阿月浑子物候期与环境条件及有机营养的关系
|
摘要
以甘谷和邢台果园阿月浑子为研究对象,采用人工和自动气象站结合,记录分别调查了其物候期和果园气象因子,以阿月浑子枝条叶面积和枝条长度变化为着眼的,分析了物候期和气象条件的关系;同时测定了阿月浑子枝条有机营养的年动态变化,结合物候期变化分析其中的联系;最后测定了影响阿月浑子花期花粉活力的因素及花粉贮藏条件。结果表明:
(1)阿月浑子从萌动到休眠约200d左右,Kerman和Peters物候期较一致,但花期有不一致的现象。气象条件影响阿月浑子物候期,特别是温度条件对其影响剧烈,与原产地相比,我国引种阿月浑子制定栽培措施是尤其注意越冬防寒,同时注意防治高温高湿条件下产生的病害。
(2)气象条件对阿月浑子有机营养动念变化也有一定影响,其中以温度条件为主要影响因子,栽培时人为调节气象条件改善其营养代谢。
(3)从阿月浑子枝条木质部和韧皮部的有机营养动念变化可以看出,阿月浑子物候关键时期存在有机营养的转运、合成、储藏、利用现象,这为科学合理进行施肥提供了重要参考。
(4)适宜的温度对生育期花粉的活力影响很大,以25℃的环境条件最佳,其他条件如硼酸浓度为100mg/L时对阿月浑子花粉营养代谢有利,而浓度过高反而会对花粉产生抑制作用;植物激素在一定浓度下会对阿月浑子花粉萌发生长产生积极作用,超过一定浓度会起反作用;阿月浑子花粉可以长期和短期贮藏,生产实践中多可以采用冰柜冷冻,短期保存,较长时间贮藏应置于超低温冰箱。研究阿月浑子花粉萌发和贮藏可以为生产上进行辅助授粉提供前提条件,以此解决雌雄花花期不遇而带来的授粉受精差的问题。
We took the Pistachio in the orchards of Gangu and Xingtai as the research object and recorded data by using artificial method and automatic weather station, so we investigated the phenophase of Pistachio and meteorological factors in the two orchards. Then we focused on the changes of leaf area in branch and length of branch to analyse the relation between phenophase and meteorological factors; also we measured the dynamic changes if Pistachio's organic nutrition in 2008 and analyse the relation combated with phenophase; at last , we found out some influencing factors on pollen viability in Pistachio during florescence. The results shows as follow:
(1) The phenophase of Pistachio is probably 200d, the phenophase of Kerman is consistent with Peters, but they have different florescence. Meteorological conditions affect the phenophase of Pistachio especially the temperature condition. Compared with original area, our country must pay attention to the overwintering and winter protection if making cultivation measures, and also do not neglect the disease under hot and humid environment in some place.
(2) We can conclude from organic nutrition dynamic changes of xyIem and phloem in Pistachio that, thecritical period of Pistachio's phenophase have the phenomenon of transport, and synthesize, storage and utilize. This can be important reference for fertilizing scientifically and rationally.
(3) Meteorological conditions have some influences to the organic nutrition dynamic changes ofPistachio especially the temperature condition. Regulate meteorological conditions artificially to improve its nutrition metabolism.
(4) Suitable temperature have great influence on pollen viability during florescence, and the best is 25℃.Other conditions such as the concentration of boric acid, that 100mg/L is good for the pollen's germinating and growth but no avail if it excess; lower concentration of phytohormone have positive role for pollen viability; the pollen of Pistachio can be storaged in long and short terms. Freezing the pollen in ice chest can be a short term method in practical production, but ultra low temperature storage is suitable if it is used in a long time.
