事务性服务组合及协同并发控制研究
|
摘要
近年来,随着网格计算、云计算技术在新一代大规模互联网应用的发展和推进,以及云计算三大服务计算模式基础设施即服务(IaaS)、平台即服务(PaaS)和软件即服务(SaaS)的广泛成功应用表明,Web服务技术是当前主流分布式应用中的重要支柱之一,得到业界高度重视。尤其随着网络用户需求的增长,通过快速集成寄存在网络层上的已有Web服务成组合成新的增值服务,已成为学术界和工业界广泛追求的目标。
然而,由于Internet环境的不稳定性和复杂性,确保组合服务事务的正确性和一致性已成为组合服务能否得到正确执行的关键难题之一。由于具有事务特性的Web服务具有自治性、分布性、异构性、和长期运行等固有特性,传统的事务处理很难移植到事务性Web服务组合环境中。尽管现有业界提出了一些Web服务环境下的事务组合及控制,仍然存在诸多方面的挑战。本文从QoS感知的事务性服务组合和事务性组合服务协同并发控制方面开展了的研究工作,主要贡献包括以下几个方面：
(1)研究了传统事务模型、现有的Web服务事务协同规范：首先分别给出这些模型所存在的优缺点,指出传统的事务处理很难应用到Web服务环境,并介绍了当前国际上关于Web服务事务协同规范,以及这些规范所存在的一些问题。
(2)研究和提出了满足松散原子性和QoS端对端约束的优化服务组合方法：针对现有研究工作在同时考虑候选组合服务满足事务约束和QoS端对端约束的局限性,本文提出了满足松散原子性和QoS端对端约束的优化服务组合方法。为确保事务性组合服务的全局松散原子性,考虑Web服务的事务固有特性,提出了组构建规则和规约规则来为抽象组合服务构建其服务候选图模型；证明了该模型在满足事务松散原子性的完备性,进而将这一问题转化成单源最短路径的一变种问题。基于构建的服务候选图,给出了近似QoS优化的服务选择算法。实验表明,提出的组合方法在选择QoS全局效用值、选择成功率等方面要优于国际上现有类似方法。
(3)研究和提出了组成服务事务属性预先确定下的QoS优化服务组合方法：针对部分组合服务因其事务语义预先确定,导致其组成服务的事务属性也预先确定的应用情况,通过分析其抽象组合服务的历史执行日志,给出了支持任意嵌套事务性组合服务的扩展Petri网形式化建模,以及事务服务失败的恢复算法；随后给出了实际科学计算领域的应用案例——集合预报组合服务。结合应用案例分析,提出了针对组合服务中的每个组成服务之间相对重要性的评估方法；基于评估结果和候选服务在QoS可靠性维的分布,提出使用线性规划的方法优化确定抽象组成服务的局部可靠性维约束区间,进而支持风险驱动的QoS优化服务组合,实验表明,提出的组合方法能够有效降低组合服务的执行时间和组成服务发生失败而导致的平均损失。
(4)研究和提出了满足松散原子性下期望风险与全局QoS效用值平衡的QoS服务组合方法：针对事务性Web服务的长事务特征,一旦发生执行失败,为确保整个组合服务的全局松散原子性,将导致大量的连锁夭折问题,从而产生巨大的执行和恢复损失。为有效解决此问题,基于前面已构建的满足松散原子性实际候选图模型,平衡以增加候选路径的全局QoS效用值和减少期望的风险两大目标,提出一种基于一步回溯的QoS近优服务组合方法。实验结果表明,提出的组合方法能够降低事务性组合服务的因服务失败而导致的平均损失,并且能够获得较优的全局QoS效用值和执行时间性能。
(5)研究支持任意开放嵌套事务性组合服务并发协同机制：针对当前的Web服务事务协同规范只针对可补偿的Web服务协同问题,且并未具体给出事务性Web服务的并发协同机制。扩展当前国际Web服务协同规范,提出了一种新的支持分布异构特征的Web服务协同框架,并且给出了相应的扩展协同协议。基于该框架,给出了在隔离放松情况下服务并发执行时形式化相应定义,提出了服务执行完成操作的安全点规则、协同器过程执行关闭操作的安全点规则来确保事务并发执行的语义一致性；随后基于扩展协同框架和协同协议下,提出了分布式下服务并发控制机制中的几个相关算法：1.局部资源提供端,考虑服务提交损失风险的调度算法；2.分布式协同器下的服务提交风险评估算法；3.基于系统全局吞吐量和损失风险平衡的服务提交风险凭证分发控制策略。相比其它相关Web服务协同并发机制,该并发协同机制具有能支持任意层的开放嵌套事务性组合服务协同、Web服务事务属性异构特性,以及在给定吞吐量约束下减少并发执行过程中的连锁夭折损失风险等优点。
综上所述,本文的研究对具有事务特性的QoS服务组合和云计算、网格计算等环境下具有大规模特征Web服务的可靠执行等领域,具有重要的理论意义和实际应用价值。
In recent years, with development and advancement on the new generation of large-scale Internet applications, such as grid computing and cloud computing, especially where three service computing patterns including Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a service (PaaS), Software as a service (SaaS) have been applied successfully, demonstrates that the technology of web service has become one of the most important technologies in current main distributed applications. Especially, with growing demand for network users, how to quickly composite these existing single web services in Internet into one more complex add-value web service, becomes an important pursuing goal by both industry and academia.
However, due to instability and complexity in Internet environment, how to guarantee the correctness and consistency for a transactional composite web service, has become one of key challenging problems in web service composition arean. For the reason that a transactional web service has several inherent characteristics, including autonomy, distribution, heterogeneity, long running and so on, it's very difficult to migrate existing traditional methods on transaction process into web service environment. Although, there are several study work on transactional web service composition (TWSC) and concurrent control over TWSC, many challenges have to be addressed. In this paper, we focus on corresponding research work on TWSC, coordination and concurrent control for TWSC. The major contributions and innovations are summarized as follows.
(1) Studying related work involving aspects of traditional transaction model and transactional web service coordination specifications:First of all, we introduce advantages and disadvantages of these traditional transaction models. Then, we show that it's very difficult for these traditional transaction models to adapt into web service environment. Further, we give existing transactional coordination specifications of web services, on which corresponding unresolved problems have been also presented.
(2) Studying and presenting the approach of optimal web service composition under satisfying both constraint of relaxing atomicity and end-to-end QoS constraint. In the area of current research on QoS-aware web service composition, few of work study the problem of web service composition, considering both the two aspects including transaction constraints and QoS end to end constraints. To ensure relaxing atomic for any composite web service, we propose a group of building rules and reduction rules, which are used to build the service candidate graph (SCG) model for any abstract composite web service. Additionally, the correctness including both reliability and completeness for the model has also been proved. Thus, TWSC problem is transferred into one variant issue of solving the single source shortest path problem. Then we present one kind of near-optimal QoS-aware TWSC approach based on proposed SCG model. Finally, comprehensive experiments are conducted based on a real-world web service QoS dataset. The experimental results show that our approach has better performance over other competing selection approaches on success ratio and efficiency.
(3) Studying and presenting a method of QoS optimal web service composition on the basis of predetermining transaction properties of each constituted web service:In real application fields, it exists the situation that transaction semantics of an abstract composite web service, which cause to their constituted web services with invariant transactional properties. With analysing historical logs of execution for any abstract composite web service, we present an extended petri-net formalizing model to enable the proposed recovery algorithm. Meanwhile, our formalizing model can be support of any abstract composite web service with any level nested subtransactions. Afterwards, we give an application case of ensemble prediction to show the formailzing model. With the application case, we propose a method to evaluate relative importance for each constituted web service in an abstract composite web service. After that, we propose a linear planning method to determine local constraints for each constituted web service, which will enable the near optimal QoS web service composition. For the reason that we can decrease the scale of existing candidate paths by local constraints, our approach can obtain a better performance comparing to other methods. Finally, the experiments has been conducted to prove the outstanding performance for our approach.
(4) Under relaxed transaction atomicity, studying and presenting a new method of QoS service composition based on the trad-off between expected risk and global QoS utility:Due to the nature of long running web service, it will lead to large losses to guarantee global consistency of transactional composite web service, once a failure in the composite web service encountered. In order to address this problem, based the proposed SCG model built in section 3, we propose a backward searching-based near optimal web service composition approach, which regards two objectives including global QoS utility and expected risk value. The experiments show that, our approach can reduce average losses caused by failures for any abstract TCWS. Aditionally, the approach can own better performances on the global QoS utility and the running time.
(5) Studying concurrent coordination mechanism for TWCS with open multi-level nested transaction model:Due to existing coordination specifications of transactional web services are just only adapt to the web service with transactional property of compensatable, and they don't give details on how to control concurrent execution among transactional web services, we firtly extend to current web service specifications presented by international organizations such as OASIS etc., then present one new coordination framework for transactional web services. Furthermore, we present a corresponding web service coordination protocol. Based on the proposed framework, two security execution rules, such as the security rule for web service execution and the security for web service coordination to execute the operation of close, have been presented. Meanwhile, we give formal definition for our considering problem. Afterwards, we propose several distributed algorithms for our proposed concurrent control mechanism:1. We propose a web service schedule algorithm considering the risk of submitting single web service in each local provider of resource; 2. We present a risk evaluating algorithm in distributed environment; 3. Based on two objective involving both global throughout and failure risk, we propose a Distributed control strategy for each web service of executing completion operation. Comparing to other related concurrent control mechanism, our mechanism has several merits:Firstly, it can enable coordination for multi-level nested TCWS and support heterogeneous nature of web service. Secondly, it could decrease failure risk caused by cascading abort in concurrent execution among multi-TCWS.
