光热敏微晶玻璃研究
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摘要
光热敏微晶玻璃作为制作高衍射效率光栅新型材料近年来被广泛研究。针对现代光学技术发展对高衍射效率光栅的需求,本文主要对光热敏微晶玻璃的组成、光敏析晶原理和性能等几个方面的内容进行了研究。通过选取Na-Zn-Al-Si的玻璃体系加入光敏剂和晶核剂和微晶引入物NaF,添加KBr和SnO_2用高温熔融法制备样品玻璃,并且通过样品进行紫外线曝光和热处理后制得的光热敏微晶玻璃进行光谱透过、激光损伤、和紫外曝光与热处理制度对玻璃的影响进行分析。通过XRD测试后发现析出微晶为NaF,并通过实验找到合适的紫外曝光和热处理制度。
作为一种新型的体全息写入感光材料,本实验制得的样品玻璃有较高的抗激光损伤阈值,热稳定性超过了400℃。由于体光栅的衍射效率取决于制作材料受紫外线照射并热处理后析晶区域和未照射区域的折射率差值△n的值,经过热处理后,由于被照射部分发生析晶而导致折射率变化,照射区域与未曝光区域折射率差△n达到10~(-4)数量级,并且在红外区域和可见光区域的透过率达到90%以上。
Photo-active glass-ceramic have been extensively studied in recent years for it is an attractive high diffraction efficiency grating materials. The composition, photosensitivity crystallization theory and performance of photo-active glass-ceramic are studied in this paper for the development of modern optical technology to the needs of high diffraction efficiency grating. The photo-active glass-ceramic is prepared by using photosensitizer nucleation agent NaF KBr SnO_2 and Sb_2O_3 doped the glass system of Na-Zn-Al-Si. Spectroscopic transmittance, laser-induced damage of photo-active glass-ceramic have been measured after ultraviolet irradiation and thermal treatment. Precipitation of microcrystalline glass samples for the NaF have been produced successfully and we have found appropriate ultraviolet irradiation and thermal treatment in the experiment.
The glass which is produced in the experiment have high anti-laser damage thresholdand its thermal stability more than 400°C as a new kind of volume holographicphotosensitive materials. Volume grating diffraction efficiency depend on the refractiveindex difference values An which is between the crystallization region after ultraviolet irradiation and thermal treatment and non-irradiated region and transmittance between visible and infrared region. Due to variations of refractive index difference values which is caused by glass crystallization of exposed part. The refractive index difference values△n is up to 10~(-4) order of magnitude and transmittance between infrared region and visible region is up to more than 90%.
作为一种新型的体全息写入感光材料,本实验制得的样品玻璃有较高的抗激光损伤阈值,热稳定性超过了400℃。由于体光栅的衍射效率取决于制作材料受紫外线照射并热处理后析晶区域和未照射区域的折射率差值△n的值,经过热处理后,由于被照射部分发生析晶而导致折射率变化,照射区域与未曝光区域折射率差△n达到10~(-4)数量级,并且在红外区域和可见光区域的透过率达到90%以上。
Photo-active glass-ceramic have been extensively studied in recent years for it is an attractive high diffraction efficiency grating materials. The composition, photosensitivity crystallization theory and performance of photo-active glass-ceramic are studied in this paper for the development of modern optical technology to the needs of high diffraction efficiency grating. The photo-active glass-ceramic is prepared by using photosensitizer nucleation agent NaF KBr SnO_2 and Sb_2O_3 doped the glass system of Na-Zn-Al-Si. Spectroscopic transmittance, laser-induced damage of photo-active glass-ceramic have been measured after ultraviolet irradiation and thermal treatment. Precipitation of microcrystalline glass samples for the NaF have been produced successfully and we have found appropriate ultraviolet irradiation and thermal treatment in the experiment.
The glass which is produced in the experiment have high anti-laser damage thresholdand its thermal stability more than 400°C as a new kind of volume holographicphotosensitive materials. Volume grating diffraction efficiency depend on the refractiveindex difference values An which is between the crystallization region after ultraviolet irradiation and thermal treatment and non-irradiated region and transmittance between visible and infrared region. Due to variations of refractive index difference values which is caused by glass crystallization of exposed part. The refractive index difference values△n is up to 10~(-4) order of magnitude and transmittance between infrared region and visible region is up to more than 90%.