(1)阿月浑子从萌动到休眠约200d左右,Kerman和Peters物候期较一致,但花期有不一致的现象。气象条件影响阿月浑子物候期,特别是温度条件对其影响剧烈,与原产地相比,我国引种阿月浑子制定栽培措施是尤其注意越冬防寒,同时注意防治高温高湿条件下产生的病害。
(2)气象条件对阿月浑子有机营养动念变化也有一定影响,其中以温度条件为主要影响因子,栽培时人为调节气象条件改善其营养代谢。
(3)从阿月浑子枝条木质部和韧皮部的有机营养动念变化可以看出,阿月浑子物候关键时期存在有机营养的转运、合成、储藏、利用现象,这为科学合理进行施肥提供了重要参考。
(4)适宜的温度对生育期花粉的活力影响很大,以25℃的环境条件最佳,其他条件如硼酸浓度为100mg/L时对阿月浑子花粉营养代谢有利,而浓度过高反而会对花粉产生抑制作用;植物激素在一定浓度下会对阿月浑子花粉萌发生长产生积极作用,超过一定浓度会起反作用;阿月浑子花粉可以长期和短期贮藏,生产实践中多可以采用冰柜冷冻,短期保存,较长时间贮藏应置于超低温冰箱。研究阿月浑子花粉萌发和贮藏可以为生产上进行辅助授粉提供前提条件,以此解决雌雄花花期不遇而带来的授粉受精差的问题。
We took the Pistachio in the orchards of Gangu and Xingtai as the research object and recorded data by using artificial method and automatic weather station, so we investigated the phenophase of Pistachio and meteorological factors in the two orchards. Then we focused on the changes of leaf area in branch and length of branch to analyse the relation between phenophase and meteorological factors; also we measured the dynamic changes if Pistachio's organic nutrition in 2008 and analyse the relation combated with phenophase; at last , we found out some influencing factors on pollen viability in Pistachio during florescence. The results shows as follow:
(1) The phenophase of Pistachio is probably 200d, the phenophase of Kerman is consistent with Peters, but they have different florescence. Meteorological conditions affect the phenophase of Pistachio especially the temperature condition. Compared with original area, our country must pay attention to the overwintering and winter protection if making cultivation measures, and also do not neglect the disease under hot and humid environment in some place.
(2) We can conclude from organic nutrition dynamic changes of xyIem and phloem in Pistachio that, thecritical period of Pistachio's phenophase have the phenomenon of transport, and synthesize, storage and utilize. This can be important reference for fertilizing scientifically and rationally.
(3) Meteorological conditions have some influences to the organic nutrition dynamic changes ofPistachio especially the temperature condition. Regulate meteorological conditions artificially to improve its nutrition metabolism.
(4) Suitable temperature have great influence on pollen viability during florescence, and the best is 25℃.Other conditions such as the concentration of boric acid, that 100mg/L is good for the pollen's germinating and growth but no avail if it excess; lower concentration of phytohormone have positive role for pollen viability; the pollen of Pistachio can be storaged in long and short terms. Freezing the pollen in ice chest can be a short term method in practical production, but ultra low temperature storage is suitable if it is used in a long time.
引文
1.曹颖,胡尚连,卢学琴,贾举庆,陈红春,孙霞.2008.GA_3和IAA对慈竹可溶性蛋白质含量动态积累的调控[J],安徽农业科学,36(17):7093-7094,7102.
2.陈俊伟,张上隆,张良诚,谢鸣,陶俊,吴江.2003.柑橘果实韧皮部后糖的运输生理机制研究[J],中国农业科学,36(12):1530-1534.
3.丁卫英,李云龙,孙秋雁,高芬,王云莲.2008.大枣生长期可溶性糖含量变化规律的研究[J],农产品加工·学刊,(5):29-31.
4.樊汝汶,尹增芳,周坚.1999.植物木质部发育生物学研究[J],植物学通报,16(4):387-397.
5.葛体达,唐东梅,芦波,夏含嫣,宋世威,黄丹枫.2008.番茄根系分泌物、木质部和韧皮部汁液组分对矿质氮和有机氮营养的响应[J],园艺学报,35(1):39-46.
6.巩永中.2002.开心果引种试栽结果[J],甘肃农业科技,(1):28-29.
7.黄菊莹,张硕新,冯慧娟.2005.4个树种木质部栓塞与N素营养关系的研究[J],西北林学院学报,20(3):36-39.
8.蒋建国.1999.开心果的生产技术与科研动态[J],中国南方果树,28(5):44-46
9.雷美玉,李辉亮,刘立元,彭世清.2007.糖在植物中的感知与信号传导研究进展[J],西北植物学报,27(10):2118-2127.
10.李建国,罗诗,袁炜群.2003.荔枝果实成熟期间糖积累和糖代谢相关酶活性变化[J],华南农业大学学报(自然科学版),24(2):87-88.
11.李学强,李秀珍,司凤云,王朝霞.2007.不同贮藏条件及生长调节剂对欧李花粉生活力的影响[J],西北植物学报,27(11):2251-2256.
12.梁芳,郊成淑,张翠华,孙庆春.菊花花芽分化过程中芽和叶片碳水化合物含量的变化[J],山东农业科学,2003,1:40-42.
13.刘建福,蒋建国,张勇,陈清创.2002.激素和微量元素对澳洲坚果花粉活力的影响[J],广西园艺,(2)4-6.