然而,由于Internet环境的不稳定性和复杂性,确保组合服务事务的正确性和一致性已成为组合服务能否得到正确执行的关键难题之一。由于具有事务特性的Web服务具有自治性、分布性、异构性、和长期运行等固有特性,传统的事务处理很难移植到事务性Web服务组合环境中。尽管现有业界提出了一些Web服务环境下的事务组合及控制,仍然存在诸多方面的挑战。本文从QoS感知的事务性服务组合和事务性组合服务协同并发控制方面开展了的研究工作,主要贡献包括以下几个方面：
(1)研究了传统事务模型、现有的Web服务事务协同规范：首先分别给出这些模型所存在的优缺点,指出传统的事务处理很难应用到Web服务环境,并介绍了当前国际上关于Web服务事务协同规范,以及这些规范所存在的一些问题。
(2)研究和提出了满足松散原子性和QoS端对端约束的优化服务组合方法：针对现有研究工作在同时考虑候选组合服务满足事务约束和QoS端对端约束的局限性,本文提出了满足松散原子性和QoS端对端约束的优化服务组合方法。为确保事务性组合服务的全局松散原子性,考虑Web服务的事务固有特性,提出了组构建规则和规约规则来为抽象组合服务构建其服务候选图模型；证明了该模型在满足事务松散原子性的完备性,进而将这一问题转化成单源最短路径的一变种问题。基于构建的服务候选图,给出了近似QoS优化的服务选择算法。实验表明,提出的组合方法在选择QoS全局效用值、选择成功率等方面要优于国际上现有类似方法。
(3)研究和提出了组成服务事务属性预先确定下的QoS优化服务组合方法：针对部分组合服务因其事务语义预先确定,导致其组成服务的事务属性也预先确定的应用情况,通过分析其抽象组合服务的历史执行日志,给出了支持任意嵌套事务性组合服务的扩展Petri网形式化建模,以及事务服务失败的恢复算法；随后给出了实际科学计算领域的应用案例——集合预报组合服务。结合应用案例分析,提出了针对组合服务中的每个组成服务之间相对重要性的评估方法；基于评估结果和候选服务在QoS可靠性维的分布,提出使用线性规划的方法优化确定抽象组成服务的局部可靠性维约束区间,进而支持风险驱动的QoS优化服务组合,实验表明,提出的组合方法能够有效降低组合服务的执行时间和组成服务发生失败而导致的平均损失。
(4)研究和提出了满足松散原子性下期望风险与全局QoS效用值平衡的QoS服务组合方法：针对事务性Web服务的长事务特征,一旦发生执行失败,为确保整个组合服务的全局松散原子性,将导致大量的连锁夭折问题,从而产生巨大的执行和恢复损失。为有效解决此问题,基于前面已构建的满足松散原子性实际候选图模型,平衡以增加候选路径的全局QoS效用值和减少期望的风险两大目标,提出一种基于一步回溯的QoS近优服务组合方法。实验结果表明,提出的组合方法能够降低事务性组合服务的因服务失败而导致的平均损失,并且能够获得较优的全局QoS效用值和执行时间性能。
(5)研究支持任意开放嵌套事务性组合服务并发协同机制：针对当前的Web服务事务协同规范只针对可补偿的Web服务协同问题,且并未具体给出事务性Web服务的并发协同机制。扩展当前国际Web服务协同规范,提出了一种新的支持分布异构特征的Web服务协同框架,并且给出了相应的扩展协同协议。基于该框架,给出了在隔离放松情况下服务并发执行时形式化相应定义,提出了服务执行完成操作的安全点规则、协同器过程执行关闭操作的安全点规则来确保事务并发执行的语义一致性；随后基于扩展协同框架和协同协议下,提出了分布式下服务并发控制机制中的几个相关算法：1.局部资源提供端,考虑服务提交损失风险的调度算法；2.分布式协同器下的服务提交风险评估算法；3.基于系统全局吞吐量和损失风险平衡的服务提交风险凭证分发控制策略。相比其它相关Web服务协同并发机制,该并发协同机制具有能支持任意层的开放嵌套事务性组合服务协同、Web服务事务属性异构特性,以及在给定吞吐量约束下减少并发执行过程中的连锁夭折损失风险等优点。
综上所述,本文的研究对具有事务特性的QoS服务组合和云计算、网格计算等环境下具有大规模特征Web服务的可靠执行等领域,具有重要的理论意义和实际应用价值。
In recent years, with development and advancement on the new generation of large-scale Internet applications, such as grid computing and cloud computing, especially where three service computing patterns including Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a service (PaaS), Software as a service (SaaS) have been applied successfully, demonstrates that the technology of web service has become one of the most important technologies in current main distributed applications. Especially, with growing demand for network users, how to quickly composite these existing single web services in Internet into one more complex add-value web service, becomes an important pursuing goal by both industry and academia.
However, due to instability and complexity in Internet environment, how to guarantee the correctness and consistency for a transactional composite web service, has become one of key challenging problems in web service composition arean. For the reason that a transactional web service has several inherent characteristics, including autonomy, distribution, heterogeneity, long running and so on, it's very difficult to migrate existing traditional methods on transaction process into web service environment. Although, there are several study work on transactional web service composition (TWSC) and concurrent control over TWSC, many challenges have to be addressed. In this paper, we focus on corresponding research work on TWSC, coordination and concurrent control for TWSC. The major contributions and innovations are summarized as follows.
(1) Studying related work involving aspects of traditional transaction model and transactional web service coordination specifications:First of all, we introduce advantages and disadvantages of these traditional transaction models. Then, we show that it's very difficult for these traditional transaction models to adapt into web service environment. Further, we give existing transactional coordination specifications of web services, on which corresponding unresolved problems have been also presented.
(2) Studying and presenting the approach of optimal web service composition under satisfying both constraint of relaxing atomicity and end-to-end QoS constraint. In the area of current research on QoS-aware web service composition, few of work study the problem of web service composition, considering both the two aspects including transaction constraints and QoS end to end constraints. To ensure relaxing atomic for any composite web service, we propose a group of building rules and reduction rules, which are used to build the service candidate graph (SCG) model for any abstract composite web service. Additionally, the correctness including both reliability and completeness for the model has also been proved. Thus, TWSC problem is transferred into one variant issue of solving the single source shortest path problem. Then we present one kind of near-optimal QoS-aware TWSC approach based on proposed SCG model. Finally, comprehensive experiments are conducted based on a real-world web service QoS dataset. The experimental results show that our approach has better performance over other competing selection approaches on success ratio and efficiency.
(3) Studying and presenting a method of QoS optimal web service composition on the basis of predetermining transaction properties of each constituted web service:In real application fields, it exists the situation that transaction semantics of an abstract composite web service, which cause to their constituted web services with invariant transactional properties. With analysing historical logs of execution for any abstract composite web service, we present an extended petri-net formalizing model to enable the proposed recovery algorithm. Meanwhile, our formalizing model can be support of any abstract composite web service with any level nested subtransactions. Afterwards, we give an application case of ensemble prediction to show the formailzing model. With the application case, we propose a method to evaluate relative importance for each constituted web service in an abstract composite web service. After that, we propose a linear planning method to determine local constraints for each constituted web service, which will enable the near optimal QoS web service composition. For the reason that we can decrease the scale of existing candidate paths by local constraints, our approach can obtain a better performance comparing to other methods. Finally, the experiments has been conducted to prove the outstanding performance for our approach.
(4) Under relaxed transaction atomicity, studying and presenting a new method of QoS service composition based on the trad-off between expected risk and global QoS utility:Due to the nature of long running web service, it will lead to large losses to guarantee global consistency of transactional composite web service, once a failure in the composite web service encountered. In order to address this problem, based the proposed SCG model built in section 3, we propose a backward searching-based near optimal web service composition approach, which regards two objectives including global QoS utility and expected risk value. The experiments show that, our approach can reduce average losses caused by failures for any abstract TCWS. Aditionally, the approach can own better performances on the global QoS utility and the running time.
(5) Studying concurrent coordination mechanism for TWCS with open multi-level nested transaction model:Due to existing coordination specifications of transactional web services are just only adapt to the web service with transactional property of compensatable, and they don't give details on how to control concurrent execution among transactional web services, we firtly extend to current web service specifications presented by international organizations such as OASIS etc., then present one new coordination framework for transactional web services. Furthermore, we present a corresponding web service coordination protocol. Based on the proposed framework, two security execution rules, such as the security rule for web service execution and the security for web service coordination to execute the operation of close, have been presented. Meanwhile, we give formal definition for our considering problem. Afterwards, we propose several distributed algorithms for our proposed concurrent control mechanism:1. We propose a web service schedule algorithm considering the risk of submitting single web service in each local provider of resource; 2. We present a risk evaluating algorithm in distributed environment; 3. Based on two objective involving both global throughout and failure risk, we propose a Distributed control strategy for each web service of executing completion operation. Comparing to other related concurrent control mechanism, our mechanism has several merits:Firstly, it can enable coordination for multi-level nested TCWS and support heterogeneous nature of web service. Secondly, it could decrease failure risk caused by cascading abort in concurrent execution among multi-TCWS.