引文
[1] Adrian Carter, Bryce Samson. Kanishka Tankala, et al. The road to kilo watt fiber lasers. Proceedings of the SPIE. 2004,53(50): 172-182.
[2] A Tiinnermann, T Schreiber, F Roser, et al. The renaissance and bright future of fibre lasers. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys., 2005,38:S681-S693.
[3] Adrian Carter, Enbang Li. Recent progress in high-power fiber lasers for high-power and high-quality material processing applications. Proc. SPIE, 2006,63(44):1~5.
[4] Jens Limpert, Fabian Roser, Sandro Klingebiel, et al. The rising power of fiber lasers and amplifiers. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 2007,13(3):537~545
[5] K. P. Hansen, C. B. Olausson J. Broeng, et al. Airclad fiber laser technology. Proc. SPIE, 2008,68(73):7-12
[6] Leonid B. Glebov and Vadim I. Smimov.Interaction of photo-thermo-refractive glass with nanosecond pulses at 532 nm .Proc. SPIE Int. Soc. Opt. Eng. 2004.5273, 396.
[7] Igor V. Ciapurin, Leonid B. Glebov, and Vadim I. Smirnov,"SpectraI combining of high-power fiber laser beams using Bragg grating in PTR glass."Troc. SPIE Int. Soc. Opt. Eng. 2004.5335,116.
[8] Igor V. Ciapurin, Leonid B. Glebov, Larissa N. Glebova, Vadim I. Smirnov, and Eugeniu V. Rotari.Incoherent combining of 100-W Yb-fiber laser beams by PTR Bragg grating."Proc. SPIE Int. Soc. Opt. Eng. 2003.4974.209.
[9] Oleg M. Efimov, Leonid B. Glebov, and Vadim I. Smirnov,Diffractive optical elements in photosensitive inorganic glasses.Proc. SPIE Int. Soc. Opt. Eng. 2001.4452,39.
[10] George B. Venus, Armen Sevian, Vadim I. Smirnov, and Leonid B. Glebov.High-brightness narrow-line laser diode source with volume Bragg-grating feedback .Proc. SPIE Int. Soc. Opt. Eng. 2005,(166)5711.
[11] Leonid B. Glebov, Vadim I. Smirnov. C. Martin Stickley, and Igor V. Ciapurin.New approach to robust optics for HEL systems.Proc. SPIE Int. Soc. Opt. Eng. 2002.4724, 101
[12] L.B. Glebov, E.N. Boulos. Absorption of iron and water in the Na20-CaO-MgO-Si02 glasses. II. Selection of intrinsic.ferric, and ferrous spectra in the visible and UV regions. Journal ofNon-Crystalline Solids. 1998. 242. 49-62
[13] L.B. Glebov. E.N. Boulos. Absorption of iron and water in silicate glasses. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the International Commission on Glass. Amsterdam, the Netherlands 2000.
[14] N.V. Nikonorov, E.I. Panysheva, I.V. Tunimanova. A.V.Chukharev, Glass Phys. Chem. 27 2001.241.
[15] O.M. Efimov. L.B. Glebov. V.I. Smirnov. in: Inorganic Optical Materials III. Proc. SPIE 2001,(39):4452-4460.
[16] O.M. Efimov. L.B. Glebov. S. Papemov. A.W. Schmid, in:Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials. Proc.SPIE3578 1999.554.
[17] L.B. Glebov, NV. Nikonorov, E.I. Panysheva, GT. Petrovskii. V.V. Savvin. I.V. Tunianova. V.A.Tsekhomskii.Polychromatic glasses - a new material for recording volume phase holograms. Soy. Phys. Dokl.1990. 35.878
45
[18]O.M.Efimov,L.B.Glebov,S.Papernov,A.W.Schmid.Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials.Proc.SPIE35781999.554-575.
[19]L.B.Glebov,O.M.Efimov,G.T.Petrovskii,P.N.Rogovtsev.Recording volume holograms in silicate ·glasses.Soy.Tech.Phys.Let.,1984,(10):145.
[20]M.Efimov,L.B.Glebov,L.N.Glebova,K.C.Richardson,and V.I.Smimov.High-Efficiency Bragg Gratings in Photothermorefractive Glass.Appl.Optics,Optical Technology and Biomedical Optics(OT&BO),1999,(38):619-627.