14.刘新,葛才林,罗时石,张文献,马飞,龚荐.1998.韧皮部同化物运输与木质部的关系研究[J],西南农业大学学报,20(6):588-592.
15.柳振亮,李树蓉,苏淑钗.2004.北京地区阿月浑子嫁接繁殖的研究[J],北京林业大学学报,26(5):85-88
16.路丙社,白志英,董源,梁海永.1999.阿月浑子光合特性及其影响因子的研究[J],园艺学报,26(5):287-290
17.路丙社,董源,白志英.1998.我国阿月浑子生产现状及发展对策[J],果树科学,15(3)252-255.
18.路丙社,刘忠华,董源.2005.阿月浑子引种研究[M],北京:中国林业出版社.
19.罗玉.2004.植物中的糖代谢及其相关酶[J],文山师范高等专科学校学报,17(2):155-159.
20.罗玉.物中的糖代谢及其相关酶[J],文山师范高等专科学校学报,17(2):155-159.
21.马锋旺,韩清芳,张淑红.1994.几种激素和微量元素对杏和李花粉萌发的影响[J],陕西农业科学,(2)29-32.
22.马世超,李树蓉,冯春华,冷平生,苏淑钗,李旭.2006.北京地区引种阿月浑子生长发育条件分析[J],林业科学,42(1):63-69.
23.年玉欣,曹冬煦,李智辉,孙晓梅,付晓云.2008.贮藏条件对郁金香花粉生命力的影响[J],北方园艺,(11):120-122.
24.欧阳彤.1999.阿月浑子花芽分化的初步研究[J],经济林研究.17(4):8-11.
25.潘瑞炽.2003.植物生理学[M],北京:高等教育出版社.
26.彭鸿,余仲东,陈晓荣.2003.美国开心果产业及其对我国干旱半干旱地区生态建设的启示[J],中国水土保持,(1):15-16
27.钱晶晶,曾凡锁,王晓凤,詹亚光.2008.培养基组分、激素及pH值对转基因白桦花粉萌发的影响[J],生物技术通报,(6)106-109.
28.史建伟,张育平,王孟本,李俊英,张国明.2008.植物体内非结构性碳水化合物变化及其影响因素[J],湖北农业科学,47(1):112-115.
29.舒朝然,熊惠龙,陈国发等.2002.静电喷药技术应用研究的现状与发展[J],沈阳农业大学学报,33(3):211-214.
30.孙铁雷,王顺喜.2006.静电技术在农业工程中的应用[J],农机化研究,(9):183-186.
31.汤灿辉,彭新君,文礼章,江星明.2008.蒽酮—硫酸比色法测定三叶虫茶中总糖的含量[J],湖南中医药大学学报,28(5)38-40.
32.汤红明,徐冬青,徐根娣,刘鹏.2006.植物花粉萌发的研究进展[J],安徽农业科学,34(24):6436-6438,6440.
33.田自华,侯建华,白薇,邵金旺,王树林,张家晔.1999.甜菜体内蔗糖的变化规律及在各器官中的分配动态[J],内蒙古农业大学学报,20(4):7-13.
34.吐拉克孜,尚新业,何健,艾尼瓦尔.2002.阿月浑子播种栽培技术[J],经济林研究,20(1):39-40.
35.汪玲,张绍铃.2006.贮藏温度和湿度对丰水梨花粉生活力的影响[J],中国果树,(4)18-20.
36.王花兰.2004.美国阿月浑子品种Kerman在甘肃甘谷的表现[J],中国果树,(4):27-28.
37.王家保,林秋金.2003.5种测量热带果树单叶面积的方法研究[J].热带农业科学,23(1):11-14.
38.王树清,尚新业,石玉琴.1996.新疆阿月浑子资源情况[J],经济林研究,14(4):54-55.
39.王婷,王永章,刘更森,刘成连,原永兵.2008.红灯甜樱桃果实发育过程中糖代谢规律及相关酶活性变化[J],落叶果树,(4):15-17.
40.王文平,郭祀远,李琳,王明力,梁桂娟.2008.考马斯亮蓝法测定野木瓜多糖中蛋白质的含量[J],食品研究与开发,29(1)115-117.
41.王莘,王艳梅,董浩.2003.豆类萌发期矿物质元素和糖类含量变化的研究[J],扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版),24(2):72-74.
42.翁雪成,袁红.2007.蒽酮—硫酸法测定荔枝核中可溶性多糖含量[J],杭州师范学院学报(医学版),27(2)107-108.