引文
[1]K. Stanoevska-Slabeva, T. Wozniak and S. Ristol. Grid and Cloud Computing: A Business Perspective on Technology and Applications[M]. Springer,2009.
[2]I. Foster. Globus Toolkit Version 4:Software for Service-Oriented Systems[C]. IFIP International Conference on Network and Parallel Computing,2005, 2-13.
[3]FOSTER,#160, Ian, CZAJKOWSKI, Karl, et al. Modeling and managing state in distributed systems:The role of OGSI and WSRF[M]. New York, NY, ETATS-UNIS:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,2005.
[4]T. Zang, W. Jie, T. Hung, Z. Lei, S. J. Turner, et al. An OGSI-compliant Grid Information Service-Its Architecture and Performance Study[C]. Proceedings of the High Performance Computing and Grid in Asia Pacific Region, Seventh International Conference,2004,63-71.
[5]G. Molt.ndez and J. M. Alonso. A service-oriented WSRF-based architecture for metascheduling on computational Grids[J]. Future Gener. Comput. Syst.,2008,24: 317-328.
[6]M. Armbrust, A. Fox, R. Griffith, A. D. Joseph, R. H. Katz, et al. Above the Clouds:A Berkeley View of Cloud Computing[R].2009.
[7]M. Armbrust, A. Fox, R. Griffith, A. D. Joseph, R. Katz, et al. A view of cloud computing[J]. Commun. ACM,2010,53:50-58.
[8]G. Huerta-Canepa and D. Lee. A virtual cloud computing provider for mobile devices[C]. San Francisco, California:Proceedings of the 1st ACM Workshop on Mobile Cloud Computing; Services:Social Networks and Beyond,2010,1-5.
[9]X. Gao, M. Lowe, Y. Ma and M. Pierce. Supporting Cloud Computing with the Virtual Block Store System[C]. Proceedings of the 2009 Fifth IEEE International Conference on e-Science,2009,208-215.
[10]J. Akhani, S. Chuadhary and G. Somani. Negotiation for resource allocation in IaaS cloud[C]. Bangalore, India:Proceedings of the Fourth Annual ACM Bangalore Conference,2011,1-7.
[11]K. Fransham, A. Agarwal, P. Armstrong, A. Bishop, A. Charbonneau, et al. Research computing in a distributed cloud environment[J]. Journal of Physics: Conference Series,2010,256:012003.
[12]Understanding SOA with Web Services:中文版[M].电子工业出版社, 2006.
[13]T. Erl. SOA Principles of Service Design[M]. Pearson Education,2007.
[14]M. P. Papazoglou, P. Traverso, S. Dustdar and F. Leymann. Service-Oriented Computing:State of the Art and Research Challenges[J]. Computer, 2007,40:38-45.
[15]S. Dustdar and W. Schreiner. A survey on web services composition[J]. Int. J. Web Grid Serv.,2005,1:1-30.
[16]M. Eid, A. Alamri and A. E. Saddik. A reference model for dynamic web service composition systems[J]. Int. J. Web Grid Serv.,2008,4:149-168.
[17]王立杰,邹艳珍,金靖,赵俊峰and谢冰.基于Internet的WebServices收集方法[J]. Journal of Frontiers of Computer Science and Technology,2011, 5:976-984.
[18]B. Medjahed, A. Bouguettaya and A. K. Elmagarmid. Composing Web services on the Semantic Web[J]. The VLDB Journal,2003,12:333-351.
[19]S. Mcilraith and T. C. Son. Adapting Golog for Composition of Semantic Web Services[C]. Toulouse, France:Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Knowledge Representation and Reasoning,2002,1-5.
[20]S. Narayanan and S. A. McIlraith. Simulation, verification and automated composition of web services[C]. Honolulu, Hawaii, USA:Proceedings of the 11th international conference on World Wide Web,2002,77-88.
[21]D. Wu, E. Sirin, J. Hendler and D. Nau. Automatic Web servicescomposition using SHOP2[C]. Trento,Italy:In Workshop on Planning for Web Services,2003,21-25.
[22]F. Casati, S. Ilnicki, L.-j. Jin, V. Krishnamoorthy and M.-C. Shan. Adaptive and Dynamic Service Composition in eFlow[C]. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering,2000,13-31.
[23]T. W. Tewoldeberhan, A. Verbraeck and S. S. Msanjila. Simulating process orchestrations in business networks:a case using BPEL4WS[C]. Xi'an, China: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Electronic commerce,2005, 471-477.
[24]F. Curbera, R. Khalaf, F. Leymann and S. Weerawarana. Exception handling in the BPEL4WS language[C]. Eindhoven, The Netherlands:Proceedings of the 2003 international conference on Business process management,2003,276-290.
[25]T. Yu, Y. Zhang and K.-J. Lin. Efficient algorithms for Web services selection with end-to-end QoS constraints[J]. ACM Trans. Web,2007,1:6.
[26]M. R. Gholamian, S. M. T. F. Ghomi and M. Ghazanfari. A hybrid system for multiobjective problems-A case study in NP-hard problems[J]. Know.-Based Syst., 2007,20:426-436.
[27]L. Zeng, B. Benatallah, A. H. H. Ngu, M. Dumas, J. Kalagnanam, et al. QoS-Aware Middleware for Web Services Composition[J]. IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng., 2004,30:311-327.
[28]M. Alrifai and T. Risse. Combining global optimization with local selection for efficient QoS-aware service composition[C]. Madrid, Spain:Proceedings of the 18th international conference on World wide web,2009,881-890.
[29]M. Alrifai, D. Skoutas and T. Risse. Selecting skyline services for QoS-based web service composition[C]. Raleigh, North Carolina, USA:Proceedings of the 19th international conference on World wide web,2010,11-20.
[30]S. K. Shil. An Approach to Solve MMKP:Using Genetic Algorithm Basic, Solving Procedure and Discussion[M]. LAP Lambert Academic Publishing,2010.
[31]I. Saleh, G. Kulczycki and M. B. Blake. Formal Specification and Verification of Transactional Service Composition[C]. Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE World Congress on Services,2011,474-481.
[32]S. Bhiri, O. Perrin and C. Godart. Ensuring required failure atomicity of composite Web services[C]. Chiba, Japan:Proceedings of the 14th international conference on World Wide Web,2005,138-147.
[33]A.-B. Arntsen, M. Mortensen, R. Karlsen, A. Andersen and A. Munch-Ellingsen. Flexible transaction processing in the Argos middleware[C]. Nantes, France:Proceedings of the 2008 EDBT workshop on Software engineering for tailor-made data management,2008,12-17.
[34]N. B. Lakhal, T. Kobayashi and H. Yokota. FENECIA:failure endurable nested-transaction based execution of composite Web services with incorporated state analysis[J]. The VLDB Journal,2009,18:1-56.
[35]Y. Cardinale, J. E. Haddad, M. Manouvrier and M. Rukoz. CPN-TWS:a coloured petri-net approach for transactional-QoS driven Web Service composition[J]. Int. J. Web Grid Serv.,2011,7:91-115.
[36]J. E. Hadad, M. Manouvrier and M. Rukoz. TQoS:Transactional and QoS-Aware Selection Algorithm for Automatic Web Service Composition[J]. IEEE Trans. Serv. Comput.,2010,3:73-85.
[37]J. E. Haddad, M. Manouvrier, G. Ramirez and M. Rukoz. QoS-Driven Selection of Web Services for Transactional Composition[C]. Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE International Conference on Web Services,2008,653-660.
[38]S. Rosario, C. Rennes, B. Atlantique, A. Benveniste, C. Rennes, et al. Flexible Probabilistic QoS Management Of Transaction Based Web Services Orchestrations[C]. Los Angeles, CA IEEE International Conference on Web Service, 2009,107-114.
[39]S. Bhiri, O. Perrin and C. Godart. Extending workflow patterns with transactional dependencies to define reliable composite web services[C].Proceedings of the adavanced international Conference on Telecommunications and International Conference on Internet and Web Applications and Services (AICT/ICIW 2006),2006.
[40]C. Ye, S. C. Cheung, W. K. Chan and C. Xu. Detection and resolution of atomicity violation in service composition[C]. Dubrovnik, Croatia:Proceedings of the the 6th joint meeting of the European software engineering conference and the ACM SIGSOFT symposium on The foundations of software engineering,2007,235-244.
[41]K. Rajaram, A. Adiththan and C. Babu. Tx-policy:transactional policies for reliable web service composition[C]. Mumbai, Maharashtra, India:Proceedings of the International Conference & Workshop on Emerging Trends in Technology,2011, 738-743.
[42]E. K. Ozorhan, E. K. Kuban and N. K. Cicekli. Automated composition of web services with the abductive event calculus[J]. Inf. Sci.,2010,180:3589-3613.
[43]朱锐,郭长国and王怀民.一种基于补偿代价的长事务调度算法[J].软件学报,2009,20：744-753.
[44]R. Casado, J. Tuya and M. Younas. Testing Long-Lived Web Services Transactions Using a Risk-Based Approach[C]. Proceedings of the 2010 10th International Conference on Quality Software,2010,337-340.
[45]R. Casado, J. Tuya and M. Younas. A Framework to Test Advanced Web Services Transactions[C]. Proceedings of the 2011 Fourth IEEE International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation,2011,443-446.