[21]L.Glebov,E.Boulos.Absorption spectra of iron and water in silicate glasses.Proc.of International Commission on Glass Conference "Glass in the New Millenium." Amsterdam 2000.S4-2.
[22]L.B.Glebov.Photosensitive glass for phase hologram recording.Glastech.Ber.Glass Sci.Technol.1998,(19):85-90.
[23]O.M.Efimov,L.B.Glebov,H.P.Andre.Measurement of the induced refractive index in a photothermorefractive glass by a liquid-cell shearing interferometer.Appl.Optics,2002,(41):1864-1871.
[24]L.B.Glebov.Photosensitive glass for phase hologram recording.Glastech.Ber.Glass Sci.Technol.1998,(17):85-90
[25]O.M Efimov,L.B.Glebov,L.N.Glebova,K.C.Richardson,and V.I.Smirnov.High-Efficiency Bragg Gratings in Photothermorefractive Glass.Appl.Optics,Optical Technology and Biomedical Optics(OT&BO),1999,(38):619-627.
[26]L.B.Glebov,L.Glebova.Swelling of photo-thermo-refractive glass resulted from thermal development.Glass Science and Technology 2002.(75):294-297.
[27]L.B.Glebov,E.N.Boulos.Absorption of iron and water in the Na20-CaO-MgO-Si02 glasses.Ⅱ.Selection of intrinsic,ferric,and ferrous spectra in the visible and UV regions.Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids,1998.(242):49-62.
[28]L.B.Glebov,E.N.Boulos.Absorption of iron and water in silicate glasses.Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the International Commission on Glass.Amsterdam,the Netherlands 2000.
[29]I.V.Ciapurin,L.B.Glebov,L.N.Glebova,V.I.Smirnov,E.V.Rotari.Incoherent combining of 100-W Yb-fiber laser beams by PTR Bragg grating.In Advances in Fiber Devices,L.N.Durvasula,Editor,Proceedings of SPIE 2003.209-219.
[30]L.B.Glebov.Intrinsic laser-induced breakdown of silicate glasses,in Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials.G.J.Exarhos,A.H.Guenther,K.L.Lewis,M.J.Soileau,C.J.Stolz,Editors.Proceedings of SPIE,2002,321-331.
[31]Julien Lumeau,Larissa Glebova,Leonid B.Glebov.Influence of UV-exposure on the crystallization and optical properties of photo-thermo-refractive glass.Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 2008,(354):425-430
[32]Oleg M.Efimov.Leonid B.Glebov.Measurement of the induced refractive index in a photothermorefractive glass by a liquid-cell shearing interferometer.APPLIED OPTICS 2002,(41).1864-1870
[33]胡安民,粱开明,周锋等.形核剂对Li_2O_2Al_2O_32SiO_2系微品玻璃晶化过程的影响:无机材料学报.2005.20(2):279-284
[34]赵莹,陆雷,张乐军等.晶化温度对Li_2OAl_2O_3SiO_2系微晶玻璃析晶和显微结构的影响.材料导报.2007,21:360-366
[35]程金树.李宏.汤李缨.微晶玻璃.北京:化学工业出版社.2006
[36]游牧,赵卫,程光华.光敏玻璃在飞秒激光作用下的析晶.激光技术.2006
[37]陆佩文无机材料科学基础.湖北:武汉理工大学出版社,2005
[38]干福禧,光学玻璃.北京:科学出版社.1960
[39]S.M.Lima,T.Catunda,M.L.Baesso,et al.Thermal-optical·properties of Ga:La:S glasses measured by thermal lens technique.J.Non-Cryst.Solids.1999,247:222-226.
[40]N.B.Barnes,R.E.Allen.Room temperature Dy:YLF laser operation at 4.34μm.IEEE J Quantum Electron.1991,27:277-282.
[41]T.Schweizer,D.W.Hewak,B.N.Samson,et al.Spectroscopy of potential mid-infrared laser transitions in gallium lanthanum sulphide glass.J Lumin.1997,72-74:419-421.
[42]Tanaka,Keiji.Nanostructured chalcogenide glasses.J.Non-Cryst.Solids.2003,326-327:21-28.
[43]B.G.Aitken,M.A.Newhouse.Ga-and/or In-containing AsGe sulfide glasses.United States Patent.1994,5:389-584.
[44]B.R.Judd.Optical absorption intensities of rare-earth ions.Phys.Rev.1962,127(3):75-761.