43.辛国,张进德,邓煌,王小菊,李林.2003.阿月浑子的栽培技术[J],(5):48-49.
44.邢世岩,崔怀新,工文臣,荣邵乾,路秋生.2003.阿月浑子雌雄花发育研究评述[J],林业科技开发,17(5):13-15.
45.邢世岩,崔怀新,王文臣等.2003.阿月浑子雌雄花发育研究评述[J],林业科技开发,17(5):13-15.
46.邢世岩,李健,阿不都米吉提.2001.阿月浑子(Pistacia vera L.)生殖生物学研究评述[J],园艺学报,28(增刊):609-616.
47.荀守华,孙蕾,乔玉玲,宋玉民,顾伟民.1999.阿月浑子及其引种前景[J],山东林业科技,(5):46-49.
48.杨国栋,陈效逑.木本植物物候相组合分类研究[J].林业科学,2000,36(2):40.
49.杨国志,张明方.2006.植物蔗糖代谢参与酶的表达及调控[J],北方园艺,(5):45-47.
50.杨国志,张明方.2006.植物蔗糖代谢参与酶的表达及调控[J],北方园艺,(5):45-47.
51.杨恒,魏安智,杨途熙,张睿,撒文清.2002.开心果的生物学特性及主要品种简述[J],(4): 54-56.
52.杨秀英,王书林.2008.蒽酮—硫酸比色法测定枇杷叶中可溶性多糖的含量[J],亚太传统医药,4(8)26-27.
53.于惠敏.1999.植物韧皮部载运机制的研究[J],山东教育学院学报,(2):63-64.
54.余仲东,张刚龙.2003.开心果栽培研究进展[J],陕西林业科技,(1):76-77.
55.张成林,彭海田.1997.天然次生白桦木质部及韧皮部营养元素含量的分布及动态特性[J],林业科技,22(6)18-20.
56.张福春.气候变化对中国木本植物物候的可能影响[J].地理学报,1995,50(5):403-408.
57.张基德,李玉梅,陈艳秋,李莉.2004.梨品种枝条可溶性糖、脯氮酸含量变化规律与抗寒性的关系[J],延边大学农学学报,26(4):281-285.
58.张艳青,李献明,周如久,路丙社,缴丽莉,步绍振.2007.阿月浑子花粉萌发及贮藏特性研究[J],河北农业大学学报,30(3)41-47.
59.赵江涛,李晓峰,李航,徐睿态.2006.可溶性糖在高等植物代谢调节中的生理作用[J],安徽农业科学,34(24):6423-6425,6427.
60.赵黎明,郑殿峰.2008.不同植物生长调节剂对大豆叶片保护酶活性及同化物代谢的影响[J],华北农学报,23(3):106-111.
61.周如久,倪志云,路丙社等.2006.阿月浑子花序生长和花期物候学研究[J],西北植物学报,26(8):1579-1583.
62.AK-BE,Fergusou L,Ksester D.1998.Effects of different Pistacia species pollen on fruit dimension and weight in the Siirt cultivar.Acta Horticulturae(470):294-299
63.Banerjee,S.,and S.E.Law,1995:Characterization of chargeability of biological particulates by triboelectrification.IEEE/IAS Conf.2,1295-1301.
64.Bechar,A.,1996:Pollen deposition in electrostatic field(in Hebrew).MSc Thesis.The Faculty of Agricultural Engineering,The Tech-nion-Israel Institute of Technology,Haifa,Israel.
65.Bechar,A.,I.Shmulevich,D.Eisikowitch,Y.Vaknin,B.Ronen,and S.Gan-Mor,1999:Simulation and testing of an electrostatic pollination system.Trans.ASAE 42,1511-1516.
66.Bright,A.W.,R.P.Corbett,and J.F.Hughes,1978:Electrostatics-Electrostatic Engineering Design Guide No.30.Oxford Univ.Press,Oxford.
67.Crane,J.C.,1973:Parthenocarpy-a factor contributing to the production of blank pistachios.HortScience 8,388-390.
68.Frank M,Chmielewski,Thomas R.Response of tree phenology to climate change across Europe [J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2001,108(2):101-112.
69.Free,J.B.,1993:Insect Pollination of Crops.Academic Press,London.
70.Hanninen H.Modelling bud dormancy release in trees from cool and temperate regions[J].Acta For.Fenn.,1991,3:1-47.
71.Hopping,M.E and E.M.Jerram,1980b:Supplementary pollination of tree fruits.II.Field trials on kiwifruit and Japanese plums.NZ.J.Agric.Res.23,517-521.