[46]T. Wang, J. Vonk, B. Kratz and P. Grefen. A survey on the history of transaction management:from flat to grid transactions[J]. Distrib. Parallel Databases, 2008,23:235-270.
[47]M. Younas, B. Eaglestone and R. Holton. A Review of Multidatabase Transactions on The Web:From the ACID to the SACReD[C]. Proceedings of the 17th British National Conferenc on Databases:Advances in Databases,2000,140-152.
[48]J.-O. Larsen and P. Lago. Transaction Technology for Process Modelling[C]. Proceedings of the 4th European Workshop on Software Process Technology,1995,214-219.
[49]A. K. Elmagarmid, Y. Leu, J. G. Mullen and O. Bukhres. Introduction to advanced transaction models[M]. Database transaction models for advanced applications, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc.,1992:33-52.
[50]I. Ray. An advanced transaction model with application to multilevel secure systems[D].1998.
[51]K. Srinivasan, P. G. Malu and G. Moakley. Automatic Multibusiness Transactions[J]. IEEE Internet Computing,2003,7:66-73.
[52]D. Liang and S. K. Tripathi. Performance Analysis of Long-Lived Transaction Processing Systems with Rollbacks and Aborts[J]. IEEE Trans. on Knowl. and Data Eng.,1996,8:802-815.
[53]L. V. Mancini, I. Ray, S. Jajodia and E. Bertino. Flexible Transaction Dependencies in Database Systems[J]. Distrib. Parallel Databases,2000,8:399-446.
[54]E. Bertino, B. Catania and E. Ferrari. A nested transaction model for multilevel secure database management systems[J]. ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. Secur.,2001, 4:321-370.
[55]C. Beeri, P. A. Bernstein and N. Goodman. A model for concurrency in nested transactions systems[J]. J. ACM,1989,36:230-269.
[56]F. M. A. Silva and S. Krause. A Distributed Transaction Model based on Mobile Agents[C]. Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Mobile Agents, 1997,198-209.
[57]G. Martella, B. Pernici and F. A. Schreiber. An Availability Model for Distributed Transaction Systems[J]. IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng.,1985,11:483-491.
[58]S. Tai and I. Rouvellou. Strategies for integrating messaging and distributed object transactions[C]. New York, New York, United States:IFIP/ACM International Conference on Distributed systems platforms,2000,308-330.
[59]L. D. Molesky and K. Ramamritham. Multi-Node Multi-Level Transactions[R].1994.
[60]S. K. Madria, S. N. Maheshwari, B. chandra and B. Bhargava. An open and safe nested transaction model:concurrency and recovery [J]. J. Syst. Softw.,2000, 55:151-165.
[61]H. Schuldt, G. Alonso, C. Beeri and H.-J. Schek. atomicity and consistency for transactional processes[J]. ACM Transaction on database systems,2002, 27:1-52.
[62]P. Grefen, J. Vonk and P. Apers. Global transaction support for workflow management systems:from formal specification to practical implementation[J]. The VLDB Journal,2001,10:316-333.
[63]K. Alho, H. Peltonen, M. Mantyla and R. Sulonen. A design data manager[C]. Chicago, Illinois, United States:Proceedings of the 1988 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data,1988,202-202.
[64]H. G. Molina and K. Salem. Sagas[J]. SIGMOD Rec.,1987,16:249-259.
[65]M. Saheb, R. Karoui, S. Sedillot and dillot. Open Nested Transaction:A Support for Increasing Performance and Multi-tier Applications[C]. Selected papers from the Eight International Workshop on Foundations of Models and Languages for Data and Objects, Transactions and Database Dynamics,2000,167-192.
[66]G. Weikum and C. Hasse. Multi-level transaction management for complex objects:implementation, performance, parallelism[J]. The VLDB Journal, 1993,2:407-454.
[67]任怡.分布异构环境中事务工作流技术的研究[D].博士论文.长沙：国防科技大学,2005：1-113.
[68]J. Puustjarvi. Using advanced transaction and workflow models in composing web services[C]. Phuket, Thailand:Proceedings of the third conference on IASTED International Conference:Advances in Computer Science and Technology, 2007,58-63.
[69]J. Vonk and P. Grefen. Cross-Organizational Transaction Support for E-Services in Virtual Enterprises [J]. Distrib. Parallel Databases,2003,14:137-172.
[70]Q. Chen and U. Dayal. A Transactional Nested Process Management System[C]. Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on Data Engineering, 1996,566-573.
[71]D. Quartel, Lu\,\#237, s. F. Pires and M. v. Sinderen. On Architectural Support For Behaviour Refinement In Distributed Systems Design[J]. J. Integr. Des. Process Sci.,2002,6:1-30.
[72]M.-C. Fauvet, H. Duarte, M. Dumas and B. Benatallah. Handling Transactional Properties in Web Service Composition[C].New York,USA:6th International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering,2005,273-289.
[73]R. Jimenez-Peris, M. Patino-Martinez, G. Alonso and S. Arvalo. A Low-Latency Non-blocking Commit Service[C]. Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Distributed Computing,2001,93-107.
[74]B. A. Choudry and J. Cao. Coordinating business web services[C]. Paris, France:Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications & Services,2010,91-97.
[75]F. H. Vogt, S. Zambrovski, B. Gruschko, P. Furniss and A. Green. Implementing Web Service Protocols in SOA:WS-Coordination and WS-BusinessActivity[C]. unich, Germany Seventh IEEE International Conference on E-Commerce Technology Workshops,2005,21-28.
[76]M. Little. WS-CAF:contexts, coordination and transactions for web services[C]. Vilamoura, Portugal:Proceedings of the 2007 OTM Confederated international conference on On the move to meaningful internet systems:CoopIS, DOA, ODBASE, GAD A, and IS-Volume Part Ⅰ,2007,439-453.
[77]M. Chnini and N. Lumineau. An approach for business transaction management[C]. France:Proceedings of the International Conference on Management of Emergent Digital EcoSystems,2009,466-470.
[78]D. Ching. Business transaction assurance in business service networks[C]. Hong Kong:Proceedings of the IEEE EEE05 international workshop on Business services networks,2005,9-9.
[79]H. Sun. Quantifiable non-functional requirements modeling and static verification for web service compositions[M]. Iowa State University,2010.
[80]J. J.-W. Yoo, S. Kumara, D. Lee and S.-C. Oh. A Web Service Composition Framework Using Integer Programming with Non-functional Objectives and Constraints[C]. Proceedings of the 2008 10th IEEE Conference on E-Commerce Technology and the Fifth IEEE Conference on Enterprise Computing, E-Commerce and E-Services,2008,347-350.
[81]H. Rahmani, G. GhasemSani and H. Abolhassani. Automatic Web Service Composition Considering User Non-functional Preferences[C]. Proceedings of the 2008 4th International Conference on Next Generation Web Services Practices,2008,33-38.
[82]B. Schmeling, A. Charfi and M. Mezini. Composing Non-functional Concerns in Composite Web Services[C]. Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE International Conference on Web Services,2011,331-338.
[83]K. Yang, A. Galis and H.-H. Chen. QoS-Aware Service Selection Algorithms for Pervasive Service Composition in Mobile Wireless Environments[J]. Mob. Netw. Appl.,2010,15:488-501.
[84]N. B. Mabrouk, S. Beauche, E. Kuznetsova, N. Georgantas, Val\, et al. QoS-aware service composition in dynamic service oriented environments[C]. Urbanna, Illinois:Proceedings of the 10th ACM/IFIP/USENIX International Conference on Middleware,2009,1-20.
[85]D. A.Menasce and G. Mason. Composing Web Services:A QoS View[J]. IEEE Internet Computing,2004,89-91.
[86]L. Zeng, B. Benatallah and M. Dumas. Quality Driven Web Services Composition[C]. Budapest, Hungary:ACM WWW 2003,2003.
[87]L. Zeng, B. Benatallah, A. H.H.Ngu and m. Dumas. QoS-Aware Middleware for Web Services Composition[J]. IEEE TRANSACTION ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING,2004,30:311-327.
[88]M. Ryan. Constraint-Based Multi-agent Path Planning[C]. Auckland, New Zealand:Proceedings of the 21st Australasian Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence:Advances in Artificial Intelligence,2008,116-127.
[89]N. Kokash and V. D'Andrea. Evaluating quality of web services:a risk-driven approach[C]. Poznan, Poland:Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Business information systems,2007,180-194.
[90]朱锐.可信服务组合若干关键技术研究[D].国防科技大学.长沙：计算机科学与技术,2009：1-126.
[91]任怡,吴泉源,戴华东and吴庆波.一种基于QoS的事务工作流并发调度算法[J].电子学报,2007,35：621-628.
[92]X. Ye and Y. Chen. Concurrency Control for Transactional Composite Services[C]. Proceedings of the 2009 Congress on Services-Ⅰ,2009,781-788.
[93]M. Alrifai, P. Dolog and W. Nejdl. Transactions Concurrency Control in Web Service Environment[C]. Proceedings of the European Conference on Web Services,2006,109-118.
[94]I. Budak, Arpinar, U. Halici, S. Arpinar and A. Dogac. Formalization of Workflows and Correctness Issues in the Presence of Concurrency[J]. Distrib. Parallel Databases,1999,7:199-248.
