措施的选址、布局,设计开发后基础情景、经济适用型BMPs规划情景和功效最大化BMPs规划情景3种不同的情景方案。以2008年每日每小时降雨数据为前端输入,模拟、比较不同情景方案对区域降雨径流所带来的影响和控制功效。最后,结合研究区域对降雨径流控制的目标进行方案优化,从而给出成本-效益最优的降雨径流控制管理规划方案。
Urbanization process brought various urban runoff problems such as increasing runoff volume, increasing peak flow, and runoff pollution, which attract more and more concerns and attentions. Traditional discharge system would no longer satisfy the sustainable urban runoff management requirements, and recently, urban runoff best management practices and low impact development with the core concept of“nature and multi-function”become more and more popular. Obviously, our country needs to learn from advanced concept and practical experiences abroad and to ameliorate our own urban runoff control and management planning system with practical case study. This study mainly focus on 2 key technical aspects under the existing urban storm water runoff control and management planning frame: establishment of urban storm water runoff Best Management Practices (BMPs) assessment criteria system and the application of storm water runoff management decision support system SUSTAIN. A college under construction in Nanhai discrict, Foshan, Guangdong province was chosen as the case study for urban storm water runoff BMP control and planning.
First, based on the research of urban storm water runoff BMP study and practices both in China and abroad, the technical and economic characteristics of commonly used BMPs were analyzed and synthesized. Then an assessment system was established with criteria selected for BMPs site suitability, performance evaluation, and cost & maintenance to serve as a first screen and selection reference for the BMP planning. The latest decision support system SUSTAIN developed by USEPA was taken as the aiding tool in the planning process. The possible application and input data requirements of SUSTAIN in each stage of urban storm water runoff management planning was identified. The packed parameters with western units were also modified and localized.
The new campus of Guangdong vocational and technical college on envoironmental protection which is now under construction was picked as the target test area. Based on site-visit and data collection, several BMPs suitable for the site were selected using the BMPs assessment criteria system. Then, under the frame of ArcGIS and using the BMPs Siting Tool, 3 management scenarios were designed and arranged, including a basic scenario after development, an economic BMPs scenario and a maximized performance BMPs scenario. With the actually hourly rainfull data of 2008 as input precipitation, the impact on the site and the control effects of urban storm water runoff under each scenario were calculated, analyzed and compared. In the end, according to the local control target, the planning scenario was optimized to find the most cost-effective scheme for urban storm water runoff BMP planning.
引文
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