72.Hopping,M.E.,and E.M.Jerram,1980a:Supplementary pollination of tree fruits.I.Development of suspension media.NZ.J.Agric.Res.23,517-521.
73.Hormaza,J.L,and M.Herrero,1998:Pollen effects on fruit and seed characteristics in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.).Ann.J.Appl.Biol.132.357-364.
74.Jouni P,Veikko K,Heikki H.Effect of photoperiod and temperature on the timing of bud burst in Norway spruce(Picea abies)[J].Tree Physiology,1998,18(11):811-816.
75.Law,S.E.,and S.C.Cooper,1989:Target grounding requirements for electrostatic deposition of pesticide sprays. Trans. ASAE 32, 1169-1172.
76.McCVregor S. E. 1976: Insect Pollination of Cultivated Crop Plants. Agriculture Research Service,USDA, Washington DC.
77.Michalides T J, Morgan D P, Grant J A, et al. 1992. Shorter sprinkler irrigation reduce Botryos-phaeria blight of pistachio. Calif Agric, 46(6):28-32
78.Michalides T J, Morgan D P. 1994. Occurrence of Sclerntinia and Botrytis shoot blights on pistachio in California. Plant Dis. 78(6): 641
79.Michalides TJ. 1991. Pathngenicity, distribution, sources of inoculums and infection courts of Botryosphaeria dothidea on pistachio. Physiopathology, 81(5): 566-573
80.Romberg, L. D., and C. L. Smith, 1950: Progress report on the breeding of new pecan varieties.Proc. Tex. Pecan Grow. Assoc. 29, 12-21.
81.RosecranceRC, WeinbaumSA, BrownPH, et al. 1996. Assessment of nitrogen, phosphorus,and potassium uptake capacity and root growth in mature alternate bearing pistachio trees. Tree Physiology, 16: 11-12, 949-956
82.Sedgley, M., and A. R. Griffin, 1989: Sexual Reproduction of Tree Crops. Academic Press,London.
83.Snyder R L, Spano D, Duce P, et al. Temperature data for phonological models[J].Int.J.Biometeorol., 2001, 45(4): 178-183.
84.SparksTH, Carey P D. The responses of species to climate over two centuries: an analysis of the Marsham phenological record, 1736-1947. Journal of Ecology, 1995, 83: 321-329.
85.Vaknin, Y, and D. Eisikowitch, 2000: Effects of short-term stor- age on germinability of pistachio pollen. Plant Breeding 119, 347-350.
86.Vaknin, Y., S. Gan-Mor, A. Bechar, B. Ronen, and D. Eisikowitch, 2001: Improving pollination of almond (Amrgdalus communis L., Rosaceae) using electrostatic techniques. J. Horticult. Sci.Biotech- nol. 76,208-212.
87.Vergara B S, ChangTT. The flowering response of the rice plant to photoperiod [M]. 4th edn. IRRI,Los Baons, 1985.61.
88.Y Vaknin, S. Gan-Mor, A. Bechar, 2002: Effects of supplementary pollination on cropping success and fruit quality in pistachio. Plant Breeding 121, 451-455.
89.Young, H. J., and T. P. Young, 1992: Alternative outcomes of natural and experimental high pollen loads. Ecology. 73, 639-647.
90.ZHANG Xin-bo, REN Jian-ru, ZHANG Dan-er. Phenological observations on Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr in primary seed orchard [J]. Journal ofForestry Research, 2001, 12(3):201-204.
2.陈俊伟,张上隆,张良诚,谢鸣,陶俊,吴江.2003.柑橘果实韧皮部后糖的运输生理机制研究[J],中国农业科学,36(12):1530-1534.
3.丁卫英,李云龙,孙秋雁,高芬,王云莲.2008.大枣生长期可溶性糖含量变化规律的研究[J],农产品加工·学刊,(5):29-31.
4.樊汝汶,尹增芳,周坚.1999.植物木质部发育生物学研究[J],植物学通报,16(4):387-397.
5.葛体达,唐东梅,芦波,夏含嫣,宋世威,黄丹枫.2008.番茄根系分泌物、木质部和韧皮部汁液组分对矿质氮和有机氮营养的响应[J],园艺学报,35(1):39-46.
6.巩永中.2002.开心果引种试栽结果[J],甘肃农业科技,(1):28-29.
7.黄菊莹,张硕新,冯慧娟.2005.4个树种木质部栓塞与N素营养关系的研究[J],西北林学院学报,20(3):36-39.