[95]H. Schuldt. Process locking:a protocol based on ordered shared locks for the execution of transactional processes[C]. Santa Barbara, California, United States: Proceedings of the twentieth ACM SIGMOD-SIGACT-SIGART symposium on Principles of database systems,2001,289-300.
[96]F. Tang, M. Li, M. Guo, Z. Qi, Y. Wang, et al. Transaction Management for Grid Workflow Applications[C]. Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Grid and Cooperative Computing,2007,705-712.
[97]M. Alrifai, P. Dolog, W.-T. Balke and W. Nejdl. Distributed Management of Concurrent Web Service Transactions[J]. IEEE Transaction on Service Computing, 2009.
[98]J. E. Haddad, M. Manouvrier and M. Rukoz. A Hierarchical Model for TransactionalWeb Service Composition in P2P Networks[C].Salt Lake City, Utah, USA IEEE International Conference on Web Services,2007,346-353.
[99]P. Kangsabanik, D. S. Yadav, R. Mall and A. K. Majumdar. Performance analysis of long-lived cooperative transactions in active DBMS[J]. Data Knowl. Eng., 2007,62:547-577.
[100]Y.-s. Luo, Y. Qi, D. Hou, L.-f. Shen, Y. Chen, et al. A novel heuristic algorithm for QoS-aware end-to-end service composition[J]. Comput. Commun.,2011, 34:1137-1144.
[101]Y. Tao, Z. Yue and K.-J. Lin. Efficient Algorithms for Web Services Selection with End-to-End QoS Constraints[J]. ACM Transaction on Web,2007,1.
[102]U. Yildiz, A. Guabtni and A. H. H. Ngu. Towards scientific workflow patterns[C]. Portland, Oregon:Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Workflows in Support of Large-Scale Science,2009,1-10.
[103]Z. Luo, A. Sheth, K. Kouchut and B. Arpinar. Exception Handling for Conflict Resolution in Cross-OrganizationalWorkflows[J]. Distrib Parallel Databases, 2003,2003:271-306.
[104]L. Hai. A Risk-driven Selection Approach for Transactional Web Service Composition[C].GCC,2009.
[105]J. Puustjarvi. The reliability of web services atomic commitment protocols[C]. Paris, France:Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications & Services,2010,19-24.
[106]A. P. Ravn, J. Srba and S. Vighio. Modelling and verification of web services business activity protocol[C]. Saarbrcken, Germany:Proceedings of the 17th international conference on Tools and algorithms for the construction and analysis of systems:part of the joint European conferences on theory and practice of software,2011, 357-371.
[107]岳超源.决策理论与方法[M].北京：科学出版社,2003：1-446.
[108]B. A. Choudry, P. Bertok and J. Cao. Cost based web services transaction management[J]. Int. J. Web Grid Serv.,2006,2:198-220.
[109]刘海,贾雄,刘永柱,张卫民and杨学胜.GoS下集合预报网格工作流程系统设计与实现[J].华中科技大学学报,2009,38：1-5.
[110]J. M. Munoz-F err eras and F. Perez-Martinez. Superresolution versus motion compensation-based techniques for radar imaging defense applications[J]. EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process,2010,2010:1-9.
[111]H. Liu, K. Ren, W. Zhang and j. Chen. Risk Evaluation-based Selection Approach for Transactional Services Composition[M]. Cloud Computing and Software Services:Theory and Practice, CRC Press,2010:409-430.
[112]K. Ren, N. Xiao, J. Chen and J. Song. A Reverse Order-Based QoS Constraint Correction Approach for Optimizing Execution Path for Service Composition[C]. Monterrey, Mexico:Proceedings of the OTM Confederated International Workshops and Posters on On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems: 2008 Workshops:ADI, AWeSoMe, COMBEK, EI2N, IWSSA, MONET, OnToContent +QSI, ORM, PerSys, RDDS, SEMELS, and SWWS,2008,29-30.
[113]M. D. Penta, R. Esposito, M. L. Villani, R. Codato, M. Colombo, et al. WS Binder:a framework to enable dynamic binding of composite web services[C]. Shanghai, China:Proceedings of the 2006 international workshop on Service-oriented software engineering,2006,74-80.
[114]R. E. Bixby, M. Fenelon, Z. Gu, E. Rothberg and R. Wunderling. MIP: Theory and Practice-Closing the Gap [M]. System Modelling and Optimization,1999: 19-52.
[115]E. Danna, M. Fenelon, Z. Gu and R. Wunderling. Generating Multiple Solutions for Mixed Integer Programming Problems[C].IPCO 2007,2007,280-294.
[116]H. Q. Yu and S. Reiff-Marganiec. A Backwards Composition Context Based Service Selection Approach for Service Composition[C].IEEE International Conference on Services Computing,2009.
[117]J. Cardoso, A. Sheth, J. Miller, J. Arnold and K. Kochut. Quality of Service for Workflows and Web Service Processes[J]. Journal of Web Semantics,2004, 1:281-308.
[118]M. Alrifai and T. Risse. Combining Global Optimization with Local Selection for Efficient QoS-aware Service Composition[C]. ACM WWW 2009,2009.
[119]W. Li and A. Mozes. Computing frequent itemsets inside oracle 10G[C]. Toronto, Canada:Proceedings of the Thirtieth international conference on Very large data bases-Volume 30,2004,1253-1256.
[120]M. Schafer, P. Dolog and W. Nejdl. An environment for flexible advanced compensations of Web service transactions[J]. ACM Trans. Web,2008,2:1-36.
[121]Z. Maamar, N. C. Narendra, D. Benslimane and S. Subramanian. Policies for context-driven transactional web services[C]. Trondheim, Norway:Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Advanced information systems engineering,2007, 249-263.
[122]S. Stein, T. R. Payne and N. R. Jennings. Flexible provisioning of web service workflows[J]. ACM Trans. Internet Technol.,2009,9:1-45.
[123]A. Liu, H. Liu, Q. Li, L.-S. Huang and M.-J. Xiao. Constraints-Aware Scheduling for Transactional Services Composition[J]. Journal of Computer Science and Technology,2009,24:638-651.
[124]E. Al-Masri and Q. H. Mahmoud. Toward Quality-Driven Web Service Discovery[J]. IT Professional,2008,10:24-28.
[125]E. Al-Masri and Q. H. Mahmoud. Investigating web services on the world wide web[C]. Beijing, China:Proceeding of the 17th international conference on World Wide Web,2008,795-804.
[126]I. Sal eh, G. Kulczycki and M. B. Blake. Specification and verification of web services transactions[C]. Indianapolis, Indiana:Proceedings of the Fourth SIGMOD PhD Workshop on Innovative Database Research,2010,37-42.
[127]Transaction Management in Service-Oriented Systems:Requirements and a Proposal[J]. IEEE Transaction on Service Computing,2011,4:167-180.
[128]P. Greenfield, A. Fekete, J. Jang and D. Kuo. Compensation is Not Enough[C]. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Enterprise Distributed Object Computing,2003,232.
[129]M. Alrifai and P. Dolog. Transactions Concurrency Control in Web Service Environment[C].The European Conference on Web Services (ECOWS),2006,
[130]M. Alrifai, W.-T. Balke, P. Dolog and W. Nejdl. Nonblocking Scheduling for Web Service Transactions[C].2007.
[131]李红臣,史美林and陈信详.事务工作流的并发控制算法[J].软件学报,2001,12：1-9.
[132]Z. Zongtao, L. Li, D. Xiaoning, W. Jun and Z. Hua. Concurrency Control for Transactional Internetware Applications under Relaxed Isolation[J]. Journal of Frontiers of Computer Science and Technology,2008,02:5-13.
[133]C. Turker, K. Haller, C. Schuler and H.-J. Schek. How can we support Grid Transactions? Towards Peer-to-Peer Transaction Processing[C]. Second Biennial Conference on Innovative Data Systems Research (CIDR),2005,174-185.
[134]A. Guabtni, F. Charoy and C. Godart. Concurrency Management in Transactional Web Services Coordination[C].DEXA,2006,592-601.
[135]F. Tang, M. Li and M. Guo. A transactional grid workflow service for ShanghaiGrid[J]. Int. J. Web Grid Serv.,2007,3:424-446.
[136]L. Acciai, M. Boreale and S. D. Zilio. A concurrent calculus with atomic transactions[C]. Braga, Portugal:Proceedings of the 16th European conference on Programming,2007,48-63.
[137]V. C. S. Lee, K.-w. Lam and S.-L. Hung. Concurrency Control for Mixed Transactions in Real-Time Databases[J]. IEEE Trans. Comput.,2002,51:821-834.
[138]Q. Zhang, S. Sui and J. Li. Research and Realization of Transaction Concurrency Control in Grid Database[C]. Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Grid and Cooperative Computing,2007,168-172.
[139]K. Haller, H. Schuldt and C. Turker. Decentralized coordination of transactional processes in peer-to-peer environments[C]. Bremen, Germany: Proceedings of the 14th ACM international conference on Information and knowledge management,2005,28-35.
[140]K. Haller, H. Schuldt and C. Turker. Decentralized Coordination of Transactional Processes in PeertoPeer Environments[C]. Bremen, Germany Proceedings of the 14th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, 2005,36-43.
[141]R. Al-Khannak and L. Ye. Integrating grid computing technology for developing power systems reliability and efficiency[C]. Heraklion, Greece:Proceedings of the 12th WSEAS international conference on Systems,2008,491-497.