[45]T.H.Mainman.Stimulated optical radiation in ruby lasers,Nature.1960,187:493-494.
[2] A Tiinnermann, T Schreiber, F Roser, et al. The renaissance and bright future of fibre lasers. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys., 2005,38:S681-S693.
[3] Adrian Carter, Enbang Li. Recent progress in high-power fiber lasers for high-power and high-quality material processing applications. Proc. SPIE, 2006,63(44):1~5.
[4] Jens Limpert, Fabian Roser, Sandro Klingebiel, et al. The rising power of fiber lasers and amplifiers. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 2007,13(3):537~545
[5] K. P. Hansen, C. B. Olausson J. Broeng, et al. Airclad fiber laser technology. Proc. SPIE, 2008,68(73):7-12
[6] Leonid B. Glebov and Vadim I. Smimov.Interaction of photo-thermo-refractive glass with nanosecond pulses at 532 nm .Proc. SPIE Int. Soc. Opt. Eng. 2004.5273, 396.
[7] Igor V. Ciapurin, Leonid B. Glebov, and Vadim I. Smirnov,"SpectraI combining of high-power fiber laser beams using Bragg grating in PTR glass."Troc. SPIE Int. Soc. Opt. Eng. 2004.5335,116.
[8] Igor V. Ciapurin, Leonid B. Glebov, Larissa N. Glebova, Vadim I. Smirnov, and Eugeniu V. Rotari.Incoherent combining of 100-W Yb-fiber laser beams by PTR Bragg grating."Proc. SPIE Int. Soc. Opt. Eng. 2003.4974.209.
[9] Oleg M. Efimov, Leonid B. Glebov, and Vadim I. Smirnov,Diffractive optical elements in photosensitive inorganic glasses.Proc. SPIE Int. Soc. Opt. Eng. 2001.4452,39.
[10] George B. Venus, Armen Sevian, Vadim I. Smirnov, and Leonid B. Glebov.High-brightness narrow-line laser diode source with volume Bragg-grating feedback .Proc. SPIE Int. Soc. Opt. Eng. 2005,(166)5711.
[11] Leonid B. Glebov, Vadim I. Smirnov. C. Martin Stickley, and Igor V. Ciapurin.New approach to robust optics for HEL systems.Proc. SPIE Int. Soc. Opt. Eng. 2002.4724, 101
[12] L.B. Glebov, E.N. Boulos. Absorption of iron and water in the Na20-CaO-MgO-Si02 glasses. II. Selection of intrinsic.ferric, and ferrous spectra in the visible and UV regions. Journal ofNon-Crystalline Solids. 1998. 242. 49-62
[13] L.B. Glebov. E.N. Boulos. Absorption of iron and water in silicate glasses. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the International Commission on Glass. Amsterdam, the Netherlands 2000.
[14] N.V. Nikonorov, E.I. Panysheva, I.V. Tunimanova. A.V.Chukharev, Glass Phys. Chem. 27 2001.241.
[15] O.M. Efimov. L.B. Glebov. V.I. Smirnov. in: Inorganic Optical Materials III. Proc. SPIE 2001,(39):4452-4460.
[16] O.M. Efimov. L.B. Glebov. S. Papemov. A.W. Schmid, in:Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials. Proc.SPIE3578 1999.554.
[17] L.B. Glebov, NV. Nikonorov, E.I. Panysheva, GT. Petrovskii. V.V. Savvin. I.V. Tunianova. V.A.Tsekhomskii.Polychromatic glasses - a new material for recording volume phase holograms. Soy. Phys. Dokl.1990. 35.878
45
[18]O.M.Efimov,L.B.Glebov,S.Papernov,A.W.Schmid.Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials.Proc.SPIE35781999.554-575.
[19]L.B.Glebov,O.M.Efimov,G.T.Petrovskii,P.N.Rogovtsev.Recording volume holograms in silicate ·glasses.Soy.Tech.Phys.Let.,1984,(10):145.
[20]M.Efimov,L.B.Glebov,L.N.Glebova,K.C.Richardson,and V.I.Smimov.High-Efficiency Bragg Gratings in Photothermorefractive Glass.Appl.Optics,Optical Technology and Biomedical Optics(OT&BO),1999,(38):619-627.
[21]L.Glebov,E.Boulos.Absorption spectra of iron and water in silicate glasses.Proc.of International Commission on Glass Conference "Glass in the New Millenium." Amsterdam 2000.S4-2.