8.蒋建国.1999.开心果的生产技术与科研动态[J],中国南方果树,28(5):44-46
9.雷美玉,李辉亮,刘立元,彭世清.2007.糖在植物中的感知与信号传导研究进展[J],西北植物学报,27(10):2118-2127.
10.李建国,罗诗,袁炜群.2003.荔枝果实成熟期间糖积累和糖代谢相关酶活性变化[J],华南农业大学学报(自然科学版),24(2):87-88.
11.李学强,李秀珍,司凤云,王朝霞.2007.不同贮藏条件及生长调节剂对欧李花粉生活力的影响[J],西北植物学报,27(11):2251-2256.
12.梁芳,郊成淑,张翠华,孙庆春.菊花花芽分化过程中芽和叶片碳水化合物含量的变化[J],山东农业科学,2003,1:40-42.
13.刘建福,蒋建国,张勇,陈清创.2002.激素和微量元素对澳洲坚果花粉活力的影响[J],广西园艺,(2)4-6.
14.刘新,葛才林,罗时石,张文献,马飞,龚荐.1998.韧皮部同化物运输与木质部的关系研究[J],西南农业大学学报,20(6):588-592.
15.柳振亮,李树蓉,苏淑钗.2004.北京地区阿月浑子嫁接繁殖的研究[J],北京林业大学学报,26(5):85-88
16.路丙社,白志英,董源,梁海永.1999.阿月浑子光合特性及其影响因子的研究[J],园艺学报,26(5):287-290
17.路丙社,董源,白志英.1998.我国阿月浑子生产现状及发展对策[J],果树科学,15(3)252-255.
18.路丙社,刘忠华,董源.2005.阿月浑子引种研究[M],北京:中国林业出版社.
19.罗玉.2004.植物中的糖代谢及其相关酶[J],文山师范高等专科学校学报,17(2):155-159.
20.罗玉.物中的糖代谢及其相关酶[J],文山师范高等专科学校学报,17(2):155-159.
21.马锋旺,韩清芳,张淑红.1994.几种激素和微量元素对杏和李花粉萌发的影响[J],陕西农业科学,(2)29-32.
22.马世超,李树蓉,冯春华,冷平生,苏淑钗,李旭.2006.北京地区引种阿月浑子生长发育条件分析[J],林业科学,42(1):63-69.
23.年玉欣,曹冬煦,李智辉,孙晓梅,付晓云.2008.贮藏条件对郁金香花粉生命力的影响[J],北方园艺,(11):120-122.
24.欧阳彤.1999.阿月浑子花芽分化的初步研究[J],经济林研究.17(4):8-11.
25.潘瑞炽.2003.植物生理学[M],北京:高等教育出版社.
26.彭鸿,余仲东,陈晓荣.2003.美国开心果产业及其对我国干旱半干旱地区生态建设的启示[J],中国水土保持,(1):15-16
27.钱晶晶,曾凡锁,王晓凤,詹亚光.2008.培养基组分、激素及pH值对转基因白桦花粉萌发的影响[J],生物技术通报,(6)106-109.
28.史建伟,张育平,王孟本,李俊英,张国明.2008.植物体内非结构性碳水化合物变化及其影响因素[J],湖北农业科学,47(1):112-115.
29.舒朝然,熊惠龙,陈国发等.2002.静电喷药技术应用研究的现状与发展[J],沈阳农业大学学报,33(3):211-214.
30.孙铁雷,王顺喜.2006.静电技术在农业工程中的应用[J],农机化研究,(9):183-186.
31.汤灿辉,彭新君,文礼章,江星明.2008.蒽酮—硫酸比色法测定三叶虫茶中总糖的含量[J],湖南中医药大学学报,28(5)38-40.
32.汤红明,徐冬青,徐根娣,刘鹏.2006.植物花粉萌发的研究进展[J],安徽农业科学,34(24):6436-6438,6440.
33.田自华,侯建华,白薇,邵金旺,王树林,张家晔.1999.甜菜体内蔗糖的变化规律及在各器官中的分配动态[J],内蒙古农业大学学报,20(4):7-13.
34.吐拉克孜,尚新业,何健,艾尼瓦尔.2002.阿月浑子播种栽培技术[J],经济林研究,20(1):39-40.
35.汪玲,张绍铃.2006.贮藏温度和湿度对丰水梨花粉生活力的影响[J],中国果树,(4)18-20.
36.王花兰.2004.美国阿月浑子品种Kerman在甘肃甘谷的表现[J],中国果树,(4):27-28.