[142]R. F. Freund and T. C. Braun. Production Throughout as a High-performance Computing Meta-task[C]. Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications-Volume 3,2002,1134-1140.
[2]I. Foster. Globus Toolkit Version 4:Software for Service-Oriented Systems[C]. IFIP International Conference on Network and Parallel Computing,2005, 2-13.
[3]FOSTER,#160, Ian, CZAJKOWSKI, Karl, et al. Modeling and managing state in distributed systems:The role of OGSI and WSRF[M]. New York, NY, ETATS-UNIS:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,2005.
[4]T. Zang, W. Jie, T. Hung, Z. Lei, S. J. Turner, et al. An OGSI-compliant Grid Information Service-Its Architecture and Performance Study[C]. Proceedings of the High Performance Computing and Grid in Asia Pacific Region, Seventh International Conference,2004,63-71.
[5]G. Molt.ndez and J. M. Alonso. A service-oriented WSRF-based architecture for metascheduling on computational Grids[J]. Future Gener. Comput. Syst.,2008,24: 317-328.
[6]M. Armbrust, A. Fox, R. Griffith, A. D. Joseph, R. H. Katz, et al. Above the Clouds:A Berkeley View of Cloud Computing[R].2009.
[7]M. Armbrust, A. Fox, R. Griffith, A. D. Joseph, R. Katz, et al. A view of cloud computing[J]. Commun. ACM,2010,53:50-58.
[8]G. Huerta-Canepa and D. Lee. A virtual cloud computing provider for mobile devices[C]. San Francisco, California:Proceedings of the 1st ACM Workshop on Mobile Cloud Computing; Services:Social Networks and Beyond,2010,1-5.
[9]X. Gao, M. Lowe, Y. Ma and M. Pierce. Supporting Cloud Computing with the Virtual Block Store System[C]. Proceedings of the 2009 Fifth IEEE International Conference on e-Science,2009,208-215.
[10]J. Akhani, S. Chuadhary and G. Somani. Negotiation for resource allocation in IaaS cloud[C]. Bangalore, India:Proceedings of the Fourth Annual ACM Bangalore Conference,2011,1-7.
[11]K. Fransham, A. Agarwal, P. Armstrong, A. Bishop, A. Charbonneau, et al. Research computing in a distributed cloud environment[J]. Journal of Physics: Conference Series,2010,256:012003.
[12]Understanding SOA with Web Services:中文版[M].电子工业出版社, 2006.
[13]T. Erl. SOA Principles of Service Design[M]. Pearson Education,2007.
[14]M. P. Papazoglou, P. Traverso, S. Dustdar and F. Leymann. Service-Oriented Computing:State of the Art and Research Challenges[J]. Computer, 2007,40:38-45.
[15]S. Dustdar and W. Schreiner. A survey on web services composition[J]. Int. J. Web Grid Serv.,2005,1:1-30.
[16]M. Eid, A. Alamri and A. E. Saddik. A reference model for dynamic web service composition systems[J]. Int. J. Web Grid Serv.,2008,4:149-168.
[17]王立杰,邹艳珍,金靖,赵俊峰and谢冰.基于Internet的WebServices收集方法[J]. Journal of Frontiers of Computer Science and Technology,2011, 5:976-984.
[18]B. Medjahed, A. Bouguettaya and A. K. Elmagarmid. Composing Web services on the Semantic Web[J]. The VLDB Journal,2003,12:333-351.
[19]S. Mcilraith and T. C. Son. Adapting Golog for Composition of Semantic Web Services[C]. Toulouse, France:Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Knowledge Representation and Reasoning,2002,1-5.
[20]S. Narayanan and S. A. McIlraith. Simulation, verification and automated composition of web services[C]. Honolulu, Hawaii, USA:Proceedings of the 11th international conference on World Wide Web,2002,77-88.
[21]D. Wu, E. Sirin, J. Hendler and D. Nau. Automatic Web servicescomposition using SHOP2[C]. Trento,Italy:In Workshop on Planning for Web Services,2003,21-25.
[22]F. Casati, S. Ilnicki, L.-j. Jin, V. Krishnamoorthy and M.-C. Shan. Adaptive and Dynamic Service Composition in eFlow[C]. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering,2000,13-31.
[23]T. W. Tewoldeberhan, A. Verbraeck and S. S. Msanjila. Simulating process orchestrations in business networks:a case using BPEL4WS[C]. Xi'an, China: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Electronic commerce,2005, 471-477.
[24]F. Curbera, R. Khalaf, F. Leymann and S. Weerawarana. Exception handling in the BPEL4WS language[C]. Eindhoven, The Netherlands:Proceedings of the 2003 international conference on Business process management,2003,276-290.
[25]T. Yu, Y. Zhang and K.-J. Lin. Efficient algorithms for Web services selection with end-to-end QoS constraints[J]. ACM Trans. Web,2007,1:6.
[26]M. R. Gholamian, S. M. T. F. Ghomi and M. Ghazanfari. A hybrid system for multiobjective problems-A case study in NP-hard problems[J]. Know.-Based Syst., 2007,20:426-436.
[27]L. Zeng, B. Benatallah, A. H. H. Ngu, M. Dumas, J. Kalagnanam, et al. QoS-Aware Middleware for Web Services Composition[J]. IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng., 2004,30:311-327.
[28]M. Alrifai and T. Risse. Combining global optimization with local selection for efficient QoS-aware service composition[C]. Madrid, Spain:Proceedings of the 18th international conference on World wide web,2009,881-890.
[29]M. Alrifai, D. Skoutas and T. Risse. Selecting skyline services for QoS-based web service composition[C]. Raleigh, North Carolina, USA:Proceedings of the 19th international conference on World wide web,2010,11-20.
[30]S. K. Shil. An Approach to Solve MMKP:Using Genetic Algorithm Basic, Solving Procedure and Discussion[M]. LAP Lambert Academic Publishing,2010.
[31]I. Saleh, G. Kulczycki and M. B. Blake. Formal Specification and Verification of Transactional Service Composition[C]. Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE World Congress on Services,2011,474-481.
[32]S. Bhiri, O. Perrin and C. Godart. Ensuring required failure atomicity of composite Web services[C]. Chiba, Japan:Proceedings of the 14th international conference on World Wide Web,2005,138-147.
[33]A.-B. Arntsen, M. Mortensen, R. Karlsen, A. Andersen and A. Munch-Ellingsen. Flexible transaction processing in the Argos middleware[C]. Nantes, France:Proceedings of the 2008 EDBT workshop on Software engineering for tailor-made data management,2008,12-17.
[34]N. B. Lakhal, T. Kobayashi and H. Yokota. FENECIA:failure endurable nested-transaction based execution of composite Web services with incorporated state analysis[J]. The VLDB Journal,2009,18:1-56.
[35]Y. Cardinale, J. E. Haddad, M. Manouvrier and M. Rukoz. CPN-TWS:a coloured petri-net approach for transactional-QoS driven Web Service composition[J]. Int. J. Web Grid Serv.,2011,7:91-115.
[36]J. E. Hadad, M. Manouvrier and M. Rukoz. TQoS:Transactional and QoS-Aware Selection Algorithm for Automatic Web Service Composition[J]. IEEE Trans. Serv. Comput.,2010,3:73-85.
[37]J. E. Haddad, M. Manouvrier, G. Ramirez and M. Rukoz. QoS-Driven Selection of Web Services for Transactional Composition[C]. Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE International Conference on Web Services,2008,653-660.
[38]S. Rosario, C. Rennes, B. Atlantique, A. Benveniste, C. Rennes, et al. Flexible Probabilistic QoS Management Of Transaction Based Web Services Orchestrations[C]. Los Angeles, CA IEEE International Conference on Web Service, 2009,107-114.
[39]S. Bhiri, O. Perrin and C. Godart. Extending workflow patterns with transactional dependencies to define reliable composite web services[C].Proceedings of the adavanced international Conference on Telecommunications and International Conference on Internet and Web Applications and Services (AICT/ICIW 2006),2006.
[40]C. Ye, S. C. Cheung, W. K. Chan and C. Xu. Detection and resolution of atomicity violation in service composition[C]. Dubrovnik, Croatia:Proceedings of the the 6th joint meeting of the European software engineering conference and the ACM SIGSOFT symposium on The foundations of software engineering,2007,235-244.
[41]K. Rajaram, A. Adiththan and C. Babu. Tx-policy:transactional policies for reliable web service composition[C]. Mumbai, Maharashtra, India:Proceedings of the International Conference & Workshop on Emerging Trends in Technology,2011, 738-743.
[42]E. K. Ozorhan, E. K. Kuban and N. K. Cicekli. Automated composition of web services with the abductive event calculus[J]. Inf. Sci.,2010,180:3589-3613.
[43]朱锐,郭长国and王怀民.一种基于补偿代价的长事务调度算法[J].软件学报,2009,20：744-753.
[44]R. Casado, J. Tuya and M. Younas. Testing Long-Lived Web Services Transactions Using a Risk-Based Approach[C]. Proceedings of the 2010 10th International Conference on Quality Software,2010,337-340.
[45]R. Casado, J. Tuya and M. Younas. A Framework to Test Advanced Web Services Transactions[C]. Proceedings of the 2011 Fourth IEEE International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation,2011,443-446.
[46]T. Wang, J. Vonk, B. Kratz and P. Grefen. A survey on the history of transaction management:from flat to grid transactions[J]. Distrib. Parallel Databases, 2008,23:235-270.