[22]L.B.Glebov.Photosensitive glass for phase hologram recording.Glastech.Ber.Glass Sci.Technol.1998,(19):85-90.
[23]O.M.Efimov,L.B.Glebov,H.P.Andre.Measurement of the induced refractive index in a photothermorefractive glass by a liquid-cell shearing interferometer.Appl.Optics,2002,(41):1864-1871.
[24]L.B.Glebov.Photosensitive glass for phase hologram recording.Glastech.Ber.Glass Sci.Technol.1998,(17):85-90
[25]O.M Efimov,L.B.Glebov,L.N.Glebova,K.C.Richardson,and V.I.Smirnov.High-Efficiency Bragg Gratings in Photothermorefractive Glass.Appl.Optics,Optical Technology and Biomedical Optics(OT&BO),1999,(38):619-627.
[26]L.B.Glebov,L.Glebova.Swelling of photo-thermo-refractive glass resulted from thermal development.Glass Science and Technology 2002.(75):294-297.
[27]L.B.Glebov,E.N.Boulos.Absorption of iron and water in the Na20-CaO-MgO-Si02 glasses.Ⅱ.Selection of intrinsic,ferric,and ferrous spectra in the visible and UV regions.Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids,1998.(242):49-62.
[28]L.B.Glebov,E.N.Boulos.Absorption of iron and water in silicate glasses.Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the International Commission on Glass.Amsterdam,the Netherlands 2000.
[29]I.V.Ciapurin,L.B.Glebov,L.N.Glebova,V.I.Smirnov,E.V.Rotari.Incoherent combining of 100-W Yb-fiber laser beams by PTR Bragg grating.In Advances in Fiber Devices,L.N.Durvasula,Editor,Proceedings of SPIE 2003.209-219.
[30]L.B.Glebov.Intrinsic laser-induced breakdown of silicate glasses,in Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials.G.J.Exarhos,A.H.Guenther,K.L.Lewis,M.J.Soileau,C.J.Stolz,Editors.Proceedings of SPIE,2002,321-331.
[31]Julien Lumeau,Larissa Glebova,Leonid B.Glebov.Influence of UV-exposure on the crystallization and optical properties of photo-thermo-refractive glass.Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 2008,(354):425-430
[32]Oleg M.Efimov.Leonid B.Glebov.Measurement of the induced refractive index in a photothermorefractive glass by a liquid-cell shearing interferometer.APPLIED OPTICS 2002,(41).1864-1870
[33]胡安民,粱开明,周锋等.形核剂对Li_2O_2Al_2O_32SiO_2系微品玻璃晶化过程的影响:无机材料学报.2005.20(2):279-284
[34]赵莹,陆雷,张乐军等.晶化温度对Li_2OAl_2O_3SiO_2系微晶玻璃析晶和显微结构的影响.材料导报.2007,21:360-366
[35]程金树.李宏.汤李缨.微晶玻璃.北京:化学工业出版社.2006
[36]游牧,赵卫,程光华.光敏玻璃在飞秒激光作用下的析晶.激光技术.2006
[37]陆佩文无机材料科学基础.湖北:武汉理工大学出版社,2005
[38]干福禧,光学玻璃.北京:科学出版社.1960
[39]S.M.Lima,T.Catunda,M.L.Baesso,et al.Thermal-optical·properties of Ga:La:S glasses measured by thermal lens technique.J.Non-Cryst.Solids.1999,247:222-226.
[40]N.B.Barnes,R.E.Allen.Room temperature Dy:YLF laser operation at 4.34μm.IEEE J Quantum Electron.1991,27:277-282.
[41]T.Schweizer,D.W.Hewak,B.N.Samson,et al.Spectroscopy of potential mid-infrared laser transitions in gallium lanthanum sulphide glass.J Lumin.1997,72-74:419-421.
[42]Tanaka,Keiji.Nanostructured chalcogenide glasses.J.Non-Cryst.Solids.2003,326-327:21-28.
[43]B.G.Aitken,M.A.Newhouse.Ga-and/or In-containing AsGe sulfide glasses.United States Patent.1994,5:389-584.
[44]B.R.Judd.Optical absorption intensities of rare-earth ions.Phys.Rev.1962,127(3):75-761.
[45]T.H.Mainman.Stimulated optical radiation in ruby lasers,Nature.1960,187:493-494.