37.王家保,林秋金.2003.5种测量热带果树单叶面积的方法研究[J].热带农业科学,23(1):11-14.
38.王树清,尚新业,石玉琴.1996.新疆阿月浑子资源情况[J],经济林研究,14(4):54-55.
39.王婷,王永章,刘更森,刘成连,原永兵.2008.红灯甜樱桃果实发育过程中糖代谢规律及相关酶活性变化[J],落叶果树,(4):15-17.
40.王文平,郭祀远,李琳,王明力,梁桂娟.2008.考马斯亮蓝法测定野木瓜多糖中蛋白质的含量[J],食品研究与开发,29(1)115-117.
41.王莘,王艳梅,董浩.2003.豆类萌发期矿物质元素和糖类含量变化的研究[J],扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版),24(2):72-74.
42.翁雪成,袁红.2007.蒽酮—硫酸法测定荔枝核中可溶性多糖含量[J],杭州师范学院学报(医学版),27(2)107-108.
43.辛国,张进德,邓煌,王小菊,李林.2003.阿月浑子的栽培技术[J],(5):48-49.
44.邢世岩,崔怀新,工文臣,荣邵乾,路秋生.2003.阿月浑子雌雄花发育研究评述[J],林业科技开发,17(5):13-15.
45.邢世岩,崔怀新,王文臣等.2003.阿月浑子雌雄花发育研究评述[J],林业科技开发,17(5):13-15.
46.邢世岩,李健,阿不都米吉提.2001.阿月浑子(Pistacia vera L.)生殖生物学研究评述[J],园艺学报,28(增刊):609-616.
47.荀守华,孙蕾,乔玉玲,宋玉民,顾伟民.1999.阿月浑子及其引种前景[J],山东林业科技,(5):46-49.
48.杨国栋,陈效逑.木本植物物候相组合分类研究[J].林业科学,2000,36(2):40.
49.杨国志,张明方.2006.植物蔗糖代谢参与酶的表达及调控[J],北方园艺,(5):45-47.
50.杨国志,张明方.2006.植物蔗糖代谢参与酶的表达及调控[J],北方园艺,(5):45-47.
51.杨恒,魏安智,杨途熙,张睿,撒文清.2002.开心果的生物学特性及主要品种简述[J],(4): 54-56.
52.杨秀英,王书林.2008.蒽酮—硫酸比色法测定枇杷叶中可溶性多糖的含量[J],亚太传统医药,4(8)26-27.
53.于惠敏.1999.植物韧皮部载运机制的研究[J],山东教育学院学报,(2):63-64.
54.余仲东,张刚龙.2003.开心果栽培研究进展[J],陕西林业科技,(1):76-77.
55.张成林,彭海田.1997.天然次生白桦木质部及韧皮部营养元素含量的分布及动态特性[J],林业科技,22(6)18-20.
56.张福春.气候变化对中国木本植物物候的可能影响[J].地理学报,1995,50(5):403-408.
57.张基德,李玉梅,陈艳秋,李莉.2004.梨品种枝条可溶性糖、脯氮酸含量变化规律与抗寒性的关系[J],延边大学农学学报,26(4):281-285.
58.张艳青,李献明,周如久,路丙社,缴丽莉,步绍振.2007.阿月浑子花粉萌发及贮藏特性研究[J],河北农业大学学报,30(3)41-47.
59.赵江涛,李晓峰,李航,徐睿态.2006.可溶性糖在高等植物代谢调节中的生理作用[J],安徽农业科学,34(24):6423-6425,6427.
60.赵黎明,郑殿峰.2008.不同植物生长调节剂对大豆叶片保护酶活性及同化物代谢的影响[J],华北农学报,23(3):106-111.
61.周如久,倪志云,路丙社等.2006.阿月浑子花序生长和花期物候学研究[J],西北植物学报,26(8):1579-1583.
62.AK-BE,Fergusou L,Ksester D.1998.Effects of different Pistacia species pollen on fruit dimension and weight in the Siirt cultivar.Acta Horticulturae(470):294-299
63.Banerjee,S.,and S.E.Law,1995:Characterization of chargeability of biological particulates by triboelectrification.IEEE/IAS Conf.2,1295-1301.
64.Bechar,A.,1996:Pollen deposition in electrostatic field(in Hebrew).MSc Thesis.The Faculty of Agricultural Engineering,The Tech-nion-Israel Institute of Technology,Haifa,Israel.