[47]M. Younas, B. Eaglestone and R. Holton. A Review of Multidatabase Transactions on The Web:From the ACID to the SACReD[C]. Proceedings of the 17th British National Conferenc on Databases:Advances in Databases,2000,140-152.
[48]J.-O. Larsen and P. Lago. Transaction Technology for Process Modelling[C]. Proceedings of the 4th European Workshop on Software Process Technology,1995,214-219.
[49]A. K. Elmagarmid, Y. Leu, J. G. Mullen and O. Bukhres. Introduction to advanced transaction models[M]. Database transaction models for advanced applications, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc.,1992:33-52.
[50]I. Ray. An advanced transaction model with application to multilevel secure systems[D].1998.
[51]K. Srinivasan, P. G. Malu and G. Moakley. Automatic Multibusiness Transactions[J]. IEEE Internet Computing,2003,7:66-73.
[52]D. Liang and S. K. Tripathi. Performance Analysis of Long-Lived Transaction Processing Systems with Rollbacks and Aborts[J]. IEEE Trans. on Knowl. and Data Eng.,1996,8:802-815.
[53]L. V. Mancini, I. Ray, S. Jajodia and E. Bertino. Flexible Transaction Dependencies in Database Systems[J]. Distrib. Parallel Databases,2000,8:399-446.
[54]E. Bertino, B. Catania and E. Ferrari. A nested transaction model for multilevel secure database management systems[J]. ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. Secur.,2001, 4:321-370.
[55]C. Beeri, P. A. Bernstein and N. Goodman. A model for concurrency in nested transactions systems[J]. J. ACM,1989,36:230-269.
[56]F. M. A. Silva and S. Krause. A Distributed Transaction Model based on Mobile Agents[C]. Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Mobile Agents, 1997,198-209.
[57]G. Martella, B. Pernici and F. A. Schreiber. An Availability Model for Distributed Transaction Systems[J]. IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng.,1985,11:483-491.
[58]S. Tai and I. Rouvellou. Strategies for integrating messaging and distributed object transactions[C]. New York, New York, United States:IFIP/ACM International Conference on Distributed systems platforms,2000,308-330.
[59]L. D. Molesky and K. Ramamritham. Multi-Node Multi-Level Transactions[R].1994.
[60]S. K. Madria, S. N. Maheshwari, B. chandra and B. Bhargava. An open and safe nested transaction model:concurrency and recovery [J]. J. Syst. Softw.,2000, 55:151-165.
[61]H. Schuldt, G. Alonso, C. Beeri and H.-J. Schek. atomicity and consistency for transactional processes[J]. ACM Transaction on database systems,2002, 27:1-52.
[62]P. Grefen, J. Vonk and P. Apers. Global transaction support for workflow management systems:from formal specification to practical implementation[J]. The VLDB Journal,2001,10:316-333.
[63]K. Alho, H. Peltonen, M. Mantyla and R. Sulonen. A design data manager[C]. Chicago, Illinois, United States:Proceedings of the 1988 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data,1988,202-202.
[64]H. G. Molina and K. Salem. Sagas[J]. SIGMOD Rec.,1987,16:249-259.
[65]M. Saheb, R. Karoui, S. Sedillot and dillot. Open Nested Transaction:A Support for Increasing Performance and Multi-tier Applications[C]. Selected papers from the Eight International Workshop on Foundations of Models and Languages for Data and Objects, Transactions and Database Dynamics,2000,167-192.
[66]G. Weikum and C. Hasse. Multi-level transaction management for complex objects:implementation, performance, parallelism[J]. The VLDB Journal, 1993,2:407-454.
[67]任怡.分布异构环境中事务工作流技术的研究[D].博士论文.长沙：国防科技大学,2005：1-113.
[68]J. Puustjarvi. Using advanced transaction and workflow models in composing web services[C]. Phuket, Thailand:Proceedings of the third conference on IASTED International Conference:Advances in Computer Science and Technology, 2007,58-63.
[69]J. Vonk and P. Grefen. Cross-Organizational Transaction Support for E-Services in Virtual Enterprises [J]. Distrib. Parallel Databases,2003,14:137-172.
[70]Q. Chen and U. Dayal. A Transactional Nested Process Management System[C]. Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on Data Engineering, 1996,566-573.
[71]D. Quartel, Lu\,\#237, s. F. Pires and M. v. Sinderen. On Architectural Support For Behaviour Refinement In Distributed Systems Design[J]. J. Integr. Des. Process Sci.,2002,6:1-30.
[72]M.-C. Fauvet, H. Duarte, M. Dumas and B. Benatallah. Handling Transactional Properties in Web Service Composition[C].New York,USA:6th International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering,2005,273-289.
[73]R. Jimenez-Peris, M. Patino-Martinez, G. Alonso and S. Arvalo. A Low-Latency Non-blocking Commit Service[C]. Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Distributed Computing,2001,93-107.
[74]B. A. Choudry and J. Cao. Coordinating business web services[C]. Paris, France:Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications & Services,2010,91-97.
[75]F. H. Vogt, S. Zambrovski, B. Gruschko, P. Furniss and A. Green. Implementing Web Service Protocols in SOA:WS-Coordination and WS-BusinessActivity[C]. unich, Germany Seventh IEEE International Conference on E-Commerce Technology Workshops,2005,21-28.
[76]M. Little. WS-CAF:contexts, coordination and transactions for web services[C]. Vilamoura, Portugal:Proceedings of the 2007 OTM Confederated international conference on On the move to meaningful internet systems:CoopIS, DOA, ODBASE, GAD A, and IS-Volume Part Ⅰ,2007,439-453.
[77]M. Chnini and N. Lumineau. An approach for business transaction management[C]. France:Proceedings of the International Conference on Management of Emergent Digital EcoSystems,2009,466-470.
[78]D. Ching. Business transaction assurance in business service networks[C]. Hong Kong:Proceedings of the IEEE EEE05 international workshop on Business services networks,2005,9-9.
[79]H. Sun. Quantifiable non-functional requirements modeling and static verification for web service compositions[M]. Iowa State University,2010.
[80]J. J.-W. Yoo, S. Kumara, D. Lee and S.-C. Oh. A Web Service Composition Framework Using Integer Programming with Non-functional Objectives and Constraints[C]. Proceedings of the 2008 10th IEEE Conference on E-Commerce Technology and the Fifth IEEE Conference on Enterprise Computing, E-Commerce and E-Services,2008,347-350.
[81]H. Rahmani, G. GhasemSani and H. Abolhassani. Automatic Web Service Composition Considering User Non-functional Preferences[C]. Proceedings of the 2008 4th International Conference on Next Generation Web Services Practices,2008,33-38.
[82]B. Schmeling, A. Charfi and M. Mezini. Composing Non-functional Concerns in Composite Web Services[C]. Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE International Conference on Web Services,2011,331-338.
[83]K. Yang, A. Galis and H.-H. Chen. QoS-Aware Service Selection Algorithms for Pervasive Service Composition in Mobile Wireless Environments[J]. Mob. Netw. Appl.,2010,15:488-501.
[84]N. B. Mabrouk, S. Beauche, E. Kuznetsova, N. Georgantas, Val\, et al. QoS-aware service composition in dynamic service oriented environments[C]. Urbanna, Illinois:Proceedings of the 10th ACM/IFIP/USENIX International Conference on Middleware,2009,1-20.
[85]D. A.Menasce and G. Mason. Composing Web Services:A QoS View[J]. IEEE Internet Computing,2004,89-91.
[86]L. Zeng, B. Benatallah and M. Dumas. Quality Driven Web Services Composition[C]. Budapest, Hungary:ACM WWW 2003,2003.
[87]L. Zeng, B. Benatallah, A. H.H.Ngu and m. Dumas. QoS-Aware Middleware for Web Services Composition[J]. IEEE TRANSACTION ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING,2004,30:311-327.
[88]M. Ryan. Constraint-Based Multi-agent Path Planning[C]. Auckland, New Zealand:Proceedings of the 21st Australasian Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence:Advances in Artificial Intelligence,2008,116-127.
[89]N. Kokash and V. D'Andrea. Evaluating quality of web services:a risk-driven approach[C]. Poznan, Poland:Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Business information systems,2007,180-194.
[90]朱锐.可信服务组合若干关键技术研究[D].国防科技大学.长沙：计算机科学与技术,2009：1-126.
[91]任怡,吴泉源,戴华东and吴庆波.一种基于QoS的事务工作流并发调度算法[J].电子学报,2007,35：621-628.
[92]X. Ye and Y. Chen. Concurrency Control for Transactional Composite Services[C]. Proceedings of the 2009 Congress on Services-Ⅰ,2009,781-788.
[93]M. Alrifai, P. Dolog and W. Nejdl. Transactions Concurrency Control in Web Service Environment[C]. Proceedings of the European Conference on Web Services,2006,109-118.
[94]I. Budak, Arpinar, U. Halici, S. Arpinar and A. Dogac. Formalization of Workflows and Correctness Issues in the Presence of Concurrency[J]. Distrib. Parallel Databases,1999,7:199-248.
[95]H. Schuldt. Process locking:a protocol based on ordered shared locks for the execution of transactional processes[C]. Santa Barbara, California, United States: Proceedings of the twentieth ACM SIGMOD-SIGACT-SIGART symposium on Principles of database systems,2001,289-300.