65.Bechar,A.,I.Shmulevich,D.Eisikowitch,Y.Vaknin,B.Ronen,and S.Gan-Mor,1999:Simulation and testing of an electrostatic pollination system.Trans.ASAE 42,1511-1516.
66.Bright,A.W.,R.P.Corbett,and J.F.Hughes,1978:Electrostatics-Electrostatic Engineering Design Guide No.30.Oxford Univ.Press,Oxford.
67.Crane,J.C.,1973:Parthenocarpy-a factor contributing to the production of blank pistachios.HortScience 8,388-390.
68.Frank M,Chmielewski,Thomas R.Response of tree phenology to climate change across Europe [J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2001,108(2):101-112.
69.Free,J.B.,1993:Insect Pollination of Crops.Academic Press,London.
70.Hanninen H.Modelling bud dormancy release in trees from cool and temperate regions[J].Acta For.Fenn.,1991,3:1-47.
71.Hopping,M.E and E.M.Jerram,1980b:Supplementary pollination of tree fruits.II.Field trials on kiwifruit and Japanese plums.NZ.J.Agric.Res.23,517-521.
72.Hopping,M.E.,and E.M.Jerram,1980a:Supplementary pollination of tree fruits.I.Development of suspension media.NZ.J.Agric.Res.23,517-521.
73.Hormaza,J.L,and M.Herrero,1998:Pollen effects on fruit and seed characteristics in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.).Ann.J.Appl.Biol.132.357-364.
74.Jouni P,Veikko K,Heikki H.Effect of photoperiod and temperature on the timing of bud burst in Norway spruce(Picea abies)[J].Tree Physiology,1998,18(11):811-816.
75.Law,S.E.,and S.C.Cooper,1989:Target grounding requirements for electrostatic deposition of pesticide sprays. Trans. ASAE 32, 1169-1172.
76.McCVregor S. E. 1976: Insect Pollination of Cultivated Crop Plants. Agriculture Research Service,USDA, Washington DC.
77.Michalides T J, Morgan D P, Grant J A, et al. 1992. Shorter sprinkler irrigation reduce Botryos-phaeria blight of pistachio. Calif Agric, 46(6):28-32
78.Michalides T J, Morgan D P. 1994. Occurrence of Sclerntinia and Botrytis shoot blights on pistachio in California. Plant Dis. 78(6): 641
79.Michalides TJ. 1991. Pathngenicity, distribution, sources of inoculums and infection courts of Botryosphaeria dothidea on pistachio. Physiopathology, 81(5): 566-573
80.Romberg, L. D., and C. L. Smith, 1950: Progress report on the breeding of new pecan varieties.Proc. Tex. Pecan Grow. Assoc. 29, 12-21.
81.RosecranceRC, WeinbaumSA, BrownPH, et al. 1996. Assessment of nitrogen, phosphorus,and potassium uptake capacity and root growth in mature alternate bearing pistachio trees. Tree Physiology, 16: 11-12, 949-956
82.Sedgley, M., and A. R. Griffin, 1989: Sexual Reproduction of Tree Crops. Academic Press,London.
83.Snyder R L, Spano D, Duce P, et al. Temperature data for phonological models[J].Int.J.Biometeorol., 2001, 45(4): 178-183.
84.SparksTH, Carey P D. The responses of species to climate over two centuries: an analysis of the Marsham phenological record, 1736-1947. Journal of Ecology, 1995, 83: 321-329.
85.Vaknin, Y, and D. Eisikowitch, 2000: Effects of short-term stor- age on germinability of pistachio pollen. Plant Breeding 119, 347-350.
86.Vaknin, Y., S. Gan-Mor, A. Bechar, B. Ronen, and D. Eisikowitch, 2001: Improving pollination of almond (Amrgdalus communis L., Rosaceae) using electrostatic techniques. J. Horticult. Sci.Biotech- nol. 76,208-212.
87.Vergara B S, ChangTT. The flowering response of the rice plant to photoperiod [M]. 4th edn. IRRI,Los Baons, 1985.61.
88.Y Vaknin, S. Gan-Mor, A. Bechar, 2002: Effects of supplementary pollination on cropping success and fruit quality in pistachio. Plant Breeding 121, 451-455.
89.Young, H. J., and T. P. Young, 1992: Alternative outcomes of natural and experimental high pollen loads. Ecology. 73, 639-647.
90.ZHANG Xin-bo, REN Jian-ru, ZHANG Dan-er. Phenological observations on Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr in primary seed orchard [J]. Journal ofForestry Research, 2001, 12(3):201-204.