[96]F. Tang, M. Li, M. Guo, Z. Qi, Y. Wang, et al. Transaction Management for Grid Workflow Applications[C]. Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Grid and Cooperative Computing,2007,705-712.
[97]M. Alrifai, P. Dolog, W.-T. Balke and W. Nejdl. Distributed Management of Concurrent Web Service Transactions[J]. IEEE Transaction on Service Computing, 2009.
[98]J. E. Haddad, M. Manouvrier and M. Rukoz. A Hierarchical Model for TransactionalWeb Service Composition in P2P Networks[C].Salt Lake City, Utah, USA IEEE International Conference on Web Services,2007,346-353.
[99]P. Kangsabanik, D. S. Yadav, R. Mall and A. K. Majumdar. Performance analysis of long-lived cooperative transactions in active DBMS[J]. Data Knowl. Eng., 2007,62:547-577.
[100]Y.-s. Luo, Y. Qi, D. Hou, L.-f. Shen, Y. Chen, et al. A novel heuristic algorithm for QoS-aware end-to-end service composition[J]. Comput. Commun.,2011, 34:1137-1144.
[101]Y. Tao, Z. Yue and K.-J. Lin. Efficient Algorithms for Web Services Selection with End-to-End QoS Constraints[J]. ACM Transaction on Web,2007,1.
[102]U. Yildiz, A. Guabtni and A. H. H. Ngu. Towards scientific workflow patterns[C]. Portland, Oregon:Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Workflows in Support of Large-Scale Science,2009,1-10.
[103]Z. Luo, A. Sheth, K. Kouchut and B. Arpinar. Exception Handling for Conflict Resolution in Cross-OrganizationalWorkflows[J]. Distrib Parallel Databases, 2003,2003:271-306.
[104]L. Hai. A Risk-driven Selection Approach for Transactional Web Service Composition[C].GCC,2009.
[105]J. Puustjarvi. The reliability of web services atomic commitment protocols[C]. Paris, France:Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications & Services,2010,19-24.
[106]A. P. Ravn, J. Srba and S. Vighio. Modelling and verification of web services business activity protocol[C]. Saarbrcken, Germany:Proceedings of the 17th international conference on Tools and algorithms for the construction and analysis of systems:part of the joint European conferences on theory and practice of software,2011, 357-371.
[107]岳超源.决策理论与方法[M].北京：科学出版社,2003：1-446.
[108]B. A. Choudry, P. Bertok and J. Cao. Cost based web services transaction management[J]. Int. J. Web Grid Serv.,2006,2:198-220.
[109]刘海,贾雄,刘永柱,张卫民and杨学胜.GoS下集合预报网格工作流程系统设计与实现[J].华中科技大学学报,2009,38：1-5.
[110]J. M. Munoz-F err eras and F. Perez-Martinez. Superresolution versus motion compensation-based techniques for radar imaging defense applications[J]. EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process,2010,2010:1-9.
[111]H. Liu, K. Ren, W. Zhang and j. Chen. Risk Evaluation-based Selection Approach for Transactional Services Composition[M]. Cloud Computing and Software Services:Theory and Practice, CRC Press,2010:409-430.
[112]K. Ren, N. Xiao, J. Chen and J. Song. A Reverse Order-Based QoS Constraint Correction Approach for Optimizing Execution Path for Service Composition[C]. Monterrey, Mexico:Proceedings of the OTM Confederated International Workshops and Posters on On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems: 2008 Workshops:ADI, AWeSoMe, COMBEK, EI2N, IWSSA, MONET, OnToContent +QSI, ORM, PerSys, RDDS, SEMELS, and SWWS,2008,29-30.
[113]M. D. Penta, R. Esposito, M. L. Villani, R. Codato, M. Colombo, et al. WS Binder:a framework to enable dynamic binding of composite web services[C]. Shanghai, China:Proceedings of the 2006 international workshop on Service-oriented software engineering,2006,74-80.
[114]R. E. Bixby, M. Fenelon, Z. Gu, E. Rothberg and R. Wunderling. MIP: Theory and Practice-Closing the Gap [M]. System Modelling and Optimization,1999: 19-52.
[115]E. Danna, M. Fenelon, Z. Gu and R. Wunderling. Generating Multiple Solutions for Mixed Integer Programming Problems[C].IPCO 2007,2007,280-294.
[116]H. Q. Yu and S. Reiff-Marganiec. A Backwards Composition Context Based Service Selection Approach for Service Composition[C].IEEE International Conference on Services Computing,2009.
[117]J. Cardoso, A. Sheth, J. Miller, J. Arnold and K. Kochut. Quality of Service for Workflows and Web Service Processes[J]. Journal of Web Semantics,2004, 1:281-308.
[118]M. Alrifai and T. Risse. Combining Global Optimization with Local Selection for Efficient QoS-aware Service Composition[C]. ACM WWW 2009,2009.
[119]W. Li and A. Mozes. Computing frequent itemsets inside oracle 10G[C]. Toronto, Canada:Proceedings of the Thirtieth international conference on Very large data bases-Volume 30,2004,1253-1256.
[120]M. Schafer, P. Dolog and W. Nejdl. An environment for flexible advanced compensations of Web service transactions[J]. ACM Trans. Web,2008,2:1-36.
[121]Z. Maamar, N. C. Narendra, D. Benslimane and S. Subramanian. Policies for context-driven transactional web services[C]. Trondheim, Norway:Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Advanced information systems engineering,2007, 249-263.
[122]S. Stein, T. R. Payne and N. R. Jennings. Flexible provisioning of web service workflows[J]. ACM Trans. Internet Technol.,2009,9:1-45.
[123]A. Liu, H. Liu, Q. Li, L.-S. Huang and M.-J. Xiao. Constraints-Aware Scheduling for Transactional Services Composition[J]. Journal of Computer Science and Technology,2009,24:638-651.
[124]E. Al-Masri and Q. H. Mahmoud. Toward Quality-Driven Web Service Discovery[J]. IT Professional,2008,10:24-28.
[125]E. Al-Masri and Q. H. Mahmoud. Investigating web services on the world wide web[C]. Beijing, China:Proceeding of the 17th international conference on World Wide Web,2008,795-804.
[126]I. Sal eh, G. Kulczycki and M. B. Blake. Specification and verification of web services transactions[C]. Indianapolis, Indiana:Proceedings of the Fourth SIGMOD PhD Workshop on Innovative Database Research,2010,37-42.
[127]Transaction Management in Service-Oriented Systems:Requirements and a Proposal[J]. IEEE Transaction on Service Computing,2011,4:167-180.
[128]P. Greenfield, A. Fekete, J. Jang and D. Kuo. Compensation is Not Enough[C]. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Enterprise Distributed Object Computing,2003,232.
[129]M. Alrifai and P. Dolog. Transactions Concurrency Control in Web Service Environment[C].The European Conference on Web Services (ECOWS),2006,
[130]M. Alrifai, W.-T. Balke, P. Dolog and W. Nejdl. Nonblocking Scheduling for Web Service Transactions[C].2007.
[131]李红臣,史美林and陈信详.事务工作流的并发控制算法[J].软件学报,2001,12：1-9.
[132]Z. Zongtao, L. Li, D. Xiaoning, W. Jun and Z. Hua. Concurrency Control for Transactional Internetware Applications under Relaxed Isolation[J]. Journal of Frontiers of Computer Science and Technology,2008,02:5-13.
[133]C. Turker, K. Haller, C. Schuler and H.-J. Schek. How can we support Grid Transactions? Towards Peer-to-Peer Transaction Processing[C]. Second Biennial Conference on Innovative Data Systems Research (CIDR),2005,174-185.
[134]A. Guabtni, F. Charoy and C. Godart. Concurrency Management in Transactional Web Services Coordination[C].DEXA,2006,592-601.
[135]F. Tang, M. Li and M. Guo. A transactional grid workflow service for ShanghaiGrid[J]. Int. J. Web Grid Serv.,2007,3:424-446.
[136]L. Acciai, M. Boreale and S. D. Zilio. A concurrent calculus with atomic transactions[C]. Braga, Portugal:Proceedings of the 16th European conference on Programming,2007,48-63.
[137]V. C. S. Lee, K.-w. Lam and S.-L. Hung. Concurrency Control for Mixed Transactions in Real-Time Databases[J]. IEEE Trans. Comput.,2002,51:821-834.
[138]Q. Zhang, S. Sui and J. Li. Research and Realization of Transaction Concurrency Control in Grid Database[C]. Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Grid and Cooperative Computing,2007,168-172.
[139]K. Haller, H. Schuldt and C. Turker. Decentralized coordination of transactional processes in peer-to-peer environments[C]. Bremen, Germany: Proceedings of the 14th ACM international conference on Information and knowledge management,2005,28-35.
[140]K. Haller, H. Schuldt and C. Turker. Decentralized Coordination of Transactional Processes in PeertoPeer Environments[C]. Bremen, Germany Proceedings of the 14th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, 2005,36-43.
[141]R. Al-Khannak and L. Ye. Integrating grid computing technology for developing power systems reliability and efficiency[C]. Heraklion, Greece:Proceedings of the 12th WSEAS international conference on Systems,2008,491-497.
[142]R. F. Freund and T. C. Braun. Production Throughout as a High-performance Computing Meta-task[C]. Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications-Volume 3,2002,1134-